EP1567272B1 - Element accelerateur composite structurel - Google Patents

Element accelerateur composite structurel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1567272B1
EP1567272B1 EP03761865A EP03761865A EP1567272B1 EP 1567272 B1 EP1567272 B1 EP 1567272B1 EP 03761865 A EP03761865 A EP 03761865A EP 03761865 A EP03761865 A EP 03761865A EP 1567272 B1 EP1567272 B1 EP 1567272B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
accelerator
acceleration
rotation
rotor
essentially
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP03761865A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1567272A1 (fr
Inventor
Johannes Petrus Andreas Josephus Van Der Zanden
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Passage de Douro bvba
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Passage de Douro bvba
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/NL2002/000425 external-priority patent/WO2003000423A2/fr
Priority claimed from PCT/NL2002/000677 external-priority patent/WO2003035262A1/fr
Priority claimed from PCT/NL2002/000705 external-priority patent/WO2003039752A1/fr
Priority claimed from NL1021940A external-priority patent/NL1021940C2/nl
Application filed by Passage de Douro bvba filed Critical Passage de Douro bvba
Publication of EP1567272A1 publication Critical patent/EP1567272A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1567272B1 publication Critical patent/EP1567272B1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
    • B02C13/18—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor
    • B02C13/1807—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor the material to be crushed being thrown against an anvil or impact plate
    • B02C13/1835—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor the material to be crushed being thrown against an anvil or impact plate by means of beater or impeller elements fixed in between an upper and lower rotor disc
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
    • B02C13/18—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor
    • B02C13/1807—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor the material to be crushed being thrown against an anvil or impact plate
    • B02C13/1814—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor the material to be crushed being thrown against an anvil or impact plate by means of beater or impeller elements fixed on top of a disc type rotor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
    • B02C13/18—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor
    • B02C13/1807—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor the material to be crushed being thrown against an anvil or impact plate
    • B02C13/1814—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor the material to be crushed being thrown against an anvil or impact plate by means of beater or impeller elements fixed on top of a disc type rotor
    • B02C13/1821—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor the material to be crushed being thrown against an anvil or impact plate by means of beater or impeller elements fixed on top of a disc type rotor the beater or impeller elements being rotatably fixed around their own axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
    • B02C13/18—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor
    • B02C13/1807—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor the material to be crushed being thrown against an anvil or impact plate
    • B02C13/1814—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor the material to be crushed being thrown against an anvil or impact plate by means of beater or impeller elements fixed on top of a disc type rotor
    • B02C13/1828—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor the material to be crushed being thrown against an anvil or impact plate by means of beater or impeller elements fixed on top of a disc type rotor with dead bed protected beater or impeller elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of the acceleration of material, in particular a stream of granular or particulate material, with the aid of a rotor, in particular with the aim of causing the accelerated grains or particles to collide with an impact member at such a velocity that they break.
  • the movement of a stream of material can be accelerated with the aid of a rotor.
  • the material is fed onto the central part of a rotor blade of a rapidly rotating rotor and is then picked up by one or more accelerator members which are provided with an acceleration surface and are arranged around that central part.
  • Acceleration can take place by either sliding along (under the influence of centrifugal force) or a stroke (impact) by the acceleration surface (or a combination of sliding and impact). Acceleration by sliding does not affect the material; in that, the particles are only accelerated.
  • the particles are simultaneously accelerated and loaded; such that comminution can take place.
  • the accelerated material is then propelled outwards at high velocity and can now be collected by a stationary impact member that is arranged around the rotor with the aim of causing the material to break during the collision.
  • the known guide members are exposed-to intense guide wear, therefore such a cavity can also be filled with a highly abrasive material, i.e. a construction material containing carbides, preferably tungsten carbides; and such an accelerator member is known (amongst others) from US 6,033,791 (Smith).
  • a highly abrasive material i.e. a construction material containing carbides, preferably tungsten carbides; and such an accelerator member is known (amongst others) from US 6,033,791 (Smith).
  • US 3,767,127 discloses an accelerator member which is of symmetrical V-shaped construction (with the V pointing towards the axis of rotation) and is provided with two acceleration surfaces and is anchored firmly under the influence of centrifugal force (centrifugal locking). Symmetry allows for operation in both directions, doubling the lifetime and the wear material is consumed more effectively and are very easy to replace and do not have to be specially secured.
  • a device for acceleration by impact is know from WO 98/16319 which was drawn up in the name of the Applicant.
  • the known rotor can be equipped with several different types (configurations) of accelerator members; that is, a guiding member and an associated co-rotating impact member.
  • the accelerator units that are disclosed can - among others - be fixed or pivotally attached to the rotor and be provided with a selfrotating impact surface.
  • a similar but symmetrical device of this type is disclosed in WO 01/21313, which was drawn up in the name of the Applicant.
  • WO 00/67909 A device where the rotor rotates about a non-vertical axis is disclosed in WO 00/67909, which was drawn up in the name of the Applicant.
  • WO 02/36263 which is in the name of applicant discloses a direct multiple impact rotor where the co-rotating impact member is provided with an autogenous impact face; also the guide members can be provided with an autogenous guiding face.
  • the known rotors have the advantage that they are simple, effective and can be applied for comminution of a wide range of particle material such as sand, stones, rocks, ores, minerals, cemenclincker, coal, slags, ashes, glass and building waste; but also materials like beans etc. which break when (sufficiently) loaded by impact.
  • the known rotors have however also disadvantages.
  • An important problem with the known accelerator members are the high forces that are exerted on the accelerator member (and the attaching arrangements and the support member) mainly by centrifugal force in the case of guide members and by a combination of (1) centrifugal force and (2) rapidly repeating impulse loading in the case of impact members.
  • the centrifugal force increases progressively with (1) the rotational velocity and (2) the weight (mass) of the impact member, in which context a centrifugal force in excess of 100 kN can be considered under practical conditions.
  • the impulse (impact) loading increases progressively with (1) the diameter (mass) and (2) the hardness (elasticity) of the impinging material, in which context grains with a weight of 1 to 2 kg which impinge repeatedly at a velocity of 50 to 100 m/sec can be considered under practical conditions.
  • the known rotors and accelerator members can therefore take a limited maximum loading which severely restricts the maximum size of the feed material that can be processed and the maximum velocity at which the particles can be accelerated and the maximum velocity reduces sharply when the feed size increases.
  • a wear part is provided with a strengthening member that has a greater tensile strength than the wear part, creating a composite wear member. It is of course of utmost importance that the wear part and the strengthening member are completely joined together.
  • Composite wear parts are known from AU-A-22760/83 (Vickers) and WO84/04760 (Dolman). Such wear parts are used for hammer crushers which are known from DE 3618195 A1; which hammers are pivotally attached to a rotor to impact with particles that are fed from outwards towards to rotor. The pivotally attachment limits the impact forces that act on the wear part to a considerable degree. Much higher forces are generated when the wear parts are fixedly attached to the rotor; as is described before.
  • the known accelerator members In order nevertheless to achieve a reasonable tool life, the known accelerator members must therefore be of extra heavyweight construction, so that no pieces start to break away when channels and cavities form. As a result of this additional weight, the mounting construction (and the support member) must also be made extra heavy, which makes the wear parts even heavier, and special provisions have to be made in order to attach the heavy accelerator member well to the support member. As a result of the low tensile strength of the hard, and consequently brittle, wear material, the accelerator members must for this be provided with extra heavy hooks and large projections and the mounting must be secured, for which bolts are often needed. All of this makes the replacement of the wear parts complicated and time-consuming, whilst the tool life, certainly in the case of abrasive material, remains restricted. An additional aspect that is certainly equally important is that a large amount of wear material remains; this is at least the additional portion that is needed to ensure that the accelerator member does not break and the additional structural material for the mounting. Frequently only 25% of the wear material is actually consumed.
  • WO 03/000423 A2 which is in the name of applicant, discloses an accelerator member that is provided with a strengthening member along the backside; that is, the side opposite of (parallel with) the acceleration surface.
  • a strengthened accelerator member consists out of an accelerator block of white iron alloy and a strengthening member of unalloyed or low alloy steel.
  • the strengthening member which has an appreciable greater tensile strength then the accelerator block, is firmly joined together with the strengthening member to form a structural composite strengthened accelerator member.
  • Such a strengthening member can withstand much higher impact and centrifugal forces and the high tensile strength makes it possible to provide the strengthening member with a simple attaching arrangement for mounting the accelerator member to the support member; which is also positioned along the backside of the accelerator member.
