EP1590206A1 - Dual-voltage vehicle electric system - Google Patents

Dual-voltage vehicle electric system

Info

Publication number
EP1590206A1
EP1590206A1 EP04702660A EP04702660A EP1590206A1 EP 1590206 A1 EP1590206 A1 EP 1590206A1 EP 04702660 A EP04702660 A EP 04702660A EP 04702660 A EP04702660 A EP 04702660A EP 1590206 A1 EP1590206 A1 EP 1590206A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
battery
electrical system
starter
voltage
connection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04702660A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Heinz Wirdel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mercedes Benz Group AG
Original Assignee
DaimlerChrysler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DaimlerChrysler AG filed Critical DaimlerChrysler AG
Publication of EP1590206A1 publication Critical patent/EP1590206A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1438—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle in combination with power supplies for loads other than batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/003—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to inverters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0061—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electrical machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/14—Starting of engines by means of electric starters with external current supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1423—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with multiple batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/2003—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils using means for creating a boost voltage, i.e. generation or use of a voltage higher than the battery voltage, e.g. to speed up injector opening
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
    • F02D2041/2051—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit using voltage control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2400/00—Control systems adapted for specific engine types; Special features of engine control systems not otherwise provided for; Power supply, connectors or cabling for engine control systems
    • F02D2400/16—Adaptation of engine control systems to a different battery voltages, e.g. for using high voltage batteries
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/087—Details of the switching means in starting circuits, e.g. relays or electronic switches
    • F02N2011/0877—Details of the switching means in starting circuits, e.g. relays or electronic switches said switch being used as a series-parallel switch, e.g. to switch circuit elements from series to parallel connection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a two-voltage electrical system according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the power supply in motor vehicles has conventionally usually been carried out with the aid of a single battery charged by a generator.
  • one battery is sufficient for the voltage supply, e.g. to ensure the start sometimes no longer off, so that two separate batteries are used.
  • One battery is usually assigned to the starter and the other to the rest of the vehicle electrical system. For emergency operation, it is also possible to switch to the other battery to enable starting even when the battery is very discharged.
  • a two-battery electrical system which has a circuit arrangement which lies between the two batteries, namely an electrical system or consumer and a starter battery and can connect them to one another. If the consumer battery is discharged too much, a relay opens a connection between the consumer battery and start-relevant consumers and a semiconductor switch is switched such that the entire power supply is taken over as emergency operation for the start-relevant consumers from the starter battery.
  • DE 196 45 944 AI discloses an electrical system with at least two batteries that can be charged by a generator disclosed, which serve to supply different consumers.
  • An onboard power supply control unit opens or closes a connection between the two batteries, one of which is primarily intended to supply the starter, while the second serves to supply the other consumers. If the voltage level of one of the two batteries falls below a predeterminable value, an emergency operation can be carried out in which the starter battery can be charged from the other battery via a DC voltage converter to the extent that a restart is guaranteed.
  • DE 196 28 222 AI discloses the two-battery electrical system in a motor vehicle, in which an electrical system control device is arranged between the batteries and a battery is primarily used to supply the starter.
  • the on-board electrical system control unit comprises an on-board electrical system module which carries out the required switching processes and has a further connection via which the on-board electrical system components required for starting and operation can be supplied with voltage.
  • These on-board electrical system components are given the highest priority and are also supplied when the supply battery is discharged from the starter battery, but this ensures that the other on-board electrical system components are not connected to the starter battery during the starting process.
  • an on-board electrical system which has an energy supply part 11 with two series-connected batteries B1, B2 for supplying energy to consumers vl to Vn, and a switching device 21 with at least one relay-operated switch 31 and an electronic switching control device 61.
  • the switchover control device 61 switches the consumers VI to Vn from the potential of the first battery Bl by comparison with a fixed voltage limit when the first battery Bl falls below this voltage limit the total residual voltage potential of both batteries Bl, B2 by corresponding Current supply to / from the / the / the switch 61 relay 61.
  • Fig. 2 the structure of this conventional electrical system is shown.
  • DE 38 12 577 AI discloses an electrical system for a motor vehicle in which the voltage supply is carried out with the aid of two generators and two batteries which are connected in series.
  • the nominal voltage of the first generator or the first battery is different from the nominal voltage of the second generator or the second battery, so that a total of three different voltages can be tapped at the series connection of the two batteries.
  • optimal charging of the two batteries is possible even when the electrical system load is uneven.
  • voltage-sensitive components for example for the ignition and / or injection, are connected to one battery and the starter to the other battery with the higher voltage, as a result of which a voltage drop at the start does not disturb the voltage-sensitive components.
  • DE 102 08 981 AI a vehicle with two electrical systems and two batteries of different voltages is known. Each electrical system has a battery assigned to it.
  • two intelligent power distributors with power management are provided for the various consumers, which monitor the entire electrical system including the battery and process the input and output current and the state of charge of both networks for the respective electrical system using the power management.
  • DE 101 00 888 AI discloses an electrical system that has at least two batteries that can be charged by a generator and that are used to supply a first and a second consumer.
  • a DC voltage converter can optionally be used to generate one of several DC voltages. The DC voltage generated in each case is made available for charging the second battery.
  • a two-voltage on-board electrical system and a two-battery on-board electrical system can be created at the same time in a cost-effective and space-saving manner using, for example, two conventional 12 V batteries.
  • This also allows the advantages of the two-voltage electrical system to be realized simultaneously with those of the two-battery electrical system in a single electrical system.
  • the two-battery electrical system significantly increases the availability of the vehicle in the event of a battery failure.
  • the two batteries can be optimized for their application.
  • the simultaneous realization of a two- Voltage electrical system in the two-battery electrical system possible to also operate powerful consumers.
  • the use of a bidirectional DC / DC converter enables energy to be exchanged between the starter battery and the on-board electrical system battery and / or an emergency start can be implemented by connecting both batteries in parallel.
  • a 14V / 28V emergency power supply is available and possible for a defective generator or a defective DC / DC converter via the battery.
  • the vehicle electrical system voltage is stabilized during the starting process.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the 14V / 28V electrical system according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a conventional two-battery electrical system, in which the two batteries are connected in series, as disclosed for example in DE 90 07 412 UI.
  • An on-board power supply of, for example, 28V is required to operate comfort and / or large-scale consumers, such as an air conditioning system, heaters, etc., which are only required when driving. Only in exceptional cases, depending on the charge level of the batteries and activated DC / DC converter also possible when standing. However, only 14V is present on this distribution during the start process, which means that an undervoltage resistance or a switch-off of the switched-on consumers is required.
  • an on-board power supply of 14V for example, is required for all stand consumers, the lighting, the radio, all information or I-board electronics and the motor.
