EP1731627A1 - Hochsteifes hochfestes dünnes stahlblech und herstellungsverfahren dafür - Google Patents
Hochsteifes hochfestes dünnes stahlblech und herstellungsverfahren dafür Download PDFInfo
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- EP1731627A1 EP1731627A1 EP05728004A EP05728004A EP1731627A1 EP 1731627 A1 EP1731627 A1 EP 1731627A1 EP 05728004 A EP05728004 A EP 05728004A EP 05728004 A EP05728004 A EP 05728004A EP 1731627 A1 EP1731627 A1 EP 1731627A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Definitions
- This invention relates to a high-stiffness high-strength thin steel sheet suitable mainly as a vehicle body for automobiles and a method for producing the same.
- the high-stiffness high-strength thin steel sheet according to the invention is a column-shaped structural member having a thickness susceptibility index of the stiffness near to 1 such as center pillar, locker, side flame, cross member or the like of the automobile and is widely suitable for applications requiring a stiffness.
- the stiffness of the parts under the same shape of parts and welding conditions is represented by a product of Young's modulus of the material and geometrical moment of inertia of the part. Further, the geometrical moment of inertia can be expressed so as to be approximately proportionate to t ⁇ when the thickness of the material is t.
- ⁇ is a thickness susceptibility index and is a value of 1-3 in accordance with the shape of the parts. For example, in case of one plate shape such as panel parts for the automobile, ⁇ is a value near to 3, while in case of column-shape such as structural parts, ⁇ is a value near to 1.
- ⁇ of the parts 3 if the thickness is made small by 10% while equivalently maintaining the stiffness of the parts, it is required to increase the Young's modulus of the material by 37%, while when ⁇ of the parts is 1, if the thickness is made small by 10%, it may be enough to increase the Young's modulus by 11%.
- the Young's modulus is largely dependent upon the texture and is known to become high in a closest direction of atom. Therefore, it is effective to develop ⁇ 112 ⁇ 110> in order to develop an orientation advantageous for the Young's modulus of steel being a body-centered cubic lattice in a steel making process comprising the rolling through rolls and the heat treatment, whereby the Young's modulus can be increased in a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction.
- the patent article 1 discloses a technique wherein a steel obtained by adding Nb or Ti to an extremely low carbon steel is hot-rolled at a rolling reduction at Ar 3 -(Ar 3 +150°C) of not less than 85% to promote transformation from non-crystallized austenite to ferrite to thereby render the texture of ferrite at the stage of the hot-rolled sheet into ⁇ 311 ⁇ 011> and ⁇ 332 ⁇ 113>, which is an initial orientation and is subjected to a cold rolling and a recrystallization annealing to render ⁇ 211 ⁇ 011> into a main orientation to thereby increase the Young's modulus in a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction.
- the patent article 2 discloses a method for producing a hot rolled steel sheet having an increased Young's modulus in which Nb, Mo and B are added to a low carbon steel having a C content of 0.02-0.15% and the rolling reduction at Ar 3 -950°C is made to not less than 50% to develop [211] ⁇ 011>.
- patent article 3 discloses a method for producing a hot rolled steel sheet in which Si and Al are added to a low carbon steel having a C content of not more than 0.05% to enhance Ar 3 transformation point and the rolling reduction below Ar 3 transformation point in the hot rolling is made to not less than 60% to increase Young's modulus in a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction.
- Patent article 1 JP-A-H05-255804
- the aforementioned techniques have the following problems.
- the Young's modulus of the steel sheet is increased by using the extremely low carbon steel having a C content of not more than 0.01% to control the texture, but the tensile strength is low as about 450 MPa at most, so that there is a problem in the increase of the strength by applying this technique.
- the crystal grains are coarsened by conducting the rolling at the ferrite zone, so that there is a problem that the workability is considerably deteriorated.
- the increase of the Young's modulus in the steel sheet by the conventional techniques is targeted to hot rolled steel sheets having a thick thickness or soft steel sheets, so that it is difficult to increase the Young's modulus of high-strength thin steel sheet having a thickness of not more than 2.0 mm by using the above conventional techniques.
- a strengthening mechanism for increasing the tensile strength of the steel sheet to not less than 590 MPa there are mainly a precipitation strengthening mechanism and a transformation texture strengthening mechanism.
- the precipitation strengthening mechanism When the precipitation strengthening mechanism is used as the strengthening mechanism, it is possible to increase the strength while suppressing the lowering of the Young's modulus of the steel sheet as far as possible, but the following difficulty is accompanied. That is, when utilizing the precipitation strengthening mechanism for finely precipitating, for example, a carbonitride of Ti, Nb or the like, in the hot rolled steel sheet, the increase of the strength is attained by conducting the fine precipitation in the coiling after the hot rolling, but in the cold rolled steel sheet, the coarsening of the precipitate can not be avoided at the step of recrystallization annealing after the cold rolling and it is difficult to increase the strength through the precipitation strengthening.