  • the known accelerator member with reinforcement member has the advantage that the accelerator block can withstand much higher impact forces and centrifugal stresses; and allows for a simple but efficient and strong fixing arrangement.
  • the accelerator member with reinforcement member has also disadvantages. So is the position of the strengthening member along the backside highly vulnerable to damage when the accelerator member (block) wears through, and the same counts for the fixing arrangement and the support member; actually the situation is essentially similar to the problem noticed with the support member as discussed before.
  • the backside of an accelerator member is often not the most suitable place for mounting (attaching) the accelerator member to the rotor; in particular with protruding accelerator members which are normally clamped (wedged) or pivotally attached.
  • the aim of the invention is, therefore, to provide an accelerator member for a rotor that rotates about an axis of rotation, as described above, that does not have these disadvantages, or at least displays these to a lesser extent. That is, providing an accelerator member that is hard and strong enough to withstand a combination of centrifugal forces and impact forces and guarantees a long lifetime, is provided with an attachment arrangement for easy and quick exchange that is strong enough to withstand said forces and - most important - is designed in such a way that the attaching arrangement is not damaged when the accelerator member wear through completely under influence of sliding forces and impact forces generated by the particles when they are accelerated with the aim of the accelerator member. This is achieved with:
  • the strengthened accelerator member is provided with an accelerator block of which an outer surface that is directed essentially transversally to the acceleration surface is provided with a strengthening member; that is:
  • the accelerator member can be placed on top of the rotorblade but also underneath the rotorblade.
  • the accelerator member according to the invention therefore consists essentially of an accelerator block that is made of a hard (for example > Rc 55-65) wear material having - however - a low tensile strength because it is brittle, which is provided with a (metal) strengthening member having a high tensile strength (and lesser hardness). Therefore, the accelerator block is made out of a white iron alloy, that is hardened by heat treatment after casting.
  • a hard for example > Rc 55-65
  • a wear material having - however - a low tensile strength because it is brittle
  • a (metal) strengthening member having a high tensile strength (and lesser hardness). Therefore, the accelerator block is made out of a white iron alloy, that is hardened by heat treatment after casting.
  • the white iron alloy employed in the invention is an ASTM specification A532, class IIIA alloy, which has the following composition: 2.3 to 3.0 (wt) % carbon, up to 1.5 (wt) % nickel, 23 to 28 (wt) % chromium and up to 1.5 (wt) % molybdenum (plus trace impurities).
  • the white iron will contain a chromium content of about 25 (wt) %.
  • Typical alloys for white iron alloy are (according German specifications) Hartguss (FeMnSiC3.4), Chrom-Hartguss (FeCr12C2.1, FeCr15Mo3C3, FeCr20Mo2C3, FeCr25Mo1C3, FeCr13Nb9MoTiC2.3) and Nickel-Hartguss (FeNi4Cr2C3.3, FeNi4Cr2C2.6, FeCr9Ni6Si2C3).
  • the accelerator block is used for acceleration by impact an alloy containing manganese the alloy can be selfhardening under influence of impact.
  • the strengthening member is made out of an unalloyed or low alloy steel with preferably a low carbon content ( ⁇ 0,25%) making this steel essentially unresponsive to heat treatment (or responsive only along the outer surface); and the steel therefore contains its high tensile strength when the accelerator member is subjected to heat treatment to harden the white iron alloy part.
  • Typical low alloy steels are for plain low carbon steels ASTM number 1010, 1020, A36, A516 Grade 70 and for high strength low alloy steels ASTM number A440, A633 Grade E and A656 Grade 1.
  • the white iron alloy part accelerator block
  • the low alloy part low alloy part
  • other compositions of the alloy can be used as long as the white iron alloy has the required hardness or wear resistance and the low alloy part a (tensile) strength that is substantially higher than the (tensile) strength of the white iron alloy part, which (tensile) strength is not significantly influenced when the accelerator member is subjected to a heat treatment for hardening the white iron alloy part.
  • the hardening process is based on strain hardening, but precipitation hardening or a combination of strain hardening and precipitation hardening is also possible for certain alloys.
  • the hardenability of the white iron alloy part is based on the formation of martensite as a result of a given heat treatment; and it is important that the composition of the white iron alloy part is so chosen that the accelerator block hardens not only at the surface but to a large degree throughput the entire interior of the accelerator block.
  • the strengthening member is normally a steel plate or steel block that [1] strengthens the accelerator member making it suitable to withstand high impact and centrifugal loading (that is much higher than with the known non-reinforced accelerator members), [2] allows for a strong and simple attaching arrangement, [3] makes it possible to design both the accelerator member and the support member less voluminous and [4] - most important - makes it possible to attach the strengthening member in such a way that both the strengthening member and the support member are not damaged when the accelerator member wears through.
  • the attaching arrangement that is part of the strengthening member can have different designs, for example a hook, a protruding pen, a wedge shaped hook (dovetail) which allow for a centrifugal locking only. It is also possible to use a bolt-connection of a clamp. It is preferred that the attaching is secured by centrifugal locking only, but it is possible that the safety bolt or safety pin is required.
  • Loading of the accelerator member can occur by [1] sliding (guiding), [2] impact (in particular when large grains impinge on the accelerator member at high impact velocity), [3] a combination of sliding and impact (for example with angled impact) and [4] due to centrifugal forces; all of which types of loading can take place combined in one way or another.
  • the strengthening member holds the accelerator block material together when this comes under stress - even when cracks arise - to a certain extend. This makes it possible to make the accelerator member of less heavyweight construction and even to make it slim compared with an accelerator member that is not provided with a strengthening member and is loaded in the same way. On the other hand the strengthening member makes it possible to design the accelerator member with a (much) thicker accelerator block behind the acceleration surface which makes it possible to increase lifetime to a significant degree.
  • the high tensile strength of the strengthening member furthermore makes it possible to provide the accelerator member with simple and lightweight (restricted volume) connector or attaching arrangement by means of which the accelerator member is joined to the support member, or attaching members, as a result of which both the accelerator member and the support member need to be of less heavyweight construction and can be constructed in a manner that makes rapid replacement of the wear parts possible. All this makes it possible to utilise the wear material to a maximum and makes operation procedures in practice much easier.
  • the accelerator member wears through comminution intensity decreases which shows visually by an increase of the amount of oversize; and can also be automatically detected when - in a close system - the recirculation load increases, for which the recirculation belt of course has to be provided with a weighing device.
  • the crusher Upon detection of a certain overload the crusher (or input) can be automatically switched off (or manually in case of visual control). Moreover, in case of a rotor with a symmetric configuration which is operational in both directions of rotation, the direction of rotation can be automatically reversed when the (first half) of the accelerator member wears through and be automatically stopped when the other half wears through.
  • the accelerator member can - as described before - be [1] a sliding member for accelerating the material by sliding only, [2] a guide member for guiding the material towards a co-rotating impact member, [3] a co-rotating impact member which is associated with the guide member and [4] a protruding impact member which is carried along the edge of the rotor (and other type of accelerator members which are carried by the rotor and accelerate (or contribute to the acceleration) of the material).
  • the aim of the invention is specifically targeted at the use of the strengthened accelerator member in the form of a (co-rotating) impact member as described before.
  • the accelerator member is carried by the rotor with the aid of a support member, in such a way that the accelerator member is (easily exchangeable) and can be [1] fixed attached, [2] pivotally attached and [3] be fixed attached and provided with a selfrotating acceleration surface.
  • Fixed attachment can be achieved in many different ways - according to the invention preferably by centrifugal locking - for which purpose amongst others can be used (I) a hook member and [2] a dove tail like member.
  • the strengthening member can also be provided with bolt holes for attachment of the accelerator member with the rotorblade with bolts which in this case are the support members. Attachment can be secured with lock bolts and/or lock pins and/or lock plates but also be centrifugaly locked only.
  • the axis of rotation can be vertical, horizontal or angled.
  • the support member (and accelerator member) can be positioned [1] on top of the rotor blade, [2] between two (parallel) rotor blades, [3] underneath against a rotor blade, [4] protruding along the edge of the rotor and even [5] protrude underneath or on top of the rotor; in all cases the support member can partly be positioned in the rotorblade.
  • the invention provides the possibility wherein the rotor rotates in one direction only or in both directions, preferably with a symmetric (V-shaped) configuration.
  • material is understood to be a fragment, grain or a particle or a stream of fragments, grains or particles, designated here in general as material of non-uniform shape.
  • strengthening plate is also used to designate all other shapes if these do not specifically have the appearance of a plate.
