EP1497032B1 - Crushing device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a crushing device, for example for crushing products associated with the disposal, processing and recycling of refuse and valuable materials. According to the invention, the device consists of at least one rotor ( 1 ), on the periphery of which hooks are mounted ( 3 ) and at least one stator ( 4, 7 ), whereby the latter ( 4, 7 ) can be offset in the direction of the rotor axis ( 2 ) and/or rotated about its stator axis ( 5 ), once its locked position has been released. Crushing elements ( 6 ) are mounted on the stator ( 4 ), a lateral edge ( 10 a) being aligned transversally to the direction of material flow and co-operating with the hooks ( 3 ) during the crushing process. At least one hook ( 3 ) rotates between two respective crushing elements ( 6 ), the rotational plane of said hook being located in a substantially eccentric area in relation to the interval between two crushing elements ( 6 ). By rotating the stator ( 4 ) through 90°, the edge ( 10 a) can be replaced by the following edge ( 10 b) in the peripheral direction, thus considerably prolonging the service life of the stator ( 4 ).

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to a comminution device for comminuting products of all kinds, comprising at least one rotor, on whose circumference hooks are attached, and at least one stator.

Background of the invention

Such machines are used for crushing products of all kinds, especially in the context of the disposal, treatment and recycling of waste and materials.

The material introduced into the comminution device is picked up by the hooks of at least one rotor, pulled down in the material flow direction and torn, shredded, broken, cut and / or crushed by interaction with a stator depending on the type of comminuting device.

Crushing machines can be driven hydraulically and are provided with the known devices for automatically changing the direction of rotation for forward and reverse, respectively.

• Durchsatzleistung,
• Korngrösse des zerkleinerten Guts, und
• Standzeit.

The selection of suitable shredding machines in terms of drive, size, number and equipment with rotors and stators is carried out according to the required

• Throughput,
• Grain size of the crushed good, and
• Life.

A problem of such shredders is the wear of the hook and the stator depending on the material to be shredded. As a result of the wear, the intermediate spaces between the comminuting elements increase, as a result of which the efficiency of comminution decreases as a result of wear. The replacement of worn elements is very costly and time consuming.

From WO 00/44499 a crushing device is known in which the grinding elements of the rotor designed as hooks are slipped over U-shaped disk segments as wear protection.

From JP 2001-149806 A, on which the preamble of claim 1 is based, a biaxial breaking machine is known, in particular for industrial waste, in which comminution takes place by means of breaker blades arranged on two shafts, which act similar to scissors. A secondary additional reduction takes place by means of downstream fixed blades whose distance from the shafts is adjustable in order to compensate for wear and to be able to adjust the grain size. The void space between the individual breaker blades is small, which is why the actual comminution mainly by the interaction of the rotors - especially on the difficult to process or renewable back edges of the crushing blades - takes place, which are thus strongly exposed to the verscheiss. Smaller parts that do not need to be crushed due to their small size are also recorded and cause additional wear.

In DE 196 19 411 a processing machine for minerals is described, in which the crushing is done by two toothed rollers whose teeth at a radial distance are arranged from each other. The final grain is additionally pressed by the teeth of the two toothed rollers through a comb-like, flexibly mounted die and thus comminuted. The matrix is cut, broken and torn at three edges of the teeth. The distances between the teeth and the die have little empty space, so that even in this machine small, not necessarily to be crushed parts are detected and cause wear. The hard-to-repair teeth of the toothed rollers are subjected to a special wear by the first crushing operation and the subsequent pressing through the matrices.

Brief description of the invention

The invention has for its object to provide a crushing device in which the wear on the crushing elements is both low, and can be compensated without removal and the associated downtime. This task is u.a. solved by the features of claim 1 for the first time in a surprising manner. Alternative or advantageous developments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.

In the solution of the invention is based on the idea that on the one hand a special arrangement of the hooks on the rotor and the crushing elements on the stator leads to low wear, on the other hand compensated by the increased wear space between the hook of the rotor and the stator can be that on the one hand, the stator is offset in the direction of the rotor axis and on the other hand, the stator is rotated by a certain angle, so that a worn side of the stator is replaced by an unconsumed side of the stator.

The invention has the advantage that the service life of the shredding device according to the invention without the removal of the shredding elements is extended by a multiple, due to the abovementioned measures. Due to the adjustability of the position of the stator relative to the rotor throughput and grain size can be additionally regulated.

