EP1525514A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum einstellen der tonerkonzentration in der entwicklerstation eines elektrofotografischen druckers oder kopierers - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum einstellen der tonerkonzentration in der entwicklerstation eines elektrofotografischen druckers oder kopierersInfo
- Publication number
- EP1525514A1 EP1525514A1 EP03771073A EP03771073A EP1525514A1 EP 1525514 A1 EP1525514 A1 EP 1525514A1 EP 03771073 A EP03771073 A EP 03771073A EP 03771073 A EP03771073 A EP 03771073A EP 1525514 A1 EP1525514 A1 EP 1525514A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- consumption value
- manipulated variable
- toner concentration
- concentration
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
- G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
- G03G15/0822—Arrangements for preparing, mixing, supplying or dispensing developer
- G03G15/0848—Arrangements for testing or measuring developer properties or quality, e.g. charge, size, flowability
- G03G15/0849—Detection or control means for the developer concentration
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
- G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
- G03G15/0822—Arrangements for preparing, mixing, supplying or dispensing developer
- G03G15/0848—Arrangements for testing or measuring developer properties or quality, e.g. charge, size, flowability
- G03G15/0849—Detection or control means for the developer concentration
- G03G15/0853—Detection or control means for the developer concentration the concentration being measured by magnetic means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for adjusting the toner concentration of a toner particle / carrier particle mixture in a developer station of a printer or copier, and an apparatus for developing a latent charge image on an intermediate carrier of an electrophotographic printer or copier.
- the toner particles serve to color the latent charge image on the intermediate carrier.
- the toner is then transferred from the intermediate carrier onto a recording medium, e.g. Transfer paper.
- carrier particles Small iron or steel granules are known, for example, as carrier particles. These typically have a two-fold function: on the one hand, the toner particles become triboelectrically charged when the mixture is mixed on the carrier particles, on the other hand the toner particles attach to the carrier particles and are adhered to the intermediate carrier.
- the transport of the carrier particles to the intermediate carrier is accomplished, for example, with a magnetic developer roller, on which the carrier particles attach.
- the electrically charged toner particles are transferred to the intermediate carrier in accordance with the electric field of the charge image, while the carrier particles remain in the developer station or are returned.
- toner is thus removed from the developer station by a corresponding supply of toner must be replaced in the developer station. It is necessary both for the quality of the printed image and for the trouble-free operation of the developer station that the toner concentration always corresponds to a predetermined value, hereinafter called the target value.
- control methods are usually used in which the current toner concentration, i.e. the actual value (or a variable dependent thereon) is measured and its difference from the target value, the so-called control deviation, is minimized by suitably setting a manipulated variable, for example the supply of toner.
- the magnetic permeability of the mixture can be measured with the aid of a sensor, which is characteristic of the toner concentration, since only the carrier particles can be magnetized.
- the senor cannot be arranged in the section of the developer station from which the toner for developing the charge image is actually removed, as will be explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment. Instead, the sensor must be placed in the so-called container of the developer station. This is problematic insofar as a toner concentration gradient arises within the developer station in the printing or copying operation, so that the toner concentration measured in the container deviates from the toner concentration relevant for the printing process in the toner removal area and the control is therefore based on a falsified actual value. Another problem is that the sensor measurement value is influenced by the current toner charge, which changes depending on the toner throughput, among other things. This can also falsify the underlying actual value.
- the toner concentration measurement with the aid of a toner mark is indirect in that the print density of the toner mark depends not only on the toner concentration but also on a number of other variables. These variables include, for example, the illumination intensity of a character generator, the degree of electrostatic charging of the toner, the intensity of the charging of the intermediate carrier and the magnitude of the voltage between the developer roller and the intermediate carrier.
- the toner concentration can only be reliably determined from the toner mark if all of these variables assume a known, constant value.
- Another problem with conventional methods for regulating the toner concentration is that the toner concentration is adjusted relatively slowly to the setpoint because the control gain has to be kept relatively low. Too high a control gain leads to unstable control behavior, an increase in susceptibility to interference and poorer management behavior.
- DE 199 00 164 AI shows a method and a device for regulating the toner concentration in an electrographic process.
- Two operating states are provided there.
- a toner mark is generated on the intermediate carrier, the density of the toner mark is scanned and the toner mark is removed from the intermediate carrier again.
