EP1657092B1 - Verbundglas und zwischenfolie für verbundglas - Google Patents

Verbundglas und zwischenfolie für verbundglas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1657092B1
EP1657092B1 EP04771871.3A EP04771871A EP1657092B1 EP 1657092 B1 EP1657092 B1 EP 1657092B1 EP 04771871 A EP04771871 A EP 04771871A EP 1657092 B1 EP1657092 B1 EP 1657092B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
interlayer film
elasticity modulus
storage elasticity
frequency
laminated glass
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Application number
EP04771871.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1657092A4 (de
EP1657092A1 (de
Inventor
Juichi Fukatani
Toshio Tada
Tsuyoshi Hasegawa
Masaki Matsudo
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Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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Priority to EP12179837.5A priority Critical patent/EP2522691B1/de
Publication of EP1657092A1 publication Critical patent/EP1657092A1/de
Publication of EP1657092A4 publication Critical patent/EP1657092A4/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10559—Shape of the cross-section
    • B32B17/10568—Shape of the cross-section varying in thickness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10697—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer being cross-linked
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/34—Protecting non-occupants of a vehicle, e.g. pedestrians
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/03—3 layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/006—Transparent parts other than made from inorganic glass, e.g. polycarbonate glazings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/34—Protecting non-occupants of a vehicle, e.g. pedestrians
    • B60R2021/343—Protecting non-occupants of a vehicle, e.g. pedestrians using deformable body panel, bodywork or components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
    • Y10T428/24959—Thickness [relative or absolute] of adhesive layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
    • Y10T428/254—Polymeric or resinous material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
    • Y10T428/256—Heavy metal or aluminum or compound thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y10T428/269—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension including synthetic resin or polymer layer or component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y10T428/31627—Next to aldehyde or ketone condensation product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y10T428/31627—Next to aldehyde or ketone condensation product
    • Y10T428/3163—Next to acetal of polymerized unsaturated alcohol [e.g., formal butyral, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31942—Of aldehyde or ketone condensation product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31942—Of aldehyde or ketone condensation product
    • Y10T428/31946—Next to second aldehyde or ketone condensation product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an interlayer film for laminated glasses, which has the high performance for mitigating the impact given externally and, particularly in the case of using it as glass for vehicles, has the high performance for mitigating the impact when head comes into collision with the glass due to the occurrence of a personal accident.
  • EEVC/WG 17 European Enhanced Vehicle-safety Committee; EEVC/WG 17 has proposed a test for the protections of head as a part of a test for the protections of pedestrian and has proposed a condition that a Head Injury Criteria (HIC) value, which is determined by a method according to this test for the protections of head, does not exceed 1,000 as a performance standard on automobile's safety. Further, an HIC value of 1,000 is a threshold of being seriously injured, and it is said that when the HIC value is higher than 1,000, a probability of survival of a normal human being becomes lower.
  • HIC Head Injury Criteria
  • Front noses of recent automobiles have tendencies to be shortened and in the recent accidents, a location of vehicles with which the head of an adult pedestrian comes into collision is often a windshield other than a hood.
  • laminated glasses are widely employed because less fragments of broken glass shatter even though the laminated glass is impacted externally and broken and therefore the laminated glass is safe.
  • a laminated glass there is given a laminated glass obtained by interposing an interlayer film for laminated glasses, which comprises polyvinyl acetal resin such as polyvinyl butyral resin plasticized with a plasticizer, between at least a pair of glass sheets and unifying them and the like.
  • HIC value of higher than 1,000.
  • HIC value is particularly high in the vicinity of a periphery of the windshield secured to the window's frame and some laminated glasses have an HIC value of higher than 2,000.
  • Such the vicinity of the periphery of the windshield is a location with which the head of an adult pedestrian comes into collision at a high probability in the occurrence of an accident, and a laminated glass having a lower HIC value has been required in order to avoid damages to head in the collision of pedestrian with vehicles.
  • EP-A-0 844 075 teaches the use for the damping of solid vibrations of a laminated glazing constituted by at least one glass sheet and a spacer film, characterised in that the spacer of the laminated glazing has a tan ⁇ loss factor above 0.6 and a shear modulus G' below 2.10 7 N/m 2 , in a temperature range between 10 and 60°C and in a frequency range between 50 and 10,000 Hz.
  • US-A-2002/006504 discloses a laminated glazing material including two glass sheets and a single-ply intermediate layer having the form of a polymer film.
  • US-A-2003/139520 discloses an interlayer film for a laminated glass comprising a plasticizer and a polyacetal resin, which is a blend of a polyacetal resin having an average polymerization degree of 1,000 to 3,000 and a polyacetal resin having an average polymerization degree of 3,000 to 5,000, and which has an acetalization degree of 60 to 85 mol % and an acetyl group content of 8 to 30 mol %.
  • an object of the present invention to provide an interlayer film for laminated glasses, which has the high performance for mitigating the impact given externally and, particularly in the case of using it as glass for vehicles, has the high performance for mitigating the impact when head comes into collision with the glass due to the occurrence of a personal accident.
  • the present invention provides an interlayer film for laminated glass having a three-layer structure, the interlayer film comprising 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl acetal resin and 30 parts by weight or more of a plasticizer; the interlayer film having a storage elasticity modulus G' in a linear dynamic viscoelasticity test, measured with frequencies being varied at 20°C in a range of frequencies of 5.0 x 10 1 to 1.0 x 10 2 Hz, of 3 x 10 7 Pa or lower, the storage elasticity modulus G' at 20°C and a frequency of 5.0 x 10 1 to 1.0 x 10 2 Hz in the middle layer of the three-layer structure being 2 x 10 6 Pa or lower and being at or below a half of the storage elasticity modulus G' at 20°C and a frequency of 5.0 x 10 1 to 1.0 x 10 2 Hz in one or both of the two outer layers, one of the outer layers being at least 1.2 times thicker than the other outer layer.
  • the present invention provides an interlayer film for laminated glass having a three-layer structure, the interlayer film comprising 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl acetal resin and 30 parts by weight or more of a plasticizer; the interlayer film having a storage elasticity modulus G' in a linear dynamic viscoelasticity test, measured with frequencies being varied at 20°C in a range of frequencies of 5.0 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Hz, of 3 ⁇ 10 7 Pa or lower; the storage elasticity modulus G' at 20°C and a frequency of 5.0 x 10 1 to 1.0 x 10 2 Hz of one or both of the outer layers being at or below a half of the storage elasticity modulus G' at 20°C and a frequency of 5.0 x 10 1 to 1.0 x 10 2 Hz of the middle layer, the storage elasticity modulus G' of the middle layer being 1 x 10 7 Pa or higher, one of the outer layers being at least 1.2 times thicker than the other outer layer.