Brief description of the drawings

FIG. 1

shows a crushing device in cross-section with two rotors and a stator.

FIG. 2

shows the crushing device of Figure 1 in plan view.

FIG. 3a

shows an adjustable locking of the stator in a "lower" position.

FIG. 3b

shows an adjustable locking of the stator in an "upper" position.

FIG. 4

shows a hydraulic lock of the stator

FIG. 4a

shows in a detailed view of the hydraulic locking of the stator in a "lower" position.

FIG. 4b

shows in a detailed view of the hydraulic locking of the stator in an "upper" position.

FIGS. 5a and 5b

show a crushing device with four rotors and three stators.

Figures 6a and 6b

show a crushing device with a rotor and laterally arranged stators.

Detailed description of the invention

In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail.

In the inventive crushing device, the discontinued material is detected by the hooks of at least one rotor, pulled down in the material flow direction and torn, shredded, broken, cut and / or crushed on a stator. The actual comminution takes place essentially by the interaction between hook and stator, since the distances between the rotors and the free spaces between the hooks are so large that only a small interaction takes place between the hooks of the rotors. Since thus, in particular, the stator is fully exposed to the flow of material to be crushed Guts, mainly the material of the stator is worn. According to the invention, moreover, the position of the stator can be offset in the direction of the rotor axis - i. the distance to the rotor axis is reduced - and twisted around the stator axis. To change the position, the - possibly hydraulic and / or mechanical - determination of the stator is released. In a further embodiment of the invention, the stator can be additionally displaced axially, ie in the direction of the rotor axis, after release of the determination.

The offset of the position of the stator makes it possible to compensate for the wear of the elements involved in the comminution process, in particular the hooks and comminution elements of the stator, since the wear extended gap between the hooks of the rotor and the comminution elements of the stator by simply displacing the stator can be reduced. Furthermore, the adjustment of the position of the stator opens an additional Possibility to regulate throughput and grain size.

The adjusting mechanism for offsetting the position of the stator can be designed, for example, mechanically by means of screws with a manually operated hydraulic cylinder or with an automated system, in particular a hydraulic system.

The stator is arranged downstream of the rotor in the material flow direction of the material to be comminuted. By the inventive, special arrangement of the hooks on the rotor and the stator, the actual comminution takes place essentially by the interaction between the hook and stator, since the distances between the rotor axes and the free spaces between the hooks are so large that between the hooks of the rotors only a small interaction takes place.

The stator may, for example, be mounted below the rotor approximately parallel to the rotor shaft and fastened to the cross members of the frame of the comminution device. If multiple rotor shafts are mounted, the stator is placed between the rotor shafts, preferably offset downwards. If required, the stator can also be protected by wear plates.

In addition, the stator can also be arranged on the frame laterally to the rotor, optionally between two hooks, and / or along, possibly parallel, to the rotor axis and perpendicular to the hooks. Also, such stators, which in particular fulfill the function of a scraper, which prevent leakage of the comminuted Guts against the insertion direction, can be made displaceable in position. With These stators reduce the space between the frame and the rotors.

On the stator at least one fixed, composed of one or more parts crushing element is attached. This element can be interchangeably mounted on the stator and optionally protected with wear plates or welds.

The number and arrangement of comminution elements on the stator is chosen according to the function and arrangement of the hooks on the rotors, as well as the desired throughput crusher performance and grain size.

The special arrangement of the stator with the crushing elements in the gaps formed by the rotors and hooks that already small-grained material can fall through, while large pieces of material can not fall through and are thus crushed.

• Reinigung des Rotors und dessen Haken,
• zusätzliche Zerkleinerung des Guts zwischen Rotor und Stator, und
• gleichmässigere Korngrössenverteilung durch die verbesserte Siebwirkung.

Through the cooperation of rotor and stator throughput and grain size are regulated and the following effects are achieved:

• Cleaning the rotor and its hooks,
• additional comminution of the material between rotor and stator, and
• more uniform grain size distribution due to the improved sieving effect.

Since the distances between the rotor axes and the free spaces between the hooks are so large that only a small interaction takes place between the hooks of the rotors and thus the actual comminution takes place on the stator, the front edges are mainly the hooks, in particular each one side edge and possibly a leading edge on the front side of a hook, and exposed the breaking edges of the stator to wear, whereas the difficult repairable back edges of the hook only slightly wear. Small parts that do not need to be crushed can fall through and cause no additional wear. Due to the larger free space, the machine is also cheaper and easier, since material can be saved.

