EP0376011B1 - Housing for a scrap-shredding apparatus - Google Patents

Housing for a scrap-shredding apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0376011B1
EP0376011B1 EP89122524A EP89122524A EP0376011B1 EP 0376011 B1 EP0376011 B1 EP 0376011B1 EP 89122524 A EP89122524 A EP 89122524A EP 89122524 A EP89122524 A EP 89122524A EP 0376011 B1 EP0376011 B1 EP 0376011B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flap
scrap pieces
housing according
rotor
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89122524A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0376011A3 (en
EP0376011A2 (en
Inventor
Dietrich Häusler
Josef Weber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Technologies AG
Original Assignee
Thyssen Industrie AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thyssen Industrie AG filed Critical Thyssen Industrie AG
Priority to AT8989122524T priority Critical patent/ATE104573T1/en
Priority to JP1336165A priority patent/JP2867344B2/en
Publication of EP0376011A2 publication Critical patent/EP0376011A2/en
Publication of EP0376011A3 publication Critical patent/EP0376011A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0376011B1 publication Critical patent/EP0376011B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • B02C23/16—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator defining termination of crushing or disintegrating zone, e.g. screen denying egress of oversize material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/286—Feeding or discharge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/286—Feeding or discharge
    • B02C2013/2869—Arrangements of feed and discharge means in relation to each other