  • the present invention provides an interlayer film for laminated glass having a four or more layer structure, the interlayer film comprising 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl acetal resin and 30 parts by weight or more of a plasticizer; the interlayer film having a storage elasticity modulus G' in a linear dynamic viscoelasticity test, measured with frequencies being varied at 20°C in a range of frequencies of 5.0 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Hz, of 3 ⁇ 10 7 Pa or lower; the storage elasticity modulus G' at 20°C and a frequency of 5.0 x 10 1 to 1.0 x 10 2 Hz of at least one of the inner layers being 2 x 10 6 Pa or lower and being at or below a half of the storage elasticity modulus G' at 20°C and a frequency of 5.0 x 10 1 to 1.0 x 10 2 Hz of one or both of the two outermost layers, one of the outermost layers being at least 1.2 times thicker than the other outermost layer.
  • the present invention provides an interlayer film for laminated glass having a four or more layer structure, the interlayer film comprising 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl acetal resin and 30 parts by weight or more of a plasticizer; the interlayer film having a storage elasticity modulus G' in a linear dynamic viscoelasticity test, measured with frequencies being varied at 20°C in a range of frequencies of 5.0 x 10 1 to 1.0 x 10 2 Hz, of 3 x 10 7 Pa or lower; the storage elasticity modulus G' at 20°C and a frequency of 5.0 x 10 1 to 1.0 x 10 2 Hz in one or both of the two outermost layers being at or below a half of the storage elasticity modulus G' at 20°C and a frequency of 5.0 x 10 1 to 1.0 x 10 2 Hz of at least one of the inner layers, the storage elasticity modulus G' of at least one of the inner layers being 1 ⁇ 10 7 Pa or higher, one of the outermost layers being at least 1.2 times
  • the present invention is concerned with an interlayer film for a laminated glass, such glass having a Head Injury Criteria (HIC) value, measured according to regulations of European Enhanced Vehicle-safety Committee; EEVC/WG 17 (hereinafter, also referred to as an HIC value (EEVC)), of 1,000 or lower.
  • HIC Head Injury Criteria
  • EEVC/WG 17 European Enhanced Vehicle-safety Committee
  • the present invention is concerned with an interlayer film for a laminated glass, such glass having a Head Injury Criteria (HIC) value, measured according to regulations of Economic Commission for Europe; ECE-Regulation No. 43 Annex 3 except for dropping an impactor head from a height of 4 m above the surface of the laminated glass (hereinafter, also referred to as HIC value (ECE)), of 300 or lower.
  • HIC Head Injury Criteria
  • HIC Head Injury Criteria
  • the laminated glass which includes an interlayer film of the present invention has an HIC value (EEVC), measured according to the regulations of EEVC/WG 17, of 1,000 or lower. If the HIC value is higher than 1,000, in the case of using the laminated glass which includes an interlayer film of the present invention as glass for vehicles, it is impossible to avoid damages to head in the collision of pedestrian with vehicles and this causes a probability of survival to decrease.
  • the HIC value is preferably 600 or lower and more preferably 300 or lower.
  • the HIC value is measured by colliding an impactor head at a speed of 11.1 m/s to a central portion of a laminated glass when the laminated glass having a size of 600 mm ⁇ 600 mm is secured to a frame having an opening of 500 mm ⁇ 500 mm.
  • Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing schematically a sample of an HIC value measuring apparatus used in measuring HIC values (EEVC) of the laminated glass which includes an interlayer film of the present invention.
  • EEVC HIC values
  • the HIC value measuring apparatus 10 is mainly composed of a supporting portion 11 in the form of box, provided with a flange portion 12 on which a peripheral portion of a laminated glass is rested at the top end, a securing portion 13 having the approximately same shape as the flange portion 12 and an impactor head 14 having a configuration imitating a human head.
  • the flange portion 12 of the supporting portion 11 and the securing portion 13 are provided with a plurality of through holes (not shown) at the corresponding positions, respectively, and after the laminated glass of which the HIC value is measure is rested on the flange portion 12 and the securing portion 13 is placed on the laminated glass at specified positions, fastening members such as a screw are screwed into the through holes, and thereby the laminated glass can be held and secured at its peripheral portion.
  • an inner radius of the flange portion 12 and the securing portion 13 has a size of 500 mm ⁇ 500 mm.
  • a hemispherical resin head skin is attached to a metal core and an acceleration sensor to measure an acceleration in a triaxial direction is provided at the center within the above core.
  • Such an impactor head 14 is located above the laminated glass held and secured as described above, and the above-mentioned acceleration sensor senses an impact at the moment when colliding the impactor head to the surface of the laminated glass under the conditions described above to measure an HIC value of the laminated glass.
  • a r represents a synthesized acceleration (G) of the impactor head
  • a r represents an acceleration (G) in the direction of travel of the impactor head
  • a F represents an forward and backward acceleration (G) of the impactor head
  • G forward and backward acceleration
  • t 2 - t 1 represents a time span (maximum 0.015 seconds) at which the HIC value is maximized.
  • the HIC value (ECE) measured by dropping an impactor head from a height of 4 m above the surface of the laminated glass according to regulations of ECE-Regulation No. 43 Annex 3, is 300 or lower.
  • the HIC value is preferably 250 or lower.
  • the HIC value is measured by colliding an impactor head at dropping height of 4 m to a central portion of a laminated glass when the laminated glass having a size of 1,100 mm ⁇ 500 mm is secured to a frame having an opening of 1,070 mm ⁇ 470 mm.
  • a collision speed of the impactor head is 8.9 m/s.
  • Fig. 2 is a view showing schematically a sample of an HIC value measuring apparatus used in measuring HIC values (ECE) of the laminated glass which includes an interlayer film of the present invention.
  • the HIC value measuring apparatus is composed of a laminated glass stage 21 having a structure similar to that in HIC values (EECV) described above, an impactor head 22 having a configuration imitating a human head and a guide system 23 to drop the impactor head vertically.
  • EECV HIC values
  • the constitution of the impactor head is described in detail in regulations of ECE-Regulation No. 43 Annex 3, and for example, metal plates are attached to a top and a bottom of a wood constituent body, respectively, and a hemisphere made from polyamide resin is attached as shown in Figure to assemble a pear-like head.
  • An acceleration sensor to measure an acceleration in a triaxial direction is equipped on a base plate and a rubber head skin is attached to the hemisphere made from polyamide resin which is located at the bottom.
  • a weight of the impactor head is 10 kg.
  • the guide system 23 includes a mechanism to carry/detach an impactor head 22 and it is dropped with the mechanism carrying the impactor head 22 from a specified height (4 m in this description). A state of a fall in doing so is observed with an optical sensor 24 and the impactor head 22 is detached from the guide system 23 at the moment when the impactor head 22 passes by a position of the optical sensor. The impactor head detached from the guide system 23 falls freely and comes into collision with a central portion of a laminated glass secured to the support 21 of a laminated glass. An impact in this time is sensed by the above-mentioned acceleration sensor to measure an HIC value (ECE) of the laminated glass.
  • ECE HIC value
  • the HIC value (ECE) can be determined by the above-mentioned equation (1) as with the HIC value (EECV).
  • Both the HIC value (EECV) and the HIC value (ECE) are standards defined by European official agencies.
  • the HIC value (EECV) and the HIC value (ECE) are different from each other in a measuring method and criteria, and it is difficult to make a direct comparison between them.