  • S denotes a starter that requires an on-board electrical system voltage of, for example, 14V
  • G a generator that generates an on-board electrical system voltage of 28V
  • 1 a direct voltage / direct voltage or DC / DC converter
  • BS a starter battery
  • BB a On-board power supply battery
  • U a start changeover device
  • 2 a control device
  • ZS an ignition switch
  • SS a starter switch, which is closed when the starter is actuated.
  • the starter S and the generator G are connected to a first connection of the control device 2.
  • first and second control lines ALI, AL2 lead from the control device 2 to the starter S and generator G.
  • the on-board electrical system battery BB is connected with its one connection to ground and with the other connection to a first connection of the start changeover device U.
  • the second connection of the start switching device U is connected to a connection of the starter battery BS.
  • the other connection of the starter battery BS is also connected to the first connection of the control device 2.
  • This series connection of the on-board electrical system battery BS, the start switching device U and the starter battery BS is arranged parallel to the starter S between the generator G.
  • the start changeover device U is connected to the control device 2 via a third control line AL3.
  • the connection of the on-board electrical system battery BB connected to the switching device U is also connected to a second connection of the control device 2 and a first connection of the DC / DC converter 1.
  • This DC / DC converter 1 is connected with a second connection to the first connection of the control device 2, while a third connection of the -DC / DC converter 1 is connected to ground.
  • the DC / DC converter 1- is controlled via a fourth control line AL4 of the control device 2.
  • the control device 2 is via further control lines AL5.
  • AL6 is connected to an ignition switch ZS and a starter switch SS, via which the control device 2 receives information as to whether an ignition switch ZS or a start switch SS has been actuated.
  • the control device 2 of the two-voltage electrical system receives input signals from detection devices, which supply information about the operating states of the batteries BB and BS and the motor with the generator G. In accordance with these input signals, the control device 2 controls the DC / DC converter 1 and the switching device U.
  • the generator G has a battery detection and is for the charging process of the starter battery BS and the series switched on-board electrical system battery BB designed.
  • the charge balancing for the starter battery BS takes place via the 14V on-board electrical system, that for the BB electrical system battery via the DC / DC converter 1.
  • the DC / DC converter 1 is a bidirectional DC / DC converter and thereby enables an energy exchange between the starter and the on-board electrical system battery BS, BB.
  • the control by the control device 2 is designed such that, in the event of an emergency start, both batteries BS, BB. Likewise, if a defect in the generator or the DC / DC converter is detected from the input signals from the detection devices, the start changeover device U can be controlled by the control device 2 in such a way that an emergency operation supply takes place only via the battery.
  • the start switching device U When the ignition is switched off, i.e. When the ignition switch ZS is open, the start switching device U is not activated and the batteries BS and BB are connected in series. Quiescent current consumers are then supplied with energy by the on-board electrical system battery BB. 24V consumers are only supplied by the on-board electrical system battery BB in exceptional cases. However, depending on the state of charge of the on-board network and the starter battery BB and BS, charging compensation is possible via the DC / DC converter.
  • the power supply for the control device 2 is generally provided by the on-board electrical system battery BB, but is also possible by the starter battery BS.
  • the control device 2 When the ignition is switched on, ie the ignition switch ZS is closed, the voltage levels of the vehicle electrical system and the starter battery BB and BS are evaluated in the control device 2. Depending on the need, the DC / DC converter is switched to standby as a starting aid or only switched to standby for a second attempt to start. If about that Start switch SS is started, the control device 2 first activates the start changeover device U and the series connection of the batteries BB and BS is opened; if necessary, a start aid is provided via the DC / DC converter 1. A voltage changeover from 28V to 14V is recognized by the control device 2 via the supply line and the actuation of the starter S is carried out via the control line ALI.
  • the control device 2 After withdrawing, ie switching off the start switch SS or recognizing the engine running via the control line AL2 (D + signal), the control device 2 no longer controls the start changeover device U and the batteries BB and BS are connected in series.
  • the on-board power supply with 14V and 28V is available.
  • both voltages are available in the stationary state and in driving operation with the exception of the starting process.
  • the separate on-board electrical system and starter battery BB and BS increase the availability of the vehicle, since if one battery fails, the energy for emergency operation can be supplied by the other battery.
  • the on-board electrical system according to the invention is inexpensive since large series parts of the conventional 14 V on-board electrical system can be used. Therefore, in the preferred embodiment, two conventional 12V batteries are used as the on-board electrical system and starter battery BB and BS. For large consumers with longer supply lines, the series connection of the on-board electrical system and the starter battery BB and BS provides a voltage of 28V.
  • the present invention discloses a two-voltage electrical system in which a two-battery electrical system is integrated.
  • two conventional vehicle batteries are used, which are usually operated in series. Through the series connection, the supply voltage for the vehicle electrical system with higher voltage is obtained for high-performance consumers.
  • both batteries namely a starter battery BS and an on-board electrical system battery BB, are connected in parallel. In the event of a defective generator G or DC / DC converter 1, an emergency power supply from the battery is possible.
  • the changeover of a start changeover device U which is arranged in the connection between the starter battery BS and the on-board electrical system battery BB, is carried out by a control device 2, the input signals from detection devices on the starter S, generator G, DC / DC converter 1, the Starter battery BS, the vehicle electrical system battery BB and an ignition switch ZS and a starter switch SS and adapts the control accordingly.

Abstract

The invention relates to a dual-voltage vehicle electric system, which uses two conventional batteries (BB, BS) that are usually connected in series for use. The series connection allows the supply voltage for the vehicle electric system to be maintained with a higher voltage for high-performance consumers. To achieve an emergency start, both batteries, i.e. a starter battery (BS) and a vehicle electric system battery (BB) are connected in parallel. If a generator (G) or DC/DC converter (1) is defective, a supply for emergency operation can be provided by the battery. The commutation of a starter commutation device (U), which is located in the link between the starter battery (BS) and the vehicle electric system battery (BB) occurs by means of a control unit (2), which receives input signals from detection devices on the starter (S), generator (G), DC/DC converter (1), starter battery (BS), vehicle electric system battery (BB) in addition to an ignition switch (ZS) and a starter switch (SS) and adapts the control process accordingly.

Description

Zwei-Spannungs-Bordnetz Two-voltage vehicle electrical system
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Zwei-Spannungs- Bordnetz nach dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1.The present invention relates to a two-voltage electrical system according to the preamble of claim 1.