- the precipitation strengthening mechanism for finely precipitating for example, a carbonitride of Ti, Nb or the like
- an object of the invention to solve the above problems and to provide a high-stiffness high-strength thin steel sheet having a tensile strength of not less than 590 MPa, preferably not less than 700 MPa, a Young's modulus of not less than 230 GPa, preferably not less than 240 GPa and a thickness of not more than 2.0 mm as well as an advantageous method for producing the same.
- (V) A method for producing a high-stiffness high-strength thin steel sheet according to the item (IV), wherein the starting material of steel further contains one or two of Nb: 0.005-0.04% and V: 0.01-0.20% as mass% in addition to the above composition and satisfies the relationships of the above equation (1) and the following equation (3) instead of the equation (2): 0.01 ⁇ C - 12 / 47.9 ⁇ T i * - 12 / 92.9 ⁇ N b - 12 / 50.9 ⁇ V ⁇ 0.05
- (VI) A method for producing a high-stiffness high-strength thin steel sheet according to the item (IV) or (V), wherein the staring material of steel further contains one or more of Cr: 0.1-1.0%, Ni: 0.1-1.0%, Mo: 0.1-1.0%, Cu: 0.1-2.0% and B: 0.0005-0.0030% as mass% in addition to the above composition.
- a high-stiffness high-strength thin steel sheet having a tensile strength of not less than 590 MPa and a Young's modulus of not less than 230 GPa.
- the starting material of low carbon steel added with Mn and Ti is roll-reduced below 950°C in the hot rolling to promote the transformation from non-recrystallized austenite to ferrite and then cold rolled to develop a crystal orientation useful for the improvement of Young's modulus and thereafter a low-temperature transformation phase suppressing the lowering of the Young's modulus is produced and a greater amount of ferrite phase useful for the improvement of the Young's modulus is retained in the cooling stage by the control of the heating rate in the annealing step and the soaking at two-phase region, whereby the thin steel sheet satisfying higher strength and higher Young's modulus can be produced, which develops an effective effect in industry.
- the starting material of low carbon steel added with Mn and Ti is roll-reduced at an austenite low-temperature region in the hot rolling to increase the non-recrystallized austenite texture having a crystal orientation of ⁇ 112 ⁇ 111>, and subsequently the transformation from the non-recrystallized austenite of ⁇ 112 ⁇ 111> to ferrite is promoted in the cooling stage to develop ferrite orientation of ⁇ 113 ⁇ 110>.
- the rolling is carried out at a rolling reduction of not less than 50% to turn the crystal orientation of ⁇ 113 ⁇ 110> to ⁇ 112 ⁇ 110> useful for the improvement of the Young's modulus, and in the temperature rising stage at the subsequent annealing step, the temperature is raised from 500°C to the soaking temperature at a heating rate of 1-30°C/s to promote the recrystallization of ferrite having an orientation of ⁇ 112 ⁇ 110> and provide a two-phase region at a state of partly retaining the non-recrystallized grains of ⁇ 112 ⁇ 110>, whereby the transformation from the non-recrystallized ferrite of ⁇ 112 ⁇ 110> to austenite can be promoted.
- ferrite grains having an orientation of ⁇ 112 ⁇ 110> is grown to enhance the Young's modulus, while the steel enhancing the hardenability by the addition of Mn is cooled at a rate of not less than 5°C/s to produce the low-temperature transformation phase, whereby it is attempted to increase the strength.
- the low-temperature transformation phase is produced by retransforming the austenite phase transformed from ferrite having an orientation of ⁇ 112 ⁇ 110> during the cooling, so that ⁇ 112 ⁇ 110> can be also developed even in the crystal orientation of the low-temperature transformation phase.
- the Young's modulus is enhanced by developing ⁇ 112 ⁇ 110> of ferrite phase, and particularly ⁇ 112 ⁇ 110> is increased in the orientation of the low-temperature transformation phase largely exerting on the lowering of the Young's modulus, whereby the strength can be increased by the formation of the low-temperature transformation phase and the lowering of the Young's modulus accompanied with the formation of the low-temperature transformation phase can be largely suppressed.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing an influence of a total rolling reduction below 950°C on Young's modulus
- the high-stiffness high-strength thin steel sheet according to the invention is a steel sheet having a tensile strength of not less than 590 MPa, preferably not less than 700 MPa, a Young's modulus of not less than 230 GPa, preferably not less than 240 GPa, and a thickness of not more than 2.0 mm.
- the steel sheet to be targeted in the invention includes steel sheets subjected to a surface treatment such as galvanization inclusive of alloying, zinc electroplating or the like in addition to the cold rolled steel sheet.