  • the accelerator block can be a massive rectangular block, but also have another shape, and can be provided with one or more open spaces or cavities along the acceleration surface which can be filled with a filling material; that is, [1] an insert of a material that has a greater wear resistance (hardness) than the white iron alloy, which insert is firmly joined to the cavity walls in the white iron alloy part, [2] a high abrasive inlay of filling material (more wear resistant of harder than the block material that is made out of white iron alloy) i.e. consists out of carbides, preferably tungsten carbides or ceramic material.
  • Hard metal is understood to be an alloy of at least one hard, wear-resistant constituent in the form of tungsten carbide or titanium carbide and at least one soft metal constituent in the form of cobalt, iron or nickel.
  • the invention provides a possibility for the material from which the accelerator block is made at least partially consists of ceramic material.
  • ceramic material is understood to be a material that at least partially consists of aluminium oxide (corundum - Al 2 O 3 ) and/or at least partially consists of silicon oxide (SiO 2 ), but here ceramic material can also be understood to be materials such as carbides and silica sand.
  • the cavity fills [3] with own particle material creating a partly autogenous acceleration face under influence of centrifugal force. With these cavities the filling material is surrounded by white iron alloy material.
  • the accelerator block is cylindrical with the cylindrical axis essentially parallel to the axis of rotation and with (at least part of) the cylindrical surface acting as acceleration surface. It is also possible that the accelerator member is symmetrical for example V-shaped, preferably with the V pointing outwards.
  • a pivotally attached accelerator member is preferably shaped essentially as a triangle or V-shaped with the point directing towards the axis of rotation.
  • the accelerator member is designed in such a way that the accelerator block extends from the impact surface backwards essentially along the prolonged spiral trajectory; for which it has to be taken into account that the spiral trajectory can shift (outwards or inwards) when wear along the accelerator (guiding) surface progresses.
  • the cohesion between the attachment side (of the strengthening member) and the attachment surface (of the accelerator block) is preferably achieved with the aid of heat treatment, the invention providing, inter alia, the following production methods:
  • Figure 1 shows, diagrammatically, a first embodiment of an accelerator member according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows, diagrammatically, a second embodiment of an accelerator member according to the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows, diagrammatically, a third embodiment of an accelerator member according to the invention.
  • Figure 4 shows, diagrammatically, a top view according Figure 5, of a fourth embodiment of an accelerator member according to the invention.
  • Figure 5 shows, diagrammatically, a side view according Figure 4, of a fourth embodiment of an accelerator member according to the invention.
  • Figure 6 shows, diagrammatically, a top view according Figure 7, of a fifth embodiment of an accelerator member according to the invention.
  • Figure 7 shows, diagrammatically, a side view according Figure 6, of a fifth embodiment of an accelerator member according to the invention.
  • Figure 8 shows, diagrammatically, a fifth embodiment of an accelerator member according to the invention.
  • Figure 9 shows, diagrammatically, a top view according Figure 10 , of a sixth embodiment of an accelerator member according to the invention.
  • Figure 10 shows, diagrammatically, a side view according Figure 9 , of a sixth embodiment of an accelerator member according to the invention.
  • Figure 11 shows, diagrammatically, a front view according Figure 10 , of a sixth embodiment of an accelerator member according to the invention.
  • Figure 12 shows, diagrammatically, a top view according Figure 13 , of a first embodiment of a rotatable rotor according to the invention.
  • Figure 13 shows, diagrammatically, a perspective view according Figure 12 , of a first embodiment of a rotatable rotor according to the invention.
  • Figure 14 shows, diagrammatically, a top view B-B according Figure 15, of a second embodiment of a rotatable rotor according to the invention.
  • Figure 15 shows, diagrammatically, a side view A-A according Figure 14 , of a second embodiment of a rotatable rotor according to the invention.
  • Figure 16 shows, diagrammatically, a top view D-D according Figure 17, of a a third embodiment of a rotatable rotor according to the invention.
  • Figure 17 shows, diagrammatically, a side view C-C according Figure 16, of a third embodiment of a rotatable rotor according to the invention.
  • Figure 18 shows, diagrammatically, a top view G-G according Figure 19, of a fourth embodiment of a rotatable rotor according to the invention.
  • Figure 19 shows, diagrammatically, a side view E-E according Figure 18 , of a fourth embodiment of a rotatable rotor according to the invention.
  • Figure 20 shows, diagrammatically, a side view F-F according Figure 18 , of a fourth embodiment of a rotatable rotor according to the invention.
  • Figure 21 shows, diagrammatically, a side view H-H according Figure 22, of a fifth embodiment of a rotatable rotor according to the invention.
  • Figure 22 shows, diagrammatically, a top view I-I according Figure 21, of a fifth embodiment of a rotatable rotor according to the invention.
  • Figure 23 shows, diagrammatically, a side view J-J according Figure 24, of a sixth embodiment of a rotatable rotor according to the invention.
  • Figure 24 shows, diagrammatically, a top view K-K according Figure 23, of a sixth embodiment of a rotatable rotor according to the invention.
  • Figure 25 shows, diagrammatically, a seventh embodiment of a rotatable rotor according to the invention.
  • Figure 26 shows diagrammatically, an eight embodiment of a rotatable symmetric rotor according to the invention.
  • Figure 27 shows diagrammatically, a ninth embodiment of a symmetrical rotor according to the invention.
  • Figure 28 shows diagrammatically, a tenth embodiment of a non-symmetrical rotor according to the invention.
  • Figure 29 shows, diagrammatically, a first attaching arrangement of an accelerator member according Figure 28 .
  • Figure 30 shows, diagammatically, a second attaching arrangement of an accelerator member according Figure 28 .
  • Figure 31 shows, diagrammatically, a third attaching arrangement of an accelerator member according Figure 28 .
  • Figure 32 shows, diagrammatically, a fourth attaching arrangement of an accelerator member according Figure 28 .
  • Figure 33 shows, diagrammatically, a side view according Figure 29.
  • FIG. 1 shows, diagrammatically, a first embodiment of an accelerator member (1) according to the invention.
  • the accelerator member (1) is carried by a rotorblade (not shown here) some distance away from the axis of rotation (2) and consists here out of one accelerator block (3) that is here made out of a white iron alloy part (247) (according the invention the accelerator block (3) is made out of at least a white iron alloy part (247)), which white iron alloy part (247) is provided with one acceleration surface (4) that at least partially extends in an outward direction when seen from the axis of rotation (2) and is here directed essentially perpendicular to the plane of rotation (5), which white iron alloy part (247) of the accelerator block (3) is provided with a transversal side surface (6), that is directed essentially transversally to the acceleration surface (4) and essentially parallel to the plane of rotation (5) and is characterised in that the white iron alloy part (247) of the accelerator block (3) is provided with a strengthening member (7), which strengthening member (7) is provided with an attachment side (8),
  • the strengthening member (7) is here provided with an attachment side (8) which describes an essentially straight surface
  • the white iron alloy part (247) of the accelerator block (3) is here provided with an attachment surface (9) which describes an essentially straight surface, such that at least part of the attachment side (8) of the strengthening member (7) and at least part of the attachment surface (9) of the white iron alloy part (247) of the of the accelerator block (3) are joined together along an essentially straight attachment plane (11) to form the structural composite accelerator member (1) where the accelerator block (3) is located essentially on one side of a straight dividing plane (12) on which is situated the attachment plane (11) and the strengthening member (7) is located essentially on the other side of the dividing plane (12).
  • the strengthening member (7) here has a shape of a plate but can have a shape other than a plate shape.
  • FIG. 2 shows, diagrammatically, a second embodiment of an accelerator member (13) according to the invention that is essentially similar to the first embodiment from Figure 1 , but the white iron alloy part (14) of the accelerator block (249) is here provided with (at least) one cavity (15) that extends along (at least) a part of the acceleration surface (16) and can be filled with a filling material (as described before) that has a composition different from the white iron alloy part (14), such that the acceleration surface (16) consists partly out of the filling material surrounded by the white iron alloy part (14); which cavity (15) can be filled with a filling material consisting at least partly out of either hard metal (preferably tungsten carbide), a ceramic material or a layer of own particle material, as described in detail before.
  • a filling material consisting at least partly out of either hard metal (preferably tungsten carbide), a ceramic material or a layer of own particle material, as described in detail before.
  • FIG 3 shows, diagrammatically, a third embodiment of an accelerator member (17) according to the invention wherein the accelerator member (17) is provided with a selfrotating acceleration surface (18). Therefore, the accelerator block (19)- essentially describes a solid of revolution of which the axis of revolution (20) is essentially parallel to the axis of rotation (21), and of which the surface of revolution (18) is provided with the acceleration surface; in such a way that a selfrotating crushing surface is created.