- the sampled toner density value is used to regulate the toner concentration in the developer station and finds its influence, for example, in a nominal toner concentration value or in a regulating threshold value.
- information to be printed is generated on the intermediate carrier as a toner image and is reprinted on a recording medium.
- DE 196 31 261 AI shows a device for use in an electrophotographic device, with a first control device that uses the blackening of test marks to determine a target value for the toner concentration in a developer station, and a second control device that is arranged downstream of the first control device regulates the toner concentration in the developer station to this setpoint.
- the second control device has a sensor for determining the toner concentration in the developer station and, depending on the measured toner concentration, generates a toner replenishment signal which can optionally be modified by a signal which corresponds to a toner consumption value.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus which enables the development of a latent image with toner with high print quality.
- the toner concentration is measured in a mixture with a sensor arranged in the developer station and the toner supply is adjusted with an actuator, a current consumption value for toner particles being determined and a control unit for regulating the toner concentration depending on the signal from the sensor and the actuator controls determined consumption value.
- determining the consumption value is to be understood in a broad sense, meaning both a more or less precise measurement and a mere estimate. Examples of suitable estimates of the consumption value are given below.
- the errors in the direct measurement can be corrected to a certain extent, since both the spatial concentration gradient in the developer station and the electrostatic charging of the toner are related to the current toner consumption.
- the calculated toner concentration at the toner removal location can be entered as a controlled variable in the control unit and the actuator can be controlled by the control unit in such a way that the calculated toner concentration at the toner removal location is approximated to a target value.
- the current toner consumption value can be taken into account directly when regulating the toner concentration and not only when it manifests itself in a control deviation. This improves the dynamic behavior of the control.
- the actuator is preferably controlled by the combination of a first and a second manipulated variable, the first manipulated variable being measured according to the toner consumption value and the second manipulated variable based on the measured toner concentration.
- the first manipulated variable is preferably dimensioned such that it causes a toner supply that corresponds to the current toner consumption value.
- the current consumption value represents a disturbance variable that counteracts the first manipulated variable directly and without feedback.
- the second manipulated variable is preferred dimensioned so that it regulates the toner concentration to a target value.
- the "combination" of the two manipulated variables is simply an addition of the two.
- the first manipulated variable can be the output signal of a control chain, which is added to the signal of the second manipulated variable, which in turn is formed by the output signal of a control loop.
- the consumption value is converted into an auxiliary variable which is fed into the controller and is dimensioned such that it produces a manipulated variable which corresponds to a toner supply in accordance with the consumption value.
- the controller outputs a manipulated variable which is referred to here as a "combination" of two manipulated variables, namely a first manipulated variable which would result if only the auxiliary variable were fed into the controller would be fed, and a second manipulated variable, which would result if only the control deviation were fed into the controller.
- this combination of the first and second manipulated variable is not necessarily a sum, but a function of the two.
- the term “combination” of the two manipulated variables is to be understood in the present invention.
- the toner supply set on the actuator is assumed to be the toner consumption value.
- This choice of the estimated value results from the following consideration: If the method works as desired, the current toner concentration corresponds to its target value and the current toner supply corresponds to the current toner consumption. In this case, the current toner supply is a very good estimate of the current toner consumption. In this respect, the choice of the estimated value is self-consistent: the better the method works, the better the estimated value of the toner consumption, on the basis of which the method then works again works better. It has been shown that despite the implicit feedback, a stable control behavior can be obtained through a suitable choice of control parameters.
- the advantage of this special embodiment of the method is that the current toner supply is a quantity that is easy to grasp, so that this method can be used in conventional devices without major structural interventions.
- the toner consumption value is estimated from print data.
- the toner consumption value is preferably estimated from the number of pixels to be printed, weighted with its inking level.
- Such an estimate of the toner consumption value is already known from US Pat. No. 5,202,769, but is only used therein for the pure control of the toner supply, but not in the context of a regulation.
- mere control is unsuitable to set the toner concentration stable and safe over a long period of time, because small systematic deviations between actual and estimated toner consumption add up over time.
- the deviation from the actual and estimated toner consumption can become very large, so that a toner concentration in the developer station that is much too high or too low quickly arises, which, as mentioned above, can damage it.