- C is an element stabilizing austenite and can largely contribute to increase the strength by enhancing the hardenability at the cooling stage in the annealing after the cold rolling to largely promote the formation of the low-temperature transformation phase. Further, C can contribute to increase the Young's modulus by promoting the transformation of ferrite grains having ⁇ 112 ⁇ 110> after the cold rolling from the non-recrystallized ferrite to austenite in the temperature rising stage at the annealing step.
- the C content is required to be not less than 0.02%, preferably not less than 0.05%, more preferably not less than 0.06%.
- the C content exceeds 0.15%, the fraction of hard low-temperature transformation phase becomes large, and the strength of the steel is extremely increased but also the workability is deteriorated.
- the greater amount of C suppresses the recrystallization of the orientation useful for the increase of the Young's modulus at the annealing step after the cold rolling. Further, the greater amount of C brings about the deterioration of the weldability. Therefore, the C content is required to be not more than 0.15%, preferably not more than 0.10%.
- Si not more than 1.5% Si raises the Ar 3 transformation point in the hot rolling, so that when the rolling is terminated at 800-900°C, if Si is contained in an amount exceeding 1.5%, the rolling at austenite region becomes difficult and the crystal orientation required for the increase of the Young's modulus can not be obtained. Also, the greater amount of Si deteriorates the weldability of the steel sheet but also promotes the formation of fayalite on a surface of a slab in the heating at the hot rolling step to accelerate the occurrence of surface pattern so-called as a red scale.
- the Si content is required to be not more than 1.5%.
- the Si content is preferable to be not more than 0.5%.
- Si is an element stabilizing ferrite and promotes the ferrite transformation at the cooling stage after the soaking of two-phase region in the annealing step after the cold rolling to enrich C in austenite, whereby austenite can be stabilized to promote the formation of the low-temperature transformation phase.
- the strength of steel can be increased, if necessary.
- the Si content is desirable to be not less than 0.2%.
- Mn 1.0-3.5% Mn is one of important elements in the invention. Mn has an action of suppressing the recrystallization of worked austenite in the hot rolling. Also, Mn can promote the transformation from the non-recrystallized austenite to ferrite to develop ⁇ 113 ⁇ 110> and improve the Young's modulus in the subsequent cold rolling and annealing steps.
- Mn as an austenite stabilizing element lowers Ac 1 transformation point in the temperature rising stage at the annealing step after the cold rolling to promote the transformation from the non-recrystallized ferrite to austenite, and can develop the orientation useful for the improvement of the Young's modulus to control the lowering of the Young's modulus accompanied with the formation of the low-temperature transformation phase with respect to the orientation of the low-temperature transformation phase produced in the cooling stage after the soaking.
- Mn enhances the hardenability in the cooling stage after the soaking and annealing at the annealing step to largely promote the formation of the low-temperature transformation phase, which can largely contribute to the increase of the strength. Further, Mn acts as a solid-solution strengthening element, which can contribute to the increase of the strength in steel. In order to obtain such an effect, the Mn content is required to be not less than 1.0%, preferably not less than 1.5%.
- the Mn content exceeds 3.5%, Ac 3 transformation point is excessively lowered in the temperature rising stage at the annealing step after the cold rolling, so that the recrystallization of ferrite phase at the two-phase region is difficult and it is required to raise the temperature up to an austenite single-phase region above Ac 3 transformation point.
- ferrite of ⁇ 112 ⁇ 110> orientation useful for the increase of the Young's modulus obtained by the recrystallization of worked ferrite can not be developed to bring about the lowering of the Young's modulus.
- the greater amount of Mn deteriorates the weldability of the steel sheet.
- the greater amount of Mn enhances the deformation resistance of steel in the hot rolling to increase the rolling load, which causes the difficulty in the operation. Therefore, the Mn content is not more than 3.5%.
- P not more than 0.05% Since P segregates in the grain boundary, if the P content exceeds 0.05%, the ductility and toughness of the steel sheet lower but also the weldability is deteriorated. In case of using the alloyed galvanized steel sheet, the alloying rate is delayed by P. Therefore, the P content is required to be not more than 0.05%.
- P is an element effective for the increase of the strength as a solid-solution strengthening element and has an action of promoting the enrichment of C in austenite as a ferrite stabilizing element. In the steel added with Si, it has also an action of suppressing the occurrence of red scale. In order to obtain these actions, the P content is preferable to be not less than 0.01%.
- S not more than 0.01% S considerably lowers the hot ductility to induce hot tearing and considerably deteriorate the surface properties. Further, S hardly contributes to the strength but also forms coarse MnS as an impurity element to lower the ductility and drill-spreading property. These problems become remarkable when the S content exceeds 0.01%, so that it is desirable to reduce the S content as far as possible. Therefore, the S content is not more than 0.01 %. From a viewpoint of improving the drill-spreading property, it is preferable to be not more than 0.005%.
