EP0411438B1 - Crushing apparatus - Google Patents

Crushing apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0411438B1
EP0411438B1 EP90114143A EP90114143A EP0411438B1 EP 0411438 B1 EP0411438 B1 EP 0411438B1 EP 90114143 A EP90114143 A EP 90114143A EP 90114143 A EP90114143 A EP 90114143A EP 0411438 B1 EP0411438 B1 EP 0411438B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stage
machine according
fine
comminuting machine
tool
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EP90114143A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0411438A1 (en
Inventor
Manfred Westerfeld
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Paal GmbH
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Paal's Packpressen-Fabrik & Co KG GmbH
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Priority to AT90114143T priority Critical patent/ATE94423T1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/0007Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating documents
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/0084Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a shredding machine according to the preamble of claim 1, as is known for example from AT-A-364 743.
  • Shredding machines with cutting mechanism which are called “slow-running" in the professional world, are used in particular where there are specified requirements for the shredding degree, the quality of the shredding result and also for the protection of the environment from noise and dust immissions.
  • the "slow-speed machines” thus represent an alternative to the high-speed machines working according to the hammer mill principle, which are extremely robust and powerful, but as a comminution product, they sometimes throw out dust-like material, but sometimes also rough pieces of paper and similar flat waste products.
  • high-speed rotors can sometimes not be used as a source of noise and blown dust.
  • slow-speeders also have special problems in that the cutting units, especially the fine stage, do not have the quantity of material supplied enforce or not accept, so that the shredder stuck and must be started again with great difficulty.
  • the sensitivity to interference of conventional machines requires that the fill level above the second stage or possibly a third stage be kept as low as possible, which requires careful loading.
  • the comminuted starting product is also inhomogeneous in that, even with a high degree of comminution, it still contains compacts compacted by the cutting units in addition to fluffy material. Such inhomogeneities reduce the suitability of the starting material for subsequent pressing, since the crumbling structures hardly expand and thus do not keep the binding wires taut.
  • the object of the invention is accordingly to avoid the aforementioned disadvantages and to create a comminution machine which is less susceptible to malfunction, more powerful and easier to use and which thereby delivers a better, in particular more homogeneous starting product.
  • this object is achieved by a comminution machine according to the preamble of claim 1 with the characterizing features of claim 1.
  • the machine can be brought into high performance ranges with two shredding stages and an intermediate dissolving tool, in which previously only machines with three shredding stages and correspondingly high production costs could be used.
  • the fine shredder can even be significantly downgraded in performance, which significantly reduces the overall costs of the machine and the running operating costs, such as power consumption.
  • the solution according to the invention leads to an improved comminution product insofar as it is well dissolved and thus homogeneous.
  • this homogeneity is an important prerequisite for uniformly dense and firm pressing of the starting material.
  • a swirling device is particularly suitable as a dissolving tool, the arms of which rotate about a vertical axis in the material flow and the volume of which increases many times over.
  • blowers, stirring tools and grinding or shaking devices can also be used.
  • the shredding machine designated overall by 1 in FIG. 1, comprises, in a prismatic upward-pointing housing 2, a first cutter 3 as a rough step on an upstream inlet side 4 of the machine and a second cutter 5 as a fine stage on an underneath outlet side 6 of the machine.
  • the comminution machine 1 which is conventionally equipped to this extent, is designed for a material flow from top to bottom, waste materials such as a file folder 7 being thrown in from above in order to emerge on the underside in the form of fine flakes 8 which should be so uniform and so loosened that they look good let press and that they can also meet the requirements for data protection-compliant document destruction.
  • the coarse step 1 and the fine step 5 have a fundamentally similar structure in that both comprise a pair of sets of cutting disks which mesh with one another.
  • the first cutter 3 (coarse stage) consists of two sets of cutting disks for four cutting disks 9 and 10, which mesh with one another.
  • the cutting disks 9 and 10 within a set are preferably separated from one another by spacer sleeves, the axial length of which approximately corresponds to the thickness of the cutting disks of the opposite set.
  • the cutting disks 9, 10 of both sets and within one set are uniform in thickness, diameter and circumferential contour, which simplifies manufacture, storage and repair.
