EP0080621B2 - Paper shredder and operating method - Google Patents

Paper shredder and operating method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0080621B2
EP0080621B2 EP82110359A EP82110359A EP0080621B2 EP 0080621 B2 EP0080621 B2 EP 0080621B2 EP 82110359 A EP82110359 A EP 82110359A EP 82110359 A EP82110359 A EP 82110359A EP 0080621 B2 EP0080621 B2 EP 0080621B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
grating
tools
grate
shredding
Prior art date
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EP82110359A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0080621A3 (en
EP0080621A2 (en
EP0080621B1 (en
Inventor
Karl Probst
Kurt Hüfken
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Lyndex Recycling Systems Ltd
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Lindemann Maschinenfabrik GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/282—Shape or inner surface of mill-housings
    • B02C13/284—Built-in screens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
    • B02C18/2216—Discharge means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • B02C23/16—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator defining termination of crushing or disintegrating zone, e.g. screen denying egress of oversize material
    • B02C2023/165—Screen denying egress of oversize material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a paper shredder with a rotor with a horizontal axis and rotatably mounted in a housing with a filling opening and equipped with shredding tools, with a horizontal axis and with an outlet opening of the housing.
  • Such a paper shredder is known from DE-B-19 28 212, in which one side of the housing surrounding the lower rotor area is equipped with counter tools, while the other side can be swung open by means of a cylinder drive.
  • this shredder works only discontinuously and regulates the degree of shredding via the residence time of the material in the shredder by means of the swing-open housing part.
  • DE-A-915 520 describes a chopper, namely a crushing mill for chopping field crops.
  • the actual shredding process with this device is not caused by tearing, but by breaking and preferably by grinding the crops, which is the optimal shredding treatment for crops.
  • the good, field crops is fundamentally different from the good "paper” in terms of its specific behavior with regard to crushability and the treatment to be based on it.
  • the purpose of this known proposal is to enlarge the abutment mounting area. By folding in the sieve to be swung out, a screening of the ground material is carried out; if this is not necessary, the sieve remains folded down.
  • the material outlet is not below the rotor, but above the rotor center plane, always directly upstream of the material inlet in the direction of rotor rotation. This means, among other things, that all material that has entered the crushing mill must initially pass through more than half of the treatment path with unchangeably narrow grinding tools in the sense of a grinding process, which already achieves a comparatively fine, constructionally uncontrollable degree of grinding.
  • DE-A-2 516 014 describes a shredding machine which is intended for waste and other waste.
  • the rotor is assigned a grinding path which is not permeable but has ribs running approximately parallel to the rotor axis and a grinding grate which is permeable to comminuted material.
  • the grinding grate which has roughly axis-parallel grate bars, can be moved horizontally out of the lower part of the housing on rails.
  • the grinding track and the grating essentially enclose the lower rotor half in the order specified. While the grinding grate should be approximately the same distance from the impact circle of the rotor tools everywhere, it is provided that the distance between the grinding track and the rotor be made smaller in the direction of rotation of the rotor. If there are hard materials that cannot be shredded in the processed material, the grinding track can be swiveled away from the rotor for a short time.
  • the machine known from DE-A-2 516 014 can also be used for crushing coarse comminution material, such as bulky waste, and even for crushing tough comminution material, such as used tires.
  • the crushing takes place essentially through the impact path, while the grinding grate is moved completely out of the action area of the rotor.
  • the grinding path should be arranged just so far from the impact circle of the rotor that a certain amount of re-crushing is effected but there is no fear of the machine blocking.
  • the grinding track and grinding grate are moved out or swung out of the effective range of the rotor and the rotor tools are only brought into engagement with a tear-off comb or an anvil edge.
  • the direction of rotation of the rotor of the known machine must be reversed.
  • the changeover requires a time-consuming and energy-intensive braking of the fast, e.g. with 1500 revolutions per minute, running rotor. It will also be necessary to switch off the rotor if the grinding grate has been moved out of or into the working position.
  • a major disadvantage of the known machine is that the grating in its position moved out of the operating position hinders the removal of the comminuted material.
  • the first half of the grate in the direction of rotation of the rotor is slightly moved away from the rotor when the machine is in operation, a circularly narrowing working area is created between the rotor and the grate, in which, when the machine is used to shred normal waste or paper, the volume that increases greatly during processing would jam well and jam.
  • the second grate basket half is slightly moved away from the impact circle of the rotor tools, there is an opening wedge between the rotor and grate, but the material running off the first grate does not get into the opening wedge at all, but accumulates in front of the removed second grate.
  • the known machine is therefore unsuitable in its design for shredding garbage, paper and similar light material.
  • Paper shredders must be equally suitable for tearing up individual paper, more or less large bundles, whole files and even goods delivered in bags.
  • the size of the shredding is subject to very different requirements depending on the type of goods entered.
  • a relatively coarse shredding, for example, is sufficient if it is only a question of feeding the paper for further processing. In some cases, smooth paper only needs to be processed to make it pressable.
  • considerable demands are placed on the fineness of the shredding when shredding secret or personnel files. The finer the material to be shredded, the greater the time and energy required for the shredding work. It is therefore of interest to be able to adapt the machine to the respective requirements at short notice and with the rotor running. This is especially true when smaller batches of goods of different types have to be processed one after the other. In order to meet these requirements, three successive shredders have been used in practice up to now, and the processed goods have been processed step by step to the desired final state.
  • the invention has for its object to improve the paper shredder mentioned at the outset so that it can shred comminution material of a changing type to a respectively specified fineness with the cheapest possible efficiency, determined by the expenditure of energy, time and the fineness of the chips and converting the requirements accordingly when the rotor is running or is to be adjusted.
  • the grate consists of two halves divided approximately in the vertical plane of the rotor axis and is arranged below the rotor, that the second grate half in the direction of rotation of the rotor is completely out of the effective range of the rotor tools with the release of a discharge path for approximately tangential or horizontal the comminuted material coming in at this point in time, which is ready for use, is to be swung out upwards, and that the first grating half in the direction of rotation of the rotor is to be locked in different swivel positions relative to the impact circle of the rotor tools Adjust the grate half to the impact circle of the rotor tool.
  • both grate halves are brought into the working position on the impact circle of the rotor tools for fine shredding, that with coarse material and / or coarser tearing, the second grate half is rotated out completely in the direction of rotation and that at even larger pieces of material and / or even less fine tearing the first half of the grate, especially gradually, e.g. is gradually swung away from the impact circle of the rotor tools.
  • the paper shredder with the rotor running - this can have, for example, a run-down time of half an hour - all requirements for fineness of the chips produced, processing time and the lowest possible energy expenditure for different types of paper goods can be adapted in a few simple steps.
  • even smaller batches of different types can be processed economically one after the other.
  • the first half of the rust in the direction of rotation of the rotor must be locked in various swivel positions to the impact circle of the rotor tools.
  • the gradual or continuous setting of the first half of the grate in different pivot positions makes it possible to process increasingly coarse material and to achieve increasingly coarse chips.
  • the paper shredder according to the invention includes a rotor 4 with a horizontal axis 5 which rotates quickly in operation in a housing 1 with a filling opening 2 and is equipped with shredding tools 3 and which is to be loaded with the material to be shredded, and a rotor grille 6 arranged below the rotor 4 and 7 existing Auslabrost and an adjoining outlet opening of the housing 1.
  • the two grate halves 6 and 7 are divided approximately in the vertical plane of the rotor axis 5 and essentially enclose the lower rotor half. Furthermore, the grate halves 6 and 7 can be swiveled out laterally by grate axes 8 and 9 which are horizontally mounted approximately at the height of the rotor axis 5.
  • the second grate half 7 should be raised so far above the above-mentioned horizontal tangent that when the first grate half 6 is in use, the rotor 4 or the grate half 6 does not bump horizontally against the second grate half 7.
  • the first grate half 6 in the direction of rotation 15, on the other hand, does not need to be swung out as far as the second grate half 7, but only as far as the dash-dotted position, with the aid of its hydraulic arrangement 13 (along the indicated pivot line), since when the first grate half 7 is lifted off, the comminuted material only needs to be swung out the area of the adjacent vertical tangent of the impact circle 16 falls.
  • the grate halves 6, which are first in the direction of rotation 15, can provide valuable services in various intermediate positions. In the intermediate positions, it may be expedient to raise or lower the counter tools 17 and 18 assigned to the grate half 6, at least in the case of intended continuous operation, according to the distance from the impact circle 16. If the first half of the grate 6 in the direction of rotation 15 is partially or completely pivoted out of the effective area of the impact circle 16 of the rotor tools 3, further tools, e.g. an anvil flap 19 to be retracted or swiveled into the effective range of the impact circle 16 is required. The material is then comminuted between the rotor tools 3, which are pressed radially outward by centrifugal force, for example, and the anvil edge 20. A hydraulic cylinder arrangement 21 can also be provided for adjusting the anvil flap 19.
  • the housing 1 is also made so large in the lower region that the parts which may be swiveled out can be accommodated within the housing and during the Swinging out the operator can not be injured by material thrown from the rotor.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Papierzerkleinerer mit einem in einem Gehäuse mit Einfüllöffnung drehbar gelagerten, mit Zerkleinerungswerkzeugen besetzten Rotor mit horizontaler Achse und mit einer Auslaßöffnung des Gehäuses.The invention relates to a paper shredder with a rotor with a horizontal axis and rotatably mounted in a housing with a filling opening and equipped with shredding tools, with a horizontal axis and with an outlet opening of the housing.