- the toner consumption value can be estimated from the print data so precisely that the first manipulated variable, which is based on the toner consumption value, already causes a toner concentration in the developer station that is close to the target value for short and medium times.
- the second manipulated variable then causes only a relatively slight correction of the toner supply which is controlled by the first manipulated variable.
- the control dynamics are greatly improved because the pre-controlled portion of the toner supply, that is to say the first manipulated variable, reacts immediately to the determined toner consumption value and the second manipulated variable has to compensate for far fewer control deviations than in a conventional method.
- the toner consumption value can be estimated in an alternative development of the method from the number of pixels, weighted with its coloring level, which are set in the character generator producing the latent printed image.
- the pixels are preferably counted with the aid of an application-specific integrated circuit which is connected to the character generator.
- the toner consumption value is estimated on the basis of the current consumption of the character generator generating the latent charge image. This is possible because the toner consumption and the power consumption in the character generator are directly related. A certain amount of light energy is required to generate each pixel of the charge image, which in turn is reflected in the power consumption of the character generator.
- a toner consumption value that is sufficiently good for the purposes of the method according to the invention can be estimated from the power consumption.
- the advantage of this further developed method is that it can be implemented in existing printer and copier systems with minimal structural additions. In the context of the described method, the toner consumption value can be determined “in advance” for practical reasons.
- the consumption value is estimated from pressure data which are usually already present a certain time before the charge image is developed.
- the determined toner consumption value is preferably stored in a data buffer, for example a delay buffer, until the corresponding printed image is colored. Then the control unit for controlling the toner concentration can control the actuator depending on the determined consumption value at exactly the point in time at which the determined consumption actually takes place, which improves the control dynamics.
- the relative weighting of the first and second manipulated variable is varied in the course of the printing or copying process.
- the second manipulated variable is preferably suppressed in the starting phase of a printing or copying process and its weighting is increased when the state of the mixture in the developer station has stabilized. Because in the start-up phase, the toner concentration in the developer station can only be determined inaccurately, since the mixture run has not yet stabilized. Due to the imprecise concentration measurement in the start phase, it is advisable to rely on the first manipulated variable first.
- the controller unit preferably comprises a PID controller.
- the control parameters used are varied in the course of the printing or copying process.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic drawing of components of an electrophotographic printer
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a developer station with toner supply and control unit
- FIG. 3 shows a block diagram in which a conventional control method is shown
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a developer station, in which the location dependence of the toner concentration is shown as a model
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the toner concentration distribution in a developer station in a conventional control method
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the toner concentration distribution in a developer station in the control method according to the invention
- FIG. 10 shows the schematic structure of a control unit
- FIG. 11 shows the schematic structure of a further control unit
- FIG. 12 four schematic diagrams a-d, in which the determined toner consumption value (a), the actual one
- a photoconductor drum 10 is shown in cross section, the peripheral surface of which is coated with a photo semiconductor, for example arsenic triselenide (As 2 Se 3 ).
- a photo semiconductor for example arsenic triselenide (As 2 Se 3 ).
- As 2 Se 3 arsenic triselenide
- Such a photo semiconductor has a high dark resistance, which, however, drops with sufficient exposure.
- the photoconductor drum 10 rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow 12.
- Her photo semiconductor layer is first electrostatically charged with the help of a so-called charging corotron 14.
- the charged section arrives at a character generator 16 with a light source 18 (an LED comb in FIG. 1) and a control unit 20.
- the control unit 20 specifies at which points the photoconductor drum 10 is to be exposed. At the exposed areas, the electrical resistance of the photo semiconductor layer drops and the charge flows off. In this way, pixels of a latent charge image are generated on the photoconductor drum. These pixels, called pixels, are therefore "set" in the character generator.
- Developer unit 22 comprises a container 24 in which there is a mixture 26 of toner particles and carrier particles.
- the carrier particles consist of a magnetic material such as iron or steel and ferrite. Therefore, the carrier particles can be attracted to a magnetic developer roller 28 and conveyed to the photoconductor drum 10 together with the toner particles adhered to them by rotating the developer roller 28.
- the carrier particles align themselves along the magnetic field lines generated by the developer roller 28 in such a way that they form a brush-like arrangement on the surface of the developer roller 28, which is referred to as a "magnetic brush" 56 (cf. FIG. 4).