Die Spannungsversorgung in Kraftfahrzeuge wurde herkömmlich üblicherweise mit Hilfe einer einzigen, von einem Generator aufgeladenen Batterie durchgeführt. In modernen Kraftfahrzeugen mit einer Vielzahl von elektrischen Verbrauchern reicht eine Batterie zur Spannungsversorgung, z.B. zur Sicherstellung des Starts teilweise nicht mehr aus, so dass zwei getrennte Batterien verwendet werden. Hierbei wird eine Batterie in der Regel dem Starter zugeordnet und die andere dem übrigen Bordnetz. Für einen Notbetrieb ist auch eine Umschaltung auf die jeweils andere Batterie möglich, um einen Start auch bei einer stark entladenen Batterie zu ermöglichen.The power supply in motor vehicles has conventionally usually been carried out with the aid of a single battery charged by a generator. In modern motor vehicles with a large number of electrical consumers, one battery is sufficient for the voltage supply, e.g. to ensure the start sometimes no longer off, so that two separate batteries are used. One battery is usually assigned to the starter and the other to the rest of the vehicle electrical system. For emergency operation, it is also possible to switch to the other battery to enable starting even when the battery is very discharged.
Beispielsweise ist aus der DE 198 13 369 AI ein Zwei-Batterie- Bordnetz bekannt, das eine Schaltungsanordnung aufweist, die zwischen den beiden Batterien, nämlich einer Bordnetz- bzw. Verbraucher- und einer Starterbatterie liegt und diese miteinander verbinden kann. Wenn die Verbraucherbatterie zu stark entladen wird, öffnet ein Relais eine Verbindung zwischen der Verbraucherbatterie und startrelevanten Verbrauchern und ein Halbleiterschalter wird derart geschaltet, dass die gesamte Spannungsversorgung als Notbetrieb für die startrelevanten Verbraucher aus der Starterbatterie übernommen wird.For example, from DE 198 13 369 AI a two-battery electrical system is known, which has a circuit arrangement which lies between the two batteries, namely an electrical system or consumer and a starter battery and can connect them to one another. If the consumer battery is discharged too much, a relay opens a connection between the consumer battery and start-relevant consumers and a semiconductor switch is switched such that the entire power supply is taken over as emergency operation for the start-relevant consumers from the starter battery.
Weiterhin ist in der DE 196 45 944 AI offenbart ein Bordnetz mit wenigstens zwei von einem Generator aufladbaren Batterien offenbart, die zur Versorgung verschiedener Verbraucher dienen. Ein Bordnetzsteuergerät öffnet bzw. schließt eine Verbindung zwischen den beiden Batterien, von denen eine überwiegend zur Versorgung des Starters vorgesehen ist, während die zweite zur Versorgung der übrigen Verbraucher dient. Wenn das Spannungsniveau einer der beiden Batterien einen vorgebbaren Wert unterschreitet, kann ein Notbetrieb durchgeführt werden, bei dem die Starterbatterie aus der anderen Batterie über einen Gleichspannungswandler soweit geladen werden kann, dass ein Neustart gewährleistet ist.Furthermore, DE 196 45 944 AI discloses an electrical system with at least two batteries that can be charged by a generator disclosed, which serve to supply different consumers. An onboard power supply control unit opens or closes a connection between the two batteries, one of which is primarily intended to supply the starter, while the second serves to supply the other consumers. If the voltage level of one of the two batteries falls below a predeterminable value, an emergency operation can be carried out in which the starter battery can be charged from the other battery via a DC voltage converter to the extent that a restart is guaranteed.
Die DE 196 28 222 AI offenbart die Zwei-Batterie-Bordnetz in einem Kraftfahrzeug, bei dem zwischen den Batterien ein Bordnetzsteuergerät angeordnet ist und eine Batterie primär zur Versorgung es Starters verwendet wird. Das Bordnetzsteuergerät umfasst ein Bordnetzmodul, das die erforderlichen Umschaltvorgänge durchführt und weist einen weiteren Anschluss auf, über den start- und betriebsnotwendige Bordnetzkomponenten mit Spannung versorgt werden können. Diese Bordnetzkomponenten werden mit höchster Priorität versorgt und bei einer zu stärken Entladung der Versorgungsbatterie von der Startbatterie mitversorgt, wobei jedoch sichergestellt wird, dass während des Startvorgangs die übrigen Bordnetzkomponenten nicht mit der Startbatterie verbunden sind.DE 196 28 222 AI discloses the two-battery electrical system in a motor vehicle, in which an electrical system control device is arranged between the batteries and a battery is primarily used to supply the starter. The on-board electrical system control unit comprises an on-board electrical system module which carries out the required switching processes and has a further connection via which the on-board electrical system components required for starting and operation can be supplied with voltage. These on-board electrical system components are given the highest priority and are also supplied when the supply battery is discharged from the starter battery, but this ensures that the other on-board electrical system components are not connected to the starter battery during the starting process.
Aus der DE 90 07 413 UI ist zudem ein Bordnetz bekannt, das ein Energieversorgungsteil 11 mit zwei in Reihe geschalteten Batterien Bl, B2 zur Energieversorgung von Verbrauchern vl bis Vn sowie eine Umschalteinrichtung 21 mit wenigstens einem relaisbetätigten Umschalter 31 und eine elektronische Umschaltsteuereinrichtung 61 aufweist. Die Umschaltsteuereinrichtung 61 steuert auf der Basis des ihr zugeführten Spannungspotentials einer oder beider Batterie (n) Bl, B2 durch Vergleich mit einem festgelegten Spannungsgrenzwert bei Absinken der ersten Batterie Bl unter diesen Spannungsgrenzwert ein Umschalten der Verbraucher VI bis Vn vom Potential der ersten Batterie Bl auf das Gesamt- restspannungspotential beider Batterien Bl, B2 durch entspre- chende Bestromung eines/von den/die Umschalter 61 betätigenden Relais 71. In Fig. 2 ist der Aufbau dieses herkömmlichen Bordnetzes gezeigt.From DE 90 07 413 UI an on-board electrical system is also known, which has an energy supply part 11 with two series-connected batteries B1, B2 for supplying energy to consumers vl to Vn, and a switching device 21 with at least one relay-operated switch 31 and an electronic switching control device 61. On the basis of the voltage potential supplied to one or both battery (s) Bl, B2, the switchover control device 61 switches the consumers VI to Vn from the potential of the first battery Bl by comparison with a fixed voltage limit when the first battery Bl falls below this voltage limit the total residual voltage potential of both batteries Bl, B2 by corresponding Current supply to / from the / the / the switch 61 relay 61. In Fig. 2, the structure of this conventional electrical system is shown.