  • the cutting unit 3 comprises its own drive motor 13, which drives the two cutting discs in opposite directions via a gear (not shown in more detail) on the motor side at a speed reduced to 30 to 80 rpm compared to the motor speed.
  • the direction of rotation is predetermined so that the cutting disks converge at the top in order to pull the material into the cutting area between the shafts 11, 12.
  • an interposed dissolving tool 15 here in the form of a swirling device rotating with a vertical axis 16.
  • a vortex has a star-shaped work wheel, here with four arms 17 behind a central distributor cone 18, the arms 17 running on the outside between stops 19 and 20 fixed to the housing, in order to prevent passage or circulation of material without impact (see FIG . 2).
  • the vortex 15 smashes strands and compacts in the material fed from above and dissolves the compacts 14 into individual sheets, so that the fine stage only receives loose, dissolved and distributed material 21.
  • the material expands to a multiple volume, e.g. to a tenfold volume in case of file destruction. This volume expansion and the interest in uniform application of the fine stage 5 is taken into account by a collecting space 22 between the dissolving tool 15 and the fine stage 5.
  • a vertebra is a particularly suitable dissolution tool due to its design and its performance.
  • dissolution tools of a different type are conceivable, for example an agitator, a blower stage or another grinding or shaking intermediate stage instead of or in addition to the vortex.
  • the dissolved and loosened material 21 brings the fine stage 5 in a way that was previously not possible. This is not only expressed in the greatly reduced susceptibility to faults and in the homogeneous, loose quality of the starting material, this also makes it possible to redesign the fine stage. While grinding machines of the previous type, i.e. Without an intermediate dissolution tool, if a power rating of the second level was advisable, which was rather above the power of the first level, the power requirement of the second level can now be reduced considerably, for example to 1/4. Accordingly, the total power consumption is reduced regardless of the fact that the interposed vortex in turn requires drive power.
  • the cutting discs of the second cutting unit 5 (fine stage) can be subjected to a higher speed, which improves the effectiveness and also the interference immunity of the operation, without the risk that poorly comminuted compacts run through and impair the processing quality.
  • the starting material 8 is rather of loose and homogeneous quality, so that it can be easily processed. In particular, it can be easily processed into firm and homogeneous bales.
  • FIG. 4 shows a modified embodiment of the comminution machine and is designated 25 overall. Like the shredding machine 1, it also contains a coarse stage 3 in the form of a first cutting unit and a fine stage 5 in the form of a second Cutting unit and a dissolving tool 15 in the form of a vortex, so that these stages (shown in simplified form) are also provided with the same reference numerals.
  • the drawing also indicates a modular structure (as in FIG. 1), since the coarse step 3 forms a unit with an associated prismatic housing region 26, just like the vortex 15 with a housing part 27.
  • the overall structure and the material flow are not strictly from top to bottom, rather the material passes down through the vortex 15 to a belt conveyor 28 which conveys the material upwards until it reaches one Slide 29 molded part of a housing 30, which encloses the fine stage 5, reaches the latter.
  • a belt conveyor 28 which conveys the material upwards until it reaches one Slide 29 molded part of a housing 30, which encloses the fine stage 5, reaches the latter.
  • the belt conveyor creates an additional collecting space for loosened material and above all it enables a variable, processing-appropriate material feed to the fine shredder 5.
  • a fill level sensor 31 in the form of a light barrier which monitors the fill level of roughly shredded material and outputs a signal which controls the conveyor. This regulation ensures that the shredder is not overloaded with supplied material, that is, "filled up", but that on the other hand it is also busy and, in particular, is helped by the weight of the material present when it is being drawn in. This improves the homogeneity of the starting product.
  • a dust extraction device 32 is arranged behind a dust filter 33, with which air and dust are sucked out of the collecting spaces, which result directly below the vortex with the collecting space 22 and above the belt with a collecting space 34. This suction protects against the escape of dust at the material inlet, at the material outlet and in particular at the gaps between the housing and the belt conveyor.
  • Another fill level sensor 35 which like the fill level sensor 31 is designed as a light barrier, is located above the first cutting unit 3. While previous shredding machines of a similar type require sensitive material input by hand, the preliminary stage is possible thanks to the more robust and effective operation of the shredding machine according to the invention to be filled with material.
  • This fill can be up to a height of e.g. 60 cm and this size allows the material to be fed mechanically via a belt conveyor or any other conveyor and to install an automatic fill level control with the aid of the fill level sensor 35, in which the feed is switched on and off by the light barrier or another fill level sensor.