- the toner particles are charged in the developer * station 22 triboe- lectric and transmitted with the aid of a suitable electric field of the magnetic brush 56 on the exposed (so-called "dark letter") unexposed areas of the photo-semiconductor (so-called "Light-writing") or.
- the charge image located on the photoconductor drum 10 is colored with toner, ie developed.
- the toner image is then transferred to a printing medium, for example a sheet of paper 32, in a transfer printing station 30. Therefore, the photoconductor drum 10 is generally referred to as an intermediate carrier.
- the developer station 22 is shown enlarged in FIG. Since only toner, but no carrier particles, are transferred to the photo semiconductor layer during the development of the latent charge image, the toner concentration in the container 24 of the developer station 22 would decrease over time if toner was not continuously added to the developer station 22. would lead.
- the developer station 22 is therefore connected to a toner reservoir 36, and the toner supply from the reservoir 36 into the developer station 22 takes place with the aid of a motor 38 which drives a conveying device.
- the delivery rate of the motor 38 is predetermined by a motor controller 40.
- a common method of adjusting the toner concentration in developer station 22 is based on a simple control loop.
- the current toner concentration in the developer station 22 is measured with the aid of a sensor 42.
- the measured toner concentration is the controlled variable 44, which represents the input signal to a controller 46.
- the control deviation is calculated in the controller 46 by subtracting the controlled variable 44 from a reference variable.
- the controlled variable is called the actual value, the reference variable is called the setpoint.
- the controller 46 From the system deviation, the controller 46 generates a manipulated variable 48 that is sent to an actuator, which in the present case is formed by the motor 38 and the motor controller 40.
- the manipulated variable 48 is dimensioned such that it causes a toner supply via motor control 40 and motor 38, which compensates for the control deviation. It should be noted that here and in the following terms such as controlled variable 44 and manipulated variable 40 are used both for the abstract elements of the control loop and for the signals which transmit the corresponding variables.
- FIG. 3 shows a measurement value acquisition device 52 which, on the basis of a sensor signal 50 from the sensor 42, generates the controlled variable 44 and a motor signal 54 with which the motor controller 40 uses the motor 38 controls.
- the motor can be operated intermittently or the speed can be varied.
- this conventional control method shown in FIG. 3 has several problems.
- the first problem is that the toner concentration measured with the aid of the sensor 42 does not necessarily correspond to the toner concentration at the location at which the toner is actually removed for developing the photoconductor 10.
- the problem is shown schematically in FIG. 4, in which the brightness of the toner-carrier particle mixture 26 represents the toner concentration as a model.
- the toner concentration is particularly high in the area labeled A in which toner is supplied, and in the area labeled C from which toner is removed for development. This toner concentration gradient occurs even though the mixture 26 is mixed in the developer station, for example with the aid of a paddle wheel (not shown).
- the term “slope” is not intended to mean that the toner concentration changes linearly with location. In fact, there may be a general, non-linear relationship between toner concentration and location.
- the concentration that is essential for the printing or copying process is that in the toner removal area C.
- no sensor can be installed in the toner removal area C, because this would get in the way of the developer roller 28 and the structure of the magnetic brush 56. Instead, the sensor must be arranged at a location B in the container 24 of the developer unit 22 at which the current toner concentration usually does not match that in the toner removal area C.
- the toner concentration gradient is shown schematically in the diagram in FIG. Therein, the graph 58 shows the toner concentration (TK) dependent on the position P in the developer station 22 with low toner consumption, ie low toner extraction per unit of time. As can be seen in FIG. 5, the toner concentration in the entire developer station is almost identical. This is because with low toner consumption there is enough time for the to- balances by mixing the toner carrier particle mixture.
- the • Graph 60 shows the spatial toner concentration distribution with high toner consumption. 5, there is a considerable drop in the toner concentration within the developer station 22. If, as shown in FIG. 5, the toner concentration at the installation location B of the sensor is regulated to its target value (S), the toner concentration in the removal area C is clearly below the target value. This leads to poor printing behavior and, in the worst case, to damage to the developer station 22.
- FIG. 5 is only to be understood schematically. For the sake of simplicity, a linear course of the toner concentration as a function of the position has been assumed, but a more complicated dependence is also possible.