Ein derartiger Papierzerkleinerer ist aus DE-B-19 28 212 bekannt, bei dem die eine Seite des den unteren Rotorbereich umgebenden Gehäuses mit Gegenwerkzeugen besetzt ist, während die andere Seite mittels eines Zylinderantriebs aufschwenkbar ist. Dieser Zerkleinerer arbeitet jedoch nur diskontinuierlich und regelt den Zerkleinerungsgrad über die Verweildauer des Materials im Zerkleinerer mittels des aufschwenkbaren Gehäuseteils.Such a paper shredder is known from DE-B-19 28 212, in which one side of the housing surrounding the lower rotor area is equipped with counter tools, while the other side can be swung open by means of a cylinder drive. However, this shredder works only discontinuously and regulates the degree of shredding via the residence time of the material in the shredder by means of the swing-open housing part.

In der DE-A-915 520 wird ein Zerkleinerer beschrieben, und zwar eine Brechmühle zum Zerkleinern von Feldfrüchten. Der eigentliche Zerkleinerungsvorgang wird mit diesem Gerät nicht durch Zerreißen bewirkt, sondern durch Brechen und bevorzugt durch Mahlen der Feldfrüchte, was für Feldfrüchte die optimale Zerkleinerungsbehandlung ist. Das Gut, Feldfrüchte, ist aber von seiner spezifischen Verhaltensweise im Bezug auf Zerkleinerbarkeit und der darauf abzustellenden Behandlung her grundverschieden von dem Gut "Papier". Der Zweck dieses bekannten Vorschlags ist es, die Fläche zum Anbringen von Widerlagern zu vergrößern. Durch Anklappen des auszuschwenkenden Siebes wird eine Sichtung des gemahlenen Gutes durchgeführt; ist eine solche nicht erforderlich, bleibt das Sieb abgeklappt. Der Materialauslaß liegt bei der bekannten Brechmühle nicht unterhalb des Rotors, sondern oberhalb der Rotormittelebene, und zwar immer dem Materialeinlaß in Rotordrehrichtung unmittelbar vorgeordnet. Das bedeutet unter anderem, daß alles in die Brechmühle gelangte Material zunächst mehr als die Hälfte des Behandlungsweges unveränderbar eng eingestellte Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge im Sinne eines Mahlvorganges zu passieren hat, wodurch bereits ein vergleichsweise feiner, konstruktionsbedingt unbeeinflußbarer Zerkleinerungsgrad erzielt wird.DE-A-915 520 describes a chopper, namely a crushing mill for chopping field crops. The actual shredding process with this device is not caused by tearing, but by breaking and preferably by grinding the crops, which is the optimal shredding treatment for crops. The good, field crops, however, is fundamentally different from the good "paper" in terms of its specific behavior with regard to crushability and the treatment to be based on it. The purpose of this known proposal is to enlarge the abutment mounting area. By folding in the sieve to be swung out, a screening of the ground material is carried out; if this is not necessary, the sieve remains folded down. In the known crushing mill, the material outlet is not below the rotor, but above the rotor center plane, always directly upstream of the material inlet in the direction of rotor rotation. This means, among other things, that all material that has entered the crushing mill must initially pass through more than half of the treatment path with unchangeably narrow grinding tools in the sense of a grinding process, which already achieves a comparatively fine, constructionally uncontrollable degree of grinding.