Abstract

A shredding apparatus for files and similar waste material, in which the waste material passes through a first cutting mechanism (3) which is designed as a "low-speed shredder" as the coarse-grade stage and afterwards passes through a second cutting mechanism (5) as a fine-grade stage. In order to eliminate problems arising from faults, to improve the shredding capacity and to improve the shredding quality, said shredding apparatus is designed in such a way that a disaggregation tool (15) is connected between the coarse-grade stage (3) and the fine-grade stage (5) in order to break up lengths of material. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Zerkleinerungsmaschine nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, wie sie beispielsweise aus AT-A- 364 743 bekannt ist.The invention relates to a shredding machine according to the preamble of claim 1, as is known for example from AT-A-364 743.

Zerkleinerungsmaschinen mit Schneidwerk, die als "Langsamläufer" in der Fachwelt bezeichnet werden, finden insbesondere dort Anwendung, wo spezifizierte Anforderungen an den Zerkleinerungsgrad, die Qualität des Zerkleinerungsergebnisses und auch an den Schutz der Umgebung vor Lärm und Staubimmission bestehen. Die "Langsamläufer" stellen damit eine Alternative zu den nach dem Hammermühlenprinzip arbeitenden Schnelläufern dar, die überaus robust und leistungsfähig sind, als Zerkleinerungsprodukt aber teils staubartig zermahlendes Material, teils aber auch grobe Fetzen von Papier und dergl. flächigen Abfallprodukten auswerfen. Darüber hinaus sind Schnelläufer als Quelle von Lärm und von ausgeblasenem Staub bisweilen nicht einsetzbar.Shredding machines with cutting mechanism, which are called "slow-running" in the professional world, are used in particular where there are specified requirements for the shredding degree, the quality of the shredding result and also for the protection of the environment from noise and dust immissions. The "slow-speed machines" thus represent an alternative to the high-speed machines working according to the hammer mill principle, which are extremely robust and powerful, but as a comminution product, they sometimes throw out dust-like material, but sometimes also rough pieces of paper and similar flat waste products. In addition, high-speed rotors can sometimes not be used as a source of noise and blown dust.

Aber auch Langsamläufer haben besondere Probleme insofern, als die Schneidwerke, insbesondere unter diesen die Feinstufe, das zugeführte Material nicht mengenmäßig durchsetzen oder nicht annehmen können, so daß sich die Zerkleinerungsmaschine festfährt und überaus mühsam wieder in Gang gesetzt werden muß. Weiterhin verlangt die Störungsempfindlichkeit herkömmlicher Maschinen, daß der Füllstand oberhalb der zweiten Stufe oder ggf. einer dritten Stufe möglichst niedrig gehalten wird, was eine aufmerksame Beschickung voraussetzt. Schließlich ist auch das zerkleinerte Ausgangsprodukt insofern inhomogen, als es auch bei hohem Zerkleinerungsgrad immer noch von den Schneidwerken verdichtete Preßlinge neben flockigem Material enthält. Derartige Inhomogenitäten vermindern die Eignung des Ausgangsmaterials zu einem nachfolgenden Verpressen, da die bröckelartigen Strukturen kaum noch expandieren und damit die Bindedrähte nicht straffhalten.However, slow-speeders also have special problems in that the cutting units, especially the fine stage, do not have the quantity of material supplied enforce or not accept, so that the shredder stuck and must be started again with great difficulty. Furthermore, the sensitivity to interference of conventional machines requires that the fill level above the second stage or possibly a third stage be kept as low as possible, which requires careful loading. Finally, the comminuted starting product is also inhomogeneous in that, even with a high degree of comminution, it still contains compacts compacted by the cutting units in addition to fluffy material. Such inhomogeneities reduce the suitability of the starting material for subsequent pressing, since the crumbling structures hardly expand and thus do not keep the binding wires taut.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es dementsprechend, die vorgenannten Nachteile zu vermeiden und eine Zerkleinerungsmaschine zu schaffen, die weniger störungsanfällig, leistungsfähiger und leichter zu bedienen ist und die dabei ein besseres, insbesondere homogeneres Ausgangsprodukt liefert.The object of the invention is accordingly to avoid the aforementioned disadvantages and to create a comminution machine which is less susceptible to malfunction, more powerful and easier to use and which thereby delivers a better, in particular more homogeneous starting product.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe von einer Zerkleinerungsmaschine nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 ausgehend mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by a comminution machine according to the preamble of claim 1 with the characterizing features of claim 1.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung lassen sich auf überraschend einfache Weise ganz einschneidende Vorteile erzielen, die in einer sehr viel störungsunempfindlicheren Arbeitsweise der Zerkleinerungsmaschine und in einer größeren Leistungsfähigkeit bestehen, die sich nicht nur daraus ergibt, daß die Maschine wegen ihrer geringeren Störungsanfälligkeit höher ausgelastet werden kann. Tatsächlich schafft das Auflösungswerkzeug auch dann, wenn man auf die Störungsgefahr herkömmlicher Zerkleinerungsmaschinen keine Rücksicht nimmt, eine effektivere Arbeitsweise, insbesondere der Feinstufe. Dies führt auch dazu, daß die Feinstufe (im Vergleich zur Grobstufe) schnellaufend ausgebildet werden kann, ohne damit Qualitätseinbußen zu erhalten, die eine Annäherung an Schnelläufer-Betriebsweisen befürchten lassen. Insbesondere ermöglicht der vergleichsweise störungssichere Betrieb den Wegfall der Handbeschickung. Die Materialzuführung kann maschinell erfolgen, wenn man etwa gesteuerte Förderer benutzt und eine Füllstandsüberwachung oberhalb der Grobstufe installiert.With the solution according to the invention it is possible to achieve, in a surprisingly simple manner, very drastic advantages, which consist in a much less interference-insensitive operation of the comminution machine and in a higher performance, which does not only result from the fact that the machine can be used to a higher capacity because of its lower susceptibility to malfunctions. In fact, the resolution tool does too If you do not take into account the risk of malfunctioning conventional shredding machines, a more effective way of working, especially the fine stage. This also leads to the fact that the fine stage (in comparison to the coarse stage) can be developed in a rapid manner, without thereby losing quality, which leads to the fear of an approach to high-speed operating modes. In particular, the comparatively fail-safe operation means that manual loading is eliminated. The material can be fed in mechanically if, for example, controlled conveyors are used and level monitoring is installed above the coarse stage.

