JP4976650B2 - Crushing machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a crusher for crushing various wastes such as waste plastic, wood and paper, and more particularly to a structure that facilitates maintenance of such a crusher.

The conventional crusher is rotatable with a plurality of crushing blades that can be replaced with an outer peripheral surface inside a casing equipped with a crushing chamber that receives and stores various types of waste such as waste plastic, wood, and paper. Provided with a crushing means composed of a crushing rotor and a fixed blade arranged opposite to the crushing means, and provided with a number of holes through which the crushed material crushed by the crushing means and the fixed blade passes. The screen is spaced outside the crushing means on the side opposite to the crushing chamber. The screen is swingably mounted on the casing at one end edge, and is swung away from the crushing rotor when replacing the crushing blade of the crushing rotor, so that the operator can easily approach the crushing rotor. .
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-24286

However, with the screen opening mechanism as described above, the outer peripheral surface of the lower part of the crushing rotor is opened almost less than half, and only one operator can work in the front-rear direction when exchanging the crushing blade of the rotor. Since a large number of crushing blades are usually mounted on the rotor, it takes time to replace the crushing blades, and there is a concern that the operation time of the crusher may be shortened during busy periods. In addition, there is a limitation in increasing the peripheral length of the screen.
Therefore, the present invention solves the above-mentioned problem, and can inspect and replace a large number of crushing blades in a shorter time, increase the operating rate of the crusher, and correspond to the rotation direction of the crushing blade. It is an object of the present invention to provide a crusher that can increase the peripheral length of the screen and greatly increase the productivity by greatly increasing the number of pieces passing through the screen hole.

The present invention includes a crushing chamber for receiving a supply of a material to be crushed and a casing provided with a discharge unit for discharging a crushed piece. A crushing means composed of a crushing rotor driven by rotation, and a fixed blade disposed opposite to the crushing means are provided between the crushing chamber and the discharge portion, and the crushing means and the fixed blade A crusher in which a screen having a large number of holes through which the crushed material crushed by is passed through the outside of the crushing means on the side opposite to the crushing chamber,
The fixed blade is disposed in the approximate center of the crushing means on the side opposite to the crushing chamber;
The screen is bisected relative to the substantially central fixed blade;
Each of the divided screens is pivotally supported by the casing or the fixed blade at one end edge so as to open more than half of the outer peripheral surface of the crushing means, and fixed at the other end edge. It is characterized by being attached to the blade or the casing by attachment means.

  The crushing means comprises a single horizontal crushing rotor capable of reversible rotation, and the fixed blade can be replaced with a mounting beam fixed between the front and rear walls of the casing along the crushing rotor and the mounting beam. The center blade is mounted on the casing, and a pair of auxiliary fixed blades are mounted on the casing in the lower part of the crushing chamber.

  The crushing means is composed of two horizontal crushing rotors that are rotationally driven so as to bite from above to below, and the fixed blade is disposed between the two crushing rotors along the crushing rotors along the casing. It is comprised from the mounting beam fixed between the front-and-back walls of this, and the center blade mounted so that replacement | exchange is possible to this mounting beam.

One end edge of the binary screen protrudes outward from the lever, and a reciprocating cylinder that opens and closes the binary screen is connected to the lever and the casing via the lever.
The attachment means includes mechanical attachment means including a bolt and a screw hole into which the bolt is screwed.

  One end edge of the binary screen is swingably mounted on a support shaft mounted between the front and rear walls of the casing, and the other end edge is attached to the attachment means comprising a reciprocating cylinder that opens and closes the binary screen. Connected.

  One end edge of the binary screen is swingably mounted on a support shaft mounted between the front and rear walls of the casing, and the other end edge includes a bolt and a screw hole into which the bolt is screwed. It is attached to the fixed blade by mechanical attachment means.

