EP1679136A1 - Procede de fabrication d'un tube sans soudure par laminage a trois rouleaux - Google Patents
Procede de fabrication d'un tube sans soudure par laminage a trois rouleaux Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1679136A1 EP1679136A1 EP04792128A EP04792128A EP1679136A1 EP 1679136 A1 EP1679136 A1 EP 1679136A1 EP 04792128 A EP04792128 A EP 04792128A EP 04792128 A EP04792128 A EP 04792128A EP 1679136 A1 EP1679136 A1 EP 1679136A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tube material
- mandrel mill
- mandrel
- roll
- rolling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B17/00—Tube-rolling by rollers of which the axes are arranged essentially perpendicular to the axis of the work, e.g. "axial" tube-rolling
- B21B17/02—Tube-rolling by rollers of which the axes are arranged essentially perpendicular to the axis of the work, e.g. "axial" tube-rolling with mandrel, i.e. the mandrel rod contacts the rolled tube over the rod length
- B21B17/04—Tube-rolling by rollers of which the axes are arranged essentially perpendicular to the axis of the work, e.g. "axial" tube-rolling with mandrel, i.e. the mandrel rod contacts the rolled tube over the rod length in a continuous process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B25/00—Mandrels for metal tube rolling mills, e.g. mandrels of the types used in the methods covered by group B21B17/00; Accessories or auxiliary means therefor ; Construction of, or alloys for, mandrels or plugs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B27/00—Rolls, roll alloys or roll fabrication; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use
- B21B27/02—Shape or construction of rolls
- B21B27/024—Rolls for bars, rods, rounds, tubes, wire or the like
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a seamless tube by a three-roll mandrel mill.
- a round billet or angular billet as a work material to be rolled is heated at 1200 to 1260°C in a rotary hearth heating furnace, and then is subjected to a piercing process employing a plug and rolling rolls to thereby obtain a hollow shell.
- a mandrel bar is inserted into the bore of the above hollow shell in a skewered manner, and an elongating process is applied to reduce the wall thickness to the predetermined dimension, while restraining the outer surface of said hollow shell by the grooved rolling rolls mounted on five to eight stands, normally, that constitute the mandrel mill.
- the mandrel bar is withdrawn and the tube material thus reduced in wall thickness is subjected to a reducer mill, whereby rolling to the predetermined diameter is carried out to obtain a product.
- the rolling roll is designed to have a larger curvature at both side edge portions including the flange portion in a groove profile so as to avoid the seizure defect on the tube material at the location corresponding to the roll flange attributable to the excessive peripheral velocity difference between the groove bottom and the flange, as well as to avoid the groove-overfilled defects due to the excessive overfill of the tube material.
- the contact area (contact location) subsequent to rolling between the inner surface of the tube material and the mandrel bar in the case of three-roll mandrel mill should be increased compared to the two-roll mandrel mill because of the geometrical characteristic of the groove profile of the rolling rolls.
- the force required for withdrawing the mandrel bar should increase to thereby cause unsuccessful withdrawal of the mandrel bar very likely after rolling and the scratches on the inner surface of the tube material thereby should be generated very likely, which are of serious issues in terms of production run and quality.
- the deformation characteristic of the tube material between the rolling rolls in the three-roll mandrel mill is significantly distinguished from the two-roll mandrel mill, thus by merely setting the circumferential length of grove profile at No.1 stand to No.3 stand as shown in the above (2) that is described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No.5-185112, it is not enough to solve such a problem that the mandrel-withdrawal-related defects after rolling and the scratch defects on the inner surface of the tube material by the mandrel bar are likely to occur.
- the present invention is made to solve this problem encountered in the prior art, and the object thereof is to provide a method of manufacturing seamless tubes by a three-roll mandrel mill, wherein the withdrawal failure of the mandrel bar as well as the generation of the scratch defects on the inner surface of the tube material can be suppressed effectively to thereby enable the production run by said three-roll mandrel mill.
- the present invention provides a method of manufacturing seamless tubes by a three-roll mandrel mill, wherein the ratio of the inner circumferential length of the tube material to the outer circumferenctial length of the mandrel bar is set in the range of 1.07 to 1.17 in the last two stands, that constitute said mandrel mill, in which the tube material is subjected to a wall thickness reduction process.
- said ratio of the inner circumferential length of the tube material to the outer circumferenctial length of the mandrel bar is set in the range of 1.10 to 1.17.
- the ratio of the outside diameter of the tube material at the exit of said mandrel mill to the groove bottom diameter of the rolling roll in the last two stands is preferably set to be not greater than 0.25.