The comminution elements on the stator are plate-shaped, wherein they may have a polygonal or disc-shaped cross-section. The comminution elements preferably have at least three side edges, one of which is aligned substantially transversely to the material flow direction of the material to be comminuted and interacts with the hook. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the crushing element has four side edges and a substantially orthogonal shape. Because of this construction, only one or a part of the edges and sides of the comminution element are involved in comminution and are affected by the flow of material to be comminuted and the associated wear. By twisting the stator about the stator axis, the edge exposed to the wear can be displaced and replaced by a subsequent, unworn edge in the circumferential direction, counter to the direction of rotation. By this measure according to the invention, the service life of the stator is multiplied.

The hydraulic system for locking or locking and / or moving the stator can also be used to protect against overloading. If necessary, the hydraulic lock can be used to avoid the stator in case of overload are adjusted so that when a predetermined load is exceeded, the determination is released and the stator then moves either axially and / or transversely to its axis. This is a significant simplification compared to the known from the prior art complex systems for overload protection, in which the stators are folded away in case of overload, for example. If necessary, the hydraulic determination can take effect again as soon as the overload decreases.

The individual hooks can be mounted interchangeably on the rotor. In the context of the invention, "hooks" are understood to be the designs of comminuting elements on rotors known from the prior art, which are suitable for gripping the material to be comminuted and shredding it by at least one cutting, tear or breaking effect. For example, gear-shaped rotor disks should also be encompassed by this term.

Depending on the requirements for wear and material resistance, the hooks can be equipped with protective elements. Such protective elements are described, for example, in WO 00/44499. For example, rotor disk segments in U-shape - optionally with extensions for the shaft protection - are slipped over the hooks.

In machines with multiple rotors, the rotor shafts are arranged approximately parallel to each other. The opposing hooks on the rotors which are essentially parallel to one another are preferably offset relative to one another, wherein the spacing between the rotor shafts is selected such that the areas of action of the opposing hooks overlap only slightly and intermesh with one another.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the position of the rotor - optionally hydraulically - displaceable. To adjust the rotor, the same measures can be taken as for moving the stator.

The figures are described in more detail below with examples of embodiments of the invention.

Figure 1 shows in cross-section an inventive crushing device with a frame which is formed of cross members 8 and longitudinal members 9. Within the frame, two rotors 1 designed as shafts are arranged substantially parallel to one another. On the rotors 1 hooks 3 are mounted as crushing elements. The distance between the rotors 1 is chosen so that the areas of action of the hooks 3 only slightly interlock. For shredding the material is introduced above the rotors 1 in the device, detected by the hooks 3 and may optionally be pre-shredded thereby slightly. In the material flow direction the hook 3 below, below and between the two rotors 1, a bar-shaped stator 4 is arranged, on which the actual crushing process takes place. The stator 4, which has been detected before rotation, is rotatable about the stator axis 5. On the stator 4 crushing elements 6 are fixed with orthogonal cross-section. The crushing elements 6 are individually interchangeable if necessary. A side edge 10a of the comminution elements 6 is aligned transversely to the material flow direction of the material to be comminuted. If the service life of the edge 10a is exceeded, the determination of the stator 4 can be solved and you can rotate the stator by 90 °, whereby the circumferentially counter to the direction of rotation subsequent, still unworn edge 10b transverse to Material flow direction is brought. After re-detection or locking of the stator 4 can be continued with the crushing. In addition, 9 lateral stators 7 are mounted between the frame and the rotors 1 perpendicular to the rotor axis 2, which are optionally formed adjustable in height relative to the rotor axis 2 at the two longitudinal beams.

Figure 2 shows the crushing device of Figure 1 in plan view. The crushing elements 6 and the hooks 3 are arranged axially one behind the other on the rotors 1 and the stator 4, wherein the hooks 3 of the rotors 1, which are arranged parallel to one another, and the comminution elements 6 of the stator are offset from one another such that in each case between two hooks 3 opposite one another two mutually parallel rotors 1 is a crushing element 6 comes to rest. The lateral spacing of the comminuting elements 6 relative to the hooks 3 or the gap between the hooks 3 and the comminution element 6 can be set axially to the stator axis 5 by centering the stator 4.