  • the strengthening member (22) is located underneath (essentially parallel to the plane of rotation (23)) the accelerator block (19) (solid of revolution) and is provided with an axis (24) that functions as attaching arrangement.
  • FIGS 4 and 5 show, diagrammatically, a fourth embodiment of an accelerator member (25) according to the invention wherein the accelerator member (25) is not fixed attached to a support member but is pivotally attached (26) to a support member (27) that essentially is an axis of which the axis of pivot (28) is essentially parallel to the axis of rotation (29) which can be vertical, horizontal or angled.
  • the transversal side surface (30) that is provided with the strengthening member (31) is directed essentially transversal to the plane of rotation (32) and is directed towards the axis of rotation (29). Because the accelerator member (25) is symmetrical and provided with two acceleration surfaces (33)(34), the rotor (not shown here) can rotate in both directions (35).
  • the acceleration surfaces (33)(34) are here each provided with a cavity (36)(37) that can be filled with a filling material as described before. Furthermore, the strengthening member (31) can be protected by a wear plate (not shown here) that surrounds the outside (38) of the strengthening member (31), which wear plate is centrifugally locked and can be secured by a protruding pen (not shown here).
  • FIGs 6 and 7 show, diagrammatically, a fifth embodiment of an accelerator member (39) according to the invention, which is constructed symmetrically in a V-shape (or an essentially truncated V-shape) with the point (40) not being oriented towards the axis of rotation (41); it is however possible that with a different construction the point (40) is oriented towards said axis of rotation (41).
  • the transversal side surface (42) that is provided with the strengthening member (43) is here directed essentially parallel to the plane of rotation (44).
  • the accelerator member (39) is provided with one accelerator block (45), which is provided with two acceleration surfaces (46)(47), which are essentially directed in opposite directions, that is, in a forward and a backward direction direction of rotation, such that the accelerator member (39) is mirror symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry (48) from the axis of rotation (41) that intersects the accelerator member (39) halfway between the acceleration surfaces (46)(47).
  • An additional advantage is that a bed of own material is able to deposit at the location of the inside (seam) (49) of the V-shaped accelerator block (45) under the influence of centrifugal force: this prevents wear on, or damage to, the attaching arrangement (50) (hook member) and the part of the strengthening member (43) that is exposed, being able to occur at the location of the V-shaped seam (49).
  • the invention provides a possibility for the V-shaped accelerator member (39) to consist of a (single) accelerator block (45) or to be made up of two (identical) accelerator blocks (not shown here) to give an assembled accelerator block; it being possible for the accelerator blocks to be linked to one another at the location of the V seam with the aid of a linking member (not shown here); in this context consideration can be given to a hook connection, a connection with a pin or bolt, but also to a weld or other join, for example a clamping member, whilst the accelerator members can also be linked with the aid of the support member to give a V-shaped accelerator member.
  • the accelerator block (45) is here made out of a white iron alloy part (248).
  • the strengthening member (43) is preferably made of metal, which has a sufficiently high tensile strength (significantly higher than the tensile strength of the white iron alloy accelerator block (45)) and a thickness such that the stresses (in the V seam (49)) can be absorbed.
  • the composite accelerator member (39) provides a possibility for the strengthening member (43) to be provided with an attaching arrangement (50) in the form of an open or half-closed hook, a projection or of studs or threaded openings (not shown here) by means of which the accelerator member can be fixed or secured to the support member (not shown here) in such a way that it is firmly anchored under the influence of centrifugal force; that is centrifugal locking.
  • an attaching arrangement in the form of an open or half-closed hook, a projection or of studs or threaded openings (not shown here) by means of which the accelerator member can be fixed or secured to the support member (not shown here) in such a way that it is firmly anchored under the influence of centrifugal force; that is centrifugal locking.
  • FIG 8 shows, diagrammatically, a fifth embodiment of an accelerator member (51) according to the invention, essentially similar to the fourth embodiment from Figures 6 and 7 , but here the accelerator member (51) is provided with two separate essentially identical accelerator blocks (52)(53) which are both connected with the same (one) strengthening member (54) and are here divided by an open space (joint) (55) each of which accelerator blocks (52)(53) are provided with an acceleration surface (56)(57), which are essentially directed in opposite directions, that is, in a forward and a backward direction of rotation, such that the accelerator member (51) is mirror symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry (58) from the axis of rotation (59) that intersects the accelerator member (51) halfway between the acceleration surfaces (56)(57).
  • the accelerator member (51) is provided with two separate essentially identical accelerator blocks (52)(53) which are both connected with the same (one) strengthening member (54) and are here divided by an open space (joint) (55) each of which accelerator blocks (52)(53) are provided with an acceleration surface
  • the open joint (55) prevents the transfer from one block (52) to the other block (53) of stresses which are caused by impact; and this can prevent that large pieces of accelerator block material break off when one side (block) of the accelerator member (51) wears out almost completely.
  • the invention allows for an optimal open space (55) (joint) which has to be determined in practice; and can for example be V-shaped or rounded off in both horizontal and vertical direction.
  • FIGs 9, 10 and 11 show, diagrammatically, a sixth embodiment of an accelerator member (60) according to the invention, of a V-shaped assembled accelerator member (60) essentially similar to the fifth embodiment of Figures 8 and 9 ; but consists out of two separate accelerator members (61)(62).
  • the attachment surfaces (63)(64) of each of the accelerator blocks (61)(62) is here slightly angled to the plain of rotation (65); that is downwards (66) towards the outside (67) of the accelerator member (60) which makes that the vertical thickness of the accelerator blocks (61)(62) increases in this direction (68 ⁇ 69). This can be necessary when the particle material has a tendency to wear out the accelerator block (52)(53) in a downward direction damaging the strengthening member (70); and actually provides in a simple way a better protection of the strengthening member (70).
  • Figures 12 and 13 show, diagrammatically, a first embodiment of a rotatable rotor (71) according to the invention.
  • the accelerator unit (72) is here provided with a guide member (73) and an accelerator member (74) that is associated with the guide member (73) which here are placed on top of the rotorblade (75), for accelerating the material in two phases; that is, in a first phase with the aid of guiding along the guiding surface (76) that extends towards the outer edge (77) of the rotor (71), such that the guided material is brought into a spiral path (78) directed backwards, viewed from a standpoint moving with the guide member (73).
  • Figure 13 shows only one accelerator unit (72).
  • the accelerator member (74) is provided with a acceleration surface (79), that is oriented essentially transversely to the spiral path (78), for accelerating the guided material in a second phase by striking (impact) by the acceleration surface (79), the various aspects being such that the first acceleration phase (guide member (73) takes place a shorter radial distance away from the axis of rotation (80) than the second acceleration phase, which occurs an appreciably greater radial distance away.
  • the accelerator block (81) of the accelerator member (74) extends, from the acceleration surface (79) backwards (79 ⁇ 83), (at least) along an extension (82) of the spiral path (78), in such a way that when the acceleration (impact) surface (79) moves backwards (79 ⁇ 83) when the accelerator block (81) wears out, the acceleration surface (79 ⁇ 83) stays oriented essentially transversally to the spiral path (78)(82).
  • the acceleration surface (79) at least circumscribes the spiral path (78). It has also to be taken into account that the position of the spiral path (78) can shift somewhat when the guide member (73) wears out. Furthermore, it is important that the spiral path (78) is not directed too low (or too high) because a parallel directed strengthening member (84) can than be heavily subjected to impacting particles. Because the strengthening member (84) has a much lower hardness than the white iron alloy part of the accelerator block (81), it will wear out much faster. The height (location) of the spiral path (78) can be adjusted with the height of the metering member (85).
  • FIGs 14 and 15 show, diagrammatically, a second embodiment of a rotatable rotor (86) according to the invention for accelerating particle material in two phases with the aid of an accelerator unit (245) that consist out of a first (87) and a second (88) rotating accelerator member that is associated with the first accelerator (87) member, for comminution of the material by impact against a stationary impact member that is positioned around the rotor (86) but is not shown here; and comprises a rotor (86) that is able to rotate about an essentially vertical axis of rotation (89), which rotor (86) is provided with a rotorblade (90) that is directed essentially transversally to the axis of rotation (89).
  • an accelerator unit (245) that consist out of a first (87) and a second (88) rotating accelerator member that is associated with the first accelerator (87) member, for comminution of the material by impact against a stationary impact member that is positioned around the rotor (86) but is not
  • the rotor (86) is provided with a metering member (91) for metering the material onto the metering surface (92) at a place near the axis of rotation (89).