Jedoch erfolgt bei derartigen Systeme eine Umschaltung auf die Starterbatterie als Hil sbatterie nur bei einer Unterschreitung eines Spannungsgrenzwerts der Bordnetzbatterie. Zudem ist nur eine Betriebsspannung für das Bordnetz verfügbar. Jedoch erfordern zukünftig im Bordnetz zu verwendende Hochleistungsverbraucher ein höheres Spannungsniveau als die herkömmlich im Bordnetz vorhandenen Verbraucher.However, in such systems, a switch to the starter battery as auxiliary battery takes place only when the voltage of the on-board electrical system battery falls below a threshold value. In addition, only one operating voltage is available for the vehicle electrical system. However, high-performance consumers to be used in the on-board electrical system in the future will require a higher voltage level than the consumers conventionally present in the on-board electrical system.
Die DE 38 12 577 AI offenbart beispielsweise ein Bordnetz für ein Kraftfahrzeug, in dem die Spannungsversorgung mit Hilfe zweier Generatoren sowie zweier Batterien, die in Serie geschaltet sind, erfolgt. Die Nennspannung des ersten Generators bzw. der ersten Batterie ist von der Nennspannung des zweiten Generators bzw. der zweiten Batterie verschieden, so dass an der Serienschaltung der beiden Batterien insgesamt drei verschiedene Spannungen abgegriffen werden können. Durch den Einsatz der zwei Generatoren wird auch bei ungleichmäßiger Bordnetzbelastung eine optimale Ladung der beiden Batterien möglich. Zudem werden beispielsweise spannungsempfindliche Bauteile,- beispielsweise für die Zündung und/oder Einspritzung an der einen Batterie und der Starter an der anderen Batterie mit der höheren Spannung angeschlossen, wodurch ein Spannungseinbruch beim Start die spannungsempfindlichen Bauteile nicht stört.DE 38 12 577 AI, for example, discloses an electrical system for a motor vehicle in which the voltage supply is carried out with the aid of two generators and two batteries which are connected in series. The nominal voltage of the first generator or the first battery is different from the nominal voltage of the second generator or the second battery, so that a total of three different voltages can be tapped at the series connection of the two batteries. By using the two generators, optimal charging of the two batteries is possible even when the electrical system load is uneven. In addition, voltage-sensitive components, for example for the ignition and / or injection, are connected to one battery and the starter to the other battery with the higher voltage, as a result of which a voltage drop at the start does not disturb the voltage-sensitive components.
Weiterhin ist aus der DE 102 08 981 AI ein Fahrzeug mit zwei Bordnetzen und zwei Batterien unterschiedlicher Spannungsstärke bekannt. Dabei besitzt jedes Bordnetz ihm zugeordnete Batterie. Außerdem sind zwei intelligente Stromverteiler mit Powermanagement für die verschiedenen Verbraucher vorgesehen, die das gesamte Bordnetz einschließlich der Batterie überwachen und für das jeweilige Bordnetz den Ein- und Ausgangsstrom und den Ladezustand beider Netze mittels des Powermanagements verarbeiten. Schließlich offenbart die DE 101 00 888 AI ein Bordnetz, das wenigstens zwei von einem Generator aufladbare Batterien aufweist, die zur Versorgung eines ersten und eines zweiten Verbrauchers dienen. Durch einen Gleichspannungswandler kann wahlweise eine von mehreren Gleichspannungen erzeugt werden. Die jeweils generierte Gleichspannung wird zur Ladung der zweiten Batterie zur Verfügung gestellt.Furthermore, from DE 102 08 981 AI a vehicle with two electrical systems and two batteries of different voltages is known. Each electrical system has a battery assigned to it. In addition, two intelligent power distributors with power management are provided for the various consumers, which monitor the entire electrical system including the battery and process the input and output current and the state of charge of both networks for the respective electrical system using the power management. Finally, DE 101 00 888 AI discloses an electrical system that has at least two batteries that can be charged by a generator and that are used to supply a first and a second consumer. A DC voltage converter can optionally be used to generate one of several DC voltages. The DC voltage generated in each case is made available for charging the second battery.
Jedoch benötigen diese Zwei-Spannungs-Bordnetze immer mindestens zwei Batterien mit verschiedener Spannung. Daher ist zumindest eine Batterie mit einer Spannung höher als bei herkömmlichen Fahrzeugbatterien erforderlich, die mehr Bauraum benötigt und höhere Kosten verursacht.However, these two-voltage electrical systems always require at least two batteries with different voltages. Therefore, at least one battery with a voltage higher than that of conventional vehicle batteries is required, which requires more installation space and causes higher costs.
Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Zwei-Spannungs- Bordnetz zu schaffen, das mit kostengünstigen herkömmlichen Komponenten und mit möglichst geringem Bauraumaufwand aufgebaut werden kann und gleichzeitig die gesteigerte Verfügbarkeit eines Zwei-Batterien-Bordnetzes aufweist und notstart- und notlauffähig ist.It is an object of the present invention to provide a two-voltage electrical system which can be constructed using inexpensive conventional components and with the least possible installation space and at the same time has the increased availability of a two-battery electrical system and is capable of emergency starting and emergency operation.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch ein Zwei-Spannungs- Bordnetz mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 1 gelöst. In den Unteransprüchen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung angegeben.According to the invention, this object is achieved by a two-voltage electrical system with the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.
Auf diese Weise kann kostengünstig und Einbauplatz sparend mit beispielsweise zwei herkömmlichen 12V-Batterien gleichzeitig ein Zwei-Spannungs-Bordnetz als auch ein Zwei-Batterie-Bordnetz erstellt werden. Dadurch können außerdem die Vorteile des Zwei- Spannungs-Bordnetzes mit denen des Zwei-Batterie-Bordnetzes in einem einzigen Bordnetz gleichzeitig realisiert werden.In this way, a two-voltage on-board electrical system and a two-battery on-board electrical system can be created at the same time in a cost-effective and space-saving manner using, for example, two conventional 12 V batteries. This also allows the advantages of the two-voltage electrical system to be realized simultaneously with those of the two-battery electrical system in a single electrical system.
Das Zwei-Batterie-Bordnetz erhöht die Verfügbarkeit des Fahrzeugs bei Ausfall einer Batterie deutlich. Zudem können die zwei Batterien für ihre Anwendung optimiert werden. Außerdem ist es durch die gleichzeitige Realisierung eines Zwei- Spannungs-Bordnetzes in dem Zwei-Batterie-Bordnetz möglich, auch leistungsstarke Verbraucher zu betreiben. Weiterhin ist durch die Verwendung eines bidirektionalen DC/DC-Wandlers ein Energieaustausch zwischen Starter- und Bordnetzbatterie möglich und/oder durch eine Parallelschaltung beider Batterien ein Notstart realisierbar. Zudem ist eine NotlaufVersorgung 14V/28V bei einem defekten Generator oder einem defekten DC/DC-Wandler über die Batterie vorhanden und möglich. Schließlich ist die Bordnetzspannung bei Startvorgang stabilisiert.The two-battery electrical system significantly increases the availability of the vehicle in the event of a battery failure. In addition, the two batteries can be optimized for their application. In addition, the simultaneous realization of a two- Voltage electrical system in the two-battery electrical system possible to also operate powerful consumers. Furthermore, the use of a bidirectional DC / DC converter enables energy to be exchanged between the starter battery and the on-board electrical system battery and / or an emergency start can be implemented by connecting both batteries in parallel. In addition, a 14V / 28V emergency power supply is available and possible for a defective generator or a defective DC / DC converter via the battery. Finally, the vehicle electrical system voltage is stabilized during the starting process.