Figures 3a and 3b show an example of an adjusting mechanism for offsetting the position of the stator. FIG. 3 a shows the stator in a position "lower", lying lower in relation to the rotor. By tightening the screw 11, the stator 5 is offset in the direction of the rotor axis and comes to rest in the "upper", higher position shown in Figure 3b.

Figures 4, 4a and 4b show an example of a hydraulic adjusting mechanism for offsetting the position of the stator. The position of the stator 4 is detected with screws 11a in the cross members 8. For displacing the "lower", lower position of the stator 4 in Figure 4a the screws 11 a are released, and the stator 4 is lifted by means of a hydraulically driven piston 12 to the "higher" position shown in FIG. 4 b, whereby the distance between the stator 4 and the rotor 1 is reduced. Thereafter, the stator 4 is again detected in the new position with the screws 11a. The hydraulic adjustment can be done both manually and automatically controlled.

FIG. 5a shows a cross-section and FIG. 5b shows a plan view of a comminution device according to the invention with four rotors 1 and three stators 4. The frame of the comminution device is formed from the cross members 8 and the longitudinal members 9. The stators 4 and rotors 1 are attached to the cross members 8. In addition, stators 7 fixed in position to the longitudinal members 9 and / or stators 7 displaceable in position on the cross members 8 may be arranged.

6a shows a cross section and FIG. 6b shows a plan view of a shredding device according to the invention with a rotor 1 and two stators 7 arranged laterally on the longitudinal carriers 9 of the frame, wherein at least one stator 7 can be displaced relative to the rotor axis 2, in particular along the longitudinal carrier 9.

Claims (8)

1. Crushing device for crushing material, with at least one rotational rotor (1) rotating around the rotor axis (2), on the circumference of which several hooks (3) are located along the rotor axis (2) at a distance from one another for grabbing and carrying away the material in a material flow direction, and at least one stator (4, 7), on which several crushing elements (6) located in a co-operating manner with the hooks (3) are fastened, particularly in the direction of the rotor axis, which stator (4, 7) can be moved in the direction to the rotor axis (2), characterized in that the stator (4) can be twisted around a stator axis (5) and is preferably movable axially and/or transversally to the stator axis (5).
2. Crushing device according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least one hook (3) rotates between two crushing elements (6) respectively, whose rotational plane is located in an essentially eccentric area, in relation to the distance of two crushing elements (6) to one another, and the crushing elements (6) respectively exhibit at least one lateral edge (10a, 10b)which can essentially be aligned to the material flow direction, for crushing the material to be crushed which is carried away by the hook (3), so that the crushing essentially occurs respectively via the lateral edge (10a, 10b) of the crushing elements (6) which can be aligned diagonally to the material flow direction, and essentially via a single hook lateral edge and possibly a hook anterior edge of a hook (3).
3. Crushing device according to Claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the crushing device exhibits at least two rotors (1) parallel to one another, between two respective rotors (1) a stator (4) is located and the hooks (3) are located in such a way opposite to one another, axially shifted to the rotors (1) parallel to one another and the rotor axes (2) are spaced from one another in such a way that the hooks (3) of the rotors located next to each other rotate past each other at such a distance that the crushing essentially occurs between the hooks (3) and the crushing elements (6).
4. Crushing device according to Claim 3, characterized in that the crushing elements (6) are formed in a platform shape respectively and exhibit at least three lateral edges (10a, 10b) - preferably four lateral edges (10a, 10b) with an essentially orthogonal cross-section - whereby, depending on the torsion angle of the stator (4) around the stator axis (5) respectively, one other of the minimum three lateral edges (10a,10b)is aligned diagonally to the material flow direction and is hence involved in the crushing.
5. Crushing device according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the stator (4) is hydraulically lockable and, in particular, the hydraulic locking is de-activated on reaching a specified pressure load, as well as blocked in the event of falling below this specified pressure load, as the case may be.
6. Crushing device according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the crushing device is surrounded by a frame (8, 9) and the stator (7) is located between the frame (8) and a hook (3) or between the frame (9) and a rotor (1).
7. Crushing device according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the rotor (1) is also adjustable - optionally hydraulically.
8. Crushing device according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the hooks (3) and/or the crushing elements (6) at the stator (4, 7) are replaceable and/or are at least partially covered with a protective element.

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