EP0053755B1 - Method and arrangement for impact crushing - Google Patents

Method and arrangement for impact crushing Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0053755B1
EP0053755B1 EP81109859A EP81109859A EP0053755B1 EP 0053755 B1 EP0053755 B1 EP 0053755B1 EP 81109859 A EP81109859 A EP 81109859A EP 81109859 A EP81109859 A EP 81109859A EP 0053755 B1 EP0053755 B1 EP 0053755B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
impact
impact crushing
jacket
screening
crushing
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Expired
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EP81109859A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0053755A2 (en
EP0053755A3 (en
Inventor
Edwin Eisenegger
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from DE19803046173 external-priority patent/DE3046173A1/en
Priority claimed from DE19813138259 external-priority patent/DE3138259A1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT81109859T priority Critical patent/ATE21049T1/en
Publication of EP0053755A2 publication Critical patent/EP0053755A2/en
Publication of EP0053755A3 publication Critical patent/EP0053755A3/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/13—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft and combined with sifting devices, e.g. for making powdered fuel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an impact milling process of granular raw material into a finished product of a narrow predetermined grain size band, in which at least a portion of not passed through at least part of before the completion of an impact milling phase along a sieve shell extending essentially over the entire grinding path from the feed to this the regrind that has passed through the sieve jacket is removed from the impact grinding.
  • the invention relates to an impact grinding system for carrying out the impact grinding process with impact tools circulating in the grinding chamber inside the sieve jacket, a feed device guiding the raw material into the grinding chamber, a discharge device discharging the finished goods outside the sieve jacket and one in the direction of rotation of the impact tools in front of the Feeding device arranged, connected to a discharge line extraction device for ground material that has not passed through the screen jacket.
  • the object of the invention is to develop a method of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 in such a way that the overall efficiency for producing a finished product within a specific grain size range is improved and the proportion of very fine material is reduced, the grain size of which is substantially smaller than that determined by the screen jacket . as well as to create an impact grinding plant for carrying out the method.
  • Embodiments of the invention are set out in the subclaims and the impact grinding system according to the invention is specified in claim 12.
  • the invention is particularly advantageous for use in grain and feed milling, the raw materials of which are inhomogeneous and of different densities and the finished goods of which are of different weights. These properties make grain size separation difficult, which is generally only possible through sieving.
  • the process according to the invention is characterized in that before the end of an impact grinding phase, that is to say before the complete passage through the grinding path, that is to say before the feed point is reached again by the ground material previously fed in for an impact grinding phase, at least a large part of the not the ground material that has passed through is removed and thus removed from the impact grinding.
  • This removal of the proportion of regrind not passed through the sieve jacket preferably takes place shortly before reaching the feed point for the raw material, so that with the sieve jacket extending essentially over the entire grinding path, a large part of the regrind that has already been comminuted to the required grain size can pass through the sieve jacket as finished product while a be share of the regrind already having the required grain size, together with a portion of the excess material which has not yet been comminuted to the required grain size, both of which have not passed through the sieve jacket, are removed and thus removed from the impact grinding.
  • These extracted portions of the ground material are subjected to a grain size separation in order to separate the finished product portion from the excess material portion. The portion of excess material is fed back to the impact grinding together with fresh raw material, while the portion of finished product separated in the grain size separation is removed together with the finished product which has passed through the screen jacket.
  • the grain size separation of the regrind portion removed from the impact grinding takes place by sieving, which ensures a simple and reliable separation of the finished product portion from the oversize portion.
  • the regrind that has passed through the sieve jacket is also fed to the grain size separation, so that this regrind fraction is also subjected to a test for correct grain size in order to to ensure that the finished product released from the grain size separation actually lies in the predetermined grain size band, which is particularly necessary in the case of fully automatic operation of such a system. If, on the other hand, excess material is also contained in the proportion of regrind that has passed through the sieve jacket, this excess material is also fed back into the feed device via the first outlet of the grain size separating device.
  • the impact, centrifugal or hammer mill 1 with the finished goods collecting space 11 within a housing 12 has a mill outlet 13 which opens into a pneumatic conveying path 14 as a discharge device.
  • the feed device 2 connects to a raw material hopper or feed container 21. This comprises a vibrating conveyor trough 22 and an adjoining feed shaft 23.
  • the feed shaft 23 is connected to the actual grinding unit 3 of the impact mill 1.
  • a grinding rotor 31 with impact tools or grinding hammers 32 is radially surrounded by a screen jacket 33 and rotatably arranged within the finished product collecting space 11 and driven in a known manner by a drive motor, not shown here.
  • a grinding chamber 34 is formed within the screen jacket 33 in the region of the impact tools 32, into which the feed shaft 23 opens.
  • a grain size separating device 4 consists of a sieve housing 41 with an oscillating drive 42 and an oscillatable bearing 43.
  • a sieve grating or mesh 44 adapted to the desired grain size separation is provided in the sieve housing 41.
  • the vibrating conveyor trough 22 is connected to the screen housing 41 and thus to the common vibratory drive 42.
  • a withdrawal device 51 from the grinding chamber 34 is arranged in a subsequent discharge or return line 52 in the screen jacket 33.
  • the return line opens into a cyclone separator 53, which is connected to the grain size separating device 4 by an air lock, in particular a cellular wheel lock 55.
  • An air outlet 54 of the cyclone separator 53 and the conveying section 14 can be designed in a known manner as pneumatic conveying and aspiration systems with fans and separators.
  • the air pressure required for the pneumatic return via the return line 52 can also be generated by the grinding rotor 31 or an impeller connected to it or formed on it.
  • the regrind remaining in the grinding chamber 34 up to the take-off device 51 arrives as return material from the impact grinding into the return line 52 and in this by pneumatic conveying into the cyclone separator 53 and out of this through the air lock 55 into the grain size separating device 4 predefined grain size band is adapted for the finished goods, the return material is separated into falling through finished goods and a surplus share as a rejection.
  • the finished product that has fallen through passes through the finished product outlet 46 to the finished product from the impact grinding phase in the collecting space 11, the excess material flows from the repelling overflow 45 into the feed device 2 and from there together with fresh raw material into the grinding chamber 34 for one through Mouth of the feed shaft 23 and the extraction device 51 along the screen jacket 33 limited impact grinding phase.
  • each make-up for each prilling phase takes place through a mixture of raw material from the feed container 21 and excess material from the grain size separating device 4.
  • This impact grinding process in such an impact grinding system ensures that a good part of the finished product produced during the impact grinding phase is discharged through the screen jacket, and that the remaining finished product portion of a grain size separation which is carried over well in the grinding chamber subjected and thus separated from insufficiently comminuted oversize material, so that only a small amount of oversize material is fed to a further impact milling phase.
  • the efficiency is improved thanks to the substantial relief of the finished product in the impact grinding phases and the power requirement is reduced, as is the screen area requirement and the size of the grain size separating device.
  • FIG. 2 of the drawing works in a similar manner to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a further cyclone separator 58 being shown, which is connected to the conveying path 14 in order to remove the finished product discharged by it separating it conveying air, the cyclone separator 58 is connected in a known manner to a suction fan 59 which is driven by a motor 60.
  • a cellular wheel sluice 61 is provided below the cyclone separator 58 and serves as an air sluice in order to improve the effect of the suction blower 59 on the conveying path 14 or the collecting space 11.
  • the air outlet 54 of the cyclone separator 53 can also be connected to the suction fan 59 in order to support the conveying of the material to be returned in the return line 52.
  • the repulsion overflow 45 of the grain size separating device 4 is connected to the grinding chamber 34 separately from the feed shaft 23.
  • an airlock 56 which is preferably also a cellular wheel sluice and which pneumatically decouples the space of the grain size separating device 4 above the sieve grating 44 from the grinding chamber 34.
  • a further air lock 57 which is preferably also a cellular wheel lock, is also provided between the finished product outlet 46 of the grain size separating device 4 and the collecting space 11 in order to pneumatically decouple it from the space of the grain size separating device 4 formed below the screen grid 44.
  • Such a vacuum in the space of the grain size separating device formed below the screen 44 could adversely affect the grain size separation if an air flow from the space formed above the screen 44 to the space formed below the screen would cause the openings to become blocked of the screen grid would lead through the excess material.
  • the Grain size separating device 4 is pneumatically decoupled or separated both from the grinding chamber 34 and from the collecting chamber 11.
  • the grinding rotor 31 is designed as an impeller or is combined with an impeller, which is indicated in the exemplary embodiment shown by impeller blades 61.
  • the repulsion overflow 45 and the finished product outlet 46 are pneumatically decoupled from the grinding chamber 34 and the collecting chamber 11 with the aid of air locks 56 and 57.
  • the feed of the raw material and also of the excess material discharged from the repulsion overflow 45 takes place centrally from the front side of the screen jacket, as can be clearly seen in particular from FIG. 4.
  • the effective length of the screen jacket 33 can be increased since it is only interrupted by the trigger device 51.
  • this embodiment differs from that of the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 only in that a separate suction fan 59 is not required, since the material removed from the extraction device 51 from the grinding process for the return and also for discharging the in the Collection space 11 collected finished goods required air pressure or a required air flow is generated by the grinding rotor 31 designed as an impeller itself.
  • the remaining mode of operation corresponds to that of the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 5 Another exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained with reference to FIG. 5, in which the same or with reference numerals denote the same or corresponding components as in the previous exemplary embodiments.
  • the grain to be ground is fed from a feed container 21 via a feed shaft 23 to a metering screw 22 ′, then fed to a feed device 2, which feeds the grain into a grinding chamber 34 formed within a sieve jacket 33.
  • Impact tools 32 circulate within the screen jacket 33, and their direction of rotation can be selected either clockwise or counterclockwise.
  • Extraction devices 51 'and 51 are provided on both sides of the feed opening in the sieve jacket 33, which can be optionally closed by flaps 68 and 68', so that at most one of the extraction devices is open and thus effective to pull off regrind from the grinding chamber 34 '
  • Both the extraction devices 51 'and 51" and the one which can be closed with the slide 67 The opening opens into a space 11 surrounding the screen jacket 33, into which the ground material passing through the screen jacket also reaches.
  • the space 11 is connected to a discharge screw 62 which conveys the regrind entering the space 11 to a third outlet 63, from which the regrind is passed via an airlock 55 'to a bucket elevator 52' which forms the return line for the regrind .
  • the bucket elevator 52 conveys the regrind to a grain size separating device 4, which essentially consists of a sieve grid 44, whereby this grain size separating device 4 can be designed in the same way as is explained in more detail in the main patent.
  • the grain size separating device has a first outlet 45 for the oversize material which does not pass through the sieve grid 44 and a second outlet 46 for the finished material which has passed through the sieve grid and whose grain size is thus within the predetermined grain size range.
  • the first outlet 45 is connected to the metering screw 22 '. so that the excess material is fed from the dosing screw to the feed device 2.
  • the second outlet 46 is connected to a discharge device 14 ′, which is shown only schematically here, and which conveys the finished product.
  • the space 11 and the housing having the discharge screw 62 are connected via a filter 64 to a fan 65 which is driven by a motor 66.
  • the fan 65 extracts air from the space 11 or the entire grinding arrangement, which air is fed to the grinding arrangement via a side air inlet provided on the feed device 2.
  • the feed device 2 can also perform a central feed in the direction of the axis of rotation of the rotor carrying the impact tools 32 instead of peripheral feeding of the ground material, as is shown in detail in FIG. 3 of the main patent.
  • one of the flaps 68 and 68 ' is open, while the other is closed, so that one of the extraction devices 51' or 51 "grist does not pass through the sieve jacket 33 has passed through, is withdrawn from the grinding chamber 34 in order to be passed into the room 11.
  • This ground material withdrawn from the grinding chamber together with the grinding material which has passed through the sieve jacket 33 reaches the chamber 11 via the chamber 11 Discharge screw 62 and via the third outlet 63 and the airlock 55 'to the bucket elevator 52', which passes this regrind to the grain size separator 4.
  • the grain size separation into finished goods and oversize takes place with the aid of the screen grid 44, the finished goods having a grain size lying in the specific grain size range.
  • the finished product is fed to the discharge device 14 'via the second outlet 46.
  • the oversize material that does not pass through the screen grid 44 reaches the metering screw 22 ′ via the first outlet 45, which can be regulated depending on the load.
  • This excess material is passed together with fresh grain discharged from the feed container 21 via the feed shaft 23 to the feed device 2, via which the excess material is again fed into the grinding chamber 34.
  • the slide 67 is partially or completely opened in this process, in addition to the regrind removed from the grinding chamber 34 via the extraction device 51 ′ or 51 ′′, regrind is removed from the grinding chamber 34, as a result of which the grain size of the grinding stock fed to the grain size separating device 4 is determined
  • the slide 67 can also be fully opened In this case, both flaps 68 and 68 'can then be closed, since the regrind to be removed from the grinding chamber and which has not passed through the screen jacket 33 can then be removed only through the opening opened by the slide 67.
  • the method according to the invention and the system according to the invention ensure, by supplying all of the ground material removed from the grinding phase to the grain size separating device, that the ground material which has passed through the sieve jacket 33 is again subjected to a test for correct grain size. This means that even in the case of fully automatic operation of such an impact grinding system, in which no operating personnel are involved, the impact grinding system, and therefore no operating personnel, that the finished product exactly complies with a grain size lying in the particular grain size range.
  • a dosing screw 22 ', a discharge screw 62 and a bucket elevator 52' have been specified and shown schematically in the drawing as the conveying devices, other conveying devices such as conveyor belts or the like can of course also be used, which in each case depend on the length of the conveyor belt to be bridged conveyor line.
  • control of the grain size explained in connection with the slide 67 can of course also be carried out additionally or alternatively by continuously adjusting the opening cross section of the openings to be closed by the flaps 68 or 68 '.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Prallmahl-Verfahren von körnigem Rohgut in ein Fertiggut von engem vorbestimmten Körnungsband, bei dem vor Beendigung einer Prallmahlphase entlang eines sich im wesentlichen über den gesamten Mahlweg von der Einspeisung bis zu dieser hin erstreckenden Siebmantels mindestens ein Teil von nicht durch den Siebmantel hindurchgetretenen Mahlgutanteilen aus der Prallmahlung entfernt wird. Außerdem bezieht sich die Erfindung auf eine Prallmahl-Anlage zur Durchführung des Prallmahl-Verfahrens mit im Mahlraum innerhalb des Siebmantels umlaufenden Prallwerkzeugen, einer das Rohgut in den Mahlraum führenden Speisevorrichtung, einer außerhalb des Siebmantels das Fertiggut abführenden Austragvorrichtung und einer in Umlaufrichtung der Prallwerkzeuge vor der Speisevorrichtung angeordneten, mit einer Abführleitung verbundenen Abzugsvorrichtung für nicht durch den Siebmantel hindurchgetretene Mahlgutanteile.The invention relates to an impact milling process of granular raw material into a finished product of a narrow predetermined grain size band, in which at least a portion of not passed through at least part of before the completion of an impact milling phase along a sieve shell extending essentially over the entire grinding path from the feed to this the regrind that has passed through the sieve jacket is removed from the impact grinding. In addition, the invention relates to an impact grinding system for carrying out the impact grinding process with impact tools circulating in the grinding chamber inside the sieve jacket, a feed device guiding the raw material into the grinding chamber, a discharge device discharging the finished goods outside the sieve jacket and one in the direction of rotation of the impact tools in front of the Feeding device arranged, connected to a discharge line extraction device for ground material that has not passed through the screen jacket.