In der DE-A-2 516 014 wird eine Zerkleinerungsmaschine beschrieben, die für Müll und sonstige Abfälle vorgesehen ist. Dem Rotor werden dabei unter anderem eine nicht durchlässige aber etwa parallel zur Rotorachse verlaufende Rippen aufweisende Mahlbahn und ein für zerkleinertes Gut durchlässiger Mahlrost zugeordnet. Der etwa achsparallele Roststäbe aufweisende Mahlrost kann horizontal auf Schienen seitlich aus dem Gehäuseunterteil herausgefahren werden. Bei Betrieb der Maschine zum Zerkleinern normalen Mülls wird das Gut zunächst gegen ein oberhalb der Mahlbahn befindliches Prallwerk geschleudert und nach der entsprechenden Vorzerkleinerung an der Mahlbahn weiter so zerkleinert, daß es durch den Mahlrost hindurchfallen kann. Die Mahlbahn und der Mahlrost umschließen dabei in der angegebenen Reihenfolge im wesentlichen die untere Rotorhälfte. Während der Mahlrost etwa überall gleichen Abstand von dem Schlagkreis der Rotorwerkzeuge haben soll, ist vorgesehen, den Abstand zwischen Mahlbahn und Rotor in Rotordrehrichtung geringer werden zu lassen. Wenn sich unzerkleinerbare, harte Gegenstände in dem bearbeiteten Gut befinden, kann die Mahlbahn kurzzeitig vom Rotor abgeschwenkt werden.DE-A-2 516 014 describes a shredding machine which is intended for waste and other waste. Among other things, the rotor is assigned a grinding path which is not permeable but has ribs running approximately parallel to the rotor axis and a grinding grate which is permeable to comminuted material. The grinding grate, which has roughly axis-parallel grate bars, can be moved horizontally out of the lower part of the housing on rails. When the machine for crushing normal waste is in operation, the material is first thrown against an impact mechanism located above the grinding track and, after the corresponding pre-crushing on the grinding track, is further crushed so that it can fall through the grinding grate. The grinding track and the grating essentially enclose the lower rotor half in the order specified. While the grinding grate should be approximately the same distance from the impact circle of the rotor tools everywhere, it is provided that the distance between the grinding track and the rotor be made smaller in the direction of rotation of the rotor. If there are hard materials that cannot be shredded in the processed material, the grinding track can be swiveled away from the rotor for a short time.

Die aus der DE-A-2 516 014 bekannte Maschine kann auch zum Zerkleinern von grobem Zerkleinerungsgut, wie Sperrmüll, und sogar zum Zerkleinern von zähem Zerkleinerungsgut, wie Altreifen, verwendet werden. Im erstgenannten Fall erfolgt das Zerkleinem im wesentlichen durch die Prallbahn, während der Mahlrost ganz aus dem Aktionsbereich des Rotors herausgefahren wird. Die Mahlbahn soll dabei gerade so weit vom Schlagkreis des Rotors entfernt angeordnet werden, daß eine Nachzerkleinerung in gewissem Umfang bewirkt wird aber ein Blockieren der Maschine nicht zu befürchten ist. Wenn dagegen Altreifen oder ähnlich zähes Zerkleinerungsgut zu verarbeiten sind, werden Mahlbahn und Mahlrost ganz aus dem Wirkungsbereich des Rotors herausgefahren bzw. herausgeschwenkt und die Rotorwerkzeuge werden lediglich mit einem Reißkamm bzw. mit einer Amboßkante in Eingriff gebracht. Für den letztgenannten Einsatz muß die Drehrichtung des Rotors der bekannten Maschine umgekehrt werden. Die Umstellung erfordert aber ein zeit- und energieaufwendiges Abbremsen des schnell, z.B. mit 1500 Umdrehungen pro Minute, laufenden Rotors. Ein Abstellen des Rotors wird auch erforderlich sein, wenn der Mahlrost aus der Arbeitsstellung heraus oder in diese zurückgefahren worden ist. Schließlich besteht ein wesentlicher Nachteil der bekannten Maschine darin, daß der Mahlrost in seiner aus der Betriebsstellung herausgefahrenen Position die Abfuhr des zerkleinerten Guts behindert.The machine known from DE-A-2 516 014 can also be used for crushing coarse comminution material, such as bulky waste, and even for crushing tough comminution material, such as used tires. In the former case, the crushing takes place essentially through the impact path, while the grinding grate is moved completely out of the action area of the rotor. The grinding path should be arranged just so far from the impact circle of the rotor that a certain amount of re-crushing is effected but there is no fear of the machine blocking. If, on the other hand, old tires or similar tough material to be shredded are to be processed, the grinding track and grinding grate are moved out or swung out of the effective range of the rotor and the rotor tools are only brought into engagement with a tear-off comb or an anvil edge. For the latter application, the direction of rotation of the rotor of the known machine must be reversed. However, the changeover requires a time-consuming and energy-intensive braking of the fast, e.g. with 1500 revolutions per minute, running rotor. It will also be necessary to switch off the rotor if the grinding grate has been moved out of or into the working position. Finally, a major disadvantage of the known machine is that the grating in its position moved out of the operating position hinders the removal of the comminuted material.