- the ratio of the outside diameter of the tube material at the exit of said mandrel mill to the groove bottom diameter of the rolling roll in the last two stands is more preferably set to be not greater than 0.20.
- the ratio of the bar clearance at the entrance of said mandrel mill to the inside diameter of the tube material at the entrance of said mandrel mill is preferably set in the range of 0.04 to 0.12.
- the ratio of the bar clearance at the entrance of said mandrel mill to the inside diameter of the tube material at the entrance of said mandrel mill is more preferably set in the range of 0.06 to 0.12.
- a sizing stand is disposed behind the last two stands, wherein the reduction rate at the groove bottom of the rolling roll at said sizing stand is not less than 5%.
- the present invention provides a method of manufacturing seamless tubes by a three-roll mandrel mill, wherein the ratio of the inner circumferential length of the tube material to the outer circumferential length of the mandrel bar is set within the range of 1.07 to 1.17 in the last two stands, that constitute said mandrel mill, in which the tube material is subjected to a wall thickness reduction process, and wherein the unsuccessful withdrawal of the mandrel bar as well as the inner surface scratches of the tube material by the mandrel bar can be effectively suppressed without excessively increasing the wall thickness difference in the circumferential direction (wall thickness eccentricity) after rolling, whereby a production run by said three-roll mandrel mill can be practically performed.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing how the ratio of an inner circumferential length of the tube material to an outer circumferential length of the mandrel bar in the last two stands affects the following parameters, whereas (a) shows the influence on the withdrawability of the mandrel bar, (b) shows the influence on the inner surface quality of the tube material, and (c) shows the influence on the wall thickness eccentricity (wall thickness difference in the circumferential direction after rolling).
- the present inventors made an investigation of the influence of the ratio of the inner circumferential length of the tube material to the outer circumferential length of the mandrel bar (hereinafter, referred to as the circumferential length ratio) on the withdrawability of the mandrel bar after rolling in such a way that the rolling test with 10 lengths of the tube material of carbon steel and 9% Cr steel for variance of the circumferential length ratio in the last two stands, in which the wall thickness reduction of the tube material is performed.
- the circumferential length ratio the ratio of the inner circumferential length of the tube material to the outer circumferential length of the mandrel bar
- 1 is the diagram showing how the ratio of the inner circumferential length of the tube material to the outer circumferential length of the mandrel bar in last two stands affects the following parameters, whereas (a) shows the influence on the withdrawability of the mandrel bar, (b) shows the influence on the inner surface quality of the tube material, and (c) shows on the wall thickness eccentricity (the wall thickness difference in the circumferential direction after rolling).
- a shows the influence on the withdrawability of the mandrel bar
- b shows the influence on the inner surface quality of the tube material
- c shows on the wall thickness eccentricity (the wall thickness difference in the circumferential direction after rolling).
- the Level "2" denotes the successive withdrawal for both carbon steel and 9% Cr steel (being defined as “excellent” when all of ten lengths of the tube material can be successfully withdrawn), while the Level “1” denotes the successful withdrawal for carbon steel only, and the Level “0” denotes the unsuccessful withdrawal both carbon steel and 9% Cr steel.
- the Level "3" denotes no inner surface defect (scratch by the mandrel bar) on the tube material, while the Level “2” denotes that the generation rate of the defect is not greater than 10%, the level “1” denotes the generation rate is above 10% and not greater than 20%, and the Level “0” denotes the generation rate is greater than 20%, respectively.
- the Level “2” denotes that the rate of wall thickness eccentricity of the tube material is less than 15%, while the Level “1” denotes the case of 15% or above.
- the circumferential length ratio is set in the range of 1.07 to 1.17, while the wall thickness difference in the circumferential direction (the wall thickness eccentricity) of the tube material after rolling can be controlled not to be excessive, the unsuccessful withdrawal of the mandrel bar and the generation of the inner surface scratch defects by the mandrel bar can be effectively suppressed. Further, it is preferable that the above circumferential length ratio is set in the range of 1.10 to 1.17 in order to decrease much more the unsuccessful withdrawal of the mandrel bar.
- FIG. 2 is the diagram explaining the inner circumferential length of the tube material, whereas (a) shows the layout of each rolling roll, and (b) shows the enlarged view of the area enclosed by a broken line in the above (a).
- the above inner circumferential length of the tube material is obtained in such a way that the outer contour (curvature BE') is firstly determined by equally dividing the tube material into six segments in the circumferential direction with respect to the groove profile center C of the groove profile outlined by the curvature from the groove bottom B to the edge E of each rolling roll R, and then the inner contour is derived by compensating the outer contour with the wall thickness t at the groove bottom, thus the above inner circumferential length of the tube material is calculated by summing each inner length of the six contour segments (represented by curvature B1E1).