- Al not more than 1.5%
- Al is an element useful for deoxidizing steel to improve the cleanness of the steel.
- Al is a ferrite stabilizing element, and largely raises the Ar 3 transformation of the steel, so that when the finish rolling is terminated at 800-900°C, if the Al content exceeds 1.5%, the rolling at austenite region becomes difficult to suppress the development of the crystal orientation required for the increase of the Young's modulus. Therefore, the Al content is required to be not more than 1.5%. From this viewpoint, Al is preferable to be made lower, and further preferable to be limited to not more than 0.1%.
- A1 as a ferrite forming element promotes the formation of ferrite in the cooling stage after the soaking at the two-phase region in the annealing step after the cold rolling to enrich C in austenite, whereby austenite can be stabilized to promote the formation of the low-temperature transformation phase.
- the strength of the steel can be enhanced, if necessary.
- the Al content is desirable to be not less than 0.2%.
- N not more than 0.01%
- N is a harmful element because slab breakage is accompanied in the hot rolling to cause surface defect.
- the N content exceeds 0.01%, the occurrence of slab breakage and surface defect becomes remarkable.
- a carbonitride forming element such as Ti, Nb or the like
- N forms a coarse nitride at a high temperature to suppress the effect by the addition of the carbonitride forming element. Therefore, the N content is required to be not more than 0.01%.
- Ti 0.02-0.50% Ti is a most important element in the invention. That is, Ti controls the recrystallization of worked austenite at the finish rolling step in the hot rolling to promote the transformation from the non-recrystallized austenite to ferrite and develop ⁇ 113 ⁇ 110>, and can increase the Young's modulus at the subsequent cold rolling and annealing steps.
- the recrystallization of worked ferrite is suppressed in the temperature rising stage at the annealing step after the cold rolling to promote the transformation from the non-recrystallized ferrite to austenite, and the orientation useful for the increase of the Young's modulus can be developed with respect to the orientation of the low-temperature transformation phase produced in the cooling stage after the soaking to suppress the lowering of the Young's modulus accompanied with the formation of the low-temperature transformation phase.
- a fine carbonitride of Ti can contribute to the increase of the strength.
- the Ti content is required to be not less than 0.02%, preferably not less than 0.03%.
- the Ti content exceeds 0.50%, all the carbonitride can not be solid-soluted in the re-heating at the usual hot rolling step and a coarse carbonitride remains, and hence the effect of suppressing the recrystallization of worked austenite at the hot rolling step or the effect of suppressing the recrystallization of worked ferrite at the annealing step after the cold rolling can not be obtained. Also, even if the hot rolling of the slab after the continuous casting is started as it is without conducting the re-heating after the continuously cast slab is cooled, when the Ti content exceeds 0.50%, the improvement of the effect of suppressing the recrystallization is not recognized and also the increase of the alloy cost is brought about. Therefore, the Ti content is required to be not more than 0.50%, preferably not more than 0.20%.
- Ti is liable to easily form coarse nitride and sulfide at a high temperature region.
- the C amount not fixed as the carbide calculated by (C-(12/47.9) ⁇ Ti*) is required to be not more than 0.05%.
- the C amount not fixed as the carbide is less than 0.01 %, the C content in austenite decreases in the annealing at two-phase region after the cold rolling to suppress the formation of martensite phase after the cooling and hence it is difficult to increase the strength. Therefore, the amount of C-(12/47.9) ⁇ Ti* as the C amount not fixed as the carbide is 0.01-0.05 %.
- the term "the remainder being substantially iron and inevitable impurities" used herein means that steels containing slight amounts of other elements without damaging the action and effect of the invention are included within the scope of the invention.
- one or two of Nb: 0.005-0.04% and V: 0.01-0.20% and one or more of Cr, Ni, Mo, Cu and B may be added, if necessary, in addition to the above definition of the chemical composition.
- Nb 0.005-0.04%
- Nb is an element contributing to the increase of the strength by forming a fine carbonitride. Also, it is an element contributing to the increase of the Young's modulus by suppressing the recrystallization of worked austenite at the finish rolling step in the hot rolling to promote the transformation from the non-recrystallized austenite to ferrite.
- the Nb content is preferable to be not less than 0.005%.
- the Nb content exceeds 0.04%, the rolling load considerably increases in the hot rolling and cold rolling and the difficulty is accompanied in the production, so that the Nb content is preferably not more than 0.04%, more preferably not more than 0.01%.
- V 0.01-0.20%
- V is an element contributing to the increase of the strength by forming a fine carbonitride. Since it has such an action, the V content is preferable to be not less than 0.01.%. On the other hand, when the V content exceeds 0.20%, the effect of increasing the strength by the amount exceeding 0.20% is small and the increase of the alloy cost is caused. Therefore, the V content is preferable to be 0.01-0.20%.