Diese und weitere Aufgaben, Merkmale und Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung werden aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung offensichtlich.These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment in conjunction with the drawing.
Es zeigen:Show it:
Fig. 1 ein Blockschaltbild des erfindungsgemäßen 14V/28V- Bordnetzes undFig. 1 is a block diagram of the 14V / 28V electrical system according to the invention and
Fig. 2 ein Blockschaltbild einer herkömmlichen Zwei-Batterie- Bordnetzes, in dem die zwei Batterien in Reihe geschaltet sind-, wie beispielsweise in der DE 90 07 412 UI offenbart.Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a conventional two-battery electrical system, in which the two batteries are connected in series, as disclosed for example in DE 90 07 412 UI.
Im Folgenden wird nun ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Zwei-Spannungs-Bordnetzes gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung genauer beschrieben.A preferred exemplary embodiment of a two-voltage electrical system according to the present invention will now be described in more detail below.
Zunächst wird jedoch kurz auf die Kernproblematik eingegangen, die durch das erfindungsgemäße Zwei-Spannungs-Bordnetz gelöst wird.First, however, the core problem that is solved by the two-voltage electrical system according to the invention is briefly discussed.
Eine Bordnetzeinspeisung von beispielsweise 28V ist zum Betreiben von Komfort- und/oder Großverbrauchern, wie beispielsweise einer Klimaanlage, Heizungen, usw. erforderlich, die nur im Fahrbetrieb benötigt werden. Nur in Ausnahmefällen ist je nach Ladezustand der Batterien und aktiviertem DC/DC-Wandler ein Be- trieb auch im Stand möglich. Jedoch liegen während des Startvorgangs auf dieser Verteilung nur 14V an, wodurch eine Unterspannungsfestigkeit oder eine Abschaltung der eingeschalteten Verbraucher erforderlich ist.An on-board power supply of, for example, 28V is required to operate comfort and / or large-scale consumers, such as an air conditioning system, heaters, etc., which are only required when driving. Only in exceptional cases, depending on the charge level of the batteries and activated DC / DC converter also possible when standing. However, only 14V is present on this distribution during the start process, which means that an undervoltage resistance or a switch-off of the switched-on consumers is required.
Eine Bordnetzeinspeisung von beispielsweise 14V ist hingegen für alle Standverbraucher, die Beleuchtung, das Radio, alle In- formations- bzw. I-Tafel-Elektroniken sowie den Motor erforderlich.On the other hand, an on-board power supply of 14V, for example, is required for all stand consumers, the lighting, the radio, all information or I-board electronics and the motor.
Bisher wurde . über Zwei-Spannungs-Bordnetze nachgedacht, die zumindest zwei verschieden hohe Spannungen zur Verfügung stellen, dazu jedoch zwei Batterien mit unterschiedlichen Spannungen benötigen. Durch die Notwendigkeit der Verwendung einer Batterie mit einer wesentlich höheren Spannung als die herkömmlichen Fahrzeugbatterien steigen die Kosten und der Platzbedarf.So far. thought about two-voltage electrical systems that provide at least two different voltages, but that require two batteries with different voltages. The necessity to use a battery with a much higher voltage than the conventional vehicle batteries increases the costs and the space requirement.
Dieses Problem wird durch das .erfindungsgemäße Zwei-Spannungs- Bordnetz gelöst, das zwei herkömmliche Fahrzeugbatterien mit gleichem Spannungswert verwendet und gleichzeitig derart verschaltet ist, dass sichergestellt wird, dass auch im Falle eines Defekts einer der Batterien ein Notbetrieb weiterhin möglich ist.This problem is solved by the two-voltage electrical system according to the invention, which uses two conventional vehicle batteries with the same voltage value and at the same time is connected in such a way that it is ensured that even in the event of a defect in one of the batteries, emergency operation is still possible.
Nun wird unter Bezugnahme auf Fig. 1 der Aufbau und die Funktion des erfindungsgemäßen Zwei-Spannungs-Bordnetzes am Beispiel eines 14/28V-Bordnetzes genauer beschrieben.The structure and function of the two-voltage electrical system according to the invention will now be described in more detail using the example of a 14 / 28V electrical system.
In Fig. 1 bezeichnet S einen Starter, der eine Bordnetzspannung von beispielsweise 14V erfordert, G einen Generator, der eine Bordnetzspannung von 28V erzeugt, 1 einen Gleichspan- nungs/Gleichspannungs- bzw. DC/DC-Wandler, BS eine Starterbatterie, BB eine Bordnetzbatterie, U einen Startumschalteinrichtung, 2 eine Steuereinrichtung, ZS einen Zündschalter und SS einen Starterschalter, der bei einer Starterbetätigung geschlossen wird. Der Starter S und der Generator G sind mit einem ersten Anschluss der Steuereinrichtung 2 verbunden. Zudem führen erste und zweite Ansteuerleitungen ALI, AL2 von der Steuereinrichtung 2 zum Starter S und Generator G. Die Bordnetzbatterie BB ist mit ihrem einen Anschluss mit Masse und mit dem anderen Anschluss mit einem ersten Anschluss der Startumschalteinrichtung U verbunden. Der zweite Anschluss der Startumschalteinrichtung U mit einem Anschluss der Starterbatterie BS verbunden. Der andere Anschluss der Starterbatterie BS ist ebenfalls mit dem ersten Anschluss der Steuereinrichtung 2 verbunden. Diese Reihenschaltung aus Bordnetzbatterie BS, Startumschalteinrichtung U und Starterbatterie BS ist parallel zum Starter S zw. Generator G angeordnet. Die Startumschalteinrichtung U ist über eine dritte Ansteuerleitung AL3 mit der Steuereinrichtung 2 verbunden. Der mit der Umschalteinrichtung U verbundene Anschluss der Bordnetzbatterie BB ist außerdem mit einem zweiten Anschluss der Steuereinrichtung 2 und einem ersten Anschluss des DC/DC- Wandlers 1 verbunden. Dieser DC/DC-Wandler 1 ist mit einem zweiten Anschluss mit dem ersten Anschluss der Steuereinrichtung 2 verbunden, während ein dritter Anschluss des -DC/DC- Wandlers 1 ist mit Masse verbunden. Die Ansteuerung des DC/DC- Wandlers 1- erfolgt über eine vierte Ansteuerleitung AL4 der Steuereinrichtung 2. Zusätzlich ist die Steuereinrichtung 2 ü- ber weitere Ansteuerleitungen AL5. AL6 mit einem Zündschalter ZS und einem Starterschalter SS verbunden, über die die Steuereinrichtung 2 Informationen empfängt, ob ein Zündschalter ZS o- der ein Startschalter SS betätigt wurden.In FIG. 1, S denotes a starter that requires an on-board electrical system voltage of, for example, 14V, G a generator that generates an on-board electrical system voltage of 28V, 1 a direct voltage / direct voltage or DC / DC converter, BS a starter battery, BB a On-board power supply battery, U a start changeover device, 2 a control device, ZS an ignition switch and SS a starter switch, which is closed when the starter is actuated. The starter S and the generator G are connected to a first connection of the control device 2. In addition, first and second control lines ALI, AL2 lead from the control device 2 to the starter S and generator G. The on-board electrical system battery BB is connected with its one connection to ground and with the other connection to a first connection of the start changeover device U. The second connection of the start switching device U is connected to a connection of the starter battery BS. The other connection of the starter battery BS is also connected to the first connection of the control device 2. This series connection of the on-board electrical system battery BS, the start switching device U and the starter battery BS is arranged parallel to the starter S between the generator G. The start changeover device U is connected to the control device 2 via a third control line AL3. The connection of the on-board electrical system battery BB connected to the switching device U is also connected to a second connection of the control device 2 and a first connection of the DC / DC converter 1. This DC / DC converter 1 is connected with a second connection to the first connection of the control device 2, while a third connection of the -DC / DC converter 1 is connected to ground. The DC / DC converter 1- is controlled via a fourth control line AL4 of the control device 2. In addition, the control device 2 is via further control lines AL5. AL6 is connected to an ignition switch ZS and a starter switch SS, via which the control device 2 receives information as to whether an ignition switch ZS or a start switch SS has been actuated.