- the arc nearby the edge E for instance, which is part of the groove profile, is extended so as to intersect with the line CC' that makes 60° in angle with respect to the line BC to thereby result in the intersection point E'.
- the intent of compensating the outer contour (curvature BE') with the wall thickness t at the groove bottom is defined that each point constituting the curvature BE' is shifted inwardly by an amount of t in normal direction at the relevant point.
- the above wall thickness t at the groove bottom is determined by the rolling schedule, and the outer circumferential length of the mandrel bar is calculated from the outside diameter of the mandrel bar that is determined by the rolling schedule.
- the tube material does not follow the roll groove profile and sticks to the mandrel bar instead depending on the material grade of the tube material and/or the rolling parameters, thereby resulting in the reduction of the withdrawability and/or the generation of the scratch defects by the mandrel bar.
- the present inventors focused attention on the fact that, based on various investigations for preventing the reduction of the with draw ability, etc. by incorporating circumferentially outstretched deformation of the tube material so as to follow the groove profile contour of the rolling roll as much as possible, when the groove bottom diameter of the rolling roll, i.e.
- FIG. 3 is the diagram explaining how the groove bottom diameter of the rolling roll affects the tube material for the above case.
- the groove bottom diameter of the rolling roll when the groove bottom diameter of the rolling roll is set large compared to the outside diameter of the tube material at the exit of mandrel mill, the contact length between the groove bottom region and the tube material becomes longer. Consequently, the deformation resistance in the reduction rolling direction increases, thus promoting the deformation toward the flange portion of the rolling roll, whereby the circumferentially outstretched deformation following the groove profile contour is promoted.
- FIG. 4 is the diagram showing how the ratio of the outside diameter of the tube material at the exit of the mandrel mill to the groove bottom diameter of the rolling roll in the last two stands affects the following parameters, whereas (a) shows an influence on the withdrawability of the mandrel bar, (b) shows an influence on the inner surface quality of the tube material, and (c) shows an influence on the wall thickness eccentricity of the tube material.
- the Level in each vertical axis in FIGs. 4(a) - (c) exactly means the same extent as the case of the above FIG. 1, the explanation is omitted.
- the above circumferential length ratio is set to be 1.07 which is within the above predetermined range, and the ratio of the bar clearance at the entrance of the mandrel mill to the inside diameter of the tube material at the entrance of the mandrel mill, which is described later on, is set to be 0.04.
- the "finish-diameter/roll-groove-bottom-diameter” is preferably set to be in the range of 0.1 to 0.25, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.2.
- the above tube material diameter at the exit of the mandrel bar is determined by the rolling schedule.
- the present inventors thought that, by adjusting the ratio of the bar clearance at the entrance of the mandrel mill to the inside diameter of the tube material at the entrance of the mandrel mill, it becomes also possible to subject the tube material to the circumferentially outstretched deformation to follow the groove profile contour of the rolling roll, thereby enabling the reduction of the withdrawability to be prevented.
- the present inventors performed the rolling test using ten lengths of the tube material in each for carbon steel and 9% Cr steel for variance of the ratio of the bar clearance at the entrance of the mandrel mill to the inside diameter of the tube material at the entrance of mandrel mill (hereinafter, referred to "entrance-bar-clearance/finish-inside-diameter” where necessary) and investigated the influence of "entrance-bar-clearance/finish-inside-diameter" on the withdrawability of the mandrel bar and the like after rolling.
- FIG. 5 is the diagram showing how the ratio of the bar clearance at the entrance of said mandrel mill to the inside diameter of the tube material at the entrance of said mandrel mill affects the following parameters, whereas (a) shows an influence on the withdrawability of the mandrel bar, (b) shows an influence on the inner surface quality of the tube material, and (c) shows an influence on the wall thickness eccentricity of tube material.
- the "Level number" in each vertical axis in FIGs. 5(a) - (c) exactly means the same extent as the case of the above FIG. 1, the explanation is omitted.
- the circumferential length ratio concerned is set to be 1.07 that is within the proper range and the "finish-diameter/roll-groove-bottom-diameter" is set to be 0.25 that is within the proper range.
- the "entrance-bar-clearance/finish-inside-diameter” is preferably set to be in the range of 0.04 to 0.12, and more preferably in the range of 0.06 to 0.12.
- the above bar clearance is defined to be obtained by the equation (the inside diameter of the tube material at the entrance of the mandrel mill - the outside diameter of the mandrel mill), that is determined by the rolling schedule.