  As an effect of the present invention, a plurality of crushing blades are arranged on the outer peripheral surface between a crushing chamber and a discharge unit inside a casing provided with a crushing chamber for receiving and supplying a material to be crushed and a discharge unit for discharging a crushed piece. A crushing means comprising a crushing rotor mounted in a replaceable manner and rotationally driven by a rotation driving means, and a fixed blade disposed opposite to the crushing means are provided, and a plurality of crushing means of the rotating crushing means are provided. The object to be crushed is continuously broken into pieces by the blade and the fixed blade. In addition, since a screen having a large number of holes through which the crushed material crushed by the crushing means and the fixed blade passes is provided outside the crushing means on the side opposite to the crushing chamber, the crushing blade The fragments that are crushed one after another by the fixed blade are sieved into one that passes through the screen hole by the screen and one that is repeatedly crushed by the crushed blade and the fixed blade without being able to pass through. The debris that has passed through the screen hole is discharged from the discharge portion. As a characteristic configuration of the present invention, the fixed blade is disposed at the substantially center of the crushing means on the side opposite to the crushing chamber, and reinforces the lower part in terms of structural strength and strengthens the support of the screen. In addition, particularly in the case of a single-shaft rotor, a substantially equivalent crushing effect is provided for the rotating crushing blade regardless of the rotation direction. The screen is bisected with respect to the substantially central fixed blade, and each of the bisected screens opens the casing or the casing at one edge so as to open more than half of the outer peripheral surface of the crushing rotor. Since it is pivotally supported by the fixed blade and is releasably attached to the fixed blade or the casing by the attachment means at the other edge, each screen divided in two when the crushing blade of the crushing means is replaced can be released. When it is opened by a simple attachment means, more than half of the outer peripheral surface of the crushing rotor is opened, and at least two workers can engage in crushing blade replacement work at least in the left-right direction at each bisection screen. It can be completed in time, and the availability of the crusher during busy hours can be increased. In addition, by dividing the screen into two sides on the fixed blade in the center, it is possible to increase the peripheral length of the screen corresponding to the direction of rotation of the crushing blade, and to greatly increase the number of fragments passing through the screen hole. The sex can be greatly improved.

  The crushing means is composed of a single horizontal crushing rotor capable of reversible rotation, and the fixed blade is mounted along the crushing rotor so as to be replaceable with the mounting beam fixed between the front and rear walls of the casing. When a pair of auxiliary fixed blades are mounted on the casing in the lower part of the crushing chamber, the object to be crushed supplied to the crushing chamber is a crushing blade of the crushing rotor and an auxiliary fixed blade. The fragments are further crushed by a central blade of the fixed blade to a size that can pass through many holes in the screen. Moreover, since there are a pair of auxiliary fixed blades on the left and right, it is possible to cope with both forward and reverse rotation directions. The mounting beam fixed between the front and rear walls of the casing provides strong support to the screen that receives force from the rotary crushing rotor through the debris.

  The crushing means is composed of two horizontal crushing rotors that are rotationally driven so as to bite from top to bottom, and the fixed blade is disposed between the two crushing rotors along the crushing rotors. If it is composed of a mounting beam fixed between the front and rear walls of the casing and a central blade mounted so as to be replaceable with the mounting beam, the supplied object to be crushed will be two It is efficiently crushed by the crushing blade of the crushing rotor and the central blade of the fixed blade. Therefore, in this case, the screen holes are relatively large.

  One end edge of the binary screen projects a lever outward, and a reciprocating cylinder that opens and closes the binary screen is connected to the lever and the casing via the lever, so that the binary screen is manually opened and closed. It is suitable for a relatively large crusher that is too heavy, and the screen can be easily opened and closed by a cylinder of reciprocating linear motion or reciprocating rotational motion. Further, the other edge portion of the binary screen is attached to the fixed blade by a mechanical locking means comprising a bolt and a screw hole into which the bolt is screwed, and the opening of the binary screen during operation is reliably prevented.

  One end edge of the binary screen is swingably mounted on a support shaft mounted between the front and rear walls of the casing, and the other end edge is attached to the attachment means comprising a reciprocating cylinder that opens and closes the binary screen. When connected, it is suitable for a relatively large crusher that is too heavy for the binary screen to open and close manually, and the binary screen can be easily opened and closed by the reciprocating cylinder. It is preferable to add a mechanical locking means that reliably prevents the opening of the binary screen during operation.

  One end edge of the binary screen is swingably mounted on a support shaft mounted between the front and rear walls of the casing, and the other end edge includes a bolt and a screw hole into which the bolt is screwed. When attached to the fixed blade by a mechanical attachment means, the binary screen is light enough to be opened and closed by human power, is suitable for a small crusher, and has a simple structure.