Aus der Zeitschrift "Zement-Kalk-Gips", Jahrgang 18 (1965), Heft 11, Seite 6 ist ferner eine zum Zerkleinern von Kalkstein und ähnlichem vorgesehene Prallmühle mit Rosten im Unterteil bekannt. Die Roste lassen sich bei Überholungsarbeiten schubkastenartig aus dem Unterteil der Prallmühle herausziehen. Auch während des Betriebs ist zum Freigeben eines Austrittsspalts ein Abdrücken einer Rostkorbhälfte vom Rotor möglich. Aus Platzgründen innerhalb der Maschine können in dem beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel aber nur sehr geringe Verschiebungen der etwa in der Vertikalebene der Rotorachse geteilten Rostkorbhälften vorgenommen werden. Wird beispielsweise die in Rotordrehrichtung erste Rosthälfte bei Betrieb der Maschine vom Rotor etwas abgerückt, so entsteht ein sich kreisförmig verengender Arbeitsbereich zwischen Rotor und Rost, in welchem sich bei Einsatz der Maschine zum Zerkleinern normalen Mülls oder von Papier das während des Verarbeitens stark an Volumen zunehmende Gut stauen und verklemmen würde. Wenn dagegen oder außerdem die in Drehrichtung zweite Rostkorbhälfte etwas vom Schlagkreis der Rotorwerkzeuge abgerückt wird, ergibt sich hier zwar zwischen Rotor und Rost ein sich öffnender Keil, das vom ersten Rost ablaufende Material gelangt aber gar nicht in den Öffnungskeil sondern staut sich vor dem abgerückten zweiten Rost. Die bekannte Maschine ist daher in ihrer Konzeption zum Zerkleinern von Müll, Papier und ähnlich leichtem Material ungeeignet.From the magazine "Zement-Kalk-Gips", year 18 (1965), number 11, page 6, an impact mill intended for crushing limestone and the like is also known with grates in the lower part. The grids can be pulled out like a drawer from the lower part of the impact mill during overhaul work. Even during operation, a grate half of the grate can be pressed off the rotor to release an outlet gap. For reasons of space within the machine, however, in the exemplary embodiment described, only very slight displacements of the grate basket halves divided approximately in the vertical plane of the rotor axis can be carried out. If, for example, the first half of the grate in the direction of rotation of the rotor is slightly moved away from the rotor when the machine is in operation, a circularly narrowing working area is created between the rotor and the grate, in which, when the machine is used to shred normal waste or paper, the volume that increases greatly during processing Would jam well and jam. If against or also the in Direction of rotation of the second grate basket half is slightly moved away from the impact circle of the rotor tools, there is an opening wedge between the rotor and grate, but the material running off the first grate does not get into the opening wedge at all, but accumulates in front of the removed second grate. The known machine is therefore unsuitable in its design for shredding garbage, paper and similar light material.

Papierzerkleinerer müssen zum Zerreißen von einzeln anfallendem Papier, mehr oder weniger großen gebündelten Stapeln, ganzen Aktenordnern und selbst in Säcken angeliefertem Gut gleichermaßen geeignet sein. An das Maß der Zerkleinerung werden je nach Art des eingegebenen Guts sehr unterschiedliche Anforderungen gestellt. Eine relativ grobe Zerkleinerung reicht beispielsweise aus, wenn es lediglich darum geht, das Papier der Weiterverarbeitung zuzuführen. In manchen Fällen muß glattes Papier lediglich so bearbeitet werden, daß es preßbar wird. Erhebliche Anforderungen an die Feinheit der Zerkleinerung werden dagegen beim Vernichten von Geheimoder Personalakten gestellt. Je feiner das Gut zerkleinert werden soll, um so größer sind Zeit-und Energieaufwand für die Zerkleinerungsarbeit. Es besteht daher ein Interesse, die Maschine den jeweiligen Anforderungen entsprechend kurzfristig und bei laufendem Rotor anpassen zu können. Das gilt besonders dann, wenn kleinere Chargen von Gut unterschiedlicher Art nacheinander zu bearbeiten sind. Um diesen Anforderungen zu genügen, hat man bisher in der Praxis häufig drei aufeinanderfolgende Zerreißer eingesetzt und damit das aufgegebene Gut stufenweise bis zu dem gewünschten Endzustand bearbeitet.Paper shredders must be equally suitable for tearing up individual paper, more or less large bundles, whole files and even goods delivered in bags. The size of the shredding is subject to very different requirements depending on the type of goods entered. A relatively coarse shredding, for example, is sufficient if it is only a question of feeding the paper for further processing. In some cases, smooth paper only needs to be processed to make it pressable. On the other hand, considerable demands are placed on the fineness of the shredding when shredding secret or personnel files. The finer the material to be shredded, the greater the time and energy required for the shredding work. It is therefore of interest to be able to adapt the machine to the respective requirements at short notice and with the rotor running. This is especially true when smaller batches of goods of different types have to be processed one after the other. In order to meet these requirements, three successive shredders have been used in practice up to now, and the processed goods have been processed step by step to the desired final state.