Bei einem solchen aus der FR-A-943 826 bekannten Prallmahl-Verfahren bzw. einer Prallmahl-Anlage wird ein nicht durch den Siebmantel hindurchgetretener Mahlgutanteil, der aus leichteren bzw. gröberen Anteilen des Mahlgutes besteht, mit Hilfe von Trägerluft aus der Prallmahlung entfernt.In such an impact milling method or an impact milling system known from FR-A-943 826, a portion of the regrind that has not passed through the screen jacket and consists of lighter or coarser portions of the regrind is removed from the impact milling with the aid of carrier air.

Aus der US-A-4 183 471 ist eine Prallmahl-Anlage bekannt, mit der Alfalfa in die gröberen Stengel- und Faserteile und die feineren Blatteile getrennt werden soll. Die feineren Blatteile treten dabei durch einen die untere Hälfte des Mahlraumes begrenzenden Siebmantel. Die gröberen Stengel- und Faserteile können über eine in die obere Hälfte des Mahlraumes mündende Öffnung austreten, was infolge der durch die umlaufenden Prallwerkzeuge auf diese gröberen Teile ausgeübte Zentrifugalkraft erfolgt. Mit dieser Öffnung zum Austritt der gröberen Teile aus dem Mahlraum ist eine Absaugleitung verbunden.From US-A-4 183 471 an impact grinding plant is known with which alfalfa is to be separated into the coarser stem and fiber parts and the finer leaf parts. The finer parts of the blade pass through a sieve jacket that delimits the lower half of the grinding chamber. The coarser stem and fiber parts can emerge through an opening that opens into the upper half of the grinding chamber, which occurs as a result of the centrifugal force exerted on these coarser parts by the rotating impact tools. A suction line is connected to this opening for the exit of the coarser parts from the grinding chamber.

Aus der DE-B-12 21 083 ist eine Prallmahl-Anlage mit einem Windsichter bekannt, bei der das gesamte Mahlgut aus dem Mahlraum heraus über einen Steigkanal einem Sichtraum des Windsichters zugeführt wird. Das bei der Windsichtung abgetrennte Übergut wird mit Hilfe einer Pendelklappe erneut dem Mahlraum zugeführt.From DE-B-12 21 083, an impact grinding system with a wind sifter is known, in which the entire regrind is fed out of the grinding chamber via a riser to a viewing space of the wind sifter. The excess material separated during the wind sifting is fed back into the grinding chamber with the help of a swing flap.