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a housing of the type defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the separating edge which follows the screen wall in the direction of rotation of the rotor serves in particular the purpose of adjusting the effective height of the screen wall channels, either by the screen wall being arranged relative to a start or the separating edge Separating edge is pivoted relative to a rigidly arranged screen wall.
  • it acts as a baffle edge, especially for scrap pieces that have not yet been sufficiently shredded before they enter a return chamber and are fed to the anvil again, while sufficiently shredded scrap pieces predominantly pass it and through the channels to the outlet.
  • Such a pivotable mounting is due to the high forces exerted by the scrap pieces, in particular on the lower part of the screen wall, undesirable and also has the consequence that at least the not yet comminuted scrap pieces collide uncontrollably against the rigid separating edge when the screen wall is in the open position, which counteracts rapid and complete removal of all scrap pieces located in the housing.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of designing the housing of the type described at the outset with simple constructive means such that, on the one hand, pivoting of the screen wall is not necessary for its rapid emptying and, on the other hand, the prerequisites for an energy-saving, low-wear overall arrangement are created.
  • the invention has the advantage that the screen wall can be arranged completely rigid if necessary. Nevertheless, in the operating position of the flap, a safe division of the material flow into a partial stream containing the large or small pieces of scrap and in the open position of the flap, rapid emptying of the housing is possible, ie the flap is designed overall so that it predominantly in the operating position has a divider function and in the open position predominantly an ejector function for the two partial flows and therefore does not have its separating edge in both cases as a baffle edge works.
  • This in conjunction with suitably designed housing parts adjoining the flap, can ensure that the not sufficiently comminuted scrap pieces are returned to the anvil in the desired, gentle manner in the operating position of the flap.
  • a hammer crusher rotor 1 with a horizontal axis of rotation 2 is mounted in the housing.
  • hammers 3 are arranged, which are fastened pivotably all around on axes 4 arranged parallel to the axis of rotation 2.
  • the rotor 1 rotates in the direction of an arrow 5, the hammers 3 interacting with an anvil 7 assigned to an inlet opening 6 of the housing in the direction of an arrow Shred 8 imported goods, eg car bodies, refrigerators or the like.
  • the comminuted material leaves the housing through an outlet opening 9, which is arranged, for example, on a side of the rotor 1 approximately diametrically opposite the inlet opening 6 and to which an outlet 10 is connected.
  • This is partially filled by a separating device, which one in contains essentially vertically arranged, rigidly mounted in the housing and designed as an extension of the bottom 11 screen wall 12, which extends over the entire length of the housing measured parallel to the axis of rotation.
  • the side walls of the housing located at the ends of the rotor 1 are not shown in FIG. 1.
  • a multiplicity of ribs 13 are attached, which form a multiplicity of parallel channels, which the material stream consisting of scrap pieces, which emerges tangentially from the gap between the base 11 and the rotor 1, in divide a corresponding number of partial streams that can only contain scrap pieces that have already been comminuted sufficiently, ie are smaller in at least one dimension than corresponds to the spacing of the ribs 13.
  • These partial flows are reunited in the outlet 10 designed as a collecting chamber, from where the scrap pieces e.g. how the materials passing through the floor 11 can fall through a lower housing opening 15 onto a conveyor belt or the like due to their gravity.
  • the height of the ribs 13, measured perpendicular to the axis of rotation 2, increases in a wedge shape from bottom to top, so that those scrap pieces which have not yet been sufficiently comminuted or impact the ribs 13 from the end faces of the approximately tangential to the rotor 1 which act as guide surfaces Ribs 13 are directed into a return chamber 16 arranged behind the outlet opening 9 in the direction of rotation of the rotor 1.
  • An upper cover 17 of the housing is arranged essentially above the rotor 1, from the outlet opening 9 to the inlet opening 6 extends and provided to limit the return chamber 16. It has an inner surface 18 facing the rotor 1, the distance from the rotor 1 from a point within the return chamber 16 at which it is at its greatest distance from the rotor 1, in the direction of the inlet opening 6, a gradually decreasing distance from the rotor 1 . In the exemplary embodiment, this is achieved by an arcuate, essentially convex cross section of the entire cover 17, which consists, for example, of a steel sheet.
  • the scrap pieces that do not pass through the sieve wall 12 are brought back from the point where they leave the ribs 13 along a continuous arc to the hammers 3 rotating along a flight circle (cylinder surface) 19 or into the space between the flight circle 19 and the lateral surface 20 of the rotor 1 is returned without them performing abrupt impacts with one another or with parts of the cover 17, thereby losing significant speed or kinetic energy and then having to be accelerated again by the rotor 1.
  • the entirety of the scrap pieces therefore moves largely analogously to a fluid flow from the outlet opening 9 back to the inlet opening 6. Nevertheless, the scrap pieces within the return chamber 16 can rotate about themselves to the desired extent, which is favorable for the subsequent comminution process in the area of the anvil 7 .
  • the mentioned distances of the inner surface 18 can be related to the axis of rotation 2, the flight circle 19 or the outer surface 20 of the rotor 1.
  • the arcuate shape of the inner surface 18 is realized, for example, by a cylinder, parabola, ellipse or hyperbolic surface or the like.
  • the end of the inner surface 18 which is close to the inlet opening 6 is designed as a guide surface 22 which guides the scrap pieces returned in such a way that they enter the gap between the anvil 7 and the rotor 1 in the desired manner in the region of the inlet opening 6.
  • the guide surface 22, like the inner surface 18, preferably has no sharp edges, corners or the like.
  • a pivot axis 23 for a pivotably mounted flap 24 in the housing which can be pivoted by means of a hydraulic cylinder 25 or the like and contains two legs arranged in a V-shape with respect to one another, the outer wedge surfaces 26 of which or 27 end in a tip forming a separating edge 28 and running parallel to the rotor axis 2.
  • the wedge surface 26 preferably has an arcuate, slightly concave shape, the wedge surface 27, however, an arcuate or slightly convex shape, in each case with respect to the pivot axis 23.
  • the angle between the two wedge surfaces 26 and 27 and their length are chosen such that in the case of FIG apparent operating position of the flap 24, the wedge surface 26 partially fills the outlet opening 9, preferably extends to the vicinity of the upper end of the screen wall 12, thereby forming a direct and continuous continuation of the inner surface 18 of the cover 17 and thereby as a deflecting surface for the insufficiently comminuted Scraps work.
  • the other wedge surface 27 can simultaneously act as an ejection surface for the sufficiently comminuted scrap pieces passing through the screen wall 12 and deflect them in the direction of the outlet 10.
  • simple separation of the large or small pieces of scrap can be achieved with simple means.
  • the separating edge 28 can also be brought into a different operating or relative position to the screen wall 12 and therefore the maximum size of the scrap pieces passing through the outlet opening 9 can be changed.
  • a pivoting of the flap 24 into an open position shown in FIG. 2 and additionally provided enables all scrap pieces to be completely removed from the housing.
  • the one wedge surface 26 acts as an ejection surface for both the comminuted scrap pieces, since the shape of the flap 24 and the position of its pivot axis 23 are chosen so that essentially all not yet comminuted scrap pieces that detach from the rotor 1 and into the Return chamber 16 are thrown, meet the wedge surface 26 and are deflected by this in the direction of the outlet 10.
  • the sufficiently comminuted scrap pieces pass through the screen wall 12 to the outlet 10 and can additionally be deflected in the outlet direction by the wedge surface 26.
  • the shape of the wedge surface 26 and the position of the pivot axis 23, which in the exemplary embodiment is arranged in the region of the part of the flap 24 bordering the cover 17, are preferably selected such that scrap pieces deflected by the wedge surface 26 are not impacted by one another or with the Wedge surface 26 itself lose all of its kinetic energy and then fall into return chamber 16, but instead reach outlet 10 via sieve wall 12.
  • Favorable geometric conditions can be achieved in particular if the end of the cover 17 directly adjacent to the flap 24 is at the greatest distance from the rotor.
  • the use of the flap 24 has two major advantages. On the one hand, it enables the screen wall 12 to be arranged in a completely rigid manner, without thereby making rapid emptying of the housing impossible. On the other hand, it also makes it possible to keep the inner wall sections of the housing above the rotor 1 free from projecting corners or edges at which the scrap pieces are braked abruptly and could lose their kinetic energy as a result. Overall, the housing in the area of the return chamber 16 preferably also has no abrupt cross-sectional constrictions in the flow path of the scrap pieces that could cause a jam.
  • the inner surface 18 and the wedge surfaces 26 and 27 are expediently formed by layers or plates 29 or 30 made of wear-resistant material, which are optionally interchangeably applied to the cover 17 or the flap 24.
  • additional deflection surfaces 31 can be provided to support the deflection of the scrap pieces made possible by the flap 24 in the direction of the outlet 10.
  • the invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiment described, which can be modified in many ways.
  • the flap 24 could be pivoted clockwise into its open position instead of counterclockwise as in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • one wedge surface 26 would serve as a deflection surface for the large scrap pieces and the other wedge surface 27 would serve as an ejection surface for the small scrap pieces.
  • the wedge surface 27 could serve as an ejection surface for both the large and the small scrap pieces.
  • Other swivel bearing positions and wedge surface shapes are also possible.
  • a screen wall 12 which is arranged pivotably in the housing (DE-PS 36 43 529), and to control the size of the scrap pieces occurring through the outlet opening 9 in that the position of the separating edge 28 is changed by pivoting the screen wall 12 relative to the flap 24.
  • the housing could be completely emptied with the flap 24 in the open position.
  • other separating devices can also be provided, in particular those which have a shape corresponding or similar to the sieve wall, but are not arranged vertically but at an angle to the vertical or also horizontally, provided that this ensures that the housing is emptied can be brought into its open position by controlling the flap 24.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Gehäuse der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 definierten Gattung.The invention relates to a housing of the type defined in the preamble of claim 1.