  • the HIC value (ECE) is 300 or lower is more tough than that the HIC value (EEVC) is 1,000 or lower as a standard. Accordingly, there may be cases where even though a laminated glass can achieve the HIC value (EEVC) of 1,000 or lower, it cannot achieve the HIC value (ECE) of 300 or lower.
  • the laminated glass which includes an interlayer film of the present invention includes both a substance of the HIC value (EEVC) of 1,000 or lower and a substance of the HIC value (ECE) of 300 or lower, it is preferred that the HIC value (ECE) is 300 or lower.
  • a laminated glass which can achieve such a low HIC value is not particularly limited and includes (1) a laminated glass to absorb an impact with a interlayer film for laminated glasses, (2) a laminated glass to absorb an impact by reducing a thickness of a glass portion to readily deform or shatter in collision, and (3) a laminated glass in which by replacing glass on one side (inner side in using the laminated glass as glass for vehicles) of a laminated glass with a resin plate, impact-absorbency of the overall laminated glass is enhanced.
  • An interlayer film for laminated glasses used in this case comprises a plasticizer for interlayer films in an amount 30 parts by weight or more per 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl acetal resin. It is possible to reduce the HIC value of the laminated glass by using the interlayer film for laminated glasses, in which such a large amount of plasticizer for interlayer films is blended.
  • An amount of the plasticizer for interlayer films to be blended is more preferably 40 parts by weight or more, furthermore preferably 45 parts by weight or more, and particularly preferably 60 parts by weight or more.
  • polyvinyl acetal resin is not particularly limited but polyvinyl acetal resin having an acetalization degree of 60 to 85 mol% is suitable.
  • the acetalization degree is more preferably 65 to 80 mol%.
  • the "acetalization degree” refers to an acetalization degree derived by a method of counting two acetalized hydroxyl groups since an acetal group of polyvinyl acetal resin is formed by acetalizing two hydroxyl groups of poly alcohol resin to be a raw material.
  • polyvinyl acetal resin in which a half band width of a peak of a hydroxyl group, obtained in measuring infrared absorption spectra, is 250 cm -1 or less, is suitable.
  • the half band width is more preferably 200 cm -1 or less.
  • a method of producing the above-mentioned polyvinyl acetal resin there are given, for example, a method of dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in hot water, adding an acid catalyst and aldehyde to the obtained aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol while keeping the aqueous solution at 0 to 90°C, preferably 10 to 20°C, allowing an acetalization reaction to proceed while stirring, raising a reaction temperature to 70°C to age the reactant and complete the reaction, and then conducting neutralization, water washing and drying to obtain powder of polyvinyl acetal resin.
  • aldehyde is not limited and includes, for example, aliphatic aldehydes, aromatic aldehydes and alicyclic aldehydes such as propionaldehyde, n-butylaldehyde, iso-butylaldehyde, valeraldehyde, n-hexyl aldehyde, 2-ethylbutyl aldehyde, n-heptyl aldehyde, n-octylaldehyde, n-nonyl aldehyde, n-decyl aldehyde, benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde.
  • aliphatic aldehydes such as propionaldehyde, n-butylaldehyde, iso-butylaldehyde, valeraldehyde, n-hexyl aldehyde, 2-ethylbutyl alde
  • the above-mentioned aldehyde is preferably n-butylaldehyde, n-hexyl aldehyde, 2-ethylbutyl aldehyde and n-octyl aldehyde, having 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
  • N-butylaldehyde having 4 carbon atoms is more preferred since weathering resistance is excellent through use of polyvinyl acetal resin to be obtained and in addition the production of resin becomes easy.
  • These aldehydes may be used alone or in combination of two or more species.
  • the above-mentioned polyvinyl acetal resin may be crosslinked one.
  • crosslinked polyvinyl acetal resin By using crosslinked polyvinyl acetal resin, the bleed-out of a plasticizer for interlayer films can be inhibited.
  • a method of crosslinking the above-mentioned polyvinyl acetal resin there are given, for example, a method of partially crosslinking between molecules with a diacetal bond using dialdehyde such as glutaraldehyde in acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol by aldehyde such as butyl aldehyde; a method in which in an acetalization reaction of polyvinyl alcohol, after reaching at least 90% of intended acetalization degree, an acid catalyst is added to this reactant and the mixture is reacted at 60 to 95°C, and thereby, crosslinking is formed between molecules of polyvinyl acetal with a monobutyral bond; a method of adding a crosslinking agent which is reactive with a hydroxyl group remaining in an obtained polyvinyl acetal resin to cross-link the hydroxyl group; and a method of cross-linking a hydroxyl group remaining in polyvinyl acetal resin by diisocyanate and polyhydric epoxy.
  • dialdehydes such as glyoxal, dialdehydes containing a sulfur atom in a molecular chain, glyoxal-ethylene glycol reactant, polyvinyl alcohol modified with aldehyde at both ends, dialdehyde starch, polyacrolein; methylols such as N-methylolurea, N-methylolmelamine, trimethylolmelamine, hexamethylolmelamine; epoxys such as ⁇ -hydroxyethylsulfonic acid, epichlorohydrin, polyethyleneglycol diglycidyl ether, diglycidyl etherified bisphenol A type epoxy resin, polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, diglycidyl etherified glycerin, polyethylene glycol having three or more g
  • the above-mentioned interlayer film for laminated glasses comprises crosslinked polyvinyl acetal resin
  • the above-mentioned interlayer film for laminated glasses preferably has a thickness of 800 ⁇ m or more. When the thickness is less than 800 ⁇ m, low HIC value may not be adequately attained.
  • plasticizer for interlayer films is not particularly limited as long as it is one generally used in polyvinyl acetal resin and publicly known plasticizers which are generally used as a plasticizer for interlayer films can be used.
  • plasticizer for interlayer films there are given, for example, organic ester type plasticizers such as monobasic acid ester, polybasic acid ester; and phosphoric acid type plasticizers such as organic phosphoric acid type, organic phosphorous acid type.
  • organic ester type plasticizers such as monobasic acid ester, polybasic acid ester
  • phosphoric acid type plasticizers such as organic phosphoric acid type, organic phosphorous acid type.
  • These plasticizers may be used alone or may be used in combination of two or more species and are selectively used depending on the species of the polyvinyl acetal resin in consideration of the compatibility with resins.
  • the above-mentioned monobasic acid ester type plasticizer is not particularly limited and includes, for example, glycol type esters obtained by a reaction between glycol such as triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol or tripropylene glycol and organic acid such as butyric acid, isobutyric acid, capric acid, 2-ethylbutyric acid, heptylic acid, n-oxtylic acid, 2-ethylhexyl acid, pelargonic acid (n-nonylic acid) or decylic acid.
  • glycol such as triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol or tripropylene glycol
  • organic acid such as butyric acid, isobutyric acid, capric acid, 2-ethylbutyric acid, heptylic acid, n-oxtylic acid, 2-ethylhexyl acid, pelargonic acid (n-nonylic acid) or decylic acid.
  • monobasic organic acid esters of triethylene glycol such as triethylene glycol-dicapric acid ester, triethylene glycol-di-2-ethylbutyric acid ester, triethylene glycol-di-n-octylic acid ester, triethylene glycol-di-2-ethylhexyl acid ester.