- Nb and V form the carbide to decrease the C content not fixed as the carbide. Therefore, in order to render the C content not fixed as the carbide into 0.01-0.05%, when Nb and/or V are added, the value of C-(12/47.9)xTi*-(12/92.9)xNb-(12/50.9)xV is required to be 0.01-0.05 %.
- Cr 0.1-1.0%
- Cr is an element enhancing the hardenability by suppressing the formation of cementite and can largely contribute to the increase of the strength by largely promoting the formation of the low-temperature transformation phase in the cooling stage after the soaking at the annealing step. Further, the recrystallization of worked austenite is suppressed in the hot rolling step to promote the transformation from non-recrystallized austenite to ferrite and develop ⁇ 113 ⁇ 110>, and the Young's modulus can be increased at the subsequent cold rolling and annealing steps. In order to obtain such an effect, Cr is preferable to be included in an amount of not less than 0.1%.
- the Cr content exceeds 1.0%, the above effect is saturated and the alloy cost increases, so that Cr is preferable to be included in an amount of not more than 1.0%.
- the oxide of Cr produced on the surface induces the non-plating, so that Cr is preferable to be included in an amount of not more than 0.5%.
- Ni 0.1-1.0%
- Ni is an element stabilizing austenite to enhance the hardenability, and can largely contribute to the increase of the strength by largely promoting the formation of the low-temperature transformation phase in the cooling stage after the soaking at the annealing step.
- Ni as an austenite stabilizing element lowers Ac 1 transformation point in the temperature rising stage at the annealing step after the cold rolling to promote the transformation from the non-recrystallized ferrite to austenite, and develops the orientation useful for the increase of the Young's modulus with respect to the orientation of the low-temperature transformation phase produced in the cooling stage after the soaking, whereby the lowering of the Young's modulus accompanied with the formation of the low-temperature transformation phase can be suppressed.
- Ni suppresses the recrystallization of worked austenite in the hot rolling to promote the transformation from the non-recrystallized austenite to ferrite to thereby develop ⁇ 113 ⁇ 110>, whereby the Young's modulus can be increased at the subsequent cold rolling and annealing steps.
- the surface defect is induced by cracking accompanied with the lowering of the hot ductility in the hot rolling, but the occurrence of the surface defect can be controlled by composite addition of Ni.
- Ni is preferable to be included in an amount of not less than 0.1%.
- Ni content exceeds 1.0%
- Ac 3 transformation point is extremely lowered in the temperature rising stage at the annealing step after the cold rolling and the recrystallization of ferrite phase at the two-phase region is difficult, and hence it is required to raise the temperature up to austenite single phase region above Ac 3 transformation point.
- ferrite of orientation obtained by the recrystallization of worked ferrite and useful for the increase of the Young's modulus can not be developed to bring about the decrease of the Young's modulus.
- the alloy cost increases. Therefore, Ni is preferable to be included in an amount of not more than 1.0%.
- Mo 0.1-1.0%
- Mo is an element enhancing the hardenability by making small the mobility of the interface, and can largely contribute to the increase of the strength by largely promoting the formation of the low-temperature transformation phase in the cooling stage at the annealing step after the cold rolling. Further, the recrystallization of worked austenite can be suppressed, and the transformation from the non-recrystallized austenite to ferrite is promoted to develop ⁇ 113 ⁇ 110> and the Young's modulus can be increased at the subsequent cold rolling and annealing steps. In order to obtain such an action, Mo is preferable to be included in an amount of not less than 0.1%. On the other hand, when the Mo content exceeds 1.0%, the above effect is saturated and the alloy cost increases, so that Mo is preferable to be included in an amount of not more than 1.0%.
- B is an element suppressing the transformation from austenite phase to ferrite phase to enhance the hardenability, and can largely contribute to the increase of the strength by largely promoting the formation of the low-temperature transformation phase in the cooling stage at the annealing step after the cold rolling. Further, the recrystallization of worked austenite can be suppressed, and the transformation from the non-recrystallized austenite to ferrite is promoted to develop ⁇ 113 ⁇ 110> and the Young's modulus can be increased at the subsequent cold rolling and annealing steps. In order to obtain such an effect, B is preferable to be included in an amount of not less than 0.0005%. On the other hand, when the B content exceeds 0.0030%, the deformation resistance in the hot rolling is enhanced to increase the rolling load and the difficulty is accompanied in the production, so that B is preferable to be included in an amount of not more than 0.0030%.
- Cu 0.1-2.0%
- Cu is an element enhancing the hardenability, and can largely contribute to the increase of the strength by largely promoting the formation of the low-temperature transformation phase in the cooling stage at the annealing step after the cold rolling. In order to obtain such an effect, Cu is preferable to be included in an amount of not less than 0.1%.
- the Cu content exceeds 2.0%, the hot ductility is lowered and the surface defect accompanied with the cracking in the hot rolling is induced and the hardening effect by Cu is saturated, so that Cu is preferable to be included in an amount of not more than 2.0%.