- the present inventors thought that, by disposing the sizing stand behind the last two stands where the wall thickness reduction rolling is carried out and by configuring an adequate reduction rolling to be equal or greater than the predetermined radius reduction rate at the groove bottom of the rolling rolls at the sizing stand, the tube material likely deforms towards the flange to generate the effective clearance to thereby enhance the with drawability, etc. And, the present inventors performed the rolling test using ten lengths of the tube material in each for carbon steel and 9% Cr steel for variance of the radius reduction rate at the groove bottom of the rolling rolls at the sizing stand, and investigated the influence of the radius reduction rate on the withdrawability of the mandrel bar and the like after rolling.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing how the radius reduction rate at the groove bottom of the rolling roll in the sizing stand affects the following parameters, whereas (a) shows an influence on the withdrawability of the mandrel bar, (b) shows an influence on the inner surface quality of the tube material, and (c) shows an influence on the wall thickness eccentricity of the tube material.
- the "Level number" in each vertical axis in FIGs. 6(a) - (c) exactly means the same extent as the case of the above FIG. 1, the explanation is omitted.
- the above circumferential length ratio is set to be 1.07 that is within the proper range
- the above “finish-diameter/roll-groove-bottom-diameter” is set to be 0.25 that is within the proper range
- the above “entrance-bar-clearancelfinish-inside-diameter” is set to be 0.04 that is also within the proper range.
- FIG. 7 is the diagram explaining said radius reduction rate at the groove bottom of the rolling roll in the sizing stand in the method of manufacturing seamless tubes according to the present invention.
- said radius reduction rate is defined by the equation (1) below, given that the major radius (corresponding to the line segment CE' in FIG. 2(b)) at the last stand (designated by No. N-1 stand), where the wall thickness reduction rolling is carried out for the tube material, is A N-1 , and the minor radius (corresponding to the line segment BC in FIG. 2(b)) at the sizing stand (designated by No. N stand) is B N :
- Radius reduction rate ( A N - 1 / B N - 1 ) ⁇ 100 ( % )
- Exit t/D the shortened designation in Table 1, means the "wall thickness of tube material/outside diameter” at the exit of the mandrel mill, likewise "Circumferential Length Ratio* Wall Thickness Reduction*Last 2Std” denotes the ratio of the inner circumferential length of the tube material to the outer circumferential length of the mandrel mill at the last two stands where the wall thickness reduction process is performed for the tube material, and "Radius Reduction Rate *Sizing Std*Groove Bottom” denotes the radius reduction rate at the groove bottom of the rolling roll in the sizing stand (No. 6 stand).
- the withdrawability as well as the inner surface quality of the tube material on each of Inventive Example Nos. 1 - 16 is scored as Level “3", Level “2", or Level “1", exhibiting that the unsuccessful withdrawal of the mandrel bar and/or the inner surface scratch defects by the mandrel bar after rolling can be effectively controlled according to the present invention.
- the wall thickness eccentricity of the tube material is scored as Level “1” for all of them, confirming that the wall thickness eccentricity is of no issue at all.
- the ratio of the inner circumferential length of the tube material to the outer circumferential length of the mandrel bar is set in the range of 1.10 to 1.17 (Inventive Example Nos. 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 15 and 16)
- the withdrawability is scored as Level "2", exhibiting remarkable effect is obtained.
- the circumferential length ratio in the Comparative Example No. 1 is set to be less than 1.07 (1.05), resulting in poor performance in terms of the withdrawability of the mandrel bar as well as the inner surface quality.
- the circumferential length ratio in the Comparative Example No. 2 is set to be more than 1.17 (1.19), showing satisfactory performance in terms of both the withdrawability of the mandrel bar and the inner surface quality.
- the wall thickness eccentricity exhibits 15% or more (Level "0"), whereby this cannot be applied as the method for manufacturing seamless tubes to be final products.
- the present invention provides a method of manufacturing seamless tubes by a three-roll mandrel mill, wherein the ratio of the inner circumferential length of the tube material to the outer circumferential length of the mandrel bar is set within the range of 1.07 to 1.17 in the last two stands, amongst whole stands that constitute said mandrel mill, in which the tube material is subjected to a wall thickness reduction process, and wherein the unsuccessful withdrawal of the mandrel bar as well as the inner surface scratch defects of the tube material by the mandrel bar can be effectively suppressed without excessively increasing the wall thickness difference in the circumferential direction (the wall thickness eccentricity) after rolling, whereby a commercial operation by said three-roll mandrel mill can be practically performed.