  • the above-mentioned polybasic acid ester type plasticizer is not particularly limited and includes, for example, ester of polybasic organic acid such as adipic acid, sebacic acid or azelaic acid and straight-chain or branched alcohol having 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
  • ester of polybasic organic acid such as adipic acid, sebacic acid or azelaic acid and straight-chain or branched alcohol having 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
  • dibutyl sebacare, dioctyl azelate, dibutyl carbitol adipate are suitably used.
  • organic ester type plasticizer is not particularly limited but for example, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexoate, triethylene glycol dicaprate, triethylene glycol di-n-2-octoate, triethylene glycol di-n-heptoate, tetraethylene glycol di-n-heptoate, dibutyl sebacare, dioctyl azelate and dibutyl carbitol adipate are suitably used.
  • plasticizer in addition to these, there also can be used, for example, ethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,3-propylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,4-propylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,4-butylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,2-butylene glycol di-2-ethylenebutyrate, diethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexoate, dipropylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylpentoate, tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate and diethylene glycol dicapriate.
  • the above-mentioned phosphoric acid type plasticizer is not particularly limited but for example, tributoxyethyl phosphate, isodecylphenyl phosphate and triisopropyl phosphite are suitable.
  • plasticizer for interlayer films there are particularly suitably used diester type compounds comprising dicarboxylic acid and monohydric alcohol or comprising monocarboxylic acid and dihydric alcohol.
  • interlayer film for laminated glasses a interlayer in which rubber particles are dispersed is suitable.
  • rubber particles When such rubber particles are dispersed, it is possible to absorb an impact as force is applied to the interlayer film for laminated glasses.
  • the above-mentioned rubber particle is not particularly limited but for example, a crosslinked resin of polyvinyl acetal is suitable from the fact that it has a refractive index close to that of surrounding resin and it hardly causes deterioration of the visible transmittance of an interlayer film for laminated glasses to be obtained from the crosslinked resin of polyvinyl acetal.
  • a particle size of the above-mentioned rubber particle is not particularly limited but it is preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or smaller, and an amount of the above-mentioned rubber particles to be blended is not particularly limited but a preferable lower limit is 0.01 parts by weight and a preferable upper limit is 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of resin such as polyvinyl acetal resin.
  • an interlayer film for laminated glasses there are suitably used an interlayer film in which a storage elasticity modulus G' in a linear dynamic viscoelasticity test, which is measured with frequencies varied by a shear method at 20°C in a range of frequencies of 5.0 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Hz, is 3 ⁇ 10 7 Pa or lower; an interlayer film in which tan ⁇ of at least one point is 0.6 or more at 20°C in a range of frequencies of 5.0 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Hz; and an interlayer film in which maximum stress ⁇ , which is derived from a stress-deformation curve at 20°C and a tensile speed of 500%/min, is 20 MPa or smaller and fracture point deformation ⁇ derived similarly of 200% or more.
  • a storage elasticity modulus G' in a linear dynamic viscoelasticity test which is measured with frequencies varied by a shear method at 20°C in a range of frequencies of 5.0 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.0 ⁇ 10
  • the above-mentioned storage elasticity modulus G' is a value representing softness of the interlayer film for laminated glasses. By using an adequately soft interlayer film for laminated glasses, a laminated glass to be obtained becomes low in the HIC value.
  • the HIC value (EEVC) of the laminated glass to be obtained may exceed 1,000 or the HIC value (ECE) may exceed 300.
  • the storage elasticity modulus G' is more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 7 Pa or lower and furthermore preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 6 Pa or lower.
  • a storage elasticity modulus E' in a viscoelasticity test which is measured with frequencies varied by a tensile method at 20°C in a range of frequencies of 5.0 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Hz, is 1.0 ⁇ 10 9 Pa or lower.
  • the above-mentioned storage elasticity modulus E' is also a value representing softness of the interlayer film for laminated glasses.
  • the HIC value (EEVC) of the laminated glass to be obtained may exceed 1,000 or the HIC value (ECE) may exceed 300.
  • the storage elasticity modulus E' is more preferably 0.5 ⁇ 10 9 Pa or lower and furthermore preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 6 Pa or lower.
  • the above-mentioned tan ⁇ is a ratio between a storage elasticity modulus G' measured with frequencies varied by a shear method and a loss modulus G'' (G"/G') and a value showing dynamic viscoelasticity of the interlayer film for laminated glasses, and by extension the absorbency of impact energy.
  • a laminated glass to be obtained becomes low in the HIC value.
  • the HIC value (EEVC) of the laminated glass to be obtained may exceed 1,000 or the HIC value (ECE) may exceed 300.
  • the tan ⁇ is more preferably 0.7 or more.
  • a measuring frequency of the above-mentioned storage elasticity modulus G', storage elasticity modulus E' and tan ⁇ is within a range of 5.0 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Hz, and this represents deformation of 10 to 20 msec and measuring result of a region including a maximum time span, 15 msec, of the HIC value measurement.
  • deformation in a short time span of shorter than 10 msec may become predominant to measurement, but it is possible to analogize easily from measuments in 5.0 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Hz up to the order of 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 to 3.0 ⁇ 10 2 Hz (represent 3.3 to 10 msec).
  • the interlayer film for laminated glasses can absorb impact energy by stretching within 15 msec in collision and a laminated glass using such an interlayer film for laminated glasses becomes low in the HIC value.
  • the above-mentioned maximum stress ⁇ is more preferably 18 MPa or smaller and furthermore preferably 16 MPa or smaller.
  • the above-mentioned fracture point deformation ⁇ is more preferably 300% or more and furthermore preferably 400% or more.
  • a stress-deformation curve of the above-mentioned interlayer film for laminated glasses can be drawn, for example, by stretching a specimen of the interlayer film for laminated glasses at 20°C and a tensile speed of 500%/min with a dumbbell No. 1 using a tension tester according to JIS K 6771 to measure resistance (kg/cm 2 ).
  • the above-mentioned maximum stress ⁇ is a maximum value of the above-mentioned resistance
  • the above-mentioned fracture point deformation ⁇ is a value of the deformation shown at the time of fracture of the above-mentioned specimen.
  • breaking energy U of the above-mentioned interlayer film for laminated glasses is preferably 1.0 J/mm 2 or larger.
  • the breaking energy U can be derived from the stress ⁇ and the deformation ⁇ of the interlayer film for laminated glasses in a tensile test under the above-mentioned conditions using the following equation (2).
  • U ⁇ ⁇ d ⁇
  • the above-mentioned interlayer film for laminated glasses is composed of a multilayer structure (3 or more layers), each layer comprising resin composition in which a plasticizer for interlayer films is contained in an amount 30 parts by weight or more per 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl acetal resin described above.
  • an impactor dropping height measured by an impactor dropping height test is preferably 4 m or higher. When this height is less than 4 m, the resistance to penetrating through glass of the overall laminated glass becomes insufficient and the laminated glass may not be employed as glass for vehicles. This height is more preferably 5 m or higher and furthermore preferably 7 m or higher.