Bei Papierzerreißern besteht wegen des geringen spezifischen Gewichts der Papierschnitzel ein wesentliches Problem darin, die Luft in der Maschine so zu führen, daß zerkleinertes Material in Richtung auf den Maschinenauslaß geblasen bzw. gesaugt wird. Dem steht entgegen, daß der Rotor in Folge seiner hohen Umdrehungszahl jeweils auf der Vorderseite - gesehen in Drehrichtung - von in den Schlagkreis der Rotorwerkzeuge gesetzten festen Werkzeugen einen erhöhten Druck und auf der Rückseite der festen Werkzeuge einen entsprechenden Unterdruck gegenüber dem Umgebungsdruck erzeugt. Hierdurch können in der Maschine Druckverhältnisse entstehen, die dazu führen, daß aufgegebenes Gut mit einem in der Einlaßöffnung der Maschine von innen nach außen gerichteten Luftstrom sofort wieder nach außen getragen wird. Zumindest ist es häufig schwierig, Papier aus dem Füllschacht der Maschine in den Eingriffsbereich der Rotorwerkzeuge zu bringen.Because of the low specific weight of the shredded paper, a major problem with paper shredders is to guide the air in the machine in such a way that shredded material is blown or sucked in the direction of the machine outlet. This is opposed to the fact that the rotor, as a result of its high number of revolutions, generates an increased pressure on the front - as seen in the direction of rotation - of fixed tools placed in the impact circle of the rotor tools and on the back of the fixed tools a corresponding negative pressure relative to the ambient pressure. As a result, pressure conditions can arise in the machine, which result in that the material being delivered is immediately carried out again with an air flow directed from the inside to the outside in the inlet opening of the machine. At least it is often difficult to bring paper from the machine's feed chute into the engagement area of the rotor tools.

Diese Probleme werden noch verstärkt, wenn auf der Unterseite des Rotors zum Erzielen einer gleichmäßigen Papierzerkleinerung Roste angeordnet werden. Bei der hohen Umdrehungsgeschwindigkeit des Rotors können nämlich die Roste nahezu wie geschlossene Bleche wirken, so daß selbst ausreichend zerkleinertes Papier nicht durch den Rost fällt. In der Praxis ist man daher dazu übergegangen, auf den Ausgang der Maschine ein starkes Gebläse zu setzen, das das zerkleinerte Material durch den Bearbeitungsbereich des Rotors hindurchsaugt. Da der Wirkungsgrad der Maschine vom Durchsatz an Zerkleinerungsgut pro Zeiteinheit und von der aufgewendeten Energie abhängt, sollte das Absauggebläse nur dann in Betrieb gesetzt werden müssen, wenn es unbedingt erforderlich ist.These problems are exacerbated when grids are placed on the underside of the rotor to achieve even paper shredding. With the high speed of rotation of the rotor, the grates can act almost like closed sheets, so that even sufficiently shredded paper does not fall through the grate. In practice, therefore, a move has been made to place a powerful blower on the outlet of the machine, which draws the shredded material through the machining area of the rotor. Since the efficiency of the machine depends on the throughput of shredded material per unit of time and on the energy used, the suction fan should only have to be started up when it is absolutely necessary.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den eingangs genannten Papierzerkleinerer so zu verbessern, daß er Zerkleinerungsgut wechselnder Art auf eine jeweils vorgegebene Feinheit mit möglichst günstigem, vom Energieaufwand, Zeitaufwand und der Feinheit der Schnitzel bestimmten Wirkungsgrad zerkleinern kann und bei laufendem Rotor den Anforderungen entsprechend umzurüsten bzw. anzupassen ist.The invention has for its object to improve the paper shredder mentioned at the outset so that it can shred comminution material of a changing type to a respectively specified fineness with the cheapest possible efficiency, determined by the expenditure of energy, time and the fineness of the chips and converting the requirements accordingly when the rotor is running or is to be adjusted.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung besteht darin, daß der Rost aus zwei etwa in der Vertikalebene der Rotorachse geteilten Hälften besteht und unterhalb des Rotors angeordnet ist, daß die in Rotordrehrichtung zweite Rosthälfte vollkommen aus dem Wirkungsbereich der Rotorwerkzeuge unter Freigabe eines Abflußweges für etwa tangential bzw. horizontal von der zu diesem Zeitpunkt einsatzbereiten ersten Rotorhälfte kommendes, zerkleinertes Gut nach oben auszuschwenken ist, und daß die in Drehrichtung des Rotors erste Rosthälfte in verschiedenen Schwenkstellungen zum Schlagkreis der Rotorwerkzeuge zu arretieren ist Erfindungsgemäß ist die Relativlage von an des ersten Rosthälfte angebrachten gegenwerkzengen je nach Schwenkstellung der Rosthälfte zum Schlagkreis der Rotorwerkzenge einzustellen. Ferner besteht die erfindungsgemäße Lösung für das Verfahren zum Betrieb des Papierzerkleinerers darin, daß zum Feinzerkleinern beide Rosthälften in die Arbeitsposition am Schlagkreis der Rotorwerkzeuge gebracht werden, daß bei grobem Material und/oder gröberem Zerreißen zunächst die in Drehrichtung zweite Rosthälfte ganz ausgeschwenkt wird und daß bei noch größeren Materialstücken und/oder noch weniger feinem Zerreißen die erste Rosthälfte, insbesondere allmählich, z.B. stufenweise, vom Schlagkreis der Rotorwerkzeuge weggeschwenkt wird.The solution according to the invention is that the grate consists of two halves divided approximately in the vertical plane of the rotor axis and is arranged below the rotor, that the second grate half in the direction of rotation of the rotor is completely out of the effective range of the rotor tools with the release of a discharge path for approximately tangential or horizontal the comminuted material coming in at this point in time, which is ready for use, is to be swung out upwards, and that the first grating half in the direction of rotation of the rotor is to be locked in different swivel positions relative to the impact circle of the rotor tools Adjust the grate half to the impact circle of the rotor tool. Furthermore, the solution according to the invention for the method for operating the paper shredder is that both grate halves are brought into the working position on the impact circle of the rotor tools for fine shredding, that with coarse material and / or coarser tearing, the second grate half is rotated out completely in the direction of rotation and that at even larger pieces of material and / or even less fine tearing the first half of the grate, especially gradually, e.g. is gradually swung away from the impact circle of the rotor tools.