Auf der anderen Seite ist die Maschine mit zwei Zerkleinerungsstufen und einem zwischengeschalteten Auflösungswerkzeug in hohe Leistungsbereiche bringbar, in denen bisher nur Maschinen mit drei Zerkleinerungsstufenund entsprechend hohen Gestehungskosten - einsatzbar waren. Der Feinzerkleinerer kann sogar in der Leistung erheblich herabgestuft werden, was die Gesamtkosten der Maschine und die laufenden Betriebskosten, etwa den Stromverbrauch, deutlich senkt.On the other hand, the machine can be brought into high performance ranges with two shredding stages and an intermediate dissolving tool, in which previously only machines with three shredding stages and correspondingly high production costs could be used. The fine shredder can even be significantly downgraded in performance, which significantly reduces the overall costs of the machine and the running operating costs, such as power consumption.

Schließlich führt die erfindungsgemäße Lösung insoweit zu einem verbesserten Zerkleinerungsprodukt, als es gut aufgelöst und damit homogen ist. Diese Homogenität ist aber eine wichtige Voraussetzung zum gleichmäßig dichten und festen Verpressen des Ausgangsmaterials.Finally, the solution according to the invention leads to an improved comminution product insofar as it is well dissolved and thus homogeneous. However, this homogeneity is an important prerequisite for uniformly dense and firm pressing of the starting material.

Als Auflösungswerkzeug eignet sich insbesondere ein Wirbulator, dessen Arme um eine vertikale Achse im Materialstrom rotieren und dessen Volumen auf ein Vielfaches vergrößern. Zum gleichen Zweck sind aber auch Gebläse, Rührwerkzeuge sowie mahlende oder rüttelnde Einrichtungen einsetzbar.A swirling device is particularly suitable as a dissolving tool, the arms of which rotate about a vertical axis in the material flow and the volume of which increases many times over. For the same purpose, however, blowers, stirring tools and grinding or shaking devices can also be used.

Zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden nachfolgend näher beschrieben. In der Zeichnung zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine erste Ausführungsform einer Zerkleinerungsmaschine im vertikalen Längsschnitt,
Fig. 2
Schnitt nach Linie II-II in Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
Draufsicht auf die Zerkleinerungsmaschine nach Fig. 1 und
Fig. 4
vertikaler Längsschnitt durch eine zweite Ausführungsform einer Zerkleinerungsmaschine.
Two embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are described in more detail below. The drawing shows:
Fig. 1
a first embodiment of a shredding machine in vertical longitudinal section,
Fig. 2
Section along line II-II in Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
Top view of the shredding machine according to Fig. 1 and
Fig. 4
vertical longitudinal section through a second embodiment of a shredding machine.

Die in Fig. 1 insgesamt mit 1 bezeichnete Zerkleinerungsmaschine umfaßt in einem prismatisch aufwärts gerichteten Gehäuse 2 ein erstes Schneidwerk 3 als Grobstufe an einer obenliegenden Einlaufseite 4 der Maschine und ein zweites Schneidwerk 5 als Feinstufe an einer untenliegenden Auslaufseite 6 der Maschine. Die insoweit herkömmlich ausgestattete Zerkleinerungsmaschine 1 ist für einen Materialfluß von oben nach unten ausgebildet, wobei Abfallmaterialien wie etwa ein Aktenordner 7 von oben eingeworfen werden, um unterseitig in Form feiner Flocken 8 auszutreten, die so gleichförmig und so gelockert sein sollen, daß sie sich gut pressen lassen und daß sie auch den Ansprüchen an eine datenschutzgerechte Aktenvernichtung entsprechen können.The shredding machine, designated overall by 1 in FIG. 1, comprises, in a prismatic upward-pointing housing 2, a first cutter 3 as a rough step on an upstream inlet side 4 of the machine and a second cutter 5 as a fine stage on an underneath outlet side 6 of the machine. The comminution machine 1, which is conventionally equipped to this extent, is designed for a material flow from top to bottom, waste materials such as a file folder 7 being thrown in from above in order to emerge on the underside in the form of fine flakes 8 which should be so uniform and so loosened that they look good let press and that they can also meet the requirements for data protection-compliant document destruction.