Aus der US-A-3184170 ist es bekannt, bei Hammer-, Schlag- und Schleudermühlen das gemahlene Gut nach einem oder mehreren Mahlphasen einer Windsichtung zu unterwerfen und das gegenüber einem Grenzgewicht schwerere Übergut erneut einer Zerkleinerungs- oder MahlPhase, vorzugsweise in Kombination mit frisch eingespeistem Rohgut, zuzuführen.From US-A-3184170 it is known, in hammer, impact and centrifugal mills, to subject the ground material to air separation after one or more grinding phases and the excess material, which is heavier than a limit weight, to a comminution or grinding phase again, preferably in combination with fresh fed raw material.

Aus der SU-A-13 99 22 ist es bekannt, bei Hammer-, Schlag- und Schleudermühlen mit im Mahlraum innerhalb eines Siebmantels umlaufenden Zerkleinerungs-Werkzeugen wie Prallschläger oder Mahlhämmer das innerhalb eines gewünschten Körnungsbandes durch den Siebkörper hindurchgetretene Fertiggut mechanisch oder pneumatisch abzufördern und den nach einer ersten Zerkleinerungs-Phase noch im Mahlraurn innerhalb des Siebmantels verbleibenden Anteil an ungenügend zerkleinertem und nicht hindurchgetretenem Mahlgut aus diesem als Rückführgut abzuziehen und der Zerkleinerung, zusammen mit frischem Rohgut, durch mechanische Rückführung wieder zuzugeben.From SU-A-13 99 22 it is known to mechanically or pneumatically convey the finished product which has passed through the sieve body within a desired grain size band in the case of hammer, impact and centrifugal mills with comminution tools such as impact beaters or mill hammers circulating in the grinding chamber within a sieve jacket after a first comminution phase, the portion of insufficiently comminuted and not passed through regrind remaining in the grinding chamber within the sieve jacket is withdrawn from this as return material and added to the comminution, together with fresh raw material, by mechanical recycling.

Beide Zerkleinerungsverfahren zur Erzeugung eines gemahlenen Fertiggutes möglichst engen Korngrößenbandes scheitern daran, daß ein zu großer Anteil an auf Fertiggut-Feinheit ermahlenen Mahlgut mit dem aus einer ersten Mahlphase weitergezogenen Übergut in weitere Zerkleinerungsphasen vermischt bleibt. Diese weiteren Zerkleinerungsphasen werden damit unnötig mit Zerkleinerungsgut belastet, so daß der Gesamtwirkungsgrad bei gleichzeitiger Überdimensionierung von Anlageteilen gering ist.Both crushing methods for producing a ground finished product with the narrowest possible grain size range fail because an excessively large proportion of ground material ground to finished product fineness remains mixed with the excess material which has been drawn on from a first grinding phase in further comminution phases. These further comminution phases are thus unnecessarily burdened with comminuted material, so that the overall efficiency is low while oversizing system parts.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren der im Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 genannten Art so weiterzubilden, daß der Gesamtwirkungsgrad zur Erzeugung eines Fertiggutes innerhalb eines bestimmten Körnungsbandes verbessert und dabei der Anteil an Feinstgut verringert werden, dessen Körnung wesentlich kleiner als die durch den Siebmantel bestimmteist. sowie eine Prallmahl-Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens zu schaffen.The object of the invention is to develop a method of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 in such a way that the overall efficiency for producing a finished product within a specific grain size range is improved and the proportion of very fine material is reduced, the grain size of which is substantially smaller than that determined by the screen jacket . as well as to create an impact grinding plant for carrying out the method.

Bei einem Prallmahl-Verfahren der genannten Art ist diese Aufgabe durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.In the case of an impact meal method of the type mentioned, this object is achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.

Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen und die erfindungsgemäße Prallmahl-Anlage ist im Anspruch 12 angegeben.Embodiments of the invention are set out in the subclaims and the impact grinding system according to the invention is specified in claim 12.

Die Erfindung ist besonders vorteilhaft in der Getreide- und Futtermittel-Müllerei anzuwenden, deren Rohgüter inhomogen und von unterschiedlicher Dichte und deren Fertiggüter von unterschiedlicher Wichte sind. Diese Eigenschaften erschweren die Korngrößen-Trennung, die im allgemeinen nur durch Siebung möglich ist.The invention is particularly advantageous for use in grain and feed milling, the raw materials of which are inhomogeneous and of different densities and the finished goods of which are of different weights. These properties make grain size separation difficult, which is generally only possible through sieving.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß vor Beendigung einer Prallmahl-Phase, das heißt vor dem vollständigen .Durchlaufen des Mahlweges, also vor dem erneuten Erreichen der Einspeisestelle durch das für eine Prallmahl-Phase zuvor eingespeiste Mahlgut, mindestens ein Großteil des nicht durch den Siebmantel hindurchgetretenen Mahlgutanteils abgezogen und damit aus der Prallmahlung entfernt wird. Vorzugsweise geschieht dieses Abziehen des nicht durch den Siebmantel hindurchgetretenen Mahlgutanteils kurz vor Erreichen der Einspeisestelle für das Rohgut, so daß bei sich im wesentlichen über den gesamten Mahlweg erstreckendem Siebmantel ein großer Teil des auf die erforderliche Korngröße bereits zerkleinerten Mahlgutes als Fertiggut durch den Siebmantel hindurchtreten kann, während ein ebenfalls bereits die erforderliche Korngröße aufweisender Anteil des Mahlgutes zusammen mit einem noch nicht auf die erforderliche Korngröße zerkleinerten Übergutanteils, die beide nicht durch den Siebmantel hindurchgetreten sind, abgezogen und damit aus der Prallmahlung entfernt werden. Diese abgezogenen Anteile des Mahlgutes werden einer Korngrößen-Trennung unterzogen, um den Fertiggutanteil von dem Übergutanteil zu trennen. Der Übergutanteil wird zusammen mit frischem Rohgut der Prallmahlung erneut zugeführt, während der bei der Korngrößen-Trennung getrennte Fertiggutanteil zusammen mit dem durch den Siebmantel hindurchgetretenen Fertiggut abgeführt wird.The process according to the invention is characterized in that before the end of an impact grinding phase, that is to say before the complete passage through the grinding path, that is to say before the feed point is reached again by the ground material previously fed in for an impact grinding phase, at least a large part of the not the ground material that has passed through is removed and thus removed from the impact grinding. This removal of the proportion of regrind not passed through the sieve jacket preferably takes place shortly before reaching the feed point for the raw material, so that with the sieve jacket extending essentially over the entire grinding path, a large part of the regrind that has already been comminuted to the required grain size can pass through the sieve jacket as finished product while a be share of the regrind already having the required grain size, together with a portion of the excess material which has not yet been comminuted to the required grain size, both of which have not passed through the sieve jacket, are removed and thus removed from the impact grinding. These extracted portions of the ground material are subjected to a grain size separation in order to separate the finished product portion from the excess material portion. The portion of excess material is fed back to the impact grinding together with fresh raw material, while the portion of finished product separated in the grain size separation is removed together with the finished product which has passed through the screen jacket.

Durch das Entfernen des am Ende des Mahlweges durch den Siebmantel noch immer nicht hindurchgetretenen Mahlgutanteils aus der Prallmahlung wird ein Weiterschleppen von durch den Siebmantel nicht hindurchgetretenen Fertiggutes in die nächste Prallmahl-Phase verhindert, wodurch die Leistungsaufnahme bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erheblich verringert und damit der Wirkungsgrad des Mahlvorganges erheblich verbessert wird, da auch eine Prallmahl-Anlage zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens entsprechend kleiner ausgelegt werden kann.By removing the portion of regrind that has not yet passed through the sieve jacket at the end of the grinding path from the impact grinding, finished goods that have not passed through the sieve jacket are prevented from being carried into the next impact milling phase, which considerably reduces the power consumption in the process according to the invention and thus the efficiency of the grinding process is considerably improved, since an impact grinding plant for carrying out the method according to the invention can also be designed to be correspondingly smaller.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung erfolgt die Korngrößen-Trennung des aus der Prallmahlung entfernten Mahlgutanteils durch Siebung, die eine einfache und zuverlässige Trennung des Fertiggutanteils von dem Übergutanteil gewährleistet.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the grain size separation of the regrind portion removed from the impact grinding takes place by sieving, which ensures a simple and reliable separation of the finished product portion from the oversize portion.