Die Steuereinrichtung 2 des erfindungsgemäßen Zwei-Spannungs- Bordnetzes erhält von Erfassungseinrichtungen Eingangssignale, die Informationen über die Betriebszustände der Batterien BB und BS und des Motors mit dem Generator G liefern. Entsprechend diesen Eingangssignalen steuert die Steuereinrichtung 2 den DC/DC-Wandler 1 und die Umschalteinrichtung U.The control device 2 of the two-voltage electrical system according to the invention receives input signals from detection devices, which supply information about the operating states of the batteries BB and BS and the motor with the generator G. In accordance with these input signals, the control device 2 controls the DC / DC converter 1 and the switching device U.
Der Generator G weist eine Batterieerfassung auf und ist für den Ladevorgang der Starterbatterie BS sowie der in Reihe ge- schalteten Bordnetzbatterie BB ausgelegt. Der Ladeausgleich für die Starterbatterie BS erfolgt über das 14V-Bordnetz, der für die Bordnetzbatterie BB über den DC/DC-Wandler 1.The generator G has a battery detection and is for the charging process of the starter battery BS and the series switched on-board electrical system battery BB designed. The charge balancing for the starter battery BS takes place via the 14V on-board electrical system, that for the BB electrical system battery via the DC / DC converter 1.
Der DC/DC-Wandler 1 ist ein bidirektionaler DC/DC-Wandler und ermöglicht dadurch einen Energieaustausch zwischen der Starterund der Bordnetzbatterie BS, BB. Die Ansteuerung durch die Steuereinrichtung 2 ist derart ausgebildet, dass für den Fall eines Notstarts beide Batterien BS, BB . Ebenso kann bei Erkennung eines Defekts des Generators oder des DC/DC-Wandlers aus den Eingangssignalen von den Erfassungseinrichtungen eine AnSteuerung der Startumschalteinrichtung U durch die Steuereinrichtung 2 derart erfolgen, dass eine NotlaufVersorgung nur ü- ber Batterie erfolgt .The DC / DC converter 1 is a bidirectional DC / DC converter and thereby enables an energy exchange between the starter and the on-board electrical system battery BS, BB. The control by the control device 2 is designed such that, in the event of an emergency start, both batteries BS, BB. Likewise, if a defect in the generator or the DC / DC converter is detected from the input signals from the detection devices, the start changeover device U can be controlled by the control device 2 in such a way that an emergency operation supply takes place only via the battery.
Im folgenden wird nun die Funktion der Schaltung gemäß Fig. 1 genauer erläutert.The function of the circuit according to FIG. 1 will now be explained in more detail below.
Bei- ausgeschalteter Zündung, d.h. geöffnetem Zündschalter ZS wird die Startumschalteinrichtung U nicht angesteuert und die Batterien BS und BB sind in Reihe geschaltet . Ruhestromverbraucher werden dann von der Bordnetzbatterie BB mit Energie versorgt. Nur im Ausnahmefall werden auch 24V-Verbraucher von der Bordnetzbatterie BB versorgt. Jedoch ist je nach Ladezustand der -Bordnetz- und der Stärterbatterie BB und BS über den DC/DC- Wandler ein Ladeausgleich möglich.When the ignition is switched off, i.e. When the ignition switch ZS is open, the start switching device U is not activated and the batteries BS and BB are connected in series. Quiescent current consumers are then supplied with energy by the on-board electrical system battery BB. 24V consumers are only supplied by the on-board electrical system battery BB in exceptional cases. However, depending on the state of charge of the on-board network and the starter battery BB and BS, charging compensation is possible via the DC / DC converter.
Die Stromversorgung für die Steuereinrichtung 2 erfolgt in der Regel durch die Bordnetzbatterie BB, ist aber auch durch die Starterbatterie BS möglich.The power supply for the control device 2 is generally provided by the on-board electrical system battery BB, but is also possible by the starter battery BS.