  • the HIC value is reduced through a layer comprising resin composition in which a plasticizer for interlayer films is contained in an amount 30 parts by weight or more per 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl acetal resin and simultaneously the performance such as resistance to penetrating through glass is added through another layers, and therefore one of different functions is compatible with another.
  • the interlayer film for laminated glasses having the multilayer structure will be described in detail by the following descriptions.
  • a storage elasticity modulus G' at 20°C and a frequency of 5.0 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Hz in an intermediate layer is 2 x 10 6 Pa or lower and is at or below a half of a storage elasticity modulus G' at 20°C and a frequency of 5.0 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Hz in one or both of the two outer layers.
  • a storage elasticity modulus G' at 20°C and a frequency of 5.0 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Hz in the intermediate layer is 2 ⁇ 10 6 Pa or lower and a storage elasticity modulus G' at 20°C and a frequency of 5.0 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Hz in one or any of two layers composing the outermost layer is 1 ⁇ 10 7 Pa or higher, and it is furthermore preferred that the intermediate layer has tan ⁇ of 0.7 or more at 20°C and a frequency of 5.0 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Hz.
  • a thickness of the above-mentioned intermediate layer is 10% or higher of a total thickness of the interlayer film for laminated glasses.
  • this thickness is lower than 10% of the total thickness of the interlayer film for laminated glasses, it may be impossible to realize a low HIC value. It is more preferably 14% or higher and furthermore preferably 20% or higher.
  • the low HIC value is compatible with the resistance to penetrating through glass, and further it is possible to develop the performance such as resistance to blocking between the interlayer films for laminated glasses.
  • a storage elasticity modulus G' at 20°C and a frequency of 5.0 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Hz in at least one layer of an intermediate layer is 2 x 10 6 Pa or lower and is at or below a half of a storage elasticity modulus G' at 20°C and a frequency of 5.0 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Hz in one or any of two layers composing the outermost layer.
  • a storage elasticity modulus G' at 20°C and a frequency of 5.0 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Hz in the above-mentioned intermediate layer is 2 ⁇ 10 6 Pa or lower and a storage elasticity modulus G' at 20°C and a frequency of 5.0 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Hz in one or any of two layers composing the outermost layer is 1 ⁇ 10 7 Pa or higher, and it is furthermore preferred that tan ⁇ of the intermediate layer, in which the storage elasticity modulus G' is 2 ⁇ 10 6 Pa or lower, at 20°C and a frequency of 5.0 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Hz is 0.7 or more.
  • a thickness of the above-mentioned intermediate layer, in which the storage elasticity modulus G' is 2 ⁇ 10 6 Pa or lower is 10% or higher of a total thickness of the interlayer film for laminated glasses.
  • this thickness is lower than 10% of the total thickness of the interlayer film for laminated glasses, it may be impossible to realize a low HIC value. It is more preferably 14% or higher and furthermore preferably 20% or higher.
  • one of the outermost layers is at least 1.2 times thicker than the other outermost layer.
  • one of the outermost layers is at least 1.5 or more times thicker than the other outermost layer, and more preferably 2.0 or more times thicker.
  • the low HIC value is compatible with the resistance to penetrating through glass.
  • a storage elasticity modulus G' at 20°C and a frequency of 5.0 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Hz in one or any of two layers composing the outermost layer is at or below a half of a storage elasticity modulus G' at 20°C and a frequency of 5.0 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Hz in an intermediate layer, the storage elasticity modulus G' of the intermediate layer being 1 x 10 7 Pa or higher.
  • a storage elasticity modulus G' at 20°C and a frequency of 5.0 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Hz in one or any of two layers composing the outermost layer is 2 ⁇ 10 6 Pa or lower and a storage elasticity modulus G' at 20°C and a frequency of 5.0 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Hz in the intermediate layer is 1 ⁇ 10 7 Pa or higher, and it is furthermore preferred that tan ⁇ of one or any of two layers composing the outermost layer at 20°C and a frequency of 5.0 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Hz is 0.7 or more.
  • a total thickness of the above-mentioned outermost layer is 10% or higher of a total thickness of the interlayer film for laminated glasses.
  • this thickness is lower than 10% of the total thickness of the interlayer film for laminated glasses, it may be impossible to realize a low HIC value. It is more preferably 14% or higher and furthermore preferably 20% or higher.
  • the low HIC value is compatible with the resistance to penetrating through glass.
  • a storage elasticity modulus G' at 20°C and a frequency of 5.0 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Hz in one or any of two layers composing the outermost layer is at or below a half of a storage elasticity modulus G' at 20°C and a frequency of 5.0 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Hz in at least one layer of layers composing an intermediate layer, the storage elasticity modulus G' of at least one of the inner layers being 1 x 10 7 Pa or higher.
  • a storage elasticity modulus G' at 20°C and a frequency of 5.0 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Hz in one or any of two layers composing the outermost layer is 2 ⁇ 10 6 Pa or lower and a storage elasticity modulus G' at 20°C and a frequency of 5.0 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Hz in the intermediate layer is 1 ⁇ 10 7 Pa or higher, and it is furthermore preferred that one or any of two layers composing the outermost layer has tan ⁇ of 0.7 or more of at 20°C and a frequency of 5.0 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Hz.
  • a total thickness of the outermost layer is 10% or higher of a total thickness of the interlayer film for laminated glasses.
  • this thickness is lower than 10% of the total thickness of the interlayer film for laminated glasses, it may be impossible to realize a low HIC value. It is more preferably 14% or higher and furthermore preferably 20% or higher.
  • one of the outermost layers is at least 1.2 times thicker than the other outermost layer.
  • one of the outermost layers is at least 1.5 or more times thicker than the other outermost layer, and more preferably 2.0 or more times thicker.
  • the low HIC value is compatible with the resistance to penetrating through glass.
  • the respective resin layers composing the above-mentioned interlayer film for laminated glasses of the multilayer structure preferably have different adhesion in order to realize the above constitution, and for example in the case where the respective resin layers comprise mainly polyvinyl acetal resin, it is conceivable to use a combination of layers in which the content of a plasticizer in each layer is different from each other by an amount of 5 or more parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl acetal; the respective resin layers comprise resins having different compositions such as the layer comprise polyethylene terephthalate film and polyvinyl acetal resin; amounts of adhesion control agents blended into the respective resin layers are different; and the respective resin layers have different acetalization degrees.
  • the above-mentioned adhesion control agent is not particularly limited and by containing metal salt of carboxylate having 2 to 6 carbon atoms in the above-mentioned resin layer, it is possible to adjust adhesion of an interlayer film for laminated glasses to a glass sheet in a desired range and simultaneously to protect the secular degradation of adhesion and protection of whitening is compatible with protection of secular degradation of adhesion.
  • metal salt of carboxylic acid there are given, for example, metal salt of pentanoate (5 carbon atoms), metal salt of hexanoate (2-ethyl butanoate) (6 carbon atoms), metal salt of heptanoate (7 carbon atoms), and metal salt of octanoate (8 carbon atoms). These may be used alone or may be used in combination of two or more species. And, the above-mentioned carboxylic acid may be a straight-chain type or a side-chain type.