Bei einem bekannten Gehäuse dieser Art (DE-PS 36 43 529) dient die in Drehrichtung des Rotors auf die Siebwand folgende Trennkante insbesondere dem Zweck, die wirksame Höhe der Siebwand-Kanäle einzustellen, indem entweder die Siebwand relativ zu einer Start angeordneten Trennkante oder die Trennkante relativ zu einer starr angeordneten Siebwand verschwenkt wird. Daneben wirkt sie als Prallkante vor allem für Schrottstücke, die noch nicht ausreichend zerkleinert sind, bevor diese in eine Rückführkammer eintreten und erneut dem Amboß zugeführt werden, während ausreichend zerkleinerte Schrottstücke überwiegend an ihr vorbei und durch die Kanäle hindurch zum Auslaß gelangen.In a known housing of this type (DE-PS 36 43 529), the separating edge which follows the screen wall in the direction of rotation of the rotor serves in particular the purpose of adjusting the effective height of the screen wall channels, either by the screen wall being arranged relative to a start or the separating edge Separating edge is pivoted relative to a rigidly arranged screen wall. In addition, it acts as a baffle edge, especially for scrap pieces that have not yet been sufficiently shredded before they enter a return chamber and are fed to the anvil again, while sufficiently shredded scrap pieces predominantly pass it and through the channels to the outlet.