Die Grobstufe 1 und die Feinstufe 5 weisen einen grundsätzlich ähnlichen Aufbau insoweit auf, daß beide ein Paar von Schneidscheibensätzen umfassen, die kämmend ineinandergreifen. Wie aus der Draufsicht nach Fig. 2 ersichtlich ist, besteht das erste Schneidwerk 3 (Grobstufe) aus zwei Schneidscheibensätzen zu vier Schneidscheiben 9 bzw. 10, die kämmend ineinandergreifen. Hierzu sind so auf Wellen 11 bzw. 12 gelagert, distanziert und auf Lücke gesetzt, daß die beiden Umfangskanten einer jeden Schneidscheibe mit den benachbarten Umfangskanten von Schneidscheiben des gegenüberliegenden Schneidscheibensatzes in Schereingriff gelangen. Vorzugsweise sind die Schneidscheiben 9 bzw. 10 innerhalb eines Satzes voneinander durch Distanzbuchsen getrennt, deren axiale Länge annähernd der Stärke der Schneidscheiben des gegenüberliegenden Satzes entspricht. Zweckmäßig sind die Schneidscheiben 9,10 beider Sätze und innerhalb eines Satzes einheitlich in Stärke, Durchmesser und Umfangskontur, was die Herstellung, Lagerhaltung und Reparatur vereinfacht.The coarse step 1 and the fine step 5 have a fundamentally similar structure in that both comprise a pair of sets of cutting disks which mesh with one another. As can be seen from the plan view according to FIG. 2, the first cutter 3 (coarse stage) consists of two sets of cutting disks for four cutting disks 9 and 10, which mesh with one another. For this purpose, are so mounted on shafts 11 and 12, spaced and set on gap that the two peripheral edges of each cutting disc come into shear engagement with the adjacent peripheral edges of cutting discs of the opposite cutting disc set. The cutting disks 9 and 10 within a set are preferably separated from one another by spacer sleeves, the axial length of which approximately corresponds to the thickness of the cutting disks of the opposite set. Expediently, the cutting disks 9, 10 of both sets and within one set are uniform in thickness, diameter and circumferential contour, which simplifies manufacture, storage and repair.

Aus Fig. 3 ist noch ersichtlich, daß das Schneidwerk 3 einen eigenen Antriebsmotor 13 umfaßt, der über ein (nicht näher dargestelltes) Getriebe auf der Motorseite die beiden Schneidscheiben gegensinnig mit einer gegenüber der Motordrehzahl auf 30 bis 80 U/Min reduzierten Drehzahl antreibt. Die Drehrichtung ist so vorgegeben, daß die Schneidscheiben an der Oberseite aufeinander zulaufen, um das Material in den Schneidbereich zwischen den Wellen 11,12 hineinzuziehen.From Fig. 3 it can also be seen that the cutting unit 3 comprises its own drive motor 13, which drives the two cutting discs in opposite directions via a gear (not shown in more detail) on the motor side at a speed reduced to 30 to 80 rpm compared to the motor speed. The direction of rotation is predetermined so that the cutting disks converge at the top in order to pull the material into the cutting area between the shafts 11, 12.

Wie aus Fig. 1 hinsichtlich der Kontur der Schneidscheiben 9,10 zu sehen ist, besitzen diese eine Sägezahn-Kontur mit in Drehrichtung vornliegenden Steilkanten. Dies bedingt einen festen Zugriff bei kompakten Materialien wie eben bei einem Aktenordner.As can be seen from FIG. 1 with regard to the contour of the cutting disks 9, 10, these have a sawtooth contour with steep edges lying in the direction of rotation. This requires permanent access to compact materials such as a file folder.

Es hat sich nun gezeigt, daß das die Grobstufe 3 verlassene Material besondere Eigenschaften aufweist, die bei der Weiterverarbeitung Probleme verursachen. Das in das Schneidwerk eingezogene kompakte Material wird ganz erheblichen Druck- und Schneidkräften ausgesetzt, die es nicht nur zerteilen, sondern auch kompaktieren und an den Schnittkanten verdichten und verbinden. Das Ergebnis sind Preßlinge 14 (vergl. Fig. 1), die von der Feinstufe schlecht angenommen werden und dann Staus hervorrufen und die auch dann, wenn sie durch die Feinstufe 5 hindurchgelangen, teilweise als brockiges Material im Ausgangsprodukt erscheinen, das dann wiederum eine nachfolgende Verarbeitung zu Preßballen beeinträchtigt.It has now been shown that the material leaving the coarse stage 3 has special properties which cause problems during further processing. The compact material drawn into the cutting unit is exposed to very considerable pressure and cutting forces, which not only break it up, but also compact it and compress and connect it at the cutting edges. The result is compacts 14 (see. Fig. 1) by the fine stage are poorly accepted and then cause traffic jams and which, even if they pass through the fine stage 5, sometimes appear as chunky material in the starting product, which in turn impairs subsequent processing into pressed bales.

Gerade hiergegen schafft die Verbindung Abhilfe durch ein zwischengeschaltetes Auflösungswerkzeug 15, hier in Form eines mit vertikaler Achse 16 umlaufenden Wirbulators. Ein solcher Wirbulator besitzt ein sternförmiges Arbeitsrad, hier mit vier Armen 17 hinter einem mittigen Verteilerkegel 18, wobei die Arme 17 außenseitig zwischen gehäusefesten Anschlägen 19 bzw. 20 verlaufen, um eine Passage bzw. einen Umlauf von Material ohne Schlageinwirkung zu verhindern (vergl. Fig. 2).The connection is remedied precisely against this by an interposed dissolving tool 15, here in the form of a swirling device rotating with a vertical axis 16. Such a vortex has a star-shaped work wheel, here with four arms 17 behind a central distributor cone 18, the arms 17 running on the outside between stops 19 and 20 fixed to the housing, in order to prevent passage or circulation of material without impact (see FIG . 2).