  1 to 7, in the crushers 1 and 2 of the present invention, inside the casings 11 and 21 provided with crushing chambers 12A and 22A and discharge parts 12B and 22B for receiving and storing the material to be crushed, A plurality of crushing blades 14 are exchangeably mounted on the outer peripheral surface, and crushing means including crushing rotors 13, 23 </ b> A, and 23 </ b> B that are rotationally driven by a rotary drive device 30, and a fixed blade 15 that is disposed to face the crushing means , 25 are provided, and the object to be crushed is continuously crushed into fragments by a plurality of crushing blades 14 and fixed blades 15, 25 of the crushing means that rotates. Further, screens 16 and 26 having a large number of holes through which the crushed material crushed by the crushing means and the fixed blade are passed are provided outside the crushing means on the side opposite to the crushing chambers 12 and 22. Pieces that are crushed one after another by the crushing blade 14 and the fixed blades 15 and 25 pass through the screen holes by the screens 16 and 26, and are broken by the crushing blade and the fixed blade repeatedly without being able to pass through. Sifted into Debris that has passed through the screen hole is discharged from the discharge portions 12B and 22B.

  The fixed blades 15 and 25 are arranged in the approximate center of the crushing means 13, 23 </ b> A and 23 </ b> B on the discharge side opposite to the crushing chambers 12 and 22, and reinforce the lower part of the crusher weak in structural strength and the screen 16. , 26 is also firmly supported. The screen is divided into two parts with respect to the substantially fixed blades 15 and 25, and each of the divided screens 16A, 16B, 26A and 26B has one edge so as to open more than half of the outer peripheral surface of the crushing means. It is pivotally supported by the casings 11 and 21 at the portion, and is attached to the fixed blades 14 and 24 at the other end by releasable means 19 and 29. Therefore, when each of the screens 16A, 16B, 26A, 26B divided into two when the crushing blade of the crushing means is replaced is opened by the releasable attachment means 19, 29, more than half of the outer peripheral surface of the crushing rotors 13, 23A, 23B. Is opened, and two workers can engage in the crushing blade replacement work at least in the left-right direction at each binary screen, and the replacement work can be completed in a shorter time. In addition, by dividing the screen into two sides on the fixed blade in the center, it is possible to increase the peripheral length of the screen corresponding to the direction of rotation of the crushing blade, and to greatly increase the number of fragments passing through the screen hole. The sex can be greatly improved.

  1 to 6, the crusher 1 according to the first embodiment is long in the front-rear direction including a crushing chamber 12 </ b> A that receives and stores a material to be crushed from above and a discharge unit 12 </ b> B that discharges crushed pieces downward. Inside the casing 11, between the crushing chamber 12 </ b> A and the discharge portion 12 </ b> B, a plurality of crushing blades 14 are mounted on the outer peripheral surface so as to be replaceable, and are rotated substantially in a reversible manner by a rotary drive device 30. The lower crushing rotor 13, the lower fixed blade 15 </ b> A and the upper sub fixed blade 15 </ b> B disposed to face the rotor 13 are provided. In addition, a large number of screens 16 having, for example, an 8 mm diameter circular hole for sieving the crushed material crushed by the rotary crushing rotor 13 and the fixed blade 15, make the crushing rotor 13 slightly slightly from the crushing chamber 12A to the discharge unit 12B. It is provided to cover at a distance. The fixed blade 15A is composed of a mounting beam 15a fixed between the front and rear walls W in the lower part of the casing 11 along the crushing rotor 13, and a central crushing blade 15c mounted on the mounting beam by a bolt 15b. The auxiliary fixed blade 15B is a pair of coarse crushing blades mounted on the lower portion of the crushing chamber 12 by bolts 15e so as to be replaced by a pair of mounting beams 15d fixed between the front and rear walls W of the casing 11. 15f. Therefore, the crusher 1 of Example 1 is configured as a crusher that crushes the object to be crushed with the sub-fixed blade 15B by the rotating crushing rotor 13 and crushes it to 8 mm or less with the fixed blade 15A. Both the central crushing blade 15 c and the pair of crushing blades 15 f form V-grooves at the edges corresponding to the crushing rotor 13. The direction of the crushing blade 14 of the crushing rotor 13 can be changed to reverse the rotation direction.