Durch die Erfindung wird erreicht, daß der Papierzerkleinerer bei laufendem Rotor - dieser kann beispielsweise eine Auslaufzeit von einer halben Stunde haben - allen Anforderungen nach Feinheit der erzeugten Schnitzel, Bearbeitungszeit und möglichst geringem Energieaufwand für aufgegebenes Papiergut verschiedenster Art mit wenigen Handgriffen anzupassen ist. Mit Hilfe des erfindungsgemäßen Papierzerkleinerers können also selbst kleinere Chargen unterschiedlicher Art wirtschaftlich nacheinander bearbeitet werden.With the invention it is achieved that the paper shredder with the rotor running - this can have, for example, a run-down time of half an hour - all requirements for fineness of the chips produced, processing time and the lowest possible energy expenditure for different types of paper goods can be adapted in a few simple steps. With the aid of the paper shredder according to the invention, even smaller batches of different types can be processed economically one after the other.

Sobald beide Rosthälften an den Schlagkreis der Rotorwerkzeuge herangeführt worden sind, können mit der Maschine auch Geheimakten und selbst Geldscheine wirkungsvoll vernichtet werden. In diesem Fall kann jedoch zum Erzielen einer ausreichenden Arbeitsleistung ein Sauggebläse auf den Ausgang des Gehäuses zu schalten sein. Wenn die Anforderungen an die Feinheit der erzeugten Schnitzel geringer sind, kann die in Drehrichtung zweite Rosthälfte völlig aus dem Wirkungsbereich der Rotorwerkzeuge ausgeschwenkt werden, so daß das zerkleinerte Gut tangential, also etwa horizontal, von der noch im Einsatz befindlichen ersten Rosthälfte abfliegt. Da die zweite Rosthälfte beim Ausschwenken nach oben angehoben wird, behindert sie den Abfluß des zerkleinerten Guts nicht. Bei ausgeschwenkter zweiter Rosthälfte reißt der sonst am Rotorumfang bestehende Luftstrom am Ende der ersten Rosthälfte ab und der Rotor selbst erzeugt in der Maschine die gewünschte Luftströmung zum Ansaugen zu zerkleinernden Materials und zum Abführen der erzeugten Schnitzel. In der Regel ist daher schon beim Ausschwenken einer Rosthälfte ein nachgeschaltetes Sauggebläse nicht mehr erforderlich.As soon as both grate halves have been brought up to the impact circle of the rotor tools, secret files and even banknotes can be effectively destroyed with the machine. In this case, however, it may be necessary to switch a suction fan to the outlet of the housing in order to achieve sufficient work performance. If the requirements for the fineness of the chips produced are lower, the second half of the grate in the direction of rotation can be swung out completely from the effective range of the rotor tools, so that the comminuted material flies tangentially, i.e. approximately horizontally, from the first grate half that is still in use. Since the second half of the grate is lifted up when it is swung out, it does not hinder the outflow of the comminuted material. When the second half of the grate is swung out, the air flow that otherwise exists on the circumference of the rotor breaks off at the end of the first half of the grate, and the rotor itself generates the desired air flow in the machine for sucking in material to be shredded and for removing the chips that are produced. As a rule, a downstream suction fan is no longer required when a grate half is swung out.

Die in Drehrichtung des Rotors erste Rosthäfte ist in verschiedenen Schwenkstellungen zum Schlagkreis der Rotorwerkzeuge zu arretieren.The first half of the rust in the direction of rotation of the rotor must be locked in various swivel positions to the impact circle of the rotor tools.

Durch das stufenweise oder kontinuierliche Einstellen der ersten Rosthälfte in verschiedene Schwenkstellungen wird es ermöglicht, zunehmend groberes Material zu verarbeiten bzw. zunehmend gröbere Schnitzel zu erzielen. Als günstig kommt hierbei hinzu, daß beim Ausschwenken der ersten Rosthälfte ein sich in Drehrichtung öffnender Keil zwischen Rost und Rotor entsteht.The gradual or continuous setting of the first half of the grate in different pivot positions makes it possible to process increasingly coarse material and to achieve increasingly coarse chips. In addition, it is advantageous that when the first grate half is pivoted out, a wedge opens in the direction of rotation between the grate and the rotor.

Ein solcher Öffnungskeil ist bei dem während der Verarbeitung stark an Volumen zunehmenden Papier sehr günstig. Wenn schließlich die erste Rosthälfte ganz aus dem Aktionsbereich am Schlagkreis der Rotorwerkzeuge herausgeschwenkt worden ist, würde ohne das Einschalten zusätzlicher Werkzeuge praktisch kein Reißeffekt mehr zu erzielen sein. Die erfindungsgemäße Maschine besitzt daher vor dem Eingang der ersten Rosthälfte einen Reibkamm bzw. eine Amboßkante, die wahlweise in den Wirkungsbereich des Schlagkreises der Rotorwerkzeuge einzuschieben bzw. einzuschwenken ist. Schließlich sei darauf hingewiesen, daß die leichte Ausschwenkbarkeit der Rosthälften auch dazu ausgenutzt werden kann, harte bzw. sich verklemmende Teile oder ähnliches durch vorübergehendes Ausschwenken freizugeben. Während bei diesem vorübergehenden Ausschwenken der Rosthälften keine besonderen Veränderungen an den Rosten selbst vorgenommen werden, kann es jedoch günstig sein, beim allmählichen Abheben der ersten Rosthälfte an dieser vorgesehene Gegenwerkzeuge dem Maß des Abhebens entsprechend näher an den Schlagkreis der Rotorwerkzeuge heranzubringen.Such an opening wedge is very favorable in the case of paper which increases in volume during processing. If, finally, the first half of the grate was completely swung out of the action area on the impact circle of the rotor tools, there would be practically no tearing effect without switching on additional tools. The machine according to the invention therefore has a friction comb or an anvil edge in front of the entrance of the first grate half, which can either be inserted or pivoted into the effective range of the impact circle of the rotor tools. Finally, it should be pointed out that the easy swiveling of the grate halves can also be used to release hard or jammed parts or the like by swiveling them out temporarily. While no special changes are made to the grates themselves during this temporary swiveling out of the grate halves, it can, however, be advantageous, when the first grate half is gradually lifted off, to bring counter-tools provided thereon closer to the impact circle of the rotor tools in accordance with the extent of lifting.