Der Wirbulator 15 zerschlägt Stränge und Preßlinge im von oben zugeführten Material und löst die Preßlinge 14 in einzelne Blätter auf, so daß der Feinstufe nur lockeres, aufgelöstes und verteiltes Material 21 zugeht. Dabei erfährt das Material eine Aufweitung auf ein mehrfaches Volumen, z.B. auf ein zehnfaches Volumen bei einer Aktenvernichtung. Diese Volumenaufweitung und dem Interesse an einer gleichförmigen Beaufschlagung der Feinstufe 5 wird durch einen Sammelraum 22 zwischen dem Auflösungswerkzeug 15 und der Feinstufe 5 Rechnung getragen.The vortex 15 smashes strands and compacts in the material fed from above and dissolves the compacts 14 into individual sheets, so that the fine stage only receives loose, dissolved and distributed material 21. The material expands to a multiple volume, e.g. to a tenfold volume in case of file destruction. This volume expansion and the interest in uniform application of the fine stage 5 is taken into account by a collecting space 22 between the dissolving tool 15 and the fine stage 5.

Es versteht sich, daß ein Wirbulator von seiner Bauform und seiner Leistungsfähigkeit ein besonders geeignetes Auflösungswerkzeug ist. Andererseits sind aber Auflösungswerkzeuge anderer Art, etwa eine nach Art eines Rührwerks, einer Gebläsestufe oder einer anderen mahlenden oder rüttelnden Zwischenstufe anstelle des Wirbulators oder zusätzlich zu diesem denkbar.It goes without saying that a vertebra is a particularly suitable dissolution tool due to its design and its performance. On the other hand, however, dissolution tools of a different type are conceivable, for example an agitator, a blower stage or another grinding or shaking intermediate stage instead of or in addition to the vortex.

Das aufgelöste und aufgelockerte Material 21 bringt die Feinstufe 5 in einer Weise zur Wirkung, die bisher nicht möglich war. Dies drückt sich nicht nur in der sehr stark verringerten Störungsanfälligkeit und in der homogenen, lockeren Qualität des Ausgangsmaterials aus, dies ermöglicht es auch, die Feinstufe neu zu konzipieren. Während nämlich Zerkleinerungsmaschinen bisheriger Art, d.h. ohne zwischengeschaltetes Auflösungswerkzeug eine Leistungsauslegung der zweiten Stufe angeraten sein ließen, die eher oberhalb der Leistung der ersten Stufe lag, kann nunmehr der Leistungsbedarf der zweiten Stufe ganz erheblich, etwa auf 1/4 reduziert werden. Dementsprechend reduziert sich auch der Gesamtleistungsverbrauch ungeachtet des Umstandes, daß der zwischengeschaltete Wirbulator seinerseits Antriebsleistung benötigt.The dissolved and loosened material 21 brings the fine stage 5 in a way that was previously not possible. This is not only expressed in the greatly reduced susceptibility to faults and in the homogeneous, loose quality of the starting material, this also makes it possible to redesign the fine stage. While grinding machines of the previous type, i.e. Without an intermediate dissolution tool, if a power rating of the second level was advisable, which was rather above the power of the first level, the power requirement of the second level can now be reduced considerably, for example to 1/4. Accordingly, the total power consumption is reduced regardless of the fact that the interposed vortex in turn requires drive power.

Ferner können die Schneidscheiben des zweiten Schneidwerks 5 (Feinstufe) mit einer höheren Drehzahl beaufschlagt werden, was die Effektivität und auch die Störsicherheit des Betriebs verbessert, ohne daß dabei die Gefahr auftritt, daß schlecht zerkleinerte Preßlinge durchlaufen und die Verarbeitungsqualität beeinträchtigen.Furthermore, the cutting discs of the second cutting unit 5 (fine stage) can be subjected to a higher speed, which improves the effectiveness and also the interference immunity of the operation, without the risk that poorly comminuted compacts run through and impair the processing quality.

Das Ausgangsmaterial 8 ist vielmehr von lockerer und homogener Qualität, so daß es sich gut weiterverarbeiten läßt. Insbesondere läßt es sich gut zu festen und homogenen Ballen weiterverarbeiten.The starting material 8 is rather of loose and homogeneous quality, so that it can be easily processed. In particular, it can be easily processed into firm and homogeneous bales.

