Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
  • H02J7/1438—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle in combination with power supplies for loads other than batteries
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
  • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
  • B60L3/003—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to inverters
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
  • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
  • B60L3/0061—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electrical machines
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
  • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
  • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
  • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
  • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
  • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
  • F02N11/14—Starting of engines by means of electric starters with external current supply
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
  • H02J7/1423—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with multiple batteries
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L2210/00—Converter types
  • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
  • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
  • F02D2041/2003—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils using means for creating a boost voltage, i.e. generation or use of a voltage higher than the battery voltage, e.g. to speed up injector opening
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
  • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
  • F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
  • F02D2041/2051—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit using voltage control
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F02D2400/00—Control systems adapted for specific engine types; Special features of engine control systems not otherwise provided for; Power supply, connectors or cabling for engine control systems
  • F02D2400/16—Adaptation of engine control systems to a different battery voltages, e.g. for using high voltage batteries
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
  • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
  • F02N11/087—Details of the switching means in starting circuits, e.g. relays or electronic switches
  • F02N2011/0877—Details of the switching means in starting circuits, e.g. relays or electronic switches said switch being used as a series-parallel switch, e.g. to switch circuit elements from series to parallel connection
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a two-voltage electrical system according to the preamble of claim 1.
• the power supply in motor vehicles has conventionally usually been carried out with the aid of a single battery charged by a generator.
• one battery is sufficient for the voltage supply, e.g. to ensure the start sometimes no longer off, so that two separate batteries are used.
• One battery is usually assigned to the starter and the other to the rest of the vehicle electrical system. For emergency operation, it is also possible to switch to the other battery to enable starting even when the battery is very discharged.
• a two-battery electrical system which has a circuit arrangement which lies between the two batteries, namely an electrical system or consumer and a starter battery and can connect them to one another. If the consumer battery is discharged too much, a relay opens a connection between the consumer battery and start-relevant consumers and a semiconductor switch is switched such that the entire power supply is taken over as emergency operation for the start-relevant consumers from the starter battery.
• DE 196 45 944 AI discloses an electrical system with at least two batteries that can be charged by a generator disclosed, which serve to supply different consumers.
• An onboard power supply control unit opens or closes a connection between the two batteries, one of which is primarily intended to supply the starter, while the second serves to supply the other consumers. If the voltage level of one of the two batteries falls below a predeterminable value, an emergency operation can be carried out in which the starter battery can be charged from the other battery via a DC voltage converter to the extent that a restart is guaranteed.
• DE 196 28 222 AI discloses the two-battery electrical system in a motor vehicle, in which an electrical system control device is arranged between the batteries and a battery is primarily used to supply the starter.
• the on-board electrical system control unit comprises an on-board electrical system module which carries out the required switching processes and has a further connection via which the on-board electrical system components required for starting and operation can be supplied with voltage.
• These on-board electrical system components are given the highest priority and are also supplied when the supply battery is discharged from the starter battery, but this ensures that the other on-board electrical system components are not connected to the starter battery during the starting process.
• an on-board electrical system which has an energy supply part 11 with two series-connected batteries B1, B2 for supplying energy to consumers vl to Vn, and a switching device 21 with at least one relay-operated switch 31 and an electronic switching control device 61.
• the switchover control device 61 switches the consumers VI to Vn from the potential of the first battery Bl by comparison with a fixed voltage limit when the first battery Bl falls below this voltage limit the total residual voltage potential of both batteries Bl, B2 by corresponding Current supply to / from the / the / the switch 61 relay 61.
• Fig. 2 the structure of this conventional electrical system is shown.
• DE 38 12 577 AI discloses an electrical system for a motor vehicle in which the voltage supply is carried out with the aid of two generators and two batteries which are connected in series.
• the nominal voltage of the first generator or the first battery is different from the nominal voltage of the second generator or the second battery, so that a total of three different voltages can be tapped at the series connection of the two batteries.
• optimal charging of the two batteries is possible even when the electrical system load is uneven.