  • Thickness of the above-mentioned interlayer film for laminated glasses is not particularly limited but a preferable lower limit is 300 ⁇ m and a preferable upper limit is 3 mm. A more preferable lower limit is 500 ⁇ m and a more preferable upper limit is 2 mm.
  • embossing may be applied to the surface of a layer to contact with glass.
  • adhesion of an interlayer film for laminated glasses to a glass sheet can be adjusted in a desired range.
  • the above-mentioned interlayer film for laminated glasses is preferably one in which a break of 10 mm or longer in length is generated when measuring the above HIC value (EEVC) or the above HIC value (ECE). Since generation of the break requires more energy than stretching, by breaking, it is possible to absorb energy of the impactor head and reduce the HIC value.
  • the break is not in the form of a line but a plurality of breaks or a branched break is generated, the total length of breaks is preferably 10 mm or longer. More preferable length of the break is 20 mm or longer, and furthermore preferably 50 mm or longer.
  • a method of attaining such an interlayer film for laminated glasses is not particularly limited and includes a method of appropriately adjusting breaking tensile strength, breaking extension rate, breaking energy, etc. of the interlayer film for laminated glasses and in addition providing slits to facilitate the occurrence of break or weak portions such as a thin portion in part of the interlayer film for laminated glasses.
  • a method of producing an interlayer film for laminated glasses is not particularly limited and includes, for example, a method in which resin component such as polyvinyl acetal resin described above, a plasticizer and other additive as required are blended and mixed uniformly and then a film is formed in sheet form by conventional methods publicly known such as extrusion process, calendar process, press process, casting process and film blowing process.
  • a method of producing an interlayer film for laminated glasses, having a multilayer structure is not particularly limited and includes, for example, a method in which resin component such as polyvinyl acetal resin described above, a plasticizer and other additive as required are blended and mixed uniformly and then the respective layer are extruded together, and a method of laminating two or more resin films prepared by the above-mentioned method by press process or laminate process.
  • the not-yet-laminated resin film to be used in the method of laminating by press process or laminate process is a multilayer structure (3 or more layers).
  • a method of fabricating the laminated glass which includes an interlayer film of the present invention is not particularly limited and a publicly known method of fabricating laminated glasses can be employed.
  • the laminated glass which includes an interlayer film of the present invention has a constitution in which a interlayer film for laminated glasses is sandwiched between two glass sheets, it can be fabricated by sandwiching the above interlayer film for laminated glasses between two glass sheets, putting this in a rubber bag, bonding preliminarily two glass sheets to each other at 70 to 110°C while evacuating under reduced pressure and then using an autoclave or pressing to bond two glass sheets to each other in earnest at about 120 to 150°C and a pressure of about 10 to 15 kg/cm 2 .
  • a method of interposing an interlayer film for laminated glasses comprising polyvinyl butyral resin plasticized, between at least a pair of glass sheets, and deaerating by vacuum aspiration and simultaneously attaching the glasses to each other by heat and pressure at 60 to 100°C may be employed.
  • the fabrication of the laminated glass which includes an interlayer film of the present invention is implemented by putting a laminate of a glass sheet/an interlayer film/a glass sheet in a rubber bag and attaching two glass sheets to each other by heat and pressure at a temperature of about 60 to 100°C and a pressure of about 1 to 10 kg/cm 2 for 10 to 30 minutes, for example, in an autoclave while aspirating and deaerating under a reduced pressure of about -500 to -700 mmHg to perform deaeration and adhesion simultaneously.
  • adhesion between the interlayer film for laminated glasses and the glass sheet can be adjusted so as to fall within desired proper limits by keeping the temperature in attaching glasses to each other by heat and pressure within a range of 60 to 100°C and appropriately setting various conditions such as a pressure for attaching by pressure, a time for attaching by pressure and a vacuum in deaerating by aspiration within a range of the extent described above.
  • the laminated glass which includes an interlayer film of the present invention has an HIC value (EEVC) of 1,000 or lower or an HIC value (ECE) of 300 or lower, it becomes one which have the high performance for mitigating the impact given externally and, particularly in the case of using it as glass for vehicles, have the high performance for mitigating the impact when head comes into collision with the glass due to the occurrence of a personal accident.
  • EEVC HIC value
  • ECE HIC value
  • electromagnetic wave shielding performance in frequencies of 0.1 to 26.5 GHz is 10 dB or less, haze is 1% or lower, visible transmittance is 70% or higher, and solar radiation transmittance in a wavelength region of 300 nm to 2,100 nm is 85% or lower of visible transmittance.
  • solar radiation transmittance in a wavelength region of 300 nm to 2,100 nm is preferably 80% or lower of visible transmittance.
  • the laminated glass of which includes an interlayer film the present invention satisfying such conditions satisfies the performance of protecting pedestrians by the low HIC value and simultaneously allows an amount of heat rays from solar radiation reaching the vehicle's interior to decrease, and therefore a temperature rise within interior of the automobile can be suppressed and a comfortable interior space can be realized.
  • the laminated glass which includes an interlayer film of the present invention since the laminated glass which includes an interlayer film of the present invention has the electromagnetic wave transparency in a frequency band of 0.1 to 26.5 GHz, it can transmit electromagnetic wave in a frequency band required for information communication such as 3.5 MHz band and 7 MHz band of amateur radio, a frequency band of 10 MHz or lower of emergency communication, 2.5 GHz of VICS (the Vehicle Information Communication System), 5.8 GHz of ETC (Electronic Toll Collections) and 12 GHz of satellite broadcasting without problems.
  • VICS Vehicle Information Communication System
  • ETC Electronic Toll Collections
  • Polyvinyl acetal resin of at least one layer of the multilayer structure may contain metal oxide particles having a function of screening out heat rays.
  • the above-mentioned particles of metal oxide is not particularly limited but for example, tin-doped indium oxide and/or antimony-doped tin oxide is suitable.
  • the above-mentioned tin-doped indium oxide and/or antimony-doped tin oxide has an average diameter of secondary particles formed by flocculation of 80 nm or smaller and is dispersed in polyvinyl acetal resin in such a way that a secondary particle formed by flocculation of 100 nm or larger in diameter has a density of 1 particle/ ⁇ m 2 or less in polyvinyl acetal resin.
  • a preferable lower limit is 0.05 parts by weight and a preferable upper limit is 5.0 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl acetal resin in all layers.
  • a preferable upper limit is 5.0 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl acetal resin in all layers.
  • an interlayer film for laminated glasses which have the high performance for mitigating the impact given externally and, particularly in the case of using it as glass for vehicles, have the high performance for mitigating the impact when head comes into collision with the glass due to the occurrence of a personal accident.
  • polyvinyl butyral resin an acetalization degree 68.0 mole%, a proportion of a vinyl acetate component 0.6 mole%), in which a half band width of a peak, obtained in measuring infrared absorption spectra, corresponding to a hydroxyl group is 245 cm -1 , and 38 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO) as a plasticizer were mixed, and the mixture was adequately melted and kneaded with a mixing roller and then was formed at 150°C for 30 minutes with a press forming machine to obtain a resin film having a thickness of 800 ⁇ m and this film was employed as an interlayer film for laminated glasses.