- this can be widely used as the method for manufacturing seamless tubes by a Mannesmann-Mandrel Mill process.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Reduction Rolling/Reduction Stand/Operation Of Reduction Machine (AREA)
- Control Of Metal Rolling (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003348689A JP4103082B2 (ja) | 2003-10-07 | 2003-10-07 | 3ロール式マンドレルミルによる継目無管の製造方法 |
PCT/JP2004/014830 WO2005035154A1 (fr) | 2003-10-07 | 2004-10-07 | Procede de fabrication d'un tube sans soudure par laminage a trois rouleaux |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1679136A1 true EP1679136A1 (fr) | 2006-07-12 |
EP1679136A4 EP1679136A4 (fr) | 2007-08-15 |
EP1679136B1 EP1679136B1 (fr) | 2009-08-12 |
Family
ID=34430978
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04792128A Expired - Fee Related EP1679136B1 (fr) | 2003-10-07 | 2004-10-07 | Procede de fabrication d'un tube sans soudure par laminage a trois rouleaux |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1679136B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4103082B2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN100368102C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE602004022574D1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2309015C1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2005035154A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101568395B (zh) | 2006-10-16 | 2011-11-09 | 住友金属工业株式会社 | 芯棒式无缝管轧机及无缝管的制造方法 |
JP5062522B2 (ja) * | 2007-05-31 | 2012-10-31 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | マンドレルミル及び継目無管の製造方法 |
JP4716206B2 (ja) | 2009-08-11 | 2011-07-06 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 3ロール式マンドレルミルを構成する圧延ロールの圧下位置調整装置及び継目無管の製造方法 |
CN104128372B (zh) * | 2014-07-16 | 2017-07-14 | 陈锦清 | 一种短流程带固定芯棒轧制小直径无缝钢管的工艺与设备 |
CN105013822B (zh) * | 2015-07-08 | 2017-03-08 | 烟台宝钢钢管有限责任公司 | 一种芯棒限动连轧机组轧制厚壁管的短流程方法 |
CN109622904B (zh) * | 2019-02-01 | 2020-06-02 | 东北大学 | 一种实现连铸圆坯凝固过程芯部压下工艺的装置及方法 |
CN112496076B (zh) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-08-12 | 太原理工大学 | 一种内波纹金属复合管的轧制方法 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS58125304A (ja) * | 1982-01-19 | 1983-07-26 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 継目無鋼管の延伸圧延機 |
EP0519705A2 (fr) * | 1991-06-21 | 1992-12-23 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Laminoir à tubes permettant le démandrinage de tubes |
DE19532643A1 (de) * | 1994-09-05 | 1996-03-14 | Sumitomo Metal Ind | Dornwalzanlage und Verfahren zum Herstellen von nahtlosen Rohren |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0747410A (ja) * | 1993-08-09 | 1995-02-21 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | 管の連続延伸圧延装置 |
JPH07214110A (ja) * | 1994-02-08 | 1995-08-15 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | リトラクトマンドレルミルによる圧延方法 |
JP2973851B2 (ja) * | 1995-01-09 | 1999-11-08 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 管の連続圧延方法および3ロールマンドレルミル |
CN2356765Y (zh) * | 1998-12-30 | 2000-01-05 | 宝山钢铁(集团)公司 | 一种三辊减径机轧辊 |
-
2003
- 2003-10-07 JP JP2003348689A patent/JP4103082B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-10-07 WO PCT/JP2004/014830 patent/WO2005035154A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2004-10-07 DE DE602004022574T patent/DE602004022574D1/de active Active
- 2004-10-07 RU RU2006115563/02A patent/RU2309015C1/ru active
- 2004-10-07 EP EP04792128A patent/EP1679136B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-07 CN CNB2004800293581A patent/CN100368102C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS58125304A (ja) * | 1982-01-19 | 1983-07-26 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 継目無鋼管の延伸圧延機 |
EP0519705A2 (fr) * | 1991-06-21 | 1992-12-23 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Laminoir à tubes permettant le démandrinage de tubes |
DE19532643A1 (de) * | 1994-09-05 | 1996-03-14 | Sumitomo Metal Ind | Dornwalzanlage und Verfahren zum Herstellen von nahtlosen Rohren |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of WO2005035154A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE602004022574D1 (de) | 2009-09-24 |
EP1679136B1 (fr) | 2009-08-12 |
CN100368102C (zh) | 2008-02-13 |
WO2005035154A1 (fr) | 2005-04-21 |
EP1679136A4 (fr) | 2007-08-15 |
RU2309015C1 (ru) | 2007-10-27 |
JP4103082B2 (ja) | 2008-06-18 |
JP2005111518A (ja) | 2005-04-28 |
CN1863608A (zh) | 2006-11-15 |
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