Für eine gleichmäßige Speisung von Mahlanlagen hat sich die Verwendung schwingender Förderrinnen wegen der damit möglichen Dosierung des Förderstromes als vorteilhaft erwiesen. Als eine bevorzugte Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird ein gemeinsamer Schwingantrieb für die für die Siebung vorgesehene Anordnung und die für die Speisung vorgesehene schwingende Förderrinne benutzt.The use of vibrating conveying troughs has proven to be advantageous for uniform feeding of grinding plants because of the possible metering of the conveying flow. As a preferred development of the invention, a common vibratory drive is used for the arrangement provided for the screening and for the vibrating conveyor trough provided for the feeding.

Bei einer in den Ansprüchen 8 bis 11 sowie 22 bis 24 angegebenen Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bzw. der Anlage wird auch das durch den Siebmantel hindurchgetretene Mahlgut der Korngrößen-Trennung zugeführt, so daß also auch dieser Mahlgutanteil einer Prüfung auf richtige Korngröße unterworfen wird, um sicherzustellen, daß das von der Korngrößen-Trennung abgegebene Fertiggut tatsächlich in dem vorbestimmten Körnungsband liegt, was insbesondere bei einem vollautomatischen Betrieb einer solchen Anlage erforderlich ist. Ist dagegen auch in dem durch den Siebmantel hindurchgetretenen Mahlgutanteil noch Übergut enthalten, so wird auch dieses Übergut über den ersten Auslaß der Korngrößen-Trennvorrichtung der Speisevorrichtung wieder zugeführt.In one embodiment of the method or the system specified in claims 8 to 11 and 22 to 24, the regrind that has passed through the sieve jacket is also fed to the grain size separation, so that this regrind fraction is also subjected to a test for correct grain size in order to to ensure that the finished product released from the grain size separation actually lies in the predetermined grain size band, which is particularly necessary in the case of fully automatic operation of such a system. If, on the other hand, excess material is also contained in the proportion of regrind that has passed through the sieve jacket, this excess material is also fed back into the feed device via the first outlet of the grain size separating device.

Mit Hilfe des in dem Siebmantel vorgesehenen Schiebers kann zusätzlich zu der mit der Abführleitung verbundenen Abzugsvorrichtung oder aber bei mit Hilfe der Klappe verschlossener Abzugsvorrichtung allein Mahlgut dem Mahlraum entnommen werden, ohne daß dieses durch den Siebmantel hindurchtreten muß. Je nach Größe des mit Hilfe des Schiebers und/oder der Klappe stufenlos einstellbaren Öffnungsquerschnittes in dem Siebmantel kann dadurch die Korngröße gesteuert werden. Je größer der vom Schieber und/oder der Klappe freigegebene Öffnungsquerschnitt des Siebmantels ist, um so größer ist auch die Körnung des der Korngrößen-Trennvorrichtung zugeführten Mahlgutes. Sind dagegen sowohl der Schieber als auch die Klappe geschlossen, wird das herkömmliche Mahlverfahren ausgeführt, bei dem allein das durch den Siebmantel hindurchgetretene Mahlgut der Korngrößen-Trennvorrichtung zugeführt wird. Bei diesem herkömmlichen Mahlverfahren ist dann aber mehr Antriebsenergie aufzubringen als bei dem mit der Erfindung angegebenen Mahlverfahren.With the aid of the slide provided in the sieve jacket, in addition to the extraction device connected to the discharge line or with the extraction device closed by means of the flap, ground material alone can be removed from the grinding chamber without this having to pass through the sieve jacket. Depending on the size of the opening cross-section which can be infinitely adjusted with the aid of the slide and / or the flap, the grain size can thereby be controlled. The larger the opening cross-section of the sieve jacket released by the slide and / or the flap, the greater the grain size of the ground material fed to the grain size separating device. If, on the other hand, both the slide and the flap are closed, the conventional grinding process is carried out, in which only the ground material which has passed through the sieve casing is fed to the grain size separating device. In this conventional grinding process, however, more drive energy is then to be applied than in the grinding process specified by the invention.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden anhand der Zeichnung erläutert. Im einzelnen zeigt :

  • Figur 1 schematisch einen Vertikalschnitt eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels einer Prallmahl-Anlage zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,
  • Figur 2 schematisch einen Vertikalschnitt eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels der Prallmahl-Anlage,
  • Figuren 3 und 4 schematisch einen Vertikalschnitt ähnlich der Fig. 1 und 2 eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels der Prallmahl-Anlage sowie einen weiteren Vertikalschnitt längs der Linie IV-IV in Fig. 3, und
  • Figur 5 schematisch einen Vertikalschnitt eines anderen Ausführungsbeispiels der Prallmahl-Anlage zur Erläuterung eines modifizierten Prallmahl-Verfahrens.
Embodiments of the invention are explained with reference to the drawing. In detail shows:
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a vertical section of a first exemplary embodiment of an impact grinding plant for carrying out the method according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a vertical section of a second exemplary embodiment of the impact grinding plant,
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 schematically show a vertical section similar to FIGS. 1 and 2 of a further exemplary embodiment of the impact grinding system and a further vertical section along the line IV-IV in FIG. 3, and
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows a vertical section of another exemplary embodiment of the impact grinding system to explain a modified impact grinding method.

Die Prall-, Schleuder- oder Hammermühle 1 mit dem Fertiggut-Sammelraum 11 innerhalb eines Gehäuses 12 besitzt einen Mühlen-Auslauf 13. der in eine pneumatische Förderstrecke 14 mündet, als Austragvorrichtung.The impact, centrifugal or hammer mill 1 with the finished goods collecting space 11 within a housing 12 has a mill outlet 13 which opens into a pneumatic conveying path 14 as a discharge device.

An einen Rohgut-Aufschüttrichter oder Speisebehälter 21 schließt die Speisevorrichtung 2 an. Diese umfaßt eine schwingende Förderrinne 22 und einen daran anschließenden Speise-Schacht 23.The feed device 2 connects to a raw material hopper or feed container 21. This comprises a vibrating conveyor trough 22 and an adjoining feed shaft 23.

Der Speise-Schacht 23 ist mit der eigentlichen Mahleinheit 3 der Prallmühle 1 verbunden. Ein Mahlrotor 31 mit Prallwerkzeugen oder Mahlhämmern 32 ist radial von einem Siebmantel 33 umgeben und innerhalb des Fertiggut-Sammelraumes 11 drehbar angeordnet und von einem hier nicht gezeigten Antriebsmotor in bekannter Weise angetrieben. Innerhalb des Siebmantels 33 ist im Bereich der Prallwerkzeuge 32 ein Mahlraum 34 gebildet, in den hinein der Speise-Schacht 23 mündet.The feed shaft 23 is connected to the actual grinding unit 3 of the impact mill 1. A grinding rotor 31 with impact tools or grinding hammers 32 is radially surrounded by a screen jacket 33 and rotatably arranged within the finished product collecting space 11 and driven in a known manner by a drive motor, not shown here. A grinding chamber 34 is formed within the screen jacket 33 in the region of the impact tools 32, into which the feed shaft 23 opens.

Eine Korngrößen-Trennvorrichtung 4 besteht aus einem Siebgehäuse 41 mit einem Schwingantrieb 42 und einer schwingfähigen Lagerung 43. Im Siebgehäuse 41 ist ein der gewünschten Korngrößentrennung angepaßtes Siebgitter oder -gewebe 44 vorgesehen. Am Ende des Siebgitters ist ein Abstoß-Uberlauf als ein erster Auslaß 45 in den Speise-Schacht 23 der Speise-Vorrichtung 2 und ein Fertiggut-Auslauf als ein zweiter Auslaß 46 mit anschließendem Leitblech 47 aus dem Siebgehäuse 41 in den Sammelraum 11 vorgesehen.A grain size separating device 4 consists of a sieve housing 41 with an oscillating drive 42 and an oscillatable bearing 43. A sieve grating or mesh 44 adapted to the desired grain size separation is provided in the sieve housing 41. At the end of the screen grille there is a repulsion overflow as a first outlet 45 in the feed shaft 23 of the feed device 2 and a finished product outlet as a second outlet 46 with a subsequent guide plate 47 from the sieve housing 41 into the collecting space 11.