Anhand der schematischen Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels in der Zeichnung werden weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Schnitt durch einen Papierzerkleinerer entlang der Linie II in Fig. 2; und
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie II-II durch den Papierzerkleinerer nach Fig. 1.
Further details of the invention are explained on the basis of the schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment in the drawing. Show it:
  • 1 shows a section through a paper shredder along the line II in Fig. 2. and
  • FIG. 2 shows a section along the line II-II through the paper shredder according to FIG. 1.

Zu dem erfindungsgemäßen Papierzerkleinerer gehören ein in einem Gehäuse 1 mit Einfüllöffnung 2 im Betrieb schnell umlaufender, mit Zerkleinerungswerkzeugen 3 besetzter und von oben mit dem zu zerkleinernden Gut zu beschickender Rotor 4 mit horizontaler Achse 5 und ein unterhalb des Rotors 4 angeordneter, aus zwei Rosthälften 6 und 7 bestehender Auslabrost sowie eine sich daran anschließende Auslaßöffnung des Gehäuses 1. Die beiden Rosthälften 6 und 7 sind dabei etwa in der Vertikalebene der Rotorachse 5 geteilt und umschließen im wesentlichen die untere Rotorhälfte. Ferner sind die Rosthälften 6 und 7 um etwa in der Höhe der Rotorachse 5 horizontal gelagerte Rostachsen 8 und 9 seitlich auszuschwenken. Ein ungewolltes Ausschwenken der Rosthälften 6 und 7 wird im Ausführungsbeispiel durch in Nuten 10 der die Rosthälften 6 und 7 haltenden Wangen 11 eingreifende Sperrbolzen 12 verhindert. Zum gewollten Aus- bzw. Abschwenken der Rosthälften 6 und 7 sind Hydraulik-Kolben-Zylinder-Anordnungen 13 und 14 vorgesehen, die an den Wangen 11 der Rosthälften 6 und 7 angreifen. Die Hydraulikeinrichtung 14 zum Abheben der in Rotordrehrichtung 15 zweiten Rosthälfte 7 wird dabei so ausgebildet, daß diese Rosthälfte einschließlich ihrer Wange 11 beim Ausschwenken längs des angedeuteten Schwenkkreises ganz aus den Bereich der unteren horizontalen Tangente des Schlagkreises 16 der Rotorwerkzeuge 3 in die strichpunktiert angedeutete Stellung gelangt. Die zweite Rosthälfte 7 soll dabei so weit über die erwähnte horizontale Tangente anzuheben sein, daß bei im Einsatz befindlicher erster Rosthälfte 6 vom Rotor 4 bzw. von der Rosthälfte 6 horizontal abgeschleudertes Gut nicht gegen die zweite Rosthälfte 7 stöbt. Die in Drehrichtung 15 erste Rosthälfte 6 braucht dagegen mit Hilfe ihrer Hydraulikanordnung 13 (längs der angedeuteten Schwenklinie) nicht soweit wie die zweite Rosthälfte 7 sondern nur bis in die strichpunktiert angedeutete Stellung auszuschwenken sein, da beim Abheben der ersten Rosthälfte 7 das zerkleinerte Gut nur in den Bereich der ihr benachbarten vertikalen Tangente des Schlagkreises 16 fällt.The paper shredder according to the invention includes a rotor 4 with a horizontal axis 5 which rotates quickly in operation in a housing 1 with a filling opening 2 and is equipped with shredding tools 3 and which is to be loaded with the material to be shredded, and a rotor grille 6 arranged below the rotor 4 and 7 existing Auslabrost and an adjoining outlet opening of the housing 1. The two grate halves 6 and 7 are divided approximately in the vertical plane of the rotor axis 5 and essentially enclose the lower rotor half. Furthermore, the grate halves 6 and 7 can be swiveled out laterally by grate axes 8 and 9 which are horizontally mounted approximately at the height of the rotor axis 5. In the exemplary embodiment, unwanted pivoting out of the grate halves 6 and 7 is prevented by locking bolts 12 engaging in grooves 10 of the cheeks 11 holding the grate halves 6 and 7. Hydraulic piston-cylinder arrangements 13 and 14 are provided for intentionally swiveling the grate halves 6 and 7 in and out, which act on the cheeks 11 of the grate halves 6 and 7. The hydraulic device 14 for lifting off the second grate half 7 in the direction of rotor rotation 15 is designed such that this grate half, including its cheek 11, moves completely out of the area of the lower horizontal tangent of the impact circle 16 of the rotor tools 3 into the position indicated by dash-dotted lines when swiveling out along the indicated swivel circle . The second grate half 7 should be raised so far above the above-mentioned horizontal tangent that when the first grate half 6 is in use, the rotor 4 or the grate half 6 does not bump horizontally against the second grate half 7. The first grate half 6 in the direction of rotation 15, on the other hand, does not need to be swung out as far as the second grate half 7, but only as far as the dash-dotted position, with the aid of its hydraulic arrangement 13 (along the indicated pivot line), since when the first grate half 7 is lifted off, the comminuted material only needs to be swung out the area of the adjacent vertical tangent of the impact circle 16 falls.