In Fig. 4 ist eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform der Zerkleinerungsmaschine dargestellt und insgesamt mit 25 bezeichnet. Sie enthält gleichfalls wie die Zerkleinerungsmaschine 1 eine Grobstufe 3 in Form eines ersten Schneidwerks, eine Feinstufe 5 in Form eines zweiten Schneidwerks und ein Auflösungswerkzeug 15 in Form eines Wirbulators, so daß diese (vereinfacht gezeichneten) Stufen auch mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen sind. Die Zeichnung deutet auch einen modularen Aufbau (wie in Fig. 1) an, da die Grobstufe 3 mit einem zugehörigen prismatischen Gehäusebereich 26 eine Einheit bildet, genauso wie der Wirbulator 15 mit einem Gehäuseteil 27.FIG. 4 shows a modified embodiment of the comminution machine and is designated 25 overall. Like the shredding machine 1, it also contains a coarse stage 3 in the form of a first cutting unit and a fine stage 5 in the form of a second Cutting unit and a dissolving tool 15 in the form of a vortex, so that these stages (shown in simplified form) are also provided with the same reference numerals. The drawing also indicates a modular structure (as in FIG. 1), since the coarse step 3 forms a unit with an associated prismatic housing region 26, just like the vortex 15 with a housing part 27.

Bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 4 ist der Gesamtaufbau und der Materialfluß allerdings nicht strikt von oben nach unten, vielmehr gelangt das Material über den Wirbulator 15 hinweg nach unten auf einen Bandförderer 28, der das Material schräg aufwärts fördert, bis es über einen zu einer Rutsche 29 ausgeformten Teil eines Gehäuses 30, das die Feinstufe 5 umschließt, auf letztere gelangt. Mit dem Förderer und seinem wieder aufwärts gerichtetem Materialtransport verringert sich die Bauhöhe der Zerkleinerungsmaschine, die je nach den Aufstellungs-Räumlichkeiten begrenzt sein kann und die insbesondere auch für das Befüllen oft nicht zu hoch sein darf. Der Bandförderer schafft einen zusätzlichen Sammelraum für aufgelockertes Material und vor allen Dingen ermöglicht er eine variable, verarbeitungsgerechte Materialzuführung zum Feinzerkleinerer 5. Oberhalb des Feinzerkleinerers 5 ist ein Füllstandssensor 31 in Form einer Lichtschranke angeordnet, der den Füllstand an grob zerkleinertem Material überwacht und ein Signal ausgibt, welches den Förderer steuert. Diese Regelung sorgt dafür, daß der Feinzerkleinerer nicht mit zugeführtem Material überlastet, also "zugeschüttet" wird, daß er andererseits aber auch ausgelastet ist und insbesondere durch das Gewicht anstehenden Materials eine Hilfe beim Einziehen erhält. Dies verbessert die Homogenität des Ausgangsprodukts.In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, the overall structure and the material flow are not strictly from top to bottom, rather the material passes down through the vortex 15 to a belt conveyor 28 which conveys the material upwards until it reaches one Slide 29 molded part of a housing 30, which encloses the fine stage 5, reaches the latter. With the conveyor and its material transport, which is directed upwards again, the overall height of the shredding machine is reduced, which can be limited depending on the installation space and which, in particular, often must not be too high for filling. The belt conveyor creates an additional collecting space for loosened material and above all it enables a variable, processing-appropriate material feed to the fine shredder 5. Above the fine shredder 5 there is a fill level sensor 31 in the form of a light barrier which monitors the fill level of roughly shredded material and outputs a signal which controls the conveyor. This regulation ensures that the shredder is not overloaded with supplied material, that is, "filled up", but that on the other hand it is also busy and, in particular, is helped by the weight of the material present when it is being drawn in. This improves the homogeneity of the starting product.

Oberhalb des Förderers 28 ist eine Staub-Absaugvorrichtung 32 hinter einem Staubfilter 33 angeordnet, mit der Luft und Staub aus den Sammelräumen abgesaugt wird, die sich direkt unterhalb des Wirbulators mit dem Sammelraum 22 und oberhalb des Bandes mit einem Sammelraum 34 ergeben. Diese Absaugung schützt gegen den Austritt von Staub am Materialeinlauf, am Materialauslauf und insbesondere an den Spalten zwischen Gehäuse und Bandförderer.Above the conveyor 28, a dust extraction device 32 is arranged behind a dust filter 33, with which air and dust are sucked out of the collecting spaces, which result directly below the vortex with the collecting space 22 and above the belt with a collecting space 34. This suction protects against the escape of dust at the material inlet, at the material outlet and in particular at the gaps between the housing and the belt conveyor.

Ein weiterer Füllstandssensor 35, der wie der Füllstandssensor 31 als Lichtschranke ausgebildet ist, befindet sich oberhalb des ersten Schneidwerks 3. Während frühere Zerkleinerungsmaschinen ähnlicher Art eine feinfühlige Materialeingabe per Hand voraussetzten, ist es dank des robusteren und effektiveren Betriebs der erfindungsgemäßen Zerkleinerungsmaschine möglich, die Vorstufe mit aufgeschüttetem Material zu beaufschlagen. Diese Aufschüttung kann bis zu einer Höhe von z.B. 60 cm aufkommen und diese Größenordnung gestattet es, das Material maschinell über einen Bandförderer oder irgendeinen anderen Förderer zuzuführen und eine selbsttätige Füllstandsregelung mit Hilfe des Füllstandssensors 35 zu installieren, bei der die Zufuhr von der Lichtschranke oder einem sonstigen Füllstandssensor an- und abgeschaltet wird.Another fill level sensor 35, which like the fill level sensor 31 is designed as a light barrier, is located above the first cutting unit 3. While previous shredding machines of a similar type require sensitive material input by hand, the preliminary stage is possible thanks to the more robust and effective operation of the shredding machine according to the invention to be filled with material. This fill can be up to a height of e.g. 60 cm and this size allows the material to be fed mechanically via a belt conveyor or any other conveyor and to install an automatic fill level control with the aid of the fill level sensor 35, in which the feed is switched on and off by the light barrier or another fill level sensor.