Die schwingende Förderrinne 22 ist mit dem Siebgehäuse 41 und damit dem gemeinsamen Schwingantrieb 42 verbunden. In Umlaufrichtung der Prallwerkzeuge vor der Mündung des SpeiseSchachtes 23 in den Mahlraum 34 ist eine Abzugsvorrichtung 51 aus dem Mahlraum 34 in eine anschließende Ab- oder Rückführleitung 52 im Siebmantel 33 angeordnet. Die Rückführleitung mündet in einen Zyklonabscheider 53, der durch eine Luftschleuse, insbesondere eine Zellenradschleuse 55 mit der Korngrößen-Trennvorrichtung 4 verbunden ist. Ein Luftauslaß 54 des Zyklonabscheiders 53 und die Förderstrecke 14 können in bekannter Weise als pneumatische Förder- und Aspirations-Systeme mit Gebläsen und Abscheidern ausgebildet sein. Andererseits kann der zur pneumatischen Rückführung über die Rückführleitung 52 erforderliche Luftdruck auch durch den Mahlrotor 31 bzw. ein mit ihm verbundenes oder an ihm ausgebildetes Gebläserad erzeugt werden.The vibrating conveyor trough 22 is connected to the screen housing 41 and thus to the common vibratory drive 42. In the direction of rotation of the impact tools before the mouth of the feed shaft 23 into the grinding chamber 34, a withdrawal device 51 from the grinding chamber 34 is arranged in a subsequent discharge or return line 52 in the screen jacket 33. The return line opens into a cyclone separator 53, which is connected to the grain size separating device 4 by an air lock, in particular a cellular wheel lock 55. An air outlet 54 of the cyclone separator 53 and the conveying section 14 can be designed in a known manner as pneumatic conveying and aspiration systems with fans and separators. On the other hand, the air pressure required for the pneumatic return via the return line 52 can also be generated by the grinding rotor 31 or an impeller connected to it or formed on it.

Das Rohgut gelangt aus dem Speisebehälter 21 über die schwingende Förderrinne 22 dosiert in den Mahlräum 34, wo es von den umlaufenden Prallwerkzeugen 32 erfaßt und längs des Siebmantels 33 bis zur Abzugsvorrichtung 51 einer ersten Mahlphase unterworfen wird. Dabei tritt Fertiggut durch den entsprechend strukturierten Siebmantel 33 in den diesen umgebenden Sammelraum 11, von wo es in die Austragvorrichtung 13, 14 gelangt.The raw material doses from the feed container 21 via the vibrating conveyor trough 22 into the grinding chamber 34, where it is gripped by the rotating impact tools 32 and is subjected to a first grinding phase along the screen jacket 33 to the extraction device 51. Finished material thereby passes through the appropriately structured screen jacket 33 into the collecting space 11 surrounding it, from where it reaches the discharge device 13, 14.

Das bis zur Abzugsvorrichtung 51 im Mahlraum 34 verbleibende Mahlgut gelangt als Rückführgut aus der Prallmahlung in die Rückführleitung 52 und in dieser durch pneumatische Förderung in den Zyklonabscheider 53 und aus diesem durch die Luftschleuse 55 in die Korngrößen-Trennvorrichtung 4. Auf dem Siebgewebe, das dem vorbestimmten Körnungsband für das Fertiggut angepaßt ist, wird das Rückführgut in hindurchfallendes Fertiggut und einen Übergutanteil als Abstoß getrennt. Während das hindurchgefallene Fertiggut durch den Fertiggut-Auslauf 46 zu dem Fertiggut aus der Prallmahl-Phase im Sammelraum 11 gelangt, fließt das Übergut vom Abstoß-Überlauf 45 in die Speisevorrichtung 2 und aus dieser zusammen mit frischem Rohgut in den Mahlraum 34 für eine durch die Mündung des Speise-Schachts 23 und die Abzugsvorrichtung 51 längs des Siebmantels 33 begrenzte Prallmahl- Phase. Somit erfolgt jede Nachspeisung für jede PraIIrnahl-Phase durch ein Gemisch von Rohgut aus dem Speisebehälter 21 und von Übergut aus der Korngrößen-Trennvorrichtung 4.The regrind remaining in the grinding chamber 34 up to the take-off device 51 arrives as return material from the impact grinding into the return line 52 and in this by pneumatic conveying into the cyclone separator 53 and out of this through the air lock 55 into the grain size separating device 4 predefined grain size band is adapted for the finished goods, the return material is separated into falling through finished goods and a surplus share as a rejection. While the finished product that has fallen through passes through the finished product outlet 46 to the finished product from the impact grinding phase in the collecting space 11, the excess material flows from the repelling overflow 45 into the feed device 2 and from there together with fresh raw material into the grinding chamber 34 for one through Mouth of the feed shaft 23 and the extraction device 51 along the screen jacket 33 limited impact grinding phase. Thus, each make-up for each prilling phase takes place through a mixture of raw material from the feed container 21 and excess material from the grain size separating device 4.

Durch dieses Prallmahl-Verfahren in einer solchen Prallmahl-Anlage wird erreicht, daß während der Prallmahl-Phase erzeugtes Fertiggut zu einem guten Teil durch den Siebmantel ausgetragen wird, daß der restliche, durch Rückführ: gut im Mahlraum verschleppte Fertiggut-Anteil einer Korngrößen-Trennung unterworfen und damit von ungenügen zerkleinertem Übergut getrennt wird, so daß nur noch eine geringe Menge an Übergut einer weiteren Prallmahl-Phase zugeführt wird. Dadurch wird der Wirkungsgrad dank wesentlicher Entlastung von Fertiggut in den Prallmahl-Phasen verbessert und der Leistungsbedarf verringert, sowie auch der Siebflächenbedarf bzw. die Größe der Korngrößen-Trennvorrichtung vermindert.This impact grinding process in such an impact grinding system ensures that a good part of the finished product produced during the impact grinding phase is discharged through the screen jacket, and that the remaining finished product portion of a grain size separation which is carried over well in the grinding chamber subjected and thus separated from insufficiently comminuted oversize material, so that only a small amount of oversize material is fed to a further impact milling phase. As a result, the efficiency is improved thanks to the substantial relief of the finished product in the impact grinding phases and the power requirement is reduced, as is the screen area requirement and the size of the grain size separating device.

Das in Fig. 2 der Zeichnung gezeigte Ausführungsbeispiel der Prallmahl-Anlage arbeitet in ähnlicher Weise wie das in Fig. 1 gezeigte Ausführungsbeispiel, wobei ein weiterer Zyklonabscheider 58 dargestellt ist, der mit der Förderstrecke 14 verbunden ist, um das durch diese ausgetragene Fertiggut von der es fördernden Luft zu trennen, wobei der Zyklonabscheider 58 in bekannter Weise mit einem Sauggebläse 59 verbunden ist, das von einem Motor 60 angetrieben ist. Unterhalb des Zyklonabscheiders 58 ist eine Zellenradschleuse 61 vorgesehen, die als Luftschleuse dient, um die Wirkung des Sauggebläses 59 auf die Förderstrecke 14 bzw. den Sammelraum 11 zu verbessern.The embodiment of the impact grinding system shown in FIG. 2 of the drawing works in a similar manner to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a further cyclone separator 58 being shown, which is connected to the conveying path 14 in order to remove the finished product discharged by it separating it conveying air, the cyclone separator 58 is connected in a known manner to a suction fan 59 which is driven by a motor 60. A cellular wheel sluice 61 is provided below the cyclone separator 58 and serves as an air sluice in order to improve the effect of the suction blower 59 on the conveying path 14 or the collecting space 11.

Wie gestrichelt angedeutet ist, kann der Luftauslaß 54 des Zyklonabscheiders 53 ebenfalls mit dem Sauggebläse 59 verbunden sein, um die Förderung des Rückführgutes in der Rückführleitung 52 zu unterstützen.As indicated by dashed lines, the air outlet 54 of the cyclone separator 53 can also be connected to the suction fan 59 in order to support the conveying of the material to be returned in the return line 52.

Bei dem in Fig. 2 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel der Prallmahl-Anlage ist der Abstoß-Überlauf 45 der Korngrößen-Trennvorrichtung 4 mit dem Mahlraum 34 getrennt von dem Speise- schacht 23 verbunden. In dieser getrennten Verbindung ist zwischen dem Abstoß-Überlauf 45 und dem Mahlraum 34 eine vorzugsweise ebenfalls als Zellenradschleuse ausgebildete Luftschleuse 56 angeordnet, die den oberhalb des Siebgitters 44 ausgebildeten Raum der Korngrößen-Trennvorrichtung 4 pneumatisch gegenüber dem Mahlraum 34 entkoppelt.In the embodiment of the impact grinding system shown in FIG. 2, the repulsion overflow 45 of the grain size separating device 4 is connected to the grinding chamber 34 separately from the feed shaft 23. In this separate connection between the repelling overflow 45 and the grinding chamber 34 there is an airlock 56, which is preferably also a cellular wheel sluice and which pneumatically decouples the space of the grain size separating device 4 above the sieve grating 44 from the grinding chamber 34.

Eine weitere, vorzugsweise ebenfalls als Zellenradschleuse ausgebildete Luftschleuse 57 ist auch zwischen dem Fertiggut-Auslauf 46 der Korngrößen-Trennvorrichtung 4 und dem Sammelraum 11 vorgesehen, um diesen gegenüber dem unterhalb des Siebgitters 44 ausgebildeten Raum der Korngrößen-Trennvorrichtung 4 pneumatisch zu entkoppeln.A further air lock 57, which is preferably also a cellular wheel lock, is also provided between the finished product outlet 46 of the grain size separating device 4 and the collecting space 11 in order to pneumatically decouple it from the space of the grain size separating device 4 formed below the screen grid 44.