Bei der Verarbeitung von Schrott in Form von Autokarosserien od. dgl. ist es häufig erforderlich, besonders harte und/oder große Schrottstücke bei laufendem Rotor aus dem Gehäuse zu entfernen, um die Beschädigung von Funktionsteilen der Zerkleinerungsmaschine zu vermeiden. Hierzu ist es bei den Gehäusen der eingangs bezeichneten Gattung bekannt, die Siebwand derart zu lagern, daß sie bei laufendem Rotor um eine im unteren Bereich angeordnete Achse in eine den Auslaß freilegende Offenstellung geschwenkt werden kann. Eine derartige schwenkbare Lagerung ist aber wegen der hohen Kräfte, die von den Schrottstücken insbesondere auf den unteren Teil der Siebwand ausgeübt werden, unerwünscht und hat außerdem zur Folge, daß zumindest die noch nicht ausreichend zerkleinerten Schrottstücke bei in Offenstellung befindlicher Siebwand unkontrolliert gegen die starre Trennkante prallen, was einer schnellen und vollständigen Entfernung aller im Gehäuse befindlicher Schrottstücke entgegenwirkt.When processing scrap in the form of car bodies or the like, it is often necessary to remove particularly hard and / or large pieces of scrap from the housing while the rotor is running in order to avoid damage to functional parts of the comminution machine. For this purpose, it is known in the housings of the type described at the outset to mount the screen wall in such a way that it can be pivoted about an axis arranged in the lower region into an open position exposing the outlet while the rotor is running. Such a pivotable mounting is due to the high forces exerted by the scrap pieces, in particular on the lower part of the screen wall, undesirable and also has the consequence that at least the not yet comminuted scrap pieces collide uncontrollably against the rigid separating edge when the screen wall is in the open position, which counteracts rapid and complete removal of all scrap pieces located in the housing.

Ein unkontrollierter Aufprall von Schrottstücken auf die Trennkante ist bei der bekannten Gehäuseform aber auch in der normalen Betriebsstellung der Siebwand oder der schwenkbaren Trennkante möglich. Dadurch können insbesondere die noch nicht ausreichend zerkleinerten Schrottstücke ihre vom Rotor erhaltene Bewegungsenergie verlieren, so daß sie vom Rotor erneut beschleunigt werden müssen, was zu einer ungüngstigen Energiebilanz der Zerkleinerungsmaschine führt. Außerdem wird verhindert, daß die nicht durch die Siebwand oder die Auslaßöffnung austretenden Schrottstücke sanft umgelenkt und dann allmählich und so erneut in den Wirkungsbereich des Rotors gebracht und von diesem zu dem der Eingangsöffnung zugeordneten Amboß transportiert werden können, daß insgesamt eine nicht nur energiesparende, sondern auch verschleißarme Anordnung erhalten wird.An uncontrolled impact of scrap pieces on the separating edge is also possible with the known housing shape in the normal operating position of the screen wall or the pivotable separating edge. As a result, the pieces of scrap that have not yet been sufficiently comminuted can lose their kinetic energy obtained from the rotor, so that they have to be accelerated again by the rotor, which leads to an unfavorable energy balance of the comminution machine. In addition, it is prevented that the scrap pieces not exiting through the screen wall or the outlet opening are gently deflected and then gradually and so brought back into the effective area of the rotor and can be transported by the latter to the anvil associated with the inlet opening, so that overall one not only energy-saving but also low-wear arrangement is also obtained.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, das Gehäuse der eingangs bezeichneten Gattung mit einfachen konstruktiven Mitteln so auszubilden, daß einerseits zu seiner schnellen Entleerung eine Verschwenkung der Siebwand nicht erforderlich ist und andererseits die Voraussetzungen für eine energiesparende, verschleißarme Gesamtanordnung geschaffen werden.The invention is therefore based on the object of designing the housing of the type described at the outset with simple constructive means such that, on the one hand, pivoting of the screen wall is not necessary for its rapid emptying and, on the other hand, the prerequisites for an energy-saving, low-wear overall arrangement are created.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe dienen die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1.The characteristic features of claim 1 serve to solve this problem.