• voltage-sensitive components for example for the ignition and / or injection, are connected to one battery and the starter to the other battery with the higher voltage, as a result of which a voltage drop at the start does not disturb the voltage-sensitive components.
• DE 102 08 981 AI a vehicle with two electrical systems and two batteries of different voltages is known. Each electrical system has a battery assigned to it.
• two intelligent power distributors with power management are provided for the various consumers, which monitor the entire electrical system including the battery and process the input and output current and the state of charge of both networks for the respective electrical system using the power management.
• DE 101 00 888 AI discloses an electrical system that has at least two batteries that can be charged by a generator and that are used to supply a first and a second consumer.
• a DC voltage converter can optionally be used to generate one of several DC voltages. The DC voltage generated in each case is made available for charging the second battery.
• a two-voltage on-board electrical system and a two-battery on-board electrical system can be created at the same time in a cost-effective and space-saving manner using, for example, two conventional 12 V batteries.
• This also allows the advantages of the two-voltage electrical system to be realized simultaneously with those of the two-battery electrical system in a single electrical system.
• the two-battery electrical system significantly increases the availability of the vehicle in the event of a battery failure.
• the two batteries can be optimized for their application.
• the simultaneous realization of a two- Voltage electrical system in the two-battery electrical system possible to also operate powerful consumers.
• the use of a bidirectional DC / DC converter enables energy to be exchanged between the starter battery and the on-board electrical system battery and / or an emergency start can be implemented by connecting both batteries in parallel.
• a 14V / 28V emergency power supply is available and possible for a defective generator or a defective DC / DC converter via the battery.
• the vehicle electrical system voltage is stabilized during the starting process.
• Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the 14V / 28V electrical system according to the invention.
• Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a conventional two-battery electrical system, in which the two batteries are connected in series, as disclosed for example in DE 90 07 412 UI.
• An on-board power supply of, for example, 28V is required to operate comfort and / or large-scale consumers, such as an air conditioning system, heaters, etc., which are only required when driving. Only in exceptional cases, depending on the charge level of the batteries and activated DC / DC converter also possible when standing. However, only 14V is present on this distribution during the start process, which means that an undervoltage resistance or a switch-off of the switched-on consumers is required.
• an on-board power supply of 14V for example, is required for all stand consumers, the lighting, the radio, all information or I-board electronics and the motor.
• S denotes a starter that requires an on-board electrical system voltage of, for example, 14V
• G a generator that generates an on-board electrical system voltage of 28V
• 1 a direct voltage / direct voltage or DC / DC converter
• BS a starter battery
• BB a On-board power supply battery
• U a start changeover device
• 2 a control device
• ZS an ignition switch
• SS a starter switch, which is closed when the starter is actuated.
• the starter S and the generator G are connected to a first connection of the control device 2.
• first and second control lines ALI, AL2 lead from the control device 2 to the starter S and generator G.
• the on-board electrical system battery BB is connected with its one connection to ground and with the other connection to a first connection of the start changeover device U.
• the second connection of the start switching device U is connected to a connection of the starter battery BS.
• the other connection of the starter battery BS is also connected to the first connection of the control device 2.
• This series connection of the on-board electrical system battery BS, the start switching device U and the starter battery BS is arranged parallel to the starter S between the generator G.
• the start changeover device U is connected to the control device 2 via a third control line AL3.
• the connection of the on-board electrical system battery BB connected to the switching device U is also connected to a second connection of the control device 2 and a first connection of the DC / DC converter 1.
• This DC / DC converter 1 is connected with a second connection to the first connection of the control device 2, while a third connection of the -DC / DC converter 1 is connected to ground.
• the DC / DC converter 1- is controlled via a fourth control line AL4 of the control device 2.
• the control device 2 is via further control lines AL5.
• AL6 is connected to an ignition switch ZS and a starter switch SS, via which the control device 2 receives information as to whether an ignition switch ZS or a start switch SS has been actuated.
• the control device 2 of the two-voltage electrical system receives input signals from detection devices, which supply information about the operating states of the batteries BB and BS and the motor with the generator G. In accordance with these input signals, the control device 2 controls the DC / DC converter 1 and the switching device U.