  The rotation drive device 30 is composed of a variable speed and reversible inverter electric motor 31 and a speed reducer 32 that is rotationally driven thereby. The crushing rotor 13 has a substantially cylindrical shape, and two crushing blades are formed in a straight 90-degree V-groove 13b formed at a pitch of 180 degrees by shifting the position of each of the 90-degree V-shaped flanges 13a on the outer circumferential surface. 14 is attached. The crushing blade 14 has a concave center part so that the four corners of the front square facing the rotation direction form a sharp claw 14a, and an attachment hole 14b having an inverted frustoconical shape (a diameter on the rotation direction side is large) is formed in the center part. is doing. Further, a screw inserted into the hole 14b with the crushing blade 14 hitting a flat back surface to the abutment 13B with a bolt hole positioned by a pin 13A and fixed to each straight V-groove 13b of the crushing rotor 13 by welding. It is attached by bolts 13C from the back of the abutment 13B via a cone sleeve 14A having a reverse truncated cone shape with a hole (diameter on the rotation direction side is large). The sharp claw 14a increases the crushing effect and reduces the crushing load on the motor 31. Further, it is configured to reversely rotate when an overload occurs due to hard biting and to remove the hard biting matter.

  The casing 11 includes an upper casing 11a that forms a crushing chamber 12A, and a lower casing 11b that covers the screens 16A and 16B between the front and rear walls W and forms a discharge portion 12B. The left and right bisecting screens 16A and 16B have arcuately curved reinforcing frames 16a mounted on the left and right round support shafts 17 attached between the front and rear walls W of the casing 11, respectively, and the inner sides thereof. The perforated screen plate 16b is attached. Each reinforcing frame 16a projects a lever 16c outward at the upper edge, and is opened and closed by a hydraulic or pneumatic reciprocating linear motion cylinder 16C of an attaching means via the lever 16c (open position). Is indicated by a two-dot chain line). The lower casing 11b is attached to the upper edge of each of the binary screens 16A and 16B, and is opened and closed by the cylinder 16C together with the binary screens 16A and 16B (the open position is indicated by a two-dot chain line). In the case of a small crusher, it is also configured to be manually opened and closed via a lever. Further, each reinforcing frame 16a has a mechanical attachment portion 19 with a bolt hole that is engaged with the mounting beam 15a of the fixed blade 15A at the lower end edge and attached by a bolt or the like, and is a binary screen during operation. The opening of 16A and 16B can be reliably prevented. On the other hand, the screens 16A and 16B may be fixed to the pivotable support shaft 17, and the support shaft 17 may be reciprocally rotated over a predetermined angle by a reciprocating rotary cylinder. Further, a support device (not shown) for supporting each of the half screens 16A and 16B and the lower casing 11b in the open position is also provided.

  In FIG. 7, the crusher 2 according to the second embodiment is rotationally driven (the direction of rotation is indicated by an arrow) so that the object to be crushed supplied from above is bitten from top to bottom in the crushing chamber 22A. It has horizontal crushing rotors 23A and 23B, and the crushing object is roughly crushed to about 50 mm by the rotary crushing blade 14 and one fixed blade 25 at the center. Crushed material is discharged from the discharge part 22B. The basic structure of the crushing rotors 23A and 23B is the same as that of the first embodiment, and is different in that only one rotor 23A is attached so that the crushing blade 14 faces the rotation direction. Further, in the crusher 2 of the second embodiment, the auxiliary fixed blade is omitted, and the fixed blade 25 is fixed between the two front and rear walls W along the crushing rotor between the two crushing rotors 23A and 23B. The mounting beam 25a and a central blade 25c mounted on the mounting beam so as to be replaceable by a bolt 25b. The center blade 25c has V-grooves at both edges corresponding to the two crushing rotors 23A and 23B (the fixed blade of FIG. 6 may be attached to the left and right on the mounting beam 25a).