Der in-dem Sammelraum 11 mit Hilfe des Sauggebläses 59 erzeugte Unterdruck, der zu einem Ansaugen von Luft durch den Siebmantel 33 und den Speise-Schacht 23 hindurchführt, kann sich daher nicht in den Raum unterhalb des Siebgitters 44 fortsetzen. Ein solcher Unterdruck im unterhalb des Siebgitters 44 gebildeten Raum der Korngrößen-Trennvorrichtung könnte nämlich die Korngrößen-Trennung nachteilig beeinträchtigen, wenn eine Luftströmung von dem oberhalb des Siebgitters 44 gebildeten Raum zu dem unterhalb des Siebgitters gebildeten Raum bewirkt würde, die zu einem Verstopfen der Öffnungen des Siebgitters durch das Übergut führen würde. Um dieses sicher zu verhindern, wird die Korngrößen-Trennvorrichtung 4 sowohl gegenüber dem Mahlraum 34 als auch gegenüber dem Sammelraum 11 pneumatisch entkoppelt bzw. abgetrennt.The negative pressure generated in the collecting space 11 with the aid of the suction blower 59, which leads to a suction of air through the sieve jacket 33 and the feed shaft 23, cannot therefore continue into the space below the sieve grille 44. Such a vacuum in the space of the grain size separating device formed below the screen 44 could adversely affect the grain size separation if an air flow from the space formed above the screen 44 to the space formed below the screen would cause the openings to become blocked of the screen grid would lead through the excess material. To prevent this from happening, the Grain size separating device 4 is pneumatically decoupled or separated both from the grinding chamber 34 and from the collecting chamber 11.

Vom Mahlraum 34 zum Sammelraum 11 findet dagegen eine Luftströmung durch den Siebmantel 33 hindurch statt, die das Hindurchtreten des Fertiggutes durch den Siebmantel infolge eines Verstopfens der Öffnungen des Siebmantels nicht beeinträchtigen kann, da durch die umlaufenden Prallwerkzeuge 32 das Mahlgut an der Innenmantelfläche des Siebmantels 33 immer in Bewegung gehalten wird.On the other hand, from the grinding chamber 34 to the collecting chamber 11 there is an air flow through the sieve jacket 33, which cannot impair the passage of the finished product through the sieve jacket as a result of the openings of the sieve jacket clogging, since the grinding material on the inner jacket surface of the sieve jacket 33 is caused by the surrounding impact tools 32 is always kept in motion.

Bei dem in den Fig. 3 und 4 gezeigten weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel der Prallmahl-Anlage ist der Mahlrotor 31 als Gebläserad ausgebildet bzw. mit einem Gebläserad vereinigt, das bei dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel durch Gebläseradflügel 61 angedeutet ist. Auch bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel sind der Abstoß-Überlauf 45 und der Fertiggut-Auslauf 46 gegenüber dem Mahlraum 34 und dem Sammelraum 11 mit Hilfe von Luftschleusen 56 und 57 jeweils pneumatisch entkoppelt.In the further exemplary embodiment of the impact grinding system shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the grinding rotor 31 is designed as an impeller or is combined with an impeller, which is indicated in the exemplary embodiment shown by impeller blades 61. In this exemplary embodiment, too, the repulsion overflow 45 and the finished product outlet 46 are pneumatically decoupled from the grinding chamber 34 and the collecting chamber 11 with the aid of air locks 56 and 57.

Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel findet die Einspeisung des Rohgutes und auch des von dem Abstoß-Uberlauf 45 abgegebenen Übergutes zentrisch von der Stirnseite des Siebmantels her statt, wie dieses insbesondere aus Fig. 4 deutlich zu erkennen ist. Bei dieser Ausführungsform kann die wirksame Länge des Siebmantels 33 vergrößert werden, da er lediglich durch die Abzugsvorrichtung 51 unterbrochen wird.In this exemplary embodiment, the feed of the raw material and also of the excess material discharged from the repulsion overflow 45 takes place centrally from the front side of the screen jacket, as can be clearly seen in particular from FIG. 4. In this embodiment, the effective length of the screen jacket 33 can be increased since it is only interrupted by the trigger device 51.

Die Arbeitsweise dieses Ausführungsbeispiels unterscheidet sich von der des in Fig. 2 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiels lediglich dadurch, daß ein gesondertes Sauggebläse 59 nicht erforderlich ist, da der für die Rückführung des von der Abzugsvorrichtung 51 aus dem Mahlvorgang entfernten Mahlgutes und auch der zum Austragen des in dem Sammelraum 11 gesammelten Fertiggutes erforderliche Luftdruck bzw. eine erforderliche Luftströmung durch den als Gebläserad ausgebildeten Mahlrotor 31 selbst erzeugt wird.The operation of this embodiment differs from that of the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 only in that a separate suction fan 59 is not required, since the material removed from the extraction device 51 from the grinding process for the return and also for discharging the in the Collection space 11 collected finished goods required air pressure or a required air flow is generated by the grinding rotor 31 designed as an impeller itself.

Die übrige Arbeitsweise entspricht der der in den Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiele.The remaining mode of operation corresponds to that of the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

Ein anderes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand der Fig. 5 erläutert, in der gleiche bzw. mit einem Strich versehene Bezugszeichen gleiche oder entsprechende Bauteile wie bei den bisherigen Ausführungsbeispielen bezeichnen. Aus einem Speisebehälter 21 wird das zu mahlende Korn über einen Speiseschacht 23 einer Dosierschnecke 22' zugeführt, dann an eine Speisevorrichtung 2 gegeben, die das Korn in einen innerhalb eines Siebmantels 33 ausgebildeten Mahlraum 34 einspeist. Innerhalb des Siebmantels 33 laufen Prallwerkzeuge 32 um, wobei deren Drehrichtung wahlweise im oder gegen den Uhrzeigersinn gewählt werden kann. Beiderseits der Einspeiseöffnung in den Siebmantel 33 sind Abzugsvorrichtungen 51' und 51" vorgesehen, die durch Klappen 68 und 68' wahlweise zu verschließen sind, so daß jeweils höchstens eine der Abzugsvorrichtungen geöffnet und damit wirksam ist, um Mahlgut aus dem Mahlraum 34'abziehen zu können. Am unteren Teil des Siebmantels 33 ist eine von einem Schieber 67 verschließbare Öffnung vorgestehen, über .die ebenfalls Mahlgut aus dem Mahlraum 34 ''-entnommen werden kann. Sowohl die Abzugsvorrichtungen 51' und 51" als auch die mit dem Schieber 67 verschließbare Öffnung münden in einen den Siebmantel 33 umgebenden Raum 11, in den auch das durch den Siebmantel hindurchtretende Mahlgut gelangt. Der Raum 11 ist mit einer Austragsschnecke 62 verbunden, die das in den Raum 11 gelangende Mahlgut an einen dritten Auslaß 63 fördert von dem das Mahlgut über eine Luftschleuse 55' an einen Becher-Elevator 52' gegeben wird, der die Rückführleitung für das Mahlgut bildet.Another exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained with reference to FIG. 5, in which the same or with reference numerals denote the same or corresponding components as in the previous exemplary embodiments. The grain to be ground is fed from a feed container 21 via a feed shaft 23 to a metering screw 22 ′, then fed to a feed device 2, which feeds the grain into a grinding chamber 34 formed within a sieve jacket 33. Impact tools 32 circulate within the screen jacket 33, and their direction of rotation can be selected either clockwise or counterclockwise. Extraction devices 51 'and 51 "are provided on both sides of the feed opening in the sieve jacket 33, which can be optionally closed by flaps 68 and 68', so that at most one of the extraction devices is open and thus effective to pull off regrind from the grinding chamber 34 ' At the lower part of the sieve jacket 33 there is an opening which can be closed by a slide 67 and through which also ground material can be removed from the grinding chamber 34 ". Both the extraction devices 51 'and 51" and the one which can be closed with the slide 67 The opening opens into a space 11 surrounding the screen jacket 33, into which the ground material passing through the screen jacket also reaches. The space 11 is connected to a discharge screw 62 which conveys the regrind entering the space 11 to a third outlet 63, from which the regrind is passed via an airlock 55 'to a bucket elevator 52' which forms the return line for the regrind .