Claims (9)

  1. A machine (1, 25) for comminuting document files (7) and like waste material in which the flow of material extends downwardly from above and in which the waste material passes through a first shredding mechanism (3) designed as a so-called "slow runner" and which serves as the coarse stage, and subsequently through a second shredding mechanism (5) which serves as the fine stage, characterised in that between the coarse stage (3) and the fine stage (5) there is a disaggregating tool (15) for breaking up rods and pressed shapes of material (14).
  2. A comminuting machine according to Claim 1, characterised in that the disaggregating tool (15) consists of a spinner having a vertically orientated axis (16).
  3. A comminuting machine according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the disaggregating tool (15) is disposed directly beneath the coarse stage (3).
  4. A comminuting machine according to Claim 1 to 3, characterised in that between the disaggregating tool (15) and the fine stage (5) there is a space (22, 34) for collecting the opened up material.
  5. A comminuting machine according to Claim 4, characterised in that a conveyor (28) is incorporated into the collecting space (34).
  6. A comminuting machine according to claim 4, characterised in that the conveyor (28) is controlled by a filling level sensor (31) at the entrance to the fine stage (5).
  7. A comminuting machine according to Claim 3 or 4, characterised by a dust-extracting device (32) which acts on the collecting space (34).
  8. A comminuting machine according to Claims 1 to 7, with a filling shaft above the coarse stage (3), characterised in that the filling shaft is constructed with a filling level sensor (35) for controlling the feed of material.
  9. A comminuting machine according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the shredding mechanism (5) of the fine stage runs at a higher speed than the shredding mechanism (3) of the coarse stage.
EP90114143A 1989-08-02 1990-07-24 Crushing apparatus Expired - Lifetime EP0411438B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90114143T ATE94423T1 (en) 1989-08-02 1990-07-24 SHREDDER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3925581 1989-08-02
DE3925581A DE3925581A1 (en) 1989-08-02 1989-08-02 CRUSHING MACHINE

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EP0411438A1 EP0411438A1 (en) 1991-02-06
EP0411438B1 true EP0411438B1 (en) 1993-09-15

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AT (1) ATE94423T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3925581A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4236121C2 (en) * 1992-10-27 1996-07-18 Hermann Schwelling Pre-shredding and dosing device, especially for large plants for the destruction of files and. waste materials
US5769337A (en) * 1997-01-14 1998-06-23 Abilfida (Chiasso) S.A. Waste container made of synthetic material with means of reducing the volume of said waste
DE19819650A1 (en) * 1998-05-02 2000-01-13 Dirk Scharrenberg Device for recycling of document files or ring binders
BR112012012528A2 (en) * 2009-11-24 2016-05-03 Dahle Bürotechnik Gmbh document shredder
CA2709258C (en) * 2010-07-08 2018-01-23 Shred-It International Inc. Three stage paper shredder
NL2006916C2 (en) * 2011-06-09 2012-12-11 Syntech Holdings Bv DEVICE FOR REDUCING PAPER, IN PARTICULAR OF VALUE PAPER LIKE BANKNOTES.
DE102011120630A1 (en) 2011-12-09 2013-06-13 Aerocycle Gmbh Process for recycling waste paper
CN107486317A (en) * 2017-08-24 2017-12-19 湖州同晟企业管理咨询服务有限公司 A kind of garbage recovery device for the paper products recovery quality that can classify automatically
CN111330704A (en) * 2020-03-12 2020-06-26 北京融诚信达科技发展有限公司 Recovery plant is destroyed in secret file integration

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1511164C3 (en) * 1966-10-29 1976-01-08 Eba-Maschinenfabrik Adolf Ehinger Kg, 7460 Balingen Device for mechanical shredding of cardboard boxes, etc.
AT364743B (en) * 1977-07-04 1981-11-10 Moco Masch & Apparatebau PELLETIZING MACHINE FOR A PLANT FOR CRUSHING WASTE MATERIAL
DE3215380A1 (en) * 1982-04-24 1983-10-27 Adolf 7460 Balingen Ehinger Comminution device for leaf-shaped or strip-shaped information carriers

Also Published As

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ATE94423T1 (en) 1993-10-15
DE59002715D1 (en) 1993-10-21
EP0411438A1 (en) 1991-02-06
DE3925581A1 (en) 1991-02-07

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