  • Both accelerator members (87)(88) are symmetrical and the rotor (86) can therefore rotate in both directions (93), that is forward (94) and backward (95).
  • the second accelerator member (88) that is provided with a forward (96) and a backward (97) directed acceleration (impact) surface has been described in detail in Figures 6 and 7.
  • the first accelerator member (87) is cylindrical and provided with two first acceleration surfaces (forward (98) and backward (99)), for accelerating the metered material in a first phase with the aid of guiding along the first acceleration surface (98)(99), in such a way that the guided material is brought into a spiral path (100) directed backwards, viewed from a standpoint moving with the first accelerator member (87).
  • the rotor (86) has a stepped design with both accelerator members (87)(88) located at a level above the rotorblade (90).
  • the rotorblade (90) is therefore provided with support members; a first support member (101) for carrying the first accelerator member (87) and the second support member (102) for carrying the second accelerator member (88).
  • the attaching arrangement (103) of the first accelerator member (87) is here also a hook member.
  • the first accelerator members (87) are kept in place by centrifugal force (centrifugal locking) and the position is further secured by the metering plate (91), which has to be taken out when the first accelerator member (87) has to be exchanged because of wear.
  • the second accelerator member (88) is provided with two second acceleration surfaces (forward (96) and backward (97)), which are oriented essentially transversely to the respective spiral paths (100)(104), for accelerating the guided material in a second phase by striking by the second acceleration surface (97)(97). During impact against the second acceleration surface (96)(97) the material is simultaneously loaded and accelerated.
  • FIGs 16 and 17 show, diagrammatically, a third embodiment of a rotatable rotor (105) according to the invention, essentially similar to the second embodiment from Figures 14 and 15 , but the rotor (105) is here provided with additional protruding accelerator members (106) for accelerating rebounding material (that rebounds after it has collided with a stationary impact member that is positioned around the rotor (not shown here)) in a third phase.
  • the protruding accelerator members (106) protrude from the edge (107) of the rotor (105) and are clamped in the rotor (105) with a clamp member (108) which is essentially a kind of dove tail; and the clamp opening (109) in the rotor (105) acts as support member.
  • the transversal side surface (110) of the protruding accelerator member (106) that is provided with the strengthening member (111) is directed essentially transversal to the plane of rotation (112) and is directed towards the axis of rotation (113).
  • the attaching arrangement or clamp member (108) is part of the strengthening member (111).
  • the (third) protruding accelerator member (106) is also symmetrical and provided with two (third) acceleration surfaces, forward (117) and backward (116) directed, and the rotor (105) is therefore rotatable in both directions (118).
  • the protruding part (119) is the white iron part and also protects the outer edge surface (120) of the rotor (105) against wear.
  • the invention it is also possible to use another type of attaching arrangement for the protruding accelerator member (106), for example pivotly attached and the invention allows for the possibility that the accelerator member (106) protrudes from the edge (107) of the rotor (105) at a level above and underneath the rotorblade (121) (not shown here).
  • the invention allows also for the possibility that the first (114) and/or second (115) accelerator members are also pivotaly attached.
  • FIGS 18, 19 and 20 show, diagrammatically, a fourth embodiment of a rotatable rotor (122) according to the invention, wherein the accelerator unit is provided with one accelerator member (123) for accelerating the material in one phase.
  • the accelerator member (123) is here symmetrical V-shaped and placed on top of the rotorblade (124) with the V (125) pointing towards the axis of rotation (126) and provided with two (forward (127) and backward (128) directed) acceleration surfaces (sliding surfaces) which extend towards the outer edge (129) of the rotor (122), for accelerating the metered material with the aid of centrifugal sliding along the acceleration surface (127)(128).
  • the attaching arrangement (130) is here a hook member for centrifugal locking but other attaching arrangements are possible according the invention.
  • the material is metered on the metering surface (131) of the metering member (132) and from there taken up by the acceleration surface (127)(128).
  • the metering member (132) is here in two parts, a central part (134) that is exchangeable but normally stays in place and an outer part (135) that secures the position of the accelerator members (123) and has to be taken out when the accelerator members (123) are replaced.
  • Such a two-part metering member (132)(134)(135) has the advantage that, because the wear concentrates on the outer part (135), only the outer part (135) has to be exchanged regularly; the central part (134) has normally a much longer lifetime and has to be exchanged at much longer intervals. Also less weight has to be lifted during the exchange procedure.
  • the outer part (135) of the metering member (132) extends along a part (136) of the acceleration surface (127)(128) such that the material is picked up by the acceleration surface (127)(128) at a location above the outer surface (137) of the rotor (122) that extends between the outer edge (138) of the metering surface (139) of the outer part (135) and the outer edge (129) of the rotorblade (124); and consequently moves along the acceleration surface (127)(128) at a level above the rotorblade (124) limiting the wear along the rotorblade (124).
  • the outer surface (137) of the rotorblade (124) between the accelerator members (123) is covered by a wear protection plate (140) which is locked in the rotorblade (124) with the aid of two projections (141) which fit into notches (142) in the rotorblade (124); and can be further secured by bolts (207) for which the outer part (135) of the metering member (132) is provided with lock strips (143) which here also carry the outer part (135) of the metering member (132). By placing a ring (not shown here) on these lock strips (143) the height of the metering surface (144) of the outer part (135) is adjustable.
  • FIGS 21 and 22 show, diagrammatically, a fifth embodiment of a rotatable rotor (145) according to the invention.
  • the symmetrical rotor (145) is rotatable around an essentially vertical axis of rotation (146) and is provided with an accelerator unit (147) for two-phase acceleration; that is a guide member (148) and an associated accelerator member (149) which are positioned underneath the rotorblade (150); and are both attached with an attaching arrangement (151)(152) for centrifugal locking.
  • the rotor (145) has a central hole (153) in the middle for metering the material on a metering member (154) at a location underneath the rotorblade (150), which metering member (154) here actually carries the rotorblade (150) with supports (155) that also carry the guide members (148).
  • the metering member (154) is carried by an axis (156).
  • the material is picked up by the guide members (148) which bring the material in a spiral path (157) (when seen from a position moving with the guide members (148)) towards the accelerator members (149) of which the acceleration surfaces (158)(159) are directed essentially transversally to the respective spiral paths (157).
  • the free hanging accelerator members (149) have the advantage that no or only a limited amount of wear takes place underneath the rotorblade (150) and the outer edge (160) of the rotor (145).
  • the accelerator member (149) fits in a lockhole (161) in the rotorblade (150) and is carried by a hook member (162) that is directed towards the axis of rotation (146) and two notches (163).
  • the rotorblade (150) is on top (164) around the outer edge (160) provided with a lockring (165) that is provided with open lockspaces (166) at the locations of the accelerator members (149) in which open lockspaces (166) a lockplate (167) fits which secures the accelerator member (149); and the lockplate (167) is secured by centrifugal force (centrifugal locking).
  • FIGs 23 and 24 shows, diagrammatically, a sixth embodiment of a rotatable rotor (168) according to the invention, which is essentially similar to the fifth embodiment from Figures 21 and 22; but here the rotorblade (169) is on top (170) provided with a hollow axis (171) that carries the rotor (168); and the metering member (172) is carried by the rotorblade (169) with the aid of support members (173) and is located free underneath the rotorblade (169). Metering takes here place through a stationary hollow feedpipe (174) that is positioned in the hollow axis (171).
  • the metering member (172) it is possible also to support the metering member (172) with an support axis (here shown with dotted lines) (175), which makes a very strong construction.
  • the rotor (168) is driven by the hollow axis (171) and the drive and the bearings are not shown here; optionally the rotor (168) can be supported by the support axis (175) which is not separately driven but is provided with bearings (not shown here).
  • FIG. 25 shows, diagrammatically, a seventh embodiment of a rotatable rotor (176) according to the invention for accelerating the material.
  • the drawing is here not provided with the accelerator members etc.; only a reinforced outer edge protection member (177) is shown which can be applied for each of the rotors according to the invention.
  • the outer edge (178) of the rotor (176) is here provided with wear plates (179) for protection against wear.
  • the wear plates (179) are of a structural composite member essentially similar to the structural composite accelerator members (1); that is, an unalloyed steel strengthening member (180) provided with a dove tail (181) as attaching arrangement which along the outside (182) (attachment side) is connected with a white iron alloy part that functions as wear block (183) (plate).
  • Such a reinforced outer edge protection member (177) is much stronger than a plain white iron edge protection member which are normally used with the known rotors and have a strong tendency to break under influence of impact of rebounding material.