  • polyvinyl butyral resin an acetalization degree 68.0 mole%, a proportion of a vinyl acetate component 0.6 mole%
  • 3GO triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate
  • the resulting interlayer film for laminated glasses was sandwiched between two clear float glasses of 2 mm in thickness and this was put in a rubber bag and deaerated at a vacuum of 2,660 Pa for 20 minutes, and then this was moved into an oven in a state of being deaerated and subjected to vacuum press while being further retained at 90°C for 30 minutes.
  • a laminated glass formed preliminarily by thus attaching the float glass to each other by applying pressure was subjected to attaching by pressure under the conditions of 135°C and a pressure of 118 N/cm 2 for 20 minutes in an autoclave to obtain a laminated glass.
  • the obtained interlayer film for laminated glasses and laminated glass were evaluated according to the following methods.
  • HIC value (EEVC) of the laminated glass was measured using an apparatus for measuring HIC having a structure shown in Fig. 1 .
  • the laminated glass is rated as acceptance (o), and when the HIC value is higher than 1,000, it is rated as inacceptance (x).
  • An HIC value (ECE) of the laminated glass was measured by dropping an impactor head from a height of 4 m above the surface of the laminated glass and allowing the impactor to collide against the laminated glass using an apparatus for measuring HIC having a structure shown in Fig. 2 .
  • the interlayer film for laminated glass was processed into a dumbbell No. 1 (according to JIS K 6771) specimen and stretched at a tensile speed of 500%/min using a tension tester and breaking tensile strength (kg/cm 2 ) was measured at a measuring temperature of 20°C.
  • a stress ⁇ (MPa) - deformation ⁇ (%) curve was determined from the obtained data.
  • 500%/min means a speed of moving the distance 5 times longer than that between chucks of a specimen per 1 minute.
  • Shear viscoelasticity in the range of 50 to 100 Hz was measured at 20°C using a dynamic viscoelasticity measuring apparatus (apparatus; DVA-200, manufacturer; IT Keisoku Seigyo Co., Ltd.), and a maximum value of storage elasticity modulus obtained in measuring is taken as G' (max) and a minimum value is taken as G' (min) and a maximum value of tan ⁇ obtained in measuring is taken as tan 8 (max).
  • the obtained interlayer film for laminated glasses and laminated glass were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the obtained interlayer film for laminated glasses and laminated glass were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • a storage elasticity modulus G' and tan ⁇ of the obtained resin films were measured by the method described above.
  • the resulting resin film (2) was sandwiched between two resin films (1) and these films were attached to each other by heat and pressure by conducting heating press to obtain an interlayer film for laminated glasses having a three-layers structure.
  • Fig. 3 there is shown a schematic view showing a constitution of the obtained interlayer film for laminated glasses.
  • the obtained interlayer film for laminated glasses and laminated glass were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • a storage elasticity modulus G' and tan ⁇ of the obtained resin films were measured by the method described above.
  • the resulting resin film (4) was sandwiched between two resin films (3) and these films were attached to each other by heat and pressure by conducting heating press to obtain an interlayer film for laminated glasses having a three-layers structure.
  • Fig. 4 there is shown a schematic view showing a constitution of the obtained interlayer film for laminated glasses.
  • the obtained interlayer film for laminated glasses and laminated glass were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • a storage elasticity modulus G' and tan ⁇ of the obtained resin films were measured by the method described above.
  • Fig. 5 there is shown a schematic view showing a constitution of the obtained interlayer film for laminated glasses.
  • the obtained interlayer film for laminated glasses and laminated glass were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • a storage elasticity modulus G' and tan ⁇ of the obtained resin films were measured by the method described above.
  • Example 5 The resin film (4) obtained in Example 5 was sandwiched between the obtained resin film (7) and the obtained resin film (8) and these films were attached to each other by heat and pressure by conducting heating press to obtain an interlayer film for laminated glasses having a three-layers structure.
  • Fig. 6 there is shown a schematic view showing a constitution of the obtained interlayer film for laminated glasses.
  • the obtained interlayer film for laminated glasses and laminated glass were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • an HIC value (EEVC) and an HIC value (ECE) were measured by colliding an impactor head to the surface of glass bonded to the side of the resin film (8).
  • Example 7 The resin film (7) obtained in Example 7 was sandwiched between two resin films (2) obtained in Example 3, and these films were attached to each other by heat and pressure by conducting heating press to obtain an interlayer film for laminated glasses having a three-layers structure.
  • Fig. 8 there is shown a schematic view showing a constitution of the obtained interlayer film for laminated glasses.
  • the obtained interlayer film for laminated glasses and laminated glass were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • Example 7 The resin film (7) obtained in Example 7 was sandwiched between the resin film (2) obtained in Example 4 and the resin film (5) obtained in Example 6, and these films were attached to each other by heat and pressure by conducting heating press to obtain an interlayer film for laminated glasses having a three-layers structure.
  • Fig. 9 there is shown a schematic view showing a constitution of the obtained interlayer film for laminated glasses.
  • the obtained interlayer film for laminated glasses and laminated glass were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • an HIC value (EEVC) and an HIC value (ECE) were measured by colliding an impactor head for measuring HIC to the surface of glass bonded to the side of the resin film (5).
  • an interlayer film for laminated glasses which have the high performance for mitigating the impact given externally and, particularly in the case of using it as glass for vehicles, have the high performance for mitigating the impact when head comes into collision with the glass due to the occurrence of a personal accident.

Claims (18)

  1. Zwischenfolie für Laminatglas mit einer Dreischichtstruktur, wobei die Zwischenfolie 100 Gew.-Teile Polyvinylacetalharz und 30 Gew.-Teile oder mehr eines Plastifiziermittels umfasst;
    wobei die Zwischenfolie ein Speicher-Elastizitätsmodul G' in einem linearen dynamischen Viskoelastizitätstest, gemessen mit Frequenzen, die bei 20°C im Bereich der Frequenzen von 5,0 × 101 bis 1,0 × 102 Hz variiert werden, von 3 × 107 Pa oder kleiner aufweist,
    worin das Speicher-Elastizitätsmodul G' bei 20°C und einer Frequenz von 5,0 × 101 bis 1,0 × 102 Hz in der mittleren Schicht der Dreischichtstruktur 2,0 × 106 Pa oder kleiner beträgt und die Hälfte oder weniger des Speicher-Elastizitätsmoduls G' bei 20°C und einer Frequenz von 5,0 × 101 bis 1,0 × 102 Hz in einer oder beiden der zwei äußeren Schichten beträgt,
    wobei eine der äußeren Schichten mindestens 1,2-fach dicker ist als die andere äußere Schicht.
  2. Zwischenfolie gemäß Anspruch 1, worin das Speicher-Elastizitätsmodul G' bei 20°C und einer Frequenz von 5,0 × 101 bis 1,0 × 102 Hz in einer oder beiden der zwei äußeren Schichten 1,0 × 107 Pa oder höher beträgt.