Die Erfindung bringt den Vorteil mit sich, daß die Siebwand bei Bedarf völlig starr angeordnet werden kann. Dennoch ist in der Betriebsstellung der Klappe eine sichere Aufteilung des Materialstroms in je einen die großen bzw. Kleinen Schrottstücke enthaltenden Teilstrom und in der Offenstellung der Klappe eine schnelle Entleerung des Gehäuses möglich, d.h. die Klappe ist insgesamt so ausgebildet, daß sie in der Betriebsstellung überwiegend eine Teilerfunktion und in der Offenstellung überwiegend eine Auswerferfunktion für die beiden Teilströme besitzt und daher ihre Trennkante in beiden Fällen nicht als Prallkante wirkt. Dadurch kann in Verbindung mit entsprechend ausgebildeten, an die Klappe anschließenden Gehäuseteilen sichergestellt werden, daß die nicht ausreichend zerkleinerten Schrottstücke in der Betriebsstellung der Klappe in der gewünschten schonenden Weise zum Amboß zurückgeführt werden.The invention has the advantage that the screen wall can be arranged completely rigid if necessary. Nevertheless, in the operating position of the flap, a safe division of the material flow into a partial stream containing the large or small pieces of scrap and in the open position of the flap, rapid emptying of the housing is possible, ie the flap is designed overall so that it predominantly in the operating position has a divider function and in the open position predominantly an ejector function for the two partial flows and therefore does not have its separating edge in both cases as a baffle edge works. This, in conjunction with suitably designed housing parts adjoining the flap, can ensure that the not sufficiently comminuted scrap pieces are returned to the anvil in the desired, gentle manner in the operating position of the flap.

Weitere vorteilhafte Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Further advantageous features of the invention emerge from the subclaims.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend in Verbindung mit der beiliegenden Zeichnung an einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Vertikalschnitt durch das Gehäuse bei in Betriebsstellung befindlicher Klappe; und
Fig. 2
einen Vertikalschnitt durch das Gehäuse bei in Offenstellung befindlicher Klappe.
The invention is explained in more detail below in connection with the accompanying drawing using an exemplary embodiment. Show it:
Fig. 1
a vertical section through the housing with the flap in the operating position; and
Fig. 2
a vertical section through the housing with the flap in the open position.

Nach Fig. 1 und 2 ist im Gehäuse ein Hammerbrecher-Rotor 1 mit horizontaler Drehachse 2 gelagert. Am Umfang des Rotors 1 sind Hämmer 3 angeordnet, die auf parallel zur Drehachse 2 angeordneten Achsen 4 rundum schwenkbar befestigt sind. Während des Betriebs dreht sich der Rotor 1 in Richtung eines Pfeils 5, wobei die Hämmer 3 im Zusammenwirken mit einem einer Einlaßöffnung 6 des Gehäuses zugeordneten Amboß 7 das in Richtung eines Pfeils 8 eingeführte Gut, z.B. Autokarosserien, Kühlschränke od. dgl., zerkleinern. Das zerkleinerte Gut verläßt das Gehäuse durch eine Auslaßöffnung 9, die z.B. an einer der Einlaßöffnung 6 etwa diametral gegenüberliegenden Seite des Rotors 1 angeordnet ist und an die sich ein Auslaß 10 anschließt.1 and 2, a hammer crusher rotor 1 with a horizontal axis of rotation 2 is mounted in the housing. On the circumference of the rotor 1, hammers 3 are arranged, which are fastened pivotably all around on axes 4 arranged parallel to the axis of rotation 2. During operation, the rotor 1 rotates in the direction of an arrow 5, the hammers 3 interacting with an anvil 7 assigned to an inlet opening 6 of the housing in the direction of an arrow Shred 8 imported goods, eg car bodies, refrigerators or the like. The comminuted material leaves the housing through an outlet opening 9, which is arranged, for example, on a side of the rotor 1 approximately diametrically opposite the inlet opening 6 and to which an outlet 10 is connected.

Ein im wesentlichen unterhalb des Rotors 1 angeordneter Boden 11, der im Ausführungsbeispiel als Rost ausgebildet ist, um Kleinteile, Schmutz und dergleichen sofort abzusondern, erstreckt sich von der Einlaßöffnung 6 bis zur Auslaßöffnung 9. Diese ist teilweise von einer Trenneinrichtung ausgefüllt, die eine im wesentlichen vertikal angeordnete, starr im Gehäuse montierte und als Verlängerung des Bodens 11 ausgebildete Siebwand 12 enthält, die sich über die gesamte, parallel zur Drehachse gemessene Länge des Gehäuses erstreckt. Die an den Enden des Rotors 1 befindlichen Seitenwände des Gehäuses sind in Fig. 1 nicht dargestellt.A substantially underneath the rotor 1 arranged bottom 11, which in the exemplary embodiment is designed as a grate to immediately separate small parts, dirt and the like, extends from the inlet opening 6 to the outlet opening 9. This is partially filled by a separating device, which one in contains essentially vertically arranged, rigidly mounted in the housing and designed as an extension of the bottom 11 screen wall 12, which extends over the entire length of the housing measured parallel to the axis of rotation. The side walls of the housing located at the ends of the rotor 1 are not shown in FIG. 1.