  • the invention allows for the possibility that the metering member and the support protection member are also reinforced; that is provided with a strengthening member underneath.
  • the accelerator members these parts are on top made out of a white iron alloy and are underneath provided with a unalloyed or low alloy steel plate.
  • Figure 26 shows diagrammatically, an eight embodiment of a rotatable symmetric rotor (184) according to the invention, for accelerating the material in two phases, and provided with five sets of cylindrical guiding members (185) and associated V-shaped accelerator members (186).
  • the rotor (184) is operational in two directions (187) and the development of the wear along the accelerator members (186) is illustrated in five stages (I to V).
  • Stage I shows a fresh accelerator member (188) at the start of the production.
  • Stage II shows how the wear (189) develops along the first side (190) of the accelerator member (186) and stage III shows the situation when the first side (191) wears through completely (192).
  • Feed material is than no longer loaded and crushed, increasing the oversize that is produced and consequently the recirculation load; that is, the oversize that is fed back to the rotor (184) (crusher).
  • This increase in oversize can be observed visually which can be a signal for reversing the direction of rotation.
  • the increase in oversize can also be automatically detected when the recirculation belt (not shown here) is provided with a weighing belt device (not shown here). When the oversize increases above a certain maximum, this can provide a signal for automatic reverse (193 ⁇ 194) of the direction of rotation of the rotor (184) when stage III has been reached.
  • Stage IV shows the wear pattern (195) that develops on the other (second) side (196) of the accelerator member (186) when the direction of rotation (194) is reversed and stage V shows the situation when also this second side (197) has completely worn out (198).
  • the weighing belt device (not shown here) will now again indicate too much oversize (recirculation load), and this can be a signal for automatic stop of the rotor (184) when stage V has been reached. This makes it possible to operate the rotor very easy in a fully automatic way.
  • FIG. 27 shows diagrammatically, a ninth embodiment of a symmetrical rotor (199) according to the invention that is rotatable in two directions located in a crusher (200) and is provided with a driving mechanism (not shown here) that is provided with a control system (not shown here) for controlling the rotational velocity of the rotor (199) and the direction of rotation of the rotor (199),
  • crusher (200) is provided with a first belt unit (201) that collects the crushed material from the crusher (200) and directs the crushed material towards a sieve unit (202) that separates the oversize (203) and the undersize (204) from the crushed material, which oversize (203) is returned to the crusher (200) with the aid of a recirculation belt unit (205) that collects the oversize (203) from the sieve (202), which amount of oversize (203) increases to a significant degree when the accelerator member (206) is completely worn out (stage III in Figure 26 ) and consequently becomes less and less functional, which recirculation belt (205) is provided with a weighing
  • the direction of rotation of the rotor (199) can be reversed when the amount (203) of oversize that is returned to the rotor (199) exceeds a certain maximum.
  • the second side of the accelerator member (206) also wears out completely (stage V in Figure 26 ) the same procedure makes it possible for the rotation of the rotor (199) to be stopped when the amount of oversize (203) that is returned to the rotor (199) exceeds a certain maximum; and a signal can be given (alarm) that the accelerator members (206) have to be exchanged. Because the amount of oversize increases gradually it is even possible to provide a signal when stage V is almost reached which makes it possible for the operator to be stand by when the accelerator members (206) have to be replaced.
  • Figure 28 shows diagrammatically, a tenth embodiment of a non-symmetrical (209) rotor according to the invention that is rotatable in one direction only (210).
  • the rotor (209) is for illustration purposes equipped with accelerator members which are provided with similar accelerator blocks, but the strengthening members are equipped with different attaching arrangements.
  • a first attaching arrangement (211) ( Figure 29 ) is provided with a hook member (212) for centrifugal locking only.
  • the acceleration surface (213) is provided with two guiding strips along the bottom (214) and the top (215) to keep the material stream moving along the centre (216) of the acceleration surface (213).
  • a second attaching arrangement (217) ( Figure 30 ) is provided with a dove tail (like) member (218) for centrifugal locking.
  • a third attaching arrangement (219) ( Figure 31 ) is provided with a protruding stub (220) that extends outward from the bottom side (221) of the strengthening member (222) into a bracket hole (223) in the rotorblade (224) that acts as support member.
  • a resilient locking element (225) is placed in a groove (226) to secure the accelerator member (227) in place.
  • the protruding stub (220) is provided with a notch (228) that fits into the rotorblade (224).
  • a fourth attaching arrangement (229) ( Figure 32 ) is provided with a protruding stub (230) that extends outward from the bottom side (231) from the strengthening member (232) into a bracket hole (233) in the rotorblade (224) that acts as support member.
  • Both the protruding stub (230) and the bracket hole (233) are angled slightly inwards with 2-4 degrees ( ⁇ ) with respect to a line (234) parallel to the axis of rotation (235) for centrifugal locking.
  • the protruding stub (230) is provided with a notch (237) that fits into the rotorblade (224).
  • This fourth attaching arrangement (239) allows for very easy and quick exchange of the accelerator member (236).
  • the accelerator member (227)(236)(238)(239) can be additionally secured with a metering member (240). It is also important that the outer part (241) of the surface of the rotorblade (224) between the accelerator members (227)(236)(238)(239) is provided with wear plates (242) that protect both the rotorblade (224) and the edge (243) of the strengthening member (244) against sliding wear.
  • the rotor and the accelerator members according the invention can be implemented with any other embodiment mentioned here in the invention - and embodiments derived therefrom.
  • the support member can be located behind but also underneath the accelerator member, while many other fixing members also being conceivable according to the invention.
  • the invention provides a possibility for at least one of the plate surfaces to be at least partially parallel to the acceleration surface, and provides a possibility for at least one of the plate surfaces to be at least partially oriented perpendicularly to the acceleration surface.

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Claims (43)

  1. Dispositif d'accélération rotatif pour accélérer une matière particulaire à l'aide d'au moins un membre faisant office d'accélérateur composite structurel rotatif en au moins une phase, pour la comminution de ladite matière par choc, comprenant :
    - un rotor (86) qui est à même de tourner autour d'un axe de rotation (2) (41) (89) dans au moins une direction de rotation, ledit rotor (86) étant muni d'au moins une ailette de rotor (90) qui est orientée essentiellement en direction transversale par rapport audit axe de rotation (2) (41) (89) ;
    - un membre de dosage (91) pour doser ladite matière sur ledit rotor (86) ;
    - au moins une unité d'accélération (245) qui est au moins constituée par un membre séparé faisant office d'accélérateur (1) (13) (39) (87) (88) pour accélérer ladite matière dosée en au moins une phase, ladite ailette de rotor (90) étant munie d'un membre de support (101) (102) pour supporter ledit membre faisant office d'accélérateur (1) (13) (39) (87) (88), ledit membre faisant office d'accélérateur (1) (13) (39) (87) (88) étant situé à une certaine distance dudit axe de rotation (2) (41) (89) et étant constitué par au moins un bloc d'accélération (3) (45) qui est réalisé à partir d'au moins une pièce en alliage de marcassite (14) (247) (248) (249), ladite pièce en alliage de marcassite (14) (247) (248) (249) étant muni d'au moins une surface d'accélération (4) (16) (46) (47) (98) (99) qui s'étend au moins en partie vers l'extérieur lorsqu'on regarde à partir dudit axe de rotation (2) (41) (89) et qui est orientée essentiellement perpendiculairement au plan de rotation (5) (44) (246), ladite pièce en alliage de marcassite (14) (247) (248) (249) pouvant être munie d'au moins une cavité (15) qui s'étend le long d'au moins une partie de ladite surface d'accélération (16) et qui peut être remplie avec une matière de charge dont la composition est différente de celle de ladite pièce en alliage de marcassite (14) (247) (248) (249), de telle sorte que ladite surface d'accélération (16) est constituée en partie par ladite matière de charge qui est entourée au moins en partie par ladite pièce en alliage de marcassite (14) (247) (248) (249), ladite pièce en alliage de marcassite (14) (247) (248) (249) dudit bloc d'accélération (3) (45) étant munie d'un membre de renforcement (7) (43), ledit membre de renforcement (7) (43) étant muni d'un côté de fixation (8), la surface latérale transversale (6) (42) de ladite pièce en alliage de marcassite (14) (247) (248) (249) étant munie d'une surface de fixation (9), de telle sorte qu'au moins une partie dudit côté de fixation (8) et au moins une partie de ladite surface de fixation (9) sont jointes l'une à l'autre pour former un membre composite renforcé structurel faisant office d'accélérateur (1) (13) (39) (87) (88), ledit membre de renforcement (7) (43) étant constitué d'acier non allié ou faiblement allié qui, après le durcissement thermique dudit membre faisant office d'accélérateur (1) (13) (39) (87) (88), possède une résistance à la traction notablement supérieure à celle de ladite pièce en alliage de marcassite (14) (247) (248) (249), ledit membre de renforcement (7) (43) étant muni d'un arrangement de fixation (10) (50) (103) pour la fixation dudit membre faisant office d'accélérateur (1) (13) (39) (87) (88) audit membre de support (101) (102), de telle sorte que ledit membre faisant office d'accélérateur (1) (13) (39) (87) (88) peut être démonté à des fins de remplacement à cause de problèmes d'usure,
    - caractérisé en ce que :
    - ledit côté de fixation est orienté essentiellement en direction transversale par rapport à ladite surface d'accélération et étant disposée à un endroit situé le long et à l'extérieur de la zone d'usure qui se forme lorsque ledit membre faisant office d'accélérateur s'use sous l'influence de l'usure générée au cours de l'accélération desdites particules par glissement et/ou par choc, de telle sorte que ledit arrangement de fixation n'est pas endommagé lorsque ledit membre faisant d'office d'accélérateur est victime d'une usure complète.