- the method according to the invention provides for determining a current toner consumption value more or less precisely, and from this together with the toner concentration measured at the installation location B of the sensor, the toner concentration in the removal area C. to calculate. Then the toner concentration at the installation location B of the sensor is set so that the (calculated) toner concentration in the removal area C corresponds to the target value.
- the toner concentration distribution thus effected is shown as graph 62 in FIG. 6.
- the difference between the toner concentration actually set at location B and the target value (S) is called sensor correction 64.
- the sensor correction 64 is a variable that is calculated from the determined toner consumption value.
- the “calculation” of the toner concentration in the removal area C is typically carried out by means of a simulation.
- the simulation is thereby a model for the relationship between the to- nerkonzentration at the removal location C, the toner concentration at location B of the sensor 42 and the toner consumption value.
- the model and its model parameters can be determined empirically by adapting to test measurements.
- TK (C) TK (B) - ⁇ • Toner consumption value.
- This simulation model can, for example, be supplemented by higher-order terms in the toner consumption value, the coefficients of which can be determined by adapting to experimentally determined data.
- determining in this context cannot mean exact recording of the actual current toner consumption, because if this were possible, the task of the entire method would already have been achieved.
- determining means any direct or indirect approximate determination of the current toner consumption, including its estimation.
- the manipulated variable 48 is already a relatively good estimate of the current toner consumption.
- the manipulated variable 48 is entered as the current toner consumption value in a correction unit 66, which determines the sensor correction 64 therefrom and which sends a corresponding sensor correction signal to the measuring device 52. Again, neither language nor borrowed with respect to the reference number between the sensor correction and the corresponding signal.
- the use of the manipulated variable 48 as a toner consumption value represents a feedback that could in principle bring the control loop out of balance. However, it has been shown in practice that this feedback can also achieve stable control behavior if the control parameters are selected appropriately.
- the toner consumption value 68 is determined in a printer controller 70 on the basis of print data and transmitted to the correction unit 66.
- the consumption value 68 can be calculated in the printer controller during or after the preparation of the print data.
- the number of pixels to be inked is determined from the print image data for each of a certain number of inking stages, and the toner consumption is estimated therefrom. Specifically, this is done as follows: each pixel to be printed is assigned to one of m inking levels (gray levels), where m is a natural number. If the number of pixels of the i-th coloration level is denoted by n ⁇ , the estimated value for the toner consumption is calculated according to:
- Toner consumption k Ve rb • (ki • ni + ... 4- ki ⁇ ni +... + K m • n m ) + k 0 ,
- ki is the weighting factor of the number of pixels of the i-th coloration level and k Ve rb is a proportionality factor.
- k 0 Designates a basic consumption of toner due to dust formation, suction or the like
- the print image data is processed in the printer controller 70 before the exposure and inking of the photo semiconductor of the photo drum 10. There can be a certain, not insignificant period of time between the preparation of the print data and the development of the photoconductor. Therefore in the representation of 8, a delay buffer 72 is provided, in which the toner consumption value determined by the printer controller 70 is temporarily stored for the duration of this period and is only passed on to the correction unit 66 when the image corresponding to the print data is actually developed.
- control dynamics that can be achieved with it are relatively sluggish. This means, for example, that a certain lack of toner must first occur until the controller 46 begins to supply the missing amount of toner via the motor control 40 and motor 38.
- the control gain of the controller 46 cannot be chosen to be arbitrarily large, because otherwise the control loop would be susceptible to failure.
- a toner concentration occurs again and again in the developer station 22, which deviates considerably from the target value, which affects the print quality and, in the worst case, can damage the developer unit 22.
- FIG. 9 shows a controller unit 74 which, in addition to the input for the controlled variable 44, has an input for the determined toner consumption value 68.
- the control unit 74 generates a combined manipulated variable 76 from the controlled variable 44 and the toner consumption value 68.
- the combined manipulated variable 76 is composed of a first manipulated variable, which is a purely control variable and causes a toner supply that corresponds to the toner consumption value 68, and a second manipulated variable, which is measured from the controlled variable 44 and essentially corresponds to the manipulated variable 48 in the conventional method of FIGS. 3, 7 and 8.
- the second manipulated variable basically serves to compensate for errors in the pilot control by means of regulation.