Auf der zum Gehäuse-Innenraum weisenden Seite der Siebwand 12 ist eine Vielzahl von Rippen 13 angebracht, die eine Vielzahl von parallelen Kanälen bilden, welche den aus Schrottstücken bestehenden Materialstrom, der aus dem Spalt zwischen dem Boden 11 und dem Rotor 1 tangential austritt, in eine entsprechende Vielzahl von Teilströmen aufteilen, die nur Schrottstücke enthalten können, die bereits ausreichend zerkleinert, d.h. in wenigstens einer Dimension kleiner sind, als dem Abstand der Rippen 13 entspricht. Diese Teilströme werden in dem als Sammelkammer ausgebildeten Auslaß 10 wieder vereinigt, von wo die Schrottstücke z.B. wie die den Boden 11 passierenden Materialien aufgrund ihrer Schwerkraft durch eine untere Gehäuseöffnung 15 auf ein Transportband od. dgl. fallen können.On the side of the screen wall 12 facing the interior of the housing, a multiplicity of ribs 13 are attached, which form a multiplicity of parallel channels, which the material stream consisting of scrap pieces, which emerges tangentially from the gap between the base 11 and the rotor 1, in divide a corresponding number of partial streams that can only contain scrap pieces that have already been comminuted sufficiently, ie are smaller in at least one dimension than corresponds to the spacing of the ribs 13. These partial flows are reunited in the outlet 10 designed as a collecting chamber, from where the scrap pieces e.g. how the materials passing through the floor 11 can fall through a lower housing opening 15 onto a conveyor belt or the like due to their gravity.

Die senkrecht zur Drehachse 2 gemessene Höhe der Rippen 13 nimmt von unten nach oben keilförmig zu, so daß diejenigen Schrottstücke, die noch nicht ausreichend zerkleinert sind oder auf die Rippen 13 prallen, von den etwa tangential zum Rotor 1 stehenden, als Führungsflächen wirksamen Stirnflächen der Rippen 13 in eine in Drehrichtung des Rotors 1 hinter der Auslaßöffnung 9 angeordnete Rückführkammer 16 gelenkt werden.The height of the ribs 13, measured perpendicular to the axis of rotation 2, increases in a wedge shape from bottom to top, so that those scrap pieces which have not yet been sufficiently comminuted or impact the ribs 13 from the end faces of the approximately tangential to the rotor 1 which act as guide surfaces Ribs 13 are directed into a return chamber 16 arranged behind the outlet opening 9 in the direction of rotation of the rotor 1.

Das bisher beschriebene Gehäuse und die sich daraus ergebende Funktion sind bekannt (DE-PS 36 43 529) und brauchen daher nicht näher erläutert werden.The housing described so far and the resulting function are known (DE-PS 36 43 529) and therefore do not need to be explained in more detail.