Wenn die Zündung eingeschaltet wird, d.h. der Zündschalter ZS geschlossen wird, werden die Spannungslagen der Bordnetz und der Starterbatterie BB und BS in der Steuereinrichtung 2 ausgewertet. Je nach Notwendigkeit wird der DC/DC-Wandler zur Starthilfe sofort auf Bereitschaft geschaltet oder erst für einen zweiten Startversuch auf Bereitschaft geschaltet . Wenn über den Startschalter SS gestartet wird, erfolgt über die Steuereinrichtung 2 zuerst eine Ansteuerung der Startumschalteinrichtung U und die Reihenschaltung der Batterien BB und BS wird geöffnet, gegebenenfalls erfolgt über den DC/DC-Wandler 1 eine Starthilfe. Über die Versorgungsleitung wird eine Spannungsum- schaltung von 28V auf 14V durch die Steuereinrichtung 2 erkannt und die Betätigung des Starters S wird über die Ansteuerleitung ALI ausgeführt. Nach einem Zurücknehmen, d.h. Abschalten des Startschalters SS, oder einem Erkennen des Motorlaufs über die Ansteuerleitung AL2 (D+ Signal) steuert die Steuereinrichtung 2 die Startumschalteinrichtung U nicht mehr an und die Batterien BB und BS werden in Reihe geschaltet. Die Bordnetzversorgung mit 14V und 28V steht zur Verfügung.When the ignition is switched on, ie the ignition switch ZS is closed, the voltage levels of the vehicle electrical system and the starter battery BB and BS are evaluated in the control device 2. Depending on the need, the DC / DC converter is switched to standby as a starting aid or only switched to standby for a second attempt to start. If about that Start switch SS is started, the control device 2 first activates the start changeover device U and the series connection of the batteries BB and BS is opened; if necessary, a start aid is provided via the DC / DC converter 1. A voltage changeover from 28V to 14V is recognized by the control device 2 via the supply line and the actuation of the starter S is carried out via the control line ALI. After withdrawing, ie switching off the start switch SS or recognizing the engine running via the control line AL2 (D + signal), the control device 2 no longer controls the start changeover device U and the batteries BB and BS are connected in series. The on-board power supply with 14V and 28V is available.
Erfindungsgemäß stehen somit beide Spannungen im Stand sowie im Fahrbetrieb mit Ausnahme des Startvorgangs zur Verfügung. Durch die getrennte Bordnetz- und Starterbatterie BB und BS ist die Verfügbarkeit des Fahrzeugs erhöht, da bei Ausfall einer Batterie die Energie für einen Notbetrieb von der anderen Batterie zugeführt werden kann. Zudem ist das erfindungsgemäße Bordnetz kostengünstig, da Großserienteile des herkömmlichen 14V- Bordnetzes verwendet werden können. Daher werden im bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel zwei herkömmliche 12V-Batterien als Bordnetz- und Starterbatterie BB und BS verwendet. Für Großverbraucher mit längeren Zuleitungen steht durch die Reihenschaltung der Bordnetz- und der Starterbatterie BB und BS eine Spannung von 28V zur Verfügung.According to the invention, both voltages are available in the stationary state and in driving operation with the exception of the starting process. The separate on-board electrical system and starter battery BB and BS increase the availability of the vehicle, since if one battery fails, the energy for emergency operation can be supplied by the other battery. In addition, the on-board electrical system according to the invention is inexpensive since large series parts of the conventional 14 V on-board electrical system can be used. Therefore, in the preferred embodiment, two conventional 12V batteries are used as the on-board electrical system and starter battery BB and BS. For large consumers with longer supply lines, the series connection of the on-board electrical system and the starter battery BB and BS provides a voltage of 28V.
Zusammenfassend offenbart die vorliegende Erfindung ein Zwei- Spannungs-Bordnetz, in das ein Zwei-Batterie-Bordnetz integriert ist. In diesem Zwei-Spannungs-Bordnetz werden zwei herkömmliche Fahrzeugbatterien verwendet, die in der Regel in Reihe geschaltet betrieben werden. Durch die Reihenschaltung wird die VersorgungsSpannung für das Bordnetz mit höherer Spannung für leistungsstarke Verbraucher erhalten. Zur Realisierung eines Notstarts werden beide Batterien, nämlich eine Starter- Batterie BS und eine Bordnetz-Batterie BB parallel geschaltet. Im Falle eines defekten Generators G oder DC/DC-Wandlers 1 ist eine Notlauf ersorgung über Batterie möglich. Die Umschaltung einer Startumschalteinrichtung U, die in der Verbindung zwischen der Starter-Batterie BS und der Bordnetz-Batterie BB angeordnet ist, erfolgt durch eine Steuereinrichtung 2, die Eingangssignale von Erfassungseinrichtungen am Starter S, Generator G, DC/DC-Wandler 1, der Starter-Batterie BS, der Bordnetz- Batterie BB sowie eines Zündschalters ZS und eines Starterschalters SS erhält und die Ansteuerung entsprechend anpasst. In summary, the present invention discloses a two-voltage electrical system in which a two-battery electrical system is integrated. In this two-voltage electrical system, two conventional vehicle batteries are used, which are usually operated in series. Through the series connection, the supply voltage for the vehicle electrical system with higher voltage is obtained for high-performance consumers. To implement an emergency start, both batteries, namely a starter battery BS and an on-board electrical system battery BB, are connected in parallel. In the event of a defective generator G or DC / DC converter 1, an emergency power supply from the battery is possible. The changeover of a start changeover device U, which is arranged in the connection between the starter battery BS and the on-board electrical system battery BB, is carried out by a control device 2, the input signals from detection devices on the starter S, generator G, DC / DC converter 1, the Starter battery BS, the vehicle electrical system battery BB and an ignition switch ZS and a starter switch SS and adapts the control accordingly.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
Zwei-Spannungs-Bordnetz für ein Kraftfahrzeug, mit einen Starter (S) , der eine erste Bordnetzspannung erfordert, einem Generator (G) , der eine zweite Bordnetzspannung erzeugt, die höher als die erste Bordnetzspannung ist, einem DC/DC-Wandler (1) , einer Starterbatterie (BS) , einer Bordnetzbatterie (BB) , einer Steuereinrichtung (2) , einem Zündschalter (ZS) und einem Starterschalter (SS) , der bei einer Starterbetätigung geschlossen wird, wobei der Starter (S) und der Generator (G) mit einem ersten Anschluss der Steuereinrichtung (2) verbunden sind, erste und zweite Ansteuerleitungen (ALI, AL2) von der Steuereinrichtung 2 zum Starter (S) und Generator (G) führen, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Starterbatterie (BS) und die Bordnetzbatterie (BB) i- dentische Nennspannungen aufweisen und in Reihe geschaltet sind, in der Verbindung zwischen der Starterbatterie (BS) und der Bordnetzbatterie (BB) eine Startumschalteinrichtung (U) angeordnet ist, die Bordnetzbatterie (BB) einen Anschluss mit Masse und mit dem anderen Anschluss mit einem ersten Anschluss der Startumschalteinrichtung (U) verbunden ist, der zweite Anschluss der Startumschalteinrichtung (U) mit einem Anschluss der Starterbatterie (BS) verbunden ist, der andere Anschluss der Starterbatterie (BS) ebenfalls mit dem ersten Anschluss der Steuereinrichtung (2) verbunden ist, diese Reihenschaltung aus Bordnetzbatterie (BS) , Startumschalteinrichtung (U) und Starterbatterie (BS) parallel zum Starter S zw. Generator G angeordnet ist, die