Der Becher-Elevator 52' fördert das Mahlgut an eine Korngrößen-Trennvorrichtung 4, die im wesentlichen aus einem Siebgitter 44 besteht, wobei diese Korngrößen-Trennvorrichtung 4 in der gleichen Weise ausgebildet sein kann, wie dieses im Hauptpatent näher erläutert ist. Die Korngrößen-Trennvorrichtung hat einen ersten Auslaß 45 für das durch das Siebgitter44 nicht hindurchtretende Übergut und einen zweiten Auslaß 46 für das durch das Siebgitter hindurchgetretene Fertiggut, dessen Korngröße damit in dem vorbestimmten Körnungsband liegt. Der erste Auslaß 45 ist mit der Dosierschnecke 22' verbunden. damit das Übergut von der Dosierschnecke an die Speisevorrichtung 2 gegeben wird. Der zweite Auslaß 46 ist dagegen mit einer hier nur schematisch dargestellten Austragvorrichtung 14' verbunden, die das Fertiggut abfördert.The bucket elevator 52 'conveys the regrind to a grain size separating device 4, which essentially consists of a sieve grid 44, whereby this grain size separating device 4 can be designed in the same way as is explained in more detail in the main patent. The grain size separating device has a first outlet 45 for the oversize material which does not pass through the sieve grid 44 and a second outlet 46 for the finished material which has passed through the sieve grid and whose grain size is thus within the predetermined grain size range. The first outlet 45 is connected to the metering screw 22 '. so that the excess material is fed from the dosing screw to the feed device 2. The second outlet 46, on the other hand, is connected to a discharge device 14 ′, which is shown only schematically here, and which conveys the finished product.

Der Raum 11 und das die Austragschnecke 62 aufweisende Gehäuse sind über ein Filter 64 mit einem Ventilator 65 verbunden, der von einem Motor 66 angetrieben wird. Der Ventilator 65 entzieht dem Raum 11 bzw. der gesamten Mahlanordnung Luft, die über einen an der Speise- vorrichtung 2 vorgesehenen seitlichen Lufteinlaß der Mahlanordnung zugeleitet wird.The space 11 and the housing having the discharge screw 62 are connected via a filter 64 to a fan 65 which is driven by a motor 66. The fan 65 extracts air from the space 11 or the entire grinding arrangement, which air is fed to the grinding arrangement via a side air inlet provided on the feed device 2.

Obwohl dieses hier nicht dargestellt ist, kann die Speisevorrichtung 2 anstelle einer peripheren Einspeisung des Mahlgutes in den Mahlraum auch eine zentrale Einspeisung in Richtung der Drehachse des die Prallwerkzeuge 32 tragenden Rotors ausführen, wie dieses in Fig. 3 des Hauptpatentes im einzelnen gezeigt ist.Although this is not shown here, the feed device 2 can also perform a central feed in the direction of the axis of rotation of the rotor carrying the impact tools 32 instead of peripheral feeding of the ground material, as is shown in detail in FIG. 3 of the main patent.

Wenn das energiesparende Mahlverfahren ausgeführt werden soll, ist je nach Drehrichtung des die Prallwerkzeuge 32 tragenden Rotors eine der Klappen 68 und 68' geöffnet, während die jeweils andere geschlossen ist, so daß über eine der Abzugsvorrichtungen 51' oder 51" Mahlgut, das nicht durch den Siebmantel 33 hindurchgetreten ist, dem Mahlraum 34 entzogen wird, um in den Raum 11 geleitet zu werden. Dieses aus dem Mahlraum abgezogene Mahlgut gelangt zusammen mit dem durch den Siebmantel 33 hindurchgetretenen Mahlgut über den Raum 11 an die Austragschnecke 62 und über den dritten Auslaß 63 sowie die Luftschleuse 55' an den Becher-Elevator 52', der dieses Mahlgut an die Korngrößen-Trennvorrichtung 4 gibt. In der Korngrößen-Trennvorrichtung 4 findet mit Hilfe des Siebgitters 44 die Korngrößen-Trennung in Fertiggut und Übergut statt, wobei das Fertiggut eine in dem bestimmten Körnungsband liegende Korngröße hat. Das Fertiggut wird über den zweiten Auslaß 46 an die Austragvorrichtung 14' gegeben. Das nicht durch das Siebgitter 44 hindurchtretende Übergut gelangt dagegen über den ersten Auslaß 45 an die Dosierschnecke 22', die lastabhängig regelbar ist. Dieses Übergut wird zusammen mit vom Speisebehälter 21 über den Speiseschacht 23 abgegebenem frischen Korn an die Speisevorrichtung 2 gegeben, über die das Übergut erneut in den Mahlraum 34 gegeben wird.If the energy-saving grinding process is to be carried out, depending on the direction of rotation of the rotor carrying the impact tools 32, one of the flaps 68 and 68 'is open, while the other is closed, so that one of the extraction devices 51' or 51 "grist does not pass through the sieve jacket 33 has passed through, is withdrawn from the grinding chamber 34 in order to be passed into the room 11. This ground material withdrawn from the grinding chamber together with the grinding material which has passed through the sieve jacket 33 reaches the chamber 11 via the chamber 11 Discharge screw 62 and via the third outlet 63 and the airlock 55 'to the bucket elevator 52', which passes this regrind to the grain size separator 4. In the grain size separating device 4, the grain size separation into finished goods and oversize takes place with the aid of the screen grid 44, the finished goods having a grain size lying in the specific grain size range. The finished product is fed to the discharge device 14 'via the second outlet 46. The oversize material that does not pass through the screen grid 44, on the other hand, reaches the metering screw 22 ′ via the first outlet 45, which can be regulated depending on the load. This excess material is passed together with fresh grain discharged from the feed container 21 via the feed shaft 23 to the feed device 2, via which the excess material is again fed into the grinding chamber 34.

Wird bei diesem Verfahren der Schieber 67 teilweise oder ganz geöffnet, so wird zusätzlich zu dem aus dem Mahlraum 34 über die Abzugsvorrichtung 51' bzw. 51" abgezogenen Mahlgut dem Mahlraum 34 Mahlgut entnommen, wodurch die Korngröße des der Korngrößen-Trennvorrichtung 4 zugeführten Mahlgutes bestimmt werden kann. Je größer die von dem Schieber 67 freigegebene Öffnung in dem Siebmantel 33 ist, um so größer ist auch die Korngröße des an die Korngrößen-Trennvorrichtung 4 zurückgegebenen Mahlgutes. Wenn eine relativ große Korngröße erwünscht ist, kann der Schieber 67 auch vollständig geöffnet werden. In diesem Falle können dann auch beide Klappen 68 und 68' geschlossen werden, da dann das aus dem Mahlraum abzuziehende Mahlgut, das nicht durch den Siebmantel 33 hindurchgetreten ist, allein durch die vom Schieber 67 freigegebene Öffnung entnommen werden kann.If the slide 67 is partially or completely opened in this process, in addition to the regrind removed from the grinding chamber 34 via the extraction device 51 ′ or 51 ″, regrind is removed from the grinding chamber 34, as a result of which the grain size of the grinding stock fed to the grain size separating device 4 is determined The larger the opening in the screen jacket 33 which is cleared by the slide 67, the larger the grain size of the ground material returned to the grain size separating device 4. If a relatively large grain size is desired, the slide 67 can also be fully opened In this case, both flaps 68 and 68 'can then be closed, since the regrind to be removed from the grinding chamber and which has not passed through the screen jacket 33 can then be removed only through the opening opened by the slide 67.

An dieser Stelle ist darauf hinzuweisen, daß die örtlichen Anordnungen der Abzugsvorrichtungen 51' und 51" und auch die der vom Schieber 67 verschließbaren Öffnung in bezug auf den Siebmantel 33 nicht auf die in der Zeichnung gezeigten Orte beschränkt sind, sondern längs des Mahlweges auch an anderen Orten vorgesehen sein können.At this point it should be noted that the local arrangements of the extraction devices 51 'and 51 "and also that of the opening which can be closed by the slide 67 with respect to the screen jacket 33 are not limited to the locations shown in the drawing, but also along the grinding path other places can be provided.

Sind beide Klappen 68 und 68' und auch der Schieber 67 geschlossen, so wird der Mahlphase nur das Mahlgut entzogen, das durch den Siebmantel 33 hindurchtritt, so daß dann das herkömmliche Mahlverfahren ausgeführt wird, das jedoch sehr viel mehr Antriebsenergie erfordert, als das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und durch die Möglichkeit eines mehrmaligen Umlaufens des. Mahlgutes in dem Mahlraum einen relativ großen Anteil an sehr feinem Fertiggut erzeugt, dessen Körnungsgröße unterhalb des bestimmten Körnungsbandes liegt.If both flaps 68 and 68 'and also the slide 67 are closed, only the regrind is withdrawn from the grinding phase, which passes through the screen jacket 33, so that the conventional grinding process is then carried out, which, however, requires much more drive energy than the one according to the invention The method and the possibility of repeated circulation of the ground material produces a relatively large proportion of very fine finished material in the grinding chamber, the grain size of which lies below the specific grain size range.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bzw. die erfindungsgemäße Anlage stellen durch das Zuführen des gesamten der Mahlphase entnommenen Mahlgutes zu der Korngrößen-Trennvorrichtung sicher, daß auch das durch den Siebmantel 33 hindurchgetretene Mahlgut nochmals einer Prüfung auf richtige Korngröße unterzogen wird. Damit ist auch bei einem vollautomatischen Betrieb einer solchen Prallmahl-Anlage, bei dem also kein Bedienungspersonal das Prallmahl-Anlage, bei dem also kein Bedienungspersonal daß das Fertiggut eine in dem jeweils bestimmten Körnungsband liegende Korngröße exakt einhält.The method according to the invention and the system according to the invention ensure, by supplying all of the ground material removed from the grinding phase to the grain size separating device, that the ground material which has passed through the sieve jacket 33 is again subjected to a test for correct grain size. This means that even in the case of fully automatic operation of such an impact grinding system, in which no operating personnel are involved, the impact grinding system, and therefore no operating personnel, that the finished product exactly complies with a grain size lying in the particular grain size range.