- the controlled variable 44 that is to say the actual value of the toner concentration
- the controlled variable 44 is relatively close to its target value. Since a change in the toner consumption is counteracted directly via the first manipulated variable, the dynamic behavior of the toner concentration setting according to FIG. 9 is far better than in the conventional, pure control method.
- the first manipulated variable is the manipulated variable that the control unit 74 would output if the control deviation were zero and only a certain toner consumption value signal 68 was fed into the control unit 74.
- the second manipulated variable is the manipulated variable which the control unit 74 would output if only the controlled variable 44, ie a measured value of the target concentration were fed into the control unit 74, but no toner consumption value signal 68 was present at the control unit 74. How these two manipulated variables are combined to form a manipulated variable 76 depends on the special structure of the control unit 74. All control units 74 in which the controlled variable 44 (the measured toner concentration) and the determined toner consumption value 68 are processed to a common manipulated variable 76. Without limitation, however, two simple examples for the controller unit 74 are to be explained in FIGS. 10 and 11 for illustration.
- the control unit 74 comprises a controller 46 of essentially the same type as in FIGS. 2, 3, 7 and 8.
- the controller 46 receives the controlled variable 44 as an input signal and outputs the second manipulated variable 78 as an output signal.
- the controller 74 further comprises a control element 80 which generates the first manipulated variable 82 from the toner consumption value 68. In node 83, the first manipulated variable 82 and the second manipulated variable 78 are added to the combined manipulated variable 76.
- the control unit 74 comprises, in addition to the controller 46, a control unit 84 which generates an auxiliary variable 86 from the toner consumption value 68, which is added to the control variable 44.
- the auxiliary variable 86 corresponds to that hypothetical control deviation from which the controller 46 would prescribe a toner supply corresponding to the toner consumption value 68.
- the first and second manipulated variables do not occur explicitly in the control unit 74 in FIG. 11, but according to what has been said above, they are already determined by the signals present, i.e. the toner consumption value 68 or the controlled variable 44 are well defined and are reflected in the combined manipulated variable 76.
- the term “combination of the first and second manipulated variable” is to be understood in the context of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 shows the determined toner consumption value TVE (a), the actual toner consumption TV (b), the manipulated variable SW2 of the second manipulated variable or the manipulated variable SWK of the combined manipulated variable (c) and the actual value I of the toner concentration (d) in a schematic diagram against a common time axis applied.
- the toner consumption value 68 entered in diagram (a) has been determined in the printer controller 70 of FIGS. 8 and 9 from print data. Since the print data are available before the charge image is developed, the determined toner consumption value is also available in each case by a time interval T before the actual toner consumption. For this time interval T, the toner consumption value 68 is temporarily stored in the delay buffer 72 (see FIGS. 8 and 9) and is therefore synchronized with the actual toner consumption, as shown in diagram (b).
- Diagram (b) shows that the determined toner consumption value 68 (solid line) deviates somewhat from the actual consumption TV (dotted line).
- the determined toner consumption value 68 is, for example, above the actual consumption TV.
- the control deviation at the beginning of the interval Ti is 0, as can be seen in diagram (d), and the manipulated variable SW2 of the second manipulated variable is therefore initially also equal to 0 (see diagram c).
- the manipulated variable SWK of the combined manipulated variable at the beginning of the interval Ti therefore only results from the first manipulated variable and, as can be seen in diagram (c), is above the actual consumption because the determined consumption value was overestimated.
- the actual value of the toner concentration at the beginning of the interval Ti rises above the target value.
- the control unit 74 In response to this control deviation, the control unit 74 generates a second manipulated variable with a negative manipulated variable SW2, which corrects the manipulated variable SWK of the combined manipulated variable and adjusts it to the actual toner consumption TV approximately at the middle of the time interval Ti (see diagram (c)).
- the same behavior is shown in the time intervals T 2 and T 3 , in which the determined toner consumption value 68 is also above the actual toner consumption.
- the determined toner consumption value 68 lies below the actual toner consumption TV, so that the manipulated variable SWK of the combined manipulated variable SWK is initially below the actual toner consumption TV due to a too small first manipulated variable.
- the actual value I of the toner concentration TK initially falls below the setpoint S, but is then regulated back to the setpoint S by a then positive manipulated variable SW2 of the second manipulated variable.