  2. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite surface latérale transversale est orientée essentiellement parallèlement audit plan de rotation.
  3. Dispositif d'accélération selon revendication 1, dans lequel ladite surface latérale transversale est orientée en formant légèrement un angle par rapport audit plan de rotation.
  4. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite surface latérale transversale est orientée essentiellement en direction transversale par rapport audit plan de rotation et n'est pas orientée vers l'extérieur lorsqu'on regarde à partir dudit axe de rotation, et est munie dudit membre de renforcement.
  5. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit membre de renforcement est muni d'un côté de fixation qui décrit une surface essentiellement rectiligne, et ledit bloc d'accélération est muni d'une surface de fixation qui décrit une surface essentiellement rectiligne, de telle sorte qu'au moins une partie dudit côté de fixation dudit membre de renforcement et au moins une partie de ladite surface de fixation dudit bloc d'accélération sont jointes l'une à l'autre le long d'un plan de fixation essentiellement rectiligne pour former ledit membre composite structurel faisant office d'accélérateur, ledit bloc d'accélérateur étant disposé essentiellement d'un côté d'un plan de séparation rectiligne dans lequel est situé ledit plan de fixation, et ledit membre de renforcement est disposé essentiellement de l'autre côté dudit plan de séparation.
  6. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite unité d'accélération est munie d'au moins un premier membre faisant office d'accélérateur et d'un deuxième membre faisant office d'accélérateur qui est associé audit premier membre faisant office d'accélérateur, pour accélérer ladite matière en deux phases, ledit premier membre faisant office d'accélérateur étant muni d'au moins une première surface d'accélération pour accélérer ladite matière dosée dans une première phase à l'aide d'un guidage le long de ladite première surface d'accélération, de telle sorte que ladite matière guidée est amenée dans une voie en spirale orientée vers l'arrière, lorsqu'on regarde à partir d'un point de vue qui se déplace avec ledit premier membre faisant office d'accélérateur, ledit deuxième membre faisant office d'accélérateur étant muni d'au moins une deuxième surface d'accélération qui est orientée essentiellement transversalement par rapport à ladite voie en spirale pour accélérer ladite matière guidée dans une deuxième phase en étant heurtée par ladite deuxième surface d'accélération, les divers aspects étant tels que ladite première phase d'accélération a lieu à une distance radiale plus courte à l'écart dudit axe de rotation que ladite distance à laquelle a lieu ladite deuxième phase d'accélération qui se produit à une distance radiale notablement supérieure.
  7. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite unité d'accélération est munie d'au moins un membre de guidage et d'un membre d'accélération qui est associé audit membre de guidage, pour accélérer ladite matière en deux phases, ledit membre de guidage étant muni d'au moins une surface de guidage qui s'étend au moins en partie en direction dudit bord externe dudit rotor, pour accélérer ladite matière dosée dans une première phase à l'aide d'un guidage le long de ladite surface de guidage, de telle sorte que ladite matière guidée est amenée dans une voie en spirale orientée vers l'arrière lorsqu'on regarde à partir d'un point de vue qui se déplace avec ledit membre de guidage, la surface d'accélération dudit membre faisant office d'accélérateur étant orientée essentiellement transversalement par rapport à ladite voie en spirale pour accélérer ladite matière guidée dans une deuxième phase en étant heurtée par ladite surface d'accélération, les divers aspects étant tels que ladite première phase d'accélération a lieu à une distance radiale plus courte à l'écart dudit axe de rotation que ladite distance à laquelle a lieu ladite deuxième phase d'accélération qui se produit à une distance radiale notablement supérieure.
  8. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite unité d'accélération est munie d'au moins un membre faisant office d'accélérateur et d'un membre de collision qui est associé audit membre faisant office d'accélérateur, pour accélérer ladite matière en deux phases, ladite première phase de l'accélération ayant lieu à l'aide dudit membre faisant office d'accélérateur en guidant ladite matière dosée le long de ladite surface d'accélération, de telle sorte que ladite matière guidée est amenée dans une voie en spirale orientée vers l'arrière lorsqu'on regarde à partir d'un point de vue qui se déplace avec ledit membre faisant office d'accélérateur, la surface de collision dudit membre de collision, qui s'étend au moins en partie en direction dudit bord externe dudit rotor, étant orientée essentiellement transversalement par rapport à ladite voie en spirale pour accélérer ladite matière guidée dans une deuxième phase en étant heurtée par ladite surface de collision, les divers aspects étant tels que ladite première phase d'accélération a lieu à une distance radiale plus courte à l'écart dudit axe de rotation que ladite distance à laquelle a lieu ladite deuxième phase d'accélération qui se produit à une distance radiale notablement supérieure.
  9. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite unité d'accélération est munie d'un membre faisant office d'accélérateur pour accélérer ladite matière en une phase, ledit membre faisant office d'accélérateur comportant au moins une surface de glissement qui s'étend au moins en partie en direction dudit bord externe dudit rotor pour accélérer ladite matière dosée à l'aide d'un glissement le long de ladite surface de guidage.
  10. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit membre de support est disposé entre ledit membre faisant office d'accélérateur et ladite ailette de rotor.
  11. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit membre de support s'étend au moins en partie dans ladite ailette de rotor.
  12. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit membre de support s'étend au moins entre deux ailettes de rotor parallèles.
  13. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit rotor tourne autour d'un axe de rotation orienté essentiellement à la verticale et ladite ailette de rotor est orientée vers le haut.
  14. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit rotor tourne autour d'un axe de rotation orienté essentiellement à la verticale et ladite ailette de rotor est orientée vers le bas.
  15. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit membre faisant office d'accélérateur n'est pas fixé en immobilité audit membre de support.
  16. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 15, dans lequel ledit membre faisant office d'accélérateur est fixé en pivotement audit membre de support.
  17. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 15, dans lequel ledit membre faisant office d'accélérateur est muni d'une surface d'accélération du type à rotation automatique.
  18. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 17, dans lequel ledit bloc d'accélération décrit essentiellement un solide de révolution dont l'axe de révolution est essentiellement parallèle audit axe de rotation, et dont la surface de révolution est munie de ladite surface d'accélération.
  19. Dispositif d'accélération selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 16, dans lequel ladite unité d'accélération est munie d'un membre faisant office d'accélérateur dont au moins la surface d'accélération fait saillie au moins en partie par rapport au bord de ladite ailette de rotor.
  20. Dispositif d'accélération selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 et 7, dans lequel ledit bloc d'accélération dudit deuxième membre faisant office d'accélérateur s'étend à partir de ladite surface d'accélération au moins le long d'un prolongement de ladite voie en spirale.
  21. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit rotor tourne dans deux directions, à savoir une direction vers l'avant et une direction vers l'arrière.
  22. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 21, dans lequel ledit membre faisant office d'accélérateur est muni de deux blocs d'accélération séparés essentiellement identiques, chacun étant muni d'une surface d'accélération, qui sont orientés essentiellement dans des directions opposées, c'est-à-dire dans ladite direction vers l'avant et dans ladite direction vers l'arrière, de telle sorte que ledit membre faisant office d'accélérateur présente une symétrie spéculaire par rapport à un plan de symétrie s'étendant à partir dudit axe de rotation, qui coupe ledit membre faisant office d'accélérateur, à mi-distance entre lesdites surfaces d'accélération.