• the generator G has a battery detection and is for the charging process of the starter battery BS and the series switched on-board electrical system battery BB designed.
• the charge balancing for the starter battery BS takes place via the 14V on-board electrical system, that for the BB electrical system battery via the DC / DC converter 1.
• the DC / DC converter 1 is a bidirectional DC / DC converter and thereby enables an energy exchange between the starter and the on-board electrical system battery BS, BB.
• the control by the control device 2 is designed such that, in the event of an emergency start, both batteries BS, BB. Likewise, if a defect in the generator or the DC / DC converter is detected from the input signals from the detection devices, the start changeover device U can be controlled by the control device 2 in such a way that an emergency operation supply takes place only via the battery.
• the start switching device U When the ignition is switched off, i.e. When the ignition switch ZS is open, the start switching device U is not activated and the batteries BS and BB are connected in series. Quiescent current consumers are then supplied with energy by the on-board electrical system battery BB. 24V consumers are only supplied by the on-board electrical system battery BB in exceptional cases. However, depending on the state of charge of the on-board network and the starter battery BB and BS, charging compensation is possible via the DC / DC converter.
• the power supply for the control device 2 is generally provided by the on-board electrical system battery BB, but is also possible by the starter battery BS.
• the control device 2 When the ignition is switched on, ie the ignition switch ZS is closed, the voltage levels of the vehicle electrical system and the starter battery BB and BS are evaluated in the control device 2. Depending on the need, the DC / DC converter is switched to standby as a starting aid or only switched to standby for a second attempt to start. If about that Start switch SS is started, the control device 2 first activates the start changeover device U and the series connection of the batteries BB and BS is opened; if necessary, a start aid is provided via the DC / DC converter 1. A voltage changeover from 28V to 14V is recognized by the control device 2 via the supply line and the actuation of the starter S is carried out via the control line ALI.
• the control device 2 After withdrawing, ie switching off the start switch SS or recognizing the engine running via the control line AL2 (D + signal), the control device 2 no longer controls the start changeover device U and the batteries BB and BS are connected in series.
• the on-board power supply with 14V and 28V is available.
• both voltages are available in the stationary state and in driving operation with the exception of the starting process.
• the separate on-board electrical system and starter battery BB and BS increase the availability of the vehicle, since if one battery fails, the energy for emergency operation can be supplied by the other battery.
• the on-board electrical system according to the invention is inexpensive since large series parts of the conventional 14 V on-board electrical system can be used. Therefore, in the preferred embodiment, two conventional 12V batteries are used as the on-board electrical system and starter battery BB and BS. For large consumers with longer supply lines, the series connection of the on-board electrical system and the starter battery BB and BS provides a voltage of 28V.
• the present invention discloses a two-voltage electrical system in which a two-battery electrical system is integrated.
• two conventional vehicle batteries are used, which are usually operated in series. Through the series connection, the supply voltage for the vehicle electrical system with higher voltage is obtained for high-performance consumers.
• both batteries namely a starter battery BS and an on-board electrical system battery BB, are connected in parallel. In the event of a defective generator G or DC / DC converter 1, an emergency power supply from the battery is possible.
• the changeover of a start changeover device U which is arranged in the connection between the starter battery BS and the on-board electrical system battery BB, is carried out by a control device 2, the input signals from detection devices on the starter S, generator G, DC / DC converter 1, the Starter battery BS, the vehicle electrical system battery BB and an ignition switch ZS and a starter switch SS and adapts the control accordingly.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Control Of Charge By Means Of Generators (AREA)
• Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (1)

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• 2003
  • 2003-02-05 DE DE10304764A patent/DE10304764B3/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2004
  • 2004-01-16 EP EP04702660A patent/EP1590206A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2004-01-16 JP JP2006501553A patent/JP2006516500A/ja active Pending
  • 2004-01-16 US US10/544,530 patent/US7180205B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2004-01-16 WO PCT/EP2004/000287 patent/WO2004069600A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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