Eine obere Abdeckung 17 des Gehäuses ist im wesentlichen oberhalb des Rotors 1 angeordnet, von der Auslaßöffnung 9 bis zur Einlaßöffnung 6 erstreckt und zur Begrenzung der Rückführkammer 16 vorgesehen. Sie weist eine dem Rotor 1 zugewandte Innenfläche 18 auf, deren Abstand vom Rotor 1 von einer Stelle innerhalb der Rückführkammer 16 aus, an der sie ihren größten Abstand vom Rotor 1 aufweist, in Richtung der Einlaßöffnung 6 einen allmählich kleiner werdenden Abstand vom Rotor 1 hat. Dies wird im Ausführungsbeispiel durch einen bogenförmigen, im wesentlichen konvexen Querschnitt der ganzen Abdeckung 17 erreicht, die z.B. aus einem Stahlblech besteht. Dadurch werden die nicht durch die Siebwand 12 tretenden Schrottstücke von derjenigen Stelle aus, wo sie die Rippen 13 verlassen, längs eines kontinuierlichen Bogens wieder an die längs eines Flugkreises (Zylinderfläche) 19 rotierenden Hämmer 3 herangeführt bzw. in den Raum zwischen dem Flugkreis 19 und der Mantelfläche 20 des Rotors 1 zurückgeführt, ohne daß sie abrupte Stöße untereinander oder mit Teilen der Abdeckung 17 ausführen, dabei wesentlich an Geschwindigkeit bzw. Bewegungsenergie verlieren und dann vom Rotor 1 erneut beschleunigt werden müßten. Die Gesamtheit der Schrottstücke bewegt sich daher weitgehend analog zu einem Fluidstrom von der Auslaßöffnung 9 zurück zur Einlaßöffnung 6. Dennoch können sich die Schrottstücke innerhalb der Rückführkammer 16 im erwünschten Maße um sich selbst drehen, was für den nachfolgenden Zerkleinerungsvorgang im Wirkungsbereich des Ambosses 7 günstig ist.An upper cover 17 of the housing is arranged essentially above the rotor 1, from the outlet opening 9 to the inlet opening 6 extends and provided to limit the return chamber 16. It has an inner surface 18 facing the rotor 1, the distance from the rotor 1 from a point within the return chamber 16 at which it is at its greatest distance from the rotor 1, in the direction of the inlet opening 6, a gradually decreasing distance from the rotor 1 . In the exemplary embodiment, this is achieved by an arcuate, essentially convex cross section of the entire cover 17, which consists, for example, of a steel sheet. As a result, the scrap pieces that do not pass through the sieve wall 12 are brought back from the point where they leave the ribs 13 along a continuous arc to the hammers 3 rotating along a flight circle (cylinder surface) 19 or into the space between the flight circle 19 and the lateral surface 20 of the rotor 1 is returned without them performing abrupt impacts with one another or with parts of the cover 17, thereby losing significant speed or kinetic energy and then having to be accelerated again by the rotor 1. The entirety of the scrap pieces therefore moves largely analogously to a fluid flow from the outlet opening 9 back to the inlet opening 6. Nevertheless, the scrap pieces within the return chamber 16 can rotate about themselves to the desired extent, which is favorable for the subsequent comminution process in the area of the anvil 7 .

Die genannten Abstände der Innenfläche 18 können auf die Drehachse 2, den Flugkreis 19 oder die Mantelfläche 20 des Rotors 1 bezogen werden. Dabei wird die bogenförmige Gestalt der Innenfläche 18 beispielsweise durch eine Zylinder-, Parabel-, Ellipsen- oder Hyperbelfläche od. dgl. realisiert.The mentioned distances of the inner surface 18 can be related to the axis of rotation 2, the flight circle 19 or the outer surface 20 of the rotor 1. The arcuate shape of the inner surface 18 is realized, for example, by a cylinder, parabola, ellipse or hyperbolic surface or the like.

Das nahe der Einlaßöffnung 6 liegende Ende der Innenfläche 18 ist als Führungsfläche 22 ausgebildet, die die zurückgeführten Schrottstücke so führt, daß sie im Bereich der Einlaßöffnung 6 in der gewünschten Weise in den Spalt zwischen dem Amboß 7 und dem Rotor 1 eintreten. Die Führungsfläche 22 weist wie die Innenfläche 18 vorzugsweise keinerlei scharfe Kanten, Ecken od. dgl. auf.The end of the inner surface 18 which is close to the inlet opening 6 is designed as a guide surface 22 which guides the scrap pieces returned in such a way that they enter the gap between the anvil 7 and the rotor 1 in the desired manner in the region of the inlet opening 6. The guide surface 22, like the inner surface 18, preferably has no sharp edges, corners or the like.