Obwohl hier als Fördervorrichtungen eine Dosierschnecke 22', eine Austragsschnecke 62 und ein Becher-Elevator 52' angegeben und in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellt wurden, sind selbstverständlich auch andere Fördervorrichtungen, wie Transportbänder oder dgl. anwendbar, was sich im einzelnen jeweils nach der Länge der zu überbrückenden Förderstrecke richten wird.Although a dosing screw 22 ', a discharge screw 62 and a bucket elevator 52' have been specified and shown schematically in the drawing as the conveying devices, other conveying devices such as conveyor belts or the like can of course also be used, which in each case depend on the length of the conveyor belt to be bridged conveyor line.

Die in Verbindung mit dem Schieber 67 erläuterte Steuerung der Korngröße ist selbstverständlich auch durch stufenlose Einstellung des Öffnungsquerschnittes der von den Klappen 68 bzw. 68' zu verschließenden Öffnungen zusätzlich oder ersatzweise vorzunehmen.The control of the grain size explained in connection with the slide 67 can of course also be carried out additionally or alternatively by continuously adjusting the opening cross section of the openings to be closed by the flaps 68 or 68 '.

Claims (24)

1. Method for impact crushing granular raw materials to a finished material within a narrow predetermined band of granulation, wherein prior to completion of one impact crushing phase along a screening jacket (33) which extends substantially over the entire crushing path from the infeed to the screening jacket (33), at least a part of the portion of the material to be crushed which has not passed through the screening jacket (33) is removed from the impact crushing characterised in that the returned portion of the material to be crushed which consists of over- sized material and fine material, is fed to granulation size separation (4) within the range of the predetermined granulation band, and the portion of oversized material of coarser granulation size arising therefrom is returned to the impact crushing as reject material, while the material to be crushed of lesser granulation size which has passed through the screening jacket (33) and that which was separated by the granulation size separation (4) is conveyed onwards as finished material.
2. Impact crushing method according to claim 1, characterised in that the portion of the material to be crushed which does not pass through the screening jacket (33) is fed as pneumatically conveyed returned material to the granulation size separation (4).
3. Impact crushing method according to claim 1 or 2. characterised in that the granulation size separation (4) is carried out by screening.
4. Impact crushing method according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the air pressure required for the pneumatic conveyance is generated within the screening jacket (33).
5. Impact crushing method according to claims 3 and 4, characterised in that the space within the granulation size separation (4) which yields the portion of over-sized material is pneumatically isolated from the interior of the screening jacket (33) and/or the space within the granulation size separation (4) which yields the finished material is pneumatically isolated from the surroundings of the screening jacket (33).
6. Impact crushing method according to claim 1 to 5, characterised in that the raw material and the portion of over-sized material are fed at the jacket surface of the screening jacket (33) into the latter in a substantially radial direction.
7. Impact crushing method according to claim 1 to 6, characterised in that the raw material and the portion of over-sized material are fed at one end face of the screening jacket (33) into the latter in a substantially axial direction.
8. Impact crushing method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the portion of material to be crushed which has passed through the screening jacket (33) is also fed to the granulation size separation.
9. Impact crushing method according to claim 8, characterised in that the portion of material to be crushed which has passed through the screening jacket (33) together with the portion of material to be crushed which has been removed from the impact crushing, is also fed via a conveying device (52'), in particular a bucket elevator, to the granulation size separation (4).
10. Impact crushing method according to claim 8 or 9, characterised in that the portion of material to be crushed which has been removed from the impact crushing is withdrawn at different locations (68, 68') along the crushing path extending over an impact crushing phase.
11. Impact crushing method according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterised in that the portion of material to be crushed which is removed from the impact crushing is quantitatively measured.
12. Impact crushing apparatus for carrying out the impact crushing method according to one of claims 1 to 11 with, in the crushing space (34) within the screening jacket (33), revolving impact tools (32), a feed device (2) conveying the raw material into the crushing space (34), a delivery device (13, 14) outside the screening jacket (33) conveying away the finished material and an extractor device (51) for material to be crushed which has not passed through the screening jacket (33), which is located in the direction of rotation of the impact tools (32) and before the feed device (2) and is connected to a discharge line (52), characterised in that the discharge line (52) conveying over-sized material and fine material leads to a granulation size separation device (4), which has a first outlet (45) connected to the feed device (2) for the over-sized material portion. and a second outlet (46) connected to the delivery device (13, 14).
13. Impact crushing apparatus according to claim 12, characterised in that the granular size separation device (4) is constructed as an oscillating screening device (43. 44), the feed device (2) comprises an oscillating conveyor channel (22), the screening device and the conveyor channel are provided with common oscillating drive (42) and the first outlet (45) of the screening device and a third outlet of the conveyor channel are fed together.
14. Impact crushing apparatus according to claim 12 or 13, characterised in that the feed device (2) discharges centrally into the crushing space (34) with the impact tools (32) revolving therein.
15. Impact crushing apparatus according to claim 12 or 13, characterised in that the feed device (2) discharges radially through the screening jacket (33) into the crushing space (34).
16. Impact crushing apparatus according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterised in that the return line (52) is constructed as a pneumatic conveyor path leading from the crushing space (34) to the granular size separation device (4).
17. Impact crushing apparatus according to one of claims 12 to 16, characterised in that the delivery device for the finished material which has passed through the screening jacket (33) and/or which is separated in the granular size separation device (4) operates pneumatically.
18. Impact crushing apparatus according to claim 16 or 17, characterised in that the crushing rotor (31) carrying the impact tools (32) is constructed as or is provided with a blower rotor for generating the air pressure necessary for the pneumatic conveyance.
19. Impact crushing apparatus according to one of claims 16 to 18, characterised in that an air lock (56) providing pneumatic isolation is provided between the first outlet (45) and the crushing space (34).
20. Impact crushing apparatus according to one of claims 16 to 19, characterised in that an air lock (57) providing pneumatic isolation is provided between the second outlet (46) and the delivery device (13, 14).
21. Impact crushing apparatus according to one of claims 16 to 20, characterised in that the discharge line (52) discharges into a cyclone separator (53).
22. Impact crushing apparatus according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterised in that the space (11) accommodating the finished material which has passed through the screening jacket (33) is also connected to the discharge line (52') and in that the delivery device (14') is only connected to the second outlet (46).
23. Impact crushing apparatus according to claim 22, characterised in that the discharge line (52') comprises a conveyor device, in particular a bucket elevator, which is located between a third outlet (63) and the granulation size separation device (4), wherein it is possible to deliver to the third outlet the portion of material to be crushed which has passed through the screening jacket (33) as well as the portion of material to be crushed removed from the impact crushing.
24. Impact crushing apparatus according to claim 22 or 23, characterised in that the extractor device (51', 51") can be closed by a flap (68, 68') and in that a slider (67) is provided on the screening jacket (33), which slider opens or closes an aperture in the screening jacket which has a variable open cross-section.
EP81109859A 1980-12-08 1981-11-24 Method and arrangement for impact crushing Expired EP0053755B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81109859T ATE21049T1 (en) 1980-12-08 1981-11-24 IMPACT CRUSHING PROCESS AND PLANT.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3046173 1980-12-08
DE19803046173 DE3046173A1 (en) 1980-12-08 1980-12-08 Impact mill for fine grain grinding - has fine and coarse prod. separator, with coarse fraction recycling for repeated grinding
DE19813138259 DE3138259A1 (en) 1981-09-25 1981-09-25 Impact grinding method and system
DE3138259 1981-09-25

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EP0053755A2 EP0053755A2 (en) 1982-06-16
EP0053755A3 EP0053755A3 (en) 1984-05-02
EP0053755B1 true EP0053755B1 (en) 1986-07-30

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EP (1) EP0053755B1 (en)
CA (1) CA1172225A (en)
DK (1) DK151773C (en)
ES (1) ES507786A0 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0053755A2 (en) 1982-06-16
CA1172225A (en) 1984-08-07
US4586658A (en) 1986-05-06
ES8304809A1 (en) 1983-03-16
DK539581A (en) 1982-06-09
DK151773B (en) 1988-01-04
EP0053755A3 (en) 1984-05-02
ES507786A0 (en) 1983-03-16
DK151773C (en) 1988-07-25

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