- the second manipulated variable only makes a relatively small contribution to the combined manipulated variable. It essentially serves to correct errors in the first manipulated variable due to an inaccurate estimated value. Since the first manipulated variable immediately reacts to a determined change in the toner consumption value, the dynamics of the method according to the invention for setting the toner concentration are very good. In contrast to a pure control method, in the method according to the invention a systematic error in the determination of the toner consumption value is corrected, which would otherwise add up over time and would lead to a divergent toner concentration in the developer station 22.
- FIG. 13 shows an alternative embodiment of the method according to the invention, which differs from the method of FIG. 9 in the way in which the toner consumption value 68 is determined.
- a pixel counter 88 is used, which counts the pixels set for each coloring step in the character generator 16 (see FIG. 1).
- the pixel counter 88 is formed by an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
- ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
- the pixel counter 88 has three inputs 90, 92 and 94 corresponding to the three coloring levels, light gray, dark gray and black, which are taken into account in the present exemplary embodiment.
- a signal in the coloration level of the pixel is corresponding input 90, 92 or 94 fed.
- the toner consumption value 68 is determined from the counted pixels by weighting with their respective inking level in a manner similar to that already described above.
- Such a pixel counter 88 can be easily combined with conventional systems without having to be significantly modified.
- the pixel counter 88 may be provided with a delay buffer 72 similar to the printer earth controller 70 of FIG. 8.
- FIG. 14 shows a particularly simple and inexpensive implementation of the method according to the invention.
- the electrical current with which a current source 96 supplies the character generator 16 is measured in a current measuring device 98 and the measured value is transferred to a toner consumption estimator 100.
- the toner consumption estimator 100 estimates the toner consumption value 68 from the power consumption of the character generator 16. This succeeds because the power consumption of the character generator 16, as already explained above, is a measure of the number and coloration level of printed pixels.
- the advantage of the method in FIG. 14 is that it can be implemented in conventional printers or copiers with very little design effort.
- a signal weight 102 which determines the weight with which the controlled variable 44 is to be taken into account when generating the combined signal 76
- a signal weight 104 which determines the weight with which the determined consumption value 68 in the combined manipulated variable 76 is used, serve for this purpose To find precipitation.
- the corresponding weighting can be specified according to FIG. 15 via time-dependent weighting functions fl (t) and f3 (t).
- the controlled variable 44 is not very reliable in the starting phase of a printer or copier because the mixture flow in the developer station 22 has not yet stabilized. It is therefore advantageous to keep the contribution of the controlled variable 44 to the combined manipulated variable 76, ie the weight of the second manipulated variable with the aid of the signal weight 102 and a suitable choice of fl (t) in the start phase, and to increase it only when the state changes of the mixture in the developer station 22 has stabilized.
- control unit 74 in the exemplary embodiment 15 shows a memory 106 in which the control parameters are stored in accordance with a time-dependent or state-dependent function f2 (t).
- the controller 46 is a PID controller, therefore the function f2 (t) is a vector-valued function, the vector components of which contain all the required control parameters.
- a toner consumption estimator which is not specified in more detail and which determines the consumption value 68, is designated by 108 in FIG.
- the previously described elements of printer controller 70, pixel counter 88 or toner consumption estimator 100 can be used as toner consumption estimators 108.