Während die in Drehrichtung 15 zweite Rosthälfte 7 nur entweder ganz an den Schlagkreis 16 heranzufahren oder vollständig von diesem abzuschwenken ist, kann die in Drehrichtung 15 erste Rosthälfe 6 in verschiedenen Zwischenstellungen wertvolle Dienste leisten. In den Zwischenstellungen kann es günstig sein, die der Rosthälfte 6 zugeordneten Gegenwerkzeuge 17 und 18 zumindest bei vorgesehenem Dauerbetrieb dem Abstand vom Schlagkreis 16 entsprechend anzuheben oder abzusenken. Wenn die in Drehrichtung 15 erste Rosthälfte 6 teilweise oder ganz aus dem Wirkungsbereich des Schlagkreises 16 der Rotorwerkzeuge 3 geschwenkt wird, sind zum Zerkleinern des aufgegebenen Guts weitere Werkzeuge, z.B. eine in den Wirkungsbereich des Schlagkreises 16 einzufahrende oder einzuschwenkende Amboßklappe 19 erforderlich. Das Gut wird dann zwischen den, beispielsweise durch Fliehkraft radial nach außen gedrückten Rotorwerkzeugen 3 und der Amboßkante 20 zerkleinert. Zum Einstellen der Amboßklappe 19 kann ebenfalls eine Hydraulik-Zylinder-Anordnung 21 vorgesehen werden.While the grate half 7, which is second in the direction of rotation 15, can only either be moved fully to the impact circle 16 or swiveled completely away from it, the grate halves 6, which are first in the direction of rotation 15, can provide valuable services in various intermediate positions. In the intermediate positions, it may be expedient to raise or lower the counter tools 17 and 18 assigned to the grate half 6, at least in the case of intended continuous operation, according to the distance from the impact circle 16. If the first half of the grate 6 in the direction of rotation 15 is partially or completely pivoted out of the effective area of the impact circle 16 of the rotor tools 3, further tools, e.g. an anvil flap 19 to be retracted or swiveled into the effective range of the impact circle 16 is required. The material is then comminuted between the rotor tools 3, which are pressed radially outward by centrifugal force, for example, and the anvil edge 20. A hydraulic cylinder arrangement 21 can also be provided for adjusting the anvil flap 19.

Um das Einstellen und Verschwenken der Rosthälften 6 und 7 einschließlich der zugehörigen Wangen 11 bei laufendem Rotor 4 den Unfallverhütungsvorschriften entsprechend zu ermöglichen, wird das Gehäuse 1 auch im unteren Bereich so groß ausgeführt, daß die gegebenenfalls ausgeschwenkten Teile innerhalb des Gehäuses Platz finden und während des Ausschwenkens die Bedienungsperson nicht durch vom Rotor abgeschleudertes Gut verletzt werden kann.In order to enable the setting and pivoting of the grate halves 6 and 7 including the associated cheeks 11 while the rotor 4 is running in accordance with the accident prevention regulations, the housing 1 is also made so large in the lower region that the parts which may be swiveled out can be accommodated within the housing and during the Swinging out the operator can not be injured by material thrown from the rotor.

Claims (8)

1. Paper shredder, comprising a rotor (4) with horizontal axis (5), rotatably journalled in a housing (1) with filling opening (2) and equipped with shredding tools (3), and comprising an outlet opening of the housing, characterized by an outlet grating (6, 7), with which the outlet opening is associated, wherein the grating can be pivoted laterally about a grating axis parallel to the rotor axis (5), wherein the grating consists of two halves (6, 7), divided approximately in the vertical plane through the rotor axis (5), and is disposed underneath the rotor (4), the second half-grating (7) in the rotor rotational direction (15) can be pivoted away upwards completely out of the range of action of the rotor tools (3) to open a discharge path for shredded material coming approximately tangentially and horizontally from the first half-grating (6) ready for use at this instant, the first half-grating (6) in the rotational direction (15) of the rotor (4) can be arrested in various pivoted positions relative to the beating circle (16) of the rotor tools (3), and the relative position of counter-tools (17, 18) fitted to the first half-grating (6) can be adjusted relative to the beating circle (16) of the rotor tools (3) according to the pivoted position of the half-grating (6).
2. Paper shredder according to Claim 1, wherein the rotor (4) and the range of pivoting of the grating are so surrounded by the housing (1) that actuation of the half-gratings (6, 7) during continuing operation is admissible.
3. Method of operating the paper shredder according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein, for finely shredding, both the half-gratings (6, 7) are brought into the working position at the beating circle (16) of the rotor tools (3), in the case of coarse material and/or coarser shredding, firstly the second half-grating (7) in the rotational direction is pivoted away entirely and, in the case of still larger material pieces and/or less fine shredding, the first half-grating (6) is pivoted away especially gradually, for example by steps, from the beating circle (16) of the rotor tools (3).
4. Method according to Claim 3, wherein the second half-grating (7) in the rotational direction (15) is temporarily completely pivoted away in order to release hard or jammed pieces or the like.
5. Method according to Claim 3, wherein the first half-grating (6), with the second half-grating (7) completely pivoted away, is temporarily pivoted away partly or entirely from the beating circle (16) of the rotor tools (3) in order to release hard pieces.
6. Method according to one or more of Claims 3 to 5, wherein an anvil edge (20) or a shredding comb, provided above the rotor (4), is brought, with the second half-grating (7) pivoted away, into the working position at the beating circle (16) of the rotor tools (3).
7. Method according to one or more of Claims 3 to 6, wherein counter-tools (17, 18), provided at the first half-grating (6) in the rotational direction (15), are brought, with the second half-grating (7) pivoted away, nearer to the beating circle (16) of the rotor tools (3).
8. Method according to one or more of Claims 3 to 7, wherein the adjusting or pivoting of the half-gratings (6, 7) is carried out during operation of the machine with the rotor running.
EP82110359A 1981-12-02 1982-11-10 Paper shredder and operating method Expired - Lifetime EP0080621B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3147634 1981-12-02
DE3147634A DE3147634C2 (en) 1981-12-02 1981-12-02 Paper shredders and methods of operation

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EP0080621A2 EP0080621A2 (en) 1983-06-08
EP0080621A3 EP0080621A3 (en) 1984-09-26
EP0080621B1 EP0080621B1 (en) 1986-10-15
EP0080621B2 true EP0080621B2 (en) 1992-04-29

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ES517846A0 (en) 1984-01-16
ES8402178A1 (en) 1984-01-16
US4557421A (en) 1985-12-10
DE3147634C2 (en) 1984-12-13
EP0080621A3 (en) 1984-09-26
DE3273739D1 (en) 1986-11-20
EP0080621A2 (en) 1983-06-08
DE3147634A1 (en) 1983-06-16
EP0080621B1 (en) 1986-10-15
JPS625015B2 (en) 1987-02-03
JPS58150443A (en) 1983-09-07

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