  3. Zwischenfolie gemäß Anspruch 2, worin die Zwischenschicht einen tan δ-Wert von 0,7 oder mehr bei 20°C und einer Frequenz von 5,0 × 101 bis 1,0 × 102 Hz aufweist.
  4. Zwischenfolie gemäß irgendeinem vorhergehenden Anspruch, worin die Dicke der mittleren Schicht 10 % oder mehr der Gesamtdicke der Zwischenfolie beträgt.
  5. Zwischenfolie für Laminatglas mit einer Dreischichtstruktur, wobei die Zwischenfolie 100 Gew.-Teile Polyvinylacetalharz und 30 Gew.-Teile oder mehr eines Plastifiziermittels umfasst;
    wobei die Zwischenfolie ein Speicher-Elastizitätsmodul G' in einem linearen dynamischen Viskoelastizitätstest, gemessen mit Frequenzen, die bei 20°C im Bereich der Frequenzen von 5,0 × 101 bis 1,0 × 102 Hz variiert werden, von 3,0 × 107 Pa oder kleiner aufweist;
    wobei das Speicher-Elastizitätsmodul G' bei 20°C und einer Frequenz von 5,0 × 101 bis 1,0 × 102 Hz von einer oder beider der äußeren Schichten die Hälfte oder weniger des Speicher-Elastizitätsmoduls G' bei 20°C und einer Frequenz von 5,0 × 101 bis 1,0 × 102 Hz der mittleren Schicht beträgt, wobei das Speicher-Elastizitätsmodul G' der mittleren Schicht 1,0 × 107 Pa oder höher ist,
    wobei eine der äußeren Schichten mindestens 1,2-fach dicker ist als die andere äußere Schicht.
  6. Zwischenfolie gemäß Anspruch 5, worin das Speicher-Elastizitätsmodul G' bei 20°C und einer Frequenz von 5,0 × 101 bis 1,0 × 102 Hz von einer oder beider der äußeren Schichten 2,0 × 106 Pa oder kleiner ist.
  7. Zwischenfolie gemäß Anspruch 6, worin der tan δ-Wert bei 20°C und einer Frequenz von 5,0 × 101 bis 1,0 × 102 Hz von einer oder beider der zwei äußersten Schichten 0,7 oder mehr beträgt.
  8. Zwischenfolie gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, worin die Gesamtdicke der äußersten Schichten 10 % oder mehr der Gesamtdicke der Zwischenfolie ausmacht.
  9. Zwischenfolie für Laminatglas mit einer Vier- oder Mehrschichtstruktur, wobei die Zwischenfolie 100 Gew.-Teile Polyvinylacetalharz und 30 Gew.-Teile oder mehr eines Plastifiziermittels umfasst;
    wobei die Zwischenfolie ein Speicher-Elastizitätsmodul G' in einem linearen dynamischen Viskoelastizitätstest, gemessen mit Frequenzen, die bei 20°C im Bereich der Frequenzen von 5,0 × 101 bis 1,0 × 102 Hz variiert werden, von 3 × 107 Pa oder kleiner aufweist;
    wobei das Speicher-Elastizitätsmodul G' bei 20°C und einer Frequenz von 5,0 × 101 bis 1,0 ×102 Hz von zumindest einer der inneren Schichten 2 × 106 Pa oder niedriger ist und wobei es die Hälfte oder weniger des Speicher-Elastizitätsmoduls G' bei 20°C und einer Frequenz von 5,0 × 101 bis 1,0 × 102 Hz von einer oder beider der zwei äußersten Schichten beträgt,
    wobei eine der äußersten Schichten zumindest 1,2-fach dicker ist als die andere äußerste Schicht.
  10. Zwischenfolie gemäß Anspruch 9, worin das Speicher-Elastizitätsmodul G' bei 20°C und einer Frequenz von 5,0 × 101 bis 1,0 × 102 Hz von einer oder beiden der äußersten Schichten 1,0 × 107 Pa oder größer beträgt.
  11. Zwischenfolie gemäß Anspruch 10, worin die innere Schicht mit einem Speicher-Elastizitätsmodul G' von 2 × 106 Pa oder kleiner einen tan δ-Wert von 0,7 oder größer bei 20°C und einer Frequenz 5,0 × 101 bis 1,0 × 102 Hz aufweist.
  12. Zwischenfolie gemäß Anspruch 10 oder Anspruch 11, worin die Gesamtdicke der inneren Schicht mit einem Speicher-Elastizitätsmodul G' von 2 × 106 Pa oder niedriger 10 % oder mehr der Gesamtdicke der Zwischenfolie ausmacht.
  13. Zwischenfolie für Laminatglas mit einer Vier- oder Mehrschichtstruktur, wobei die Zwischenfolie 100 Gew.-Teile Polyvinylacetalharz und 30 Gew.-Teile oder mehr eines Plastifiziermittels umfasst;
    wobei die Zwischenfolie ein Speicher-Elastizitätsmodul G' in einem linearen dynamischen Viskoelastizitätstest, gemessen mit Frequenzen, die bei 20°C im Bereich der Frequenzen von 5,0 × 101 bis 1,0 × 102 Hz variiert werden, von 3,0 × 107 Pa oder kleiner aufweist;
    wobei das Speicher-Elastizitätsmodul G' bei 20°C und einer Frequenz von 5,0 × 101 bis 1,0 × 102 Hz in einer oder beider der zwei äußersten Schichten die Hälfte oder weniger des Speicher-Elastizitätsmoduls G' bei 20°C und einer Frequenz von 5,0 × 101 bis 1,0 × 102 Hz von zumindest einer der inneren Schichten beträgt, wobei das Speicher-Elastizitätsmodul G' von mindestens einer der inneren Schichten 1 × 107 Pa oder höher beträgt,
    wobei eine der äußersten Schichten mindestens 1,2-fach dicker ist als die andere äußere Schicht.
  14. Zwischenfolie gemäß Anspruch 13, worin das Speicher-Elastizitätsmoduls G' bei 20°C und einer Frequenz von 5,0 × 101 bis 1,0 × 102 Hz in einer oder beiden der zwei äußersten Schichten 2 × 106 Pa oder niedriger beträgt.
  15. Zwischenfolie gemäß Anspruch 14, worin der tan δ-Wert bei 20°C und einer Frequenz von 5,0 × 101 bis 1,0 × 102 Hz von einer oder beider der zwei äußersten Schichten 0,7 oder mehr beträgt.
  16. Zwischenfolie gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 13 bis 15, worin die Gesamtdicke der äußersten Schichten 10 % oder mehr der Gesamtdicke der Zwischenfolie ausmacht.
  17. Zwischenfolie für Laminatglas gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1, 5, 9 oder 13, worin das Polyvinylacetalharz von zumindest einer Schicht Metalloxidpartikel zum Ausfiltern von Wärmestrahlen umfasst.
  18. Zwischenfolie gemäß Anspruch 17, worin die Metalloxidpartikel Zinn-dotiertes Indiumoxid und/oder Antimon-dotiertes Zinnoxid sind.
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US7732042B2 (en) 2010-06-08
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CA2532029A1 (en) 2005-03-03
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