- Control unit 78 second manipulated variable
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Control Or Security For Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10233671 | 2002-07-24 | ||
DE10233671A DE10233671A1 (de) | 2002-07-24 | 2002-07-24 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Einstellen der Tonerkonzentration in der Entwicklerstation eines elektrofotografischen Druckers oder Kopierers |
PCT/EP2003/008056 WO2004012015A1 (de) | 2002-07-24 | 2003-07-23 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum einstellen der tonerkonzentration in der entwicklerstation eines elektrofotografischen druckers oder kopierers |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1525514A1 true EP1525514A1 (de) | 2005-04-27 |
EP1525514B1 EP1525514B1 (de) | 2010-06-02 |
Family
ID=30010345
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03771073A Expired - Lifetime EP1525514B1 (de) | 2002-07-24 | 2003-07-23 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum einstellen der tonerkonzentration in der entwicklerstation eines elektrofotografischen druckers oder kopierers |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7433613B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1525514B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE470174T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10233671A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004012015A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4844152B2 (ja) * | 2006-02-13 | 2011-12-28 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 画像形成装置シミュレーション装置、画像形成装置シミュレーション方法及びプログラム |
WO2008071647A1 (de) | 2006-12-12 | 2008-06-19 | OCé PRINTING SYSTEMS GMBH | Verfahren zum steuern eines entwicklungsprozesses bei unterschiedlichen betriebsphasen |
JP5240541B2 (ja) * | 2007-02-26 | 2013-07-17 | 株式会社リコー | 画像形成装置 |
DE102008018227B4 (de) | 2008-04-10 | 2011-11-24 | OCé PRINTING SYSTEMS GMBH | Verfahren zur Einstellung der Einfärbung von auf einem Ladungsbildträger erzeugten Ladungsbilder mit Toner in der Entwicklerstation einer elektrofotografischen Druckeinrichtung |
DE102008018226B4 (de) * | 2008-04-10 | 2011-11-24 | OCé PRINTING SYSTEMS GMBH | Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Abnutzung eines in einer Entwicklerstation zur Entwicklung von Ladungsbildern eingesetzten Entwicklergemischs bei einem elektrografischen Druckgerät |
JP5182636B2 (ja) * | 2008-10-08 | 2013-04-17 | 株式会社リコー | 画像形成装置 |
US8155540B2 (en) * | 2010-06-02 | 2012-04-10 | Xerox Corporation | Optimized limit gain compensation for dispense time accumulators of toner concentration control |
US9753403B2 (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2017-09-05 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image forming apparatus for executing developer replenishment control |
JP6992408B2 (ja) * | 2017-10-27 | 2022-01-13 | 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 | 画像処理システム、及び画像処理方法 |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH01187580A (ja) * | 1988-01-21 | 1989-07-26 | Minolta Camera Co Ltd | 記録装置の自動トナー濃度制御装置 |
JPH0345973A (ja) * | 1989-07-13 | 1991-02-27 | Fujitsu Ltd | トナー濃度制御方法 |
JP3021619B2 (ja) * | 1990-11-16 | 2000-03-15 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 画像形成装置 |
US5202769A (en) * | 1990-12-10 | 1993-04-13 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Digital electrostatic printing apparatus using a counted number of pixels of various densities to determine and control an amount of toner used during image development |
JPH05165328A (ja) * | 1991-12-13 | 1993-07-02 | Fujitsu Ltd | 二成分現像器 |
JPH08146736A (ja) * | 1994-11-18 | 1996-06-07 | Minolta Co Ltd | 画像形成装置 |
US5678131A (en) * | 1995-08-22 | 1997-10-14 | Eastman Kodak Company | Apparatus and method for regulating toning contrast and extending developer life by long-term adjustment of toner concentration |
US5974279A (en) * | 1996-07-18 | 1999-10-26 | Agfa Gevaert N.V. | Process control of electrophotographic device |
US5839022A (en) * | 1996-11-26 | 1998-11-17 | Xerox Corporation | Filter for reducing the effect of noise in TC control |
US6029021A (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 2000-02-22 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Image forming apparatus having an adaptive mode density control system |
DE19900164A1 (de) * | 1999-01-05 | 2000-07-27 | Oce Printing Systems Gmbh | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Regelung der Tonerkonzentration in einem elektrografischen Prozess |
US6404997B1 (en) * | 2001-01-29 | 2002-06-11 | Xerox Corporation | Method and apparatus for dynamically controlling image density |
DE10136259A1 (de) | 2001-07-25 | 2003-02-20 | Oce Printing Systems Gmbh | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Steuern eines Druckprozesses bei hoher Farbdichte |
-
2002
- 2002-07-24 DE DE10233671A patent/DE10233671A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2003
- 2003-07-23 WO PCT/EP2003/008056 patent/WO2004012015A1/de active Application Filing
- 2003-07-23 US US10/520,187 patent/US7433613B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-07-23 AT AT03771073T patent/ATE470174T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-07-23 EP EP03771073A patent/EP1525514B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-23 DE DE50312775T patent/DE50312775D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2004012015A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1525514B1 (de) | 2010-06-02 |
ATE470174T1 (de) | 2010-06-15 |
US7433613B2 (en) | 2008-10-07 |
DE50312775D1 (de) | 2010-07-15 |
US20060269303A1 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
DE10233671A1 (de) | 2004-02-05 |
WO2004012015A1 (de) | 2004-02-05 |
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