As in the first embodiment, the rotational drive device is composed of a variable speed and reversible inverter electric motor and a speed reducer that is rotationally driven by the inverter motor, and each crushing rotor 23A, It is installed every 23B. Of course, the speed difference cannot be changed, but it is also configured to engage a pair of gears and drive one gear with a motor.
The basic configuration of the binary screens 26A and 26B mounted on the support shaft 27 and the upper and lower casings 21a and 21b, and the opening / closing mechanism including the opening / closing lever 26c, the opening / closing cylinder 26C, and the attaching means 29 are also described in the first embodiment. Is substantially the same as Further, a support device (not shown) for supporting each of the binary screens 26A and 26B and the lower casing 21b in the open position can be provided.

It is a cross-sectional view of the crusher of Example 1. It is a top view of the Example. It is a top view of the crushing rotor of the Example. It is an enlarged view of a part of the crushing rotor of the same example. It is an expanded cross-sectional view of a part of the crushing rotor of the same example. It is an enlarged plan view of a part of the fixed blade of the same embodiment. It is a cross-sectional view of the crusher of Example 2.

Explanation of symbols

1: Crusher 2 of Example 1: Crusher 11 of Example 2: Casing 12A of Example 1: Crushing chamber 12B: Discharge unit 13: Crushing rotor (crushing means)
14: Crushing blade 15: Fixed blade 15a: Loading beam 15c: Central crushing blade 15A: Fixed blade 15B: Sub fixed blade 16: Screen 16A: Bisection screen 16B: Bisection screen 16C: Reciprocating cylinder 16c: Lever 17: Support shaft 19 : Mounting means 21: Casing 22A of Example 1: Crushing chamber 22B: Discharge portion 23A: Crushing rotor (crushing means)
23B: Crushing rotor (crushing means)
25: fixed blade 25a: mounting beam 25c: central blade 26A: bisecting screen 26B: bisecting screen 26C: reciprocating cylinder 26c: lever 27: support shaft 29: mounting means

Claims (3)

A casing (11, 21) provided with an upper crushing chamber (12A, 22A) and a lower discharge part (12B, 22B) for receiving and storing the material to be crushed, and a plurality of crushing blades (14) in the casing (11, 21) Is detachably mounted on the outer peripheral surface and is crushed by a crushing rotor (13, 23A, 23B) that is driven to rotate by a rotary drive device (30), and a fixed blade (15 25) and a plurality of crushing blades (14) and fixed blades (15, 25) of the crushing means that cover the outer periphery of the crushing means, are spaced outside the crushing means, and rotate, and are continuously broken into pieces. A screen (16, 26) having a large number of holes through which the crushed crushed material is allowed to pass, and fragments that are crushed one after another by the crushing blade (14) and the fixed blade (15, 25) 16, 26) The pieces that pass through the screen hole and those that cannot be passed and are repeatedly crushed by the crushing blade and the fixed blade, and the pieces that have passed through the screen hole are discharged from the discharge portions (12B, 22B). In the crusher
The screen (16, 26) is divided into two parts (16A, 16B, 26A, 26B) at the center of the crushing means (13, 23A and 23B) on the discharge side, and the casing (12B, 22B) forming the lower discharge part (12B, 22B). 11 and 21) is pivotally supported at one end edge so as to open more than half of the outer peripheral surface of the crushing means, and reciprocating cylinders (16C, 26C) or manually through levers (16c, 26c). The open ends of the screens (16, 26) to be bisected can be reinforced by the connection of detachable fixed blades (15, 25) to reinforce the lower part of the crusher, which is weak in structural strength, and the screen ( 16. A crusher characterized in that 16, 26) is connected and supported so as to be openable. The bisected screens (16A, 16B) are curved reinforcing frames (16a) mounted on the left and right support shafts (17) mounted between the front and rear walls (W) of the casing (11) so as to be swingable. A mechanical mounting portion comprising a perforated screen plate (16b) mounted on the inner side, and each reinforcing frame (16a) engaged with a mounting beam (15a) of the fixed blade (15) at a lower end edge. The crusher of Claim 1 which has (19).   A mounting beam (25a) having two horizontal crushing rotors (23A, 23B) rotating in opposite directions and having a fixed blade (25) fixed between the casing front and rear walls (W), and the mounting beam (25a And a central blade (25c) mounted to be replaceable by a bolt (25b), and the central blade (25c) is disposed between the two crushing rotors (23A, 23B). Crushing machine.

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