- the texture according to the invention is required to have a texture comprising a ferrite phase as a main phase and having a martensite phase at an area ratio of not less than 1%.
- ferrite phase as a main phase means that the area ratio of the ferrite phase is not less than 50%.
- the texture is required to be the ferrite phase as a main phase. Also, in order to render the tensile strength of the steel sheet into not less than 590 MPa, it is required that the low-temperature transformation phase as a hard phase is formed in a portion other than the ferrite phase as a main phase or a so-called second phase to provide a composite phase.
- the feature that a hard martensite phase among the low-temperature transformation phases is particularly existent in the texture is advantageous because the fraction of the second phase for obtaining the target tensile strength level is made small and the fraction of ferrite phase is made large, whereby the increase of the Young's modulus is attained and further the workability can be improved.
- the martensite phase is required to be not less than 1% as an area ratio to the whole of the texture. In order to obtain the strength of lot less than 700 MPa, the area ratio of the martensite phase is preferable to be not less than 16%.
- the texture of the steel sheet according to the invention is preferable to be a texture comprising ferrite phase and martensite phase, but there is no problem that phases other than the ferrite phase and martensite phase such as bainite phase, residual austenite phase, pearlite phase, cementite phase and the like are existent at the area ratio of not more than 10%, preferably not more than 5%. That is, the sum of area ratios of ferrite phase and martensite phase is preferably not less than 90%, more preferably not less than 95%.
- the composition of the starting material of steel used in the production method of the invention is the same as the composition of the aforementioned steel sheet, so that the description of the reason on the limitation of the starting material of steel is omitted.
- the thin steel sheet according to the invention can be produced by successively conducting a hot rolling step of subjecting the starting material of steel having the same composition as the composition of the steel sheet to a hot rolling to obtain a hot rolled sheet, a cold rolling step of subjecting the hot rolled sheet after pickling to a cold rolling to obtain a cold rolled sheet, and an annealing step of attaining the recrystallization and composite texture in the cold rolled sheet.
- the total rolling reduction below 950°C total rolling reduction
- the finish rolling is terminated below 900°C.
- the final temperature of the finish rolling is required to be not lower than 800°C.
- Coiling temperature not higher than 650°C
- the coiling temperature after the finish rolling exceeds 650°C
- the carbonitride of Ti is coarsened and the effect of suppressing the recrystallization of ferrite becomes small in the temperature rising stage at the annealing step after the cold rolling and it is difficult to transform the non-recrystallized ferrite into austenite.
- the orientation of the low-temperature transformation phase transformed in the cooling stage after the soaking can not be controlled, and the Young's modulus is largely lowered by the low-temperature transformation phase having such a strain. Therefore, the coiling temperature after the finish rolling is required to be not higher than 650°C.
- the coiling temperature is too low, a great amount of the hard low-temperature transformation phase is produced and the load in the subsequent cold rolling is increased to cause the difficulty in the production, so that it is preferable to be not lower than 400°C.
- Cold rolling step Cold rolling is carried out at a rolling reduction of not less than 50% after the pickling. After the hot rolling step, the pickling is carried out for removing scale formed on the surface of the steel sheet. The pickling may be conducted according to the usual manner. Thereafter, the cold rolling is conducted. By the cold rolling at a rolling reduction of not less than 50% can be turned the orientation of ⁇ 113 ⁇ 110> developed on the hot rolled steel sheet to an orientation of ⁇ 112 ⁇ 110> effective for the increase of the Young's modulus.
- the orientation of ⁇ 112 ⁇ 110> is developed by the cold rolling, the orientation of ⁇ 112 ⁇ 110> in ferrite is enhanced in the texture after the subsequent annealing step and further the orientation of ⁇ 112 ⁇ 110> is developed in the low-temperature transformation phase, whereby the Young's modulus can be increased.
- the rolling reduction in the cold rolling is required to be not less than 50%.
- the Young's modulus can be increased by promoting the growth of ferrite grains having an orientation of ⁇ 112 ⁇ 110> when austenite is transformed into ferrite in the cooling after the soaking. Further, when the strength is increased by producing the low-temperature transformation phase, austenite phase transformed from ferrite having an orientation of ⁇ 112 ⁇ 110> is re-transformed in the cooling, so that ⁇ 112 ⁇ 110> can be also developed with respect to the crystal orientation of the low-temperature transformation phase.
- the reason why the soaking temperature is 780-900°C is due to the fact that when it is lower than 780°C, the non-recrystallized texture remains, while when it exceeds 900°C, the amount of austenite produced becomes large and it is difficult to develop ferrite having an orientation of ⁇ 112 ⁇ 110> useful for the increase of the Young's modulus.