  23. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 21, dans lequel ledit membre faisant office d'accélérateur est muni d'un bloc d'accélération qui est muni de deux surfaces d'accélération qui sont orientées essentiellement dans des directions opposées, c'est-à-dire dans ladite direction vers l'avant et dans ladite direction vers l'arrière, de telle sorte que ledit membre faisant office d'accélérateur présente une symétrie spéculaire par rapport à un plan de symétrie s'étendant à partir dudit axe de rotation, qui coupe ledit membre faisant office d'accélérateur, à mi-distance entre lesdites surfaces d'accélération.
  24. Dispositif d'accélération selon l'une quelconque des revendications 22 et 23, dans lequel ledit membre faisant office d'accélérateur, du type à symétrie spéculaire, décrit essentiellement une configuration en V, dont la pointe n'est pas orientée en direction dudit axe de rotation.
  25. Dispositif d'accélération selon l'une quelconque des revendications 22 et 23, dans lequel ledit membre faisant office d'accélérateur, du type à symétrie spéculaire, décrit essentiellement une configuration en V, dont la pointe est orientée en direction dudit axe de rotation.
  26. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit membre de renforcement possède une configuration différente d'une configuration plate.
  27. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit arrangement de fixation présente la configuration d'un membre en forme de crochet, qui est construit de telle sorte que ledit membre faisant office d'accélérateur vient s'ancrer fermement contre ledit membre de support sous l'influence de la force centrifuge pour obtenir un verrouillage centrifuge.
  28. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit arrangement de fixation présente la configuration d'un membre en forme de queue d'aronde, qui est construit de telle sorte que ledit membre faisant office d'accélérateur vient s'ancrer fermement contre ledit membre de support sous l'influence de la force centrifuge pour obtenir un verrouillage centrifuge.
  29. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit arrangement de fixation est muni d'un élément séparé.
  30. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 29, dans lequel ledit élément séparé est constitué par au moins un membre faisant office de boulon.
  31. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 29, dans lequel ledit élément séparé possède essentiellement la configuration d'un membre de serrage.
  32. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 27, dans lequel ledit arrangement de fixation est muni d'un talon faisant saillie qui s'étend vers l'extérieur par rapport au côté inférieur dudit membre de renforcement pour pénétrer dans un trou de support pratiqué dans ladite ailette de rotor qui fait office de membre de support.
  33. Dispositif d'accélération selon revendication 32, dans lequel ledit talon faisant saillie forme un angle orienté légèrement (2 à 4 degrés) vers l'arrière par rapport à l'axe de rotation.
  34. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 1, dans lequel, après le durcissement thermique dudit membre faisant office d'accélérateur, la dureté dudit alliage de marcassite est supérieure à Rc55.
  35. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite matière de charge est constituée au moins en partie de métal dur.
  36. Dispositif selon la revendication 35, dans lequel, par métal dur on entend un alliage d'au moins un constituant dur, résistant à l'usure sous la forme de carbure de tungstène ou de carbure de titane et d'au moins un constituant de métal mou sous la forme de cobalt, de fer ou de nickel.
  37. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite matière de charge est constituée au moins en partie d'une matière céramique.
  38. Dispositif selon la revendication 37, dans lequel par matière céramique on entend une matière qui est constituée au moins en partie d'oxyde d'aluminium (Al2O3).
  39. Dispositif selon la revendication 37, dans lequel par matière céramique on entend une matière qui est constituée au moins en partie d'oxyde de silicium (SiO2).
  40. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite cavité est remplie avec un dépôt de ladite matière particulaire sous l'influence de la force centrifuge, en générant une surface d'accélération qui est constituée par un lit autogène de ladite matière particulaire entouré par ledit alliage de marcassite.
  41. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit rotor est disposé dans un dispositif d'écrasement et est muni d'un mécanisme d'entraînement qui est équipé d'un système de commande pour commander la vitesse de rotation dudit rotor et la direction de rotation dudit rotor, ledit dispositif d'écrasement étant muni d'une unité en forme de courroie qui récolte la matière broyée et qui dirige ladite matière broyée en direction d'une unité de tamisage qui sépare le refus de ladite matière broyée, ledit refus étant renvoyé audit dispositif d'écrasement à l'aide d'une unité sous la forme d'une courroie de recirculation qui récolte la matière de refus émanant dudit tamis, la quantité dudit refus augmentant à un degré significatif lorsque ledit membre faisant office d'accélérateur subit une usure complète et par conséquent devient moins fonctionnel, ladite courroie de recirculation étant munie d'un système de pesée qui mesure la quantité de ladite matière de refus et qui signale ce poids en retour audit système de commande.
  42. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 41, dans lequel, à l'aide dudit système de commande et dudit signal, la direction de rotation dudit rotor peut être inversée lorsque la quantité de refus qui est renvoyé audit rotor dépasse une certaine valeur maximale.
  43. Dispositif d'accélération selon la revendication 41, dans lequel, à l'aide dudit système de commande et dudit signal, la rotation dudit rotor peut être arrêtée lorsque la quantité de refus qui est renvoyé audit rotor dépasse une certaine valeur maximale.
EP03761865A 2002-06-26 2003-06-25 Element accelerateur composite structurel Expired - Lifetime EP1567272B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
WOPCT/NL02/00425 2002-06-26
PCT/NL2002/000425 WO2003000423A2 (fr) 2001-06-26 2002-06-26 Plaque de renfort et procede d'utilisation associe
PCT/NL2002/000677 WO2003035262A1 (fr) 2001-10-25 2002-10-24 Rotor etage
WOPCT/NL02/00677 2002-10-24
WOPCT/NL02/00705 2002-11-05
PCT/NL2002/000705 WO2003039752A1 (fr) 2001-11-05 2002-11-05 Rotor comprenant un element support amovible
NL1021940 2002-11-18
NL1021940A NL1021940C2 (nl) 2002-11-05 2002-11-18 Inslagorgaan met draagorgaan.
PCT/NL2003/000469 WO2004002630A1 (fr) 2002-06-26 2003-06-25 Element accelerateur composite structurel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1567272A1 EP1567272A1 (fr) 2005-08-31
EP1567272B1 true EP1567272B1 (fr) 2006-07-12

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EP03761865A Expired - Lifetime EP1567272B1 (fr) 2002-06-26 2003-06-25 Element accelerateur composite structurel

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EP (1) EP1567272B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE332750T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE60306803T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2268425T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004002630A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1036747C (en) * 2008-10-20 2010-04-21 Johannes Petrus Andreas Josephus Van Der Zanden Sliding member that is pivotly attached along one side to an open rotor.
US20110155832A1 (en) * 2008-07-15 2011-06-30 Synside Maatschap Sliding member that is pivotly attached along one side to an open rotor
WO2013113495A1 (fr) 2012-02-01 2013-08-08 DICHTER, Ingrid Bloc coulissant et organe de fixation

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2018496A1 (de) * 1970-04-17 1971-10-28 Hazemag Hartzerkleinerungs- und Zement-Maschinenbau GmbH, 4400 Münster Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Prallmühle
AU2276083A (en) * 1982-12-21 1984-03-22 Vickers Australia Ltd. Abrasion resistant facing
ZA844074B (en) * 1983-05-30 1986-04-30 Vickers Australia Ltd Abrasion resistant materials
US4787564A (en) * 1984-11-23 1988-11-29 Garry Tucker Rock-crusher shoe
DE3618195A1 (de) * 1986-05-30 1987-12-03 Werner Schatz Hammer zum zerkleinern von beton, gestein oder dergleichen
DE3911086C2 (de) * 1988-10-10 1994-10-20 Gronholz Claus Prallbrecher
DE19528512C2 (de) * 1995-08-03 2001-02-22 Swb Stahlformgusgmbh Verschleißteile und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
US6033791A (en) * 1997-04-04 2000-03-07 Smith And Stout Research And Development, Inc. Wear resistant, high impact, iron alloy member and method of making the same
EP1084751A1 (fr) * 1999-09-20 2001-03-21 Van der Zanden, Johannes Petrus Andreas Josephus Procédé et dispositif de broyage par collision synchronisée et symmétrique
NL1019297C1 (nl) * 2001-06-26 2003-01-07 Johannes Petrus Andreas Zanden Versnellingsblok met verstevigingsdeel.

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Publication number Publication date
EP1567272A1 (fr) 2005-08-31
ATE332750T1 (de) 2006-08-15
ES2268425T3 (es) 2007-03-16
DE60306803D1 (de) 2006-08-24
DE60306803T2 (de) 2007-07-12
WO2004002630A1 (fr) 2004-01-08

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