Startumschalteinrichtung (U) über eine dritte Ansteuerleitung (A13) mit der Steuereinrichtung (2) verbunden ist, der mit der Umschalteinrichtung (U) verbundene Anschluss der Bordnetzbatterie (BB) außerdem mit einem zweiten Anschluss der Steuereinrichtung (2) und einem ersten Anschluss des DC/DC-Wandlers (1) verbunden ist, der DC/DC-Wandler (1) ist mit einem zweiten Anschluss mit dem ersten Anschluss der Steuereinrichtung (2) verbunden ist, während ein dritter Anschluss des DC/DC-Wandlers (1) mit Masse verbunden ist, wobei die Ansteuerung des DC/DC- Wandlers (1) über eine vierte Ansteuerleitung (AL4) der Steuereinrichtung (2) erfolgt, zusätzlich die Steuereinrichtung (2) über weitere Ansteuerleitungen mit dem Zündschalter (SZ) und dem Starterschalter SS verbunden ist, über die die Steuereinrichtung (2) Informationen empfängt, ob ein Zündschalter (ZS) oder ein Startschalter (SS) betätigt wurden.Two-voltage electrical system for a motor vehicle, with a starter (S) that requires a first electrical system voltage, a generator (G) that generates a second electrical system voltage that is higher than the first electrical system voltage, a DC / DC converter (1 ), a starter battery (BS), an on-board electrical system battery (BB), a control device (2), an ignition switch (ZS) and a starter switch (SS), which is closed when the starter is actuated, the starter (S) and the generator (G ) are connected to a first connection of the control device (2), lead first and second control lines (ALI, AL2) from the control device 2 to the starter (S) and generator (G), characterized in that the starter battery (BS) and the on-board electrical system battery ( BB) have identical nominal voltages and are connected in series, in the connection between the starter battery (BS) and the on-board electrical system battery (BB) a start switching device (U) is arranged, the on-board electrical system battery (BB) has an Ansc is connected to ground and to the other connection to a first connection of the start changeover device (U), the second connection of the start changeover device (U) is connected to a connection of the starter battery (BS), the other connection of the starter battery (BS) is also connected to the first connection of the control device (2) is connected, this series connection of the on-board electrical system battery (BS), start changeover device (U) and starter battery (BS) is arranged in parallel to the starter S between the generator G, the start changeover device (U) is connected to the control device (2) via a third control line (A13), which connection of the on-board electrical system battery (BB) connected to the switching device (U) is also connected to a second connection of the control device (2) and a first connection of the DC / DC converter (1), the DC / DC converter (1) is connected to a second connection is connected to the first connection of the control device (2), while a third connection of the DC / DC converter (1) is connected to ground, the control of the DC / DC converter (1) being connected via a fourth control line ( AL4) of the control device (2), the control device (2) is additionally connected via further control lines to the ignition switch (SZ) and the starter switch SS, via which the control device (2) em information determines whether an ignition switch (ZS) or a start switch (SS) has been actuated.
2. Zwei -Spannungs -Bordnetz nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Steuereinrichtung (2) mit Erfassungseinrichtungen verbunden ist, die Betriebszustände der Batterien (BB, BS) und des Starters (S) und des Generators (G) übermitteln und ansprechend auf diese Betriebszustände die Umschalteinrichtung (U) und den DC/DC-Wandler (1) ansteuert .2. Two-voltage electrical system according to claim 1, characterized in that the control device (2) is connected to detection devices, the operating states of the batteries (BB, BS) and the starter (S) and the generator (G) transmit and in response to this Operating states controls the switching device (U) and the DC / DC converter (1).
3. Zwei -Spannungs -Bordnetz nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass der Generator (G) für einen Ladevorgang der Starter- sowie der in Reihe geschalteten Bordnetzbatterie (BS, BB) verwendbar ist, wobei ein Ladeausgleich der Starterbatterie (BS) über das Bordnetz mit dem Spannungsniveau der Starterbatterie (BS) ausführbar ist und ein Ladeausgleich für die Bordnetzbatterie (BS) über den DC/DC-Wandler (1) erfolgt .3. Two-voltage electrical system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the generator (G) for a charging process of the starter and the series-connected electrical system battery (BS, BB) Can be used, with a charge equalization of the starter battery (BS) via the vehicle electrical system with the voltage level of the starter battery (BS) and a charge equalization for the vehicle electrical system battery (BS) via the DC / DC converter (1).
4. Zwei-Spannungs-Bordnetz nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Steuereinrichtung (2) ansprechend auf ein „Generator defekt "-Signal oder ein DC/DC-Wandler (1) „Defekt Signal" durch Ansteuerung der Startumschalteinrichtung (U) auf eine Notlauf-Versorgung über eine der Batterien (BS, BB) umschalten kann.4. Two-voltage electrical system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the control device (2) in response to a "generator defective" signal or a DC / DC converter (1) "defective signal" by actuating the start switching device (U) can switch to an emergency supply via one of the batteries (BS, BB).
5. Zwei-Spannungs-Bordnetz nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass der DC/DC-Wandler (1) bidirektional ist und dadurch ein Energieaustausch zwischen Starter- und Bordnetzbatterie (BS, BB) möglich ist.5. Two-voltage on-board electrical system according to one of claims 1 to 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the DC / DC converter (1) is bidirectional and thereby an energy exchange between the starter and on-board network battery (BS, BB) is possible.
6. Zwei-Spannungs-Bordnetz nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass durch Parallelschaltung beider Batterien (BS, BB) durch Ansteuerung der Startumschalteinrichtung (U) durch die Steuereinrichtung (2) ein Notstart realisierbar ist.6. Two-voltage electrical system according to one of claims 1 to 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that an emergency start can be realized by connecting the two batteries (BS, BB) in parallel by actuating the start switching device (U) by the control device (2).
7. Zwei-Spannungs-Bordnetz nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass das Zwei-Spannungs-Bordnetz ein 14/28V-Bordnetz ist, in dem die Starter- und die Bordbatterie (BS, BB) jeweils 12V-Batterien sind. 7. Two-voltage electrical system according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the two-voltage electrical system is a 14 / 28V electrical system in which the starter and the on-board battery (BS, BB) are each 12V batteries ,
EP04702660A 2003-02-05 2004-01-16 Dual-voltage vehicle electric system Withdrawn EP1590206A1 (en)

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DE10304764 2003-02-05
DE10304764A DE10304764B3 (en) 2003-02-05 2003-02-05 Dual-voltage onboard electrical network for automobile has 2 series batteries connected in parallel for emergency starting and used for providing emergency running upon failure of generator or DC/DC converter
PCT/EP2004/000287 WO2004069600A1 (en) 2003-02-05 2004-01-16 Dual-voltage vehicle electric system

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