- the soaking time is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to be not less than 30 seconds for forming austenite, while it is preferable to be not more than about 300 seconds because the production efficiency is deteriorated as the time is too long.
- Cooling rate to 500°C after soaking not less than 5°C/s
- an average cooling rate to 500°C after the soaking is required to be not less than 5°C/s.
- steel having a chemical composition in accordance with the target strength level is first melted.
- the melting method can be properly applied a usual converter process, an electric furnace process and the like.
- the molten steel is cast into a slab, which is subjected to a hot rolling as it is or after the cooling and heating.
- the steel sheet is coiled at the aforementioned coiling temperature and then subjected to usual pickling and cold rolling.
- the annealing the temperature is raised under the aforementioned condition, and in the cooling after the soaking, the cooling rate can be increased within a range of obtaining a target low-temperature transformation phase.
- the cold rolled steel sheet may be subjected to an overaging treatment, or may be passed through a hot dip zinc in case of producing as a galvanized steel sheet, or further in case of producing as an alloyed galvanized steel sheet, a re-heating may be conducted up to a temperature above 500°C for the alloying treatment.
- the hot rolling, pickling, cold rolling and annealing are successively conducted in the laboratory.
- the basic production conditions are as follows. After the steel ingot is heated at 1250°C for 1 hour, the hot rolling is conducted under conditions that the total rolling reduction below 950°C is 40% and the final rolling temperature (corresponding to a final temperature of finish rolling) is 860°C to obtain a hot rolled sheet having a thickness of 4.0 mm. Thereafter, the coiling condition (corresponding to a coiling temperature of 600°C) is simulated by leaving the hot rolled sheet up to 600°C and keeping in a furnace of 600°C for 1 hour and then cooling in the furnace.
- the thus obtained hot rolled sheet is pickled and cold-rolled at a rolling reduction of 60% to a thickness of 1.6 mm. Then, the temperature of the cold rolled sheet is raised at 10°C/s on average up to 500°C and further from 500°C to a soaking temperature of 820°C at 5°C/s on average. Next, the soaking is carried out at 820°C for 180 seconds, and thereafter the cooling is carried out at an average cooling rate of 10°C/s up to 500°C, and further the temperature of 500°C is kept for 80 seconds, and then the sheet is cooled in air.
- the following conditions are further individually changed under the above production conditions as a basic condition. That is, the experiment is carried out under the basic condition except for the individual changed conditions that the total rolling reduction below 950°C is 20-60% and the final temperature of the hot finish rolling is 800-920°C and the coiling temperature is 500-670°C and the rolling reduction of the cold rolling is 40-75% and the average temperature rising rate from 500°C to the soaking temperature (820°C) in the annealing is 0.5-35°C/s.
- a tensile test specimen of JIS No. 5 is cut out in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction and subjected to a tensile test.
- sectional texture is observed by a scanning type electron microscope (SEM) after the corrosion with Nital to judge the kind of the texture, while three photographs are shot at a visual region of 30 ⁇ m x 30 ⁇ m and then area ratios of ferrite phase and martensite phase are measured by an image processing to determine an average value of each phase as an area ratio (fraction) of each phase.
- SEM scanning type electron microscope
- the values of the mechanical characteristics under the basic condition in the experiment according to the production method of the invention are Young's modulus E: 242 GPa, TS: 780 MPa, El: 23%, fraction of ferrite phase: 67% and fraction of martensite phase: 28%, from which it is clear that the thin steel sheet has an excellent balance of strength-ductility and a high Young's modulus.
- the remainder of the texture other than ferrite phase and martensite phase is either of bainite phase, residual austenite phase, pearlite phase and cementite phase.
- the relationship between the production conditions and Young's modulus is explained based on the above test results with reference to the drawings.
- the tensile strength is 730-820 MPa
- the fraction of ferrite phase is 55-80%
- the fraction of martensite phase is 17-38%
- the remainder of the texture is either of bainite phase, residual austenite phase, pearlite phase and cementite phase.
- FIG. 1 influences of the total rolling reduction below 950°C upon Young's modulus, respectively.
- the Young's modulus indicates an excellent value of not less than 230 GPa.
- FIG. 2 is shown an influence of the final temperature of the hot finish rolling upon the Young's modulus.
- the Young's modulus indicates an excellent value of not less than 230 GPa.
- FIG. 3 is shown an influence of the coiling temperature upon the Young's modulus.
- the Young's modulus indicates an excellent value of not less than 230 GPa.
- FIG. 4 is shown an influence of the rolling reduction of the cold rolling upon the Young's modulus.
- the Young's modulus indicates an excellent value of not less than 230 GPa.
- FIG. 5 is shown an influence of the average temperature rising rate from 500°C to the soaking temperature of 820°C in the annealing upon the Young's modulus.
- the Young's modulus indicates an excellent value of not less than 230 GPa.
- steels B-Z and AA-AI having a chemical composition as shown in Table 2 are melted in a vacuum melting furnace of a laboratory and cooled to room temperature to prepare a steel ingot (steel raw material). Thereafter, it is successively subjected to the hot rolling, pickling, cold rolling and annealing under conditions shown in Table 3, respectively. After the steel ingot is heated at 1250°C for 1 hour, the hot rolling is carried out at various rolling temperatures to obtain a hot rolled sheet having a thickness of 4.0 mm. Then, the coiling condition after a target coiling temperature is simulated by keeping in a furnace of the coiling temperature for 1 hour and then cooling in the furnace.
- the hot rolled sheet is pickled, cold-rolled at various rolling reductions to a thickness of 0.8-1.6 mm, and the temperature is raised up to 500°C at 10°C on average and further up to a target soaking temperature at an average temperature rising rate shown in Table 3.
- the cooling is carried out at various average cooling rates shown in Table 3, and the sheet is kept at 500°C for 80 seconds and then cooled to room temperature in air.
- Table 4 are shown characteristics obtained by the aforementioned tests.
- the residual texture other than ferrite phase and martensite phase in the tables is either of bainite phase, residual austenite phase, pearlite phase and cementite phase.
- the C content is as small as 0.01%, and the fraction of martensite is 0%, and TS is smaller than the acceptable range of the invention.
- the C content not fixed as the carbide (SC) is as high as 0.08% and the fraction of ferrite phase is as small as 30%, and the Young's modulus is smaller than the acceptable range of the invention.
- SC is as high as 0.06%, and the Young's modulus is smaller than the acceptable range of the invention.
- the Mn content is as high as 3.6%, and the Young's modulus is smaller than the acceptable range of the invention.
- the C content is as high as 0.16% and SC is as high as 0.14% and the fraction of ferrite phase is as small as 25%, and the Young's modulus is smaller than the acceptable range of the invention.
- the Mn content is as low as 0.9%, and TS and the Young's modulus are smaller than the acceptable range of the invention.
- the Ti content is as low as 0.01% and Ti* is as small as 0.00%, and the Young's modulus is smaller than the acceptable range of the invention.
- all items are within the acceptable range of the invention, and TS and Young's modulus satisfy the acceptable range of the invention.
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JP2004107040 | 2004-03-31 | ||
JP2004346620 | 2004-11-30 | ||
PCT/JP2005/006327 WO2005095664A1 (ja) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-03-31 | 高剛性高強度薄鋼板およびその製造方法 |
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EP1731627A1 true EP1731627A1 (de) | 2006-12-13 |
EP1731627A4 EP1731627A4 (de) | 2007-10-31 |
EP1731627B1 EP1731627B1 (de) | 2013-08-21 |
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US (1) | US20070144633A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1731627B1 (de) |
KR (1) | KR100881047B1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2005227564B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2546009A1 (de) |
TW (1) | TW200604352A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005095664A1 (de) |
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- 2005-03-31 US US10/578,524 patent/US20070144633A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (8)
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EP2088218A4 (de) * | 2006-11-07 | 2013-04-03 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corp | Stahlplatte mit hohem youngschem elastizitätsmodul und herstellungsverfahren dafür |
EP2138599A1 (de) * | 2007-04-13 | 2009-12-30 | JFE Steel Corporation | Hiochfestes feuerverzinktes stahlblech und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
EP2138599A4 (de) * | 2007-04-13 | 2014-10-22 | Jfe Steel Corp | Hiochfestes feuerverzinktes stahlblech und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
EP2169083A4 (de) * | 2007-07-11 | 2015-05-20 | Jfe Steel Corp | Verfahren zur herstellung eines hochfesten kaltgewalzten stahlblechs mit niedriger streckfestigkeit und geringerer materialqualitätsschwankung |
EP2778247A4 (de) * | 2011-11-07 | 2015-08-12 | Posco | Stahlblech für heisspressformen, heisspressformelement und herstellungsverfahren dafür |
US20180057907A1 (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2018-03-01 | Jfe Steel Corporation | High-strength steel sheet and production method therefor |
US10570476B2 (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2020-02-25 | Jfe Steel Corporation | High-strength steel sheet and production method therefor |
WO2019174730A1 (de) | 2018-03-15 | 2019-09-19 | Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag | Unterfahrschutz für ein batteriegehäuse |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1731627A4 (de) | 2007-10-31 |
KR100881047B1 (ko) | 2009-02-05 |
US20070144633A1 (en) | 2007-06-28 |
CA2546009A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
EP1731627B1 (de) | 2013-08-21 |
TW200604352A (en) | 2006-02-01 |
TWI312810B (de) | 2009-08-01 |
AU2005227564A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
AU2005227564B2 (en) | 2008-02-21 |
WO2005095664A1 (ja) | 2005-10-13 |
KR20060134029A (ko) | 2006-12-27 |
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