An dem der Auslaßöffnung 9 zugewandten Ende der Abdeckung 17 befindet sich eine Schwenkachse 23 für eine schwenkbar im Gehäuse gelagerte Klappe 24, die mittels eines Hydraulikzylinders 25 od. dgl. verschwenkt werden kann und zwei V-förmig zueinander angeordnete Schenkel enthält, deren äußere Keilflächen 26 bzw. 27 in einer eine Trennkante 28 bildenden, parallel zur Rotorachse 2 verlaufenden Spitze enden. Die Keilfläche 26 weist vorzugsweise eine bogenförmige, leicht konkave Form, die Keilfläche 27 dagegen eine bogenförmige bzw. leicht konvexe Form auf, jeweils bezogen auf die Schwenkachse 23. Dabei sind der Winkel zwischen beiden Keilflächen 26 und 27 und deren Länge derart gewählt, daß bei der aus Fig. 1 ersichtlichen Betriebsstellung der Klappe 24 die Keilfläche 26 teilweise die Auslaßöffnung 9 ausfüllt, sich vorzugsweise bis in die Nähe des oberen Endes der Siebwand 12 erstreckt, dabei eine unmittelbare und stetige Fortsetzung der Innenfläche 18 der Abdeckung 17 bildet und dadurch als Umlenkfläche für die nicht ausreichend zerkleinerten Schrottstücke wirkt. Dagegen kann in dieser Stellung der Klappe 24 die andere Keilfläche 27 gleichzeitig als Auswurffläche für die ausreichend zerkleinerten, die Siebwand 12 passierenden Schrottstücke wirken und diese in Richtung des Auslasses 10 ablenken. Dadurch läßt sich mit einfachen Mitteln eine sichere Trennung der großen bzw. kleinen Schrottstücke erreichen. Durch geringfügiges Verschwenken der Klappe 24 kann die Trennkante 28 außerdem in eine andere Betriebs- bzw. Relativstellung zur Siebwand 12 gebracht und daher die maximale Größe der die Auslaßöffnung 9 passierenden Schrottstücke verändertwerden.At the end of the cover 17 facing the outlet opening 9 there is a pivot axis 23 for a pivotably mounted flap 24 in the housing, which can be pivoted by means of a hydraulic cylinder 25 or the like and contains two legs arranged in a V-shape with respect to one another, the outer wedge surfaces 26 of which or 27 end in a tip forming a separating edge 28 and running parallel to the rotor axis 2. The wedge surface 26 preferably has an arcuate, slightly concave shape, the wedge surface 27, however, an arcuate or slightly convex shape, in each case with respect to the pivot axis 23. The angle between the two wedge surfaces 26 and 27 and their length are chosen such that in the case of FIG apparent operating position of the flap 24, the wedge surface 26 partially fills the outlet opening 9, preferably extends to the vicinity of the upper end of the screen wall 12, thereby forming a direct and continuous continuation of the inner surface 18 of the cover 17 and thereby as a deflecting surface for the insufficiently comminuted Scraps work. In contrast, in this position of the flap 24, the other wedge surface 27 can simultaneously act as an ejection surface for the sufficiently comminuted scrap pieces passing through the screen wall 12 and deflect them in the direction of the outlet 10. As a result, simple separation of the large or small pieces of scrap can be achieved with simple means. By slightly pivoting the flap 24, the separating edge 28 can also be brought into a different operating or relative position to the screen wall 12 and therefore the maximum size of the scrap pieces passing through the outlet opening 9 can be changed.

Eine Verschwenkung der Klappe 24 in eine aus Fig. 2 ersichtliche und zusätzlich vorgesehene Offenstellung ermöglicht ein völliges Entfernen aller Schrottstücke aus dem Gehäuse. Hierbei wirkt die eine Keilfläche 26 als Auswurffläche sowohl für die ausreichend zerkleinerten Schrottstücke, da die Form der Klappe 24 und die Lage ihrer Schwenkachse 23 so gewählt sind, daß im wesentlichen alle noch nicht ausreichend zerkleinerten Schrottstücke, die sich vom Rotor 1 lösen und in die Rückführkammer 16 geschleudert werden, auf die Keilfläche 26 treffen und von dieser in Richtung des Auslasses 10 abgelenkt werden. Die ausreichend zerkleinerten Schrottstücke gelangen durch die Siebwand 12 zum Auslaß 10 und können dabei durch die Keilfläche 26 zusätzlich in Auslaßrichtung umgelenkt werden. Dabei sind die Form der Keilfläche 26 und die Lage der Schwenkachse 23, die im Ausführungsbeispiel im Bereich des an die Abdeckung 17 grenzenden Teils der Klappe 24 angeordnet ist, vorzugsweise so gewählt, daß von der Keilfläche 26 abgelenkte Schrottstücke nicht durch Stöße untereinander oder mit der Keilfläche 26 selbst ihre gesamte Bewegungsenergie verlieren und dann in die Rückführkammer 16 fallen, sondern über die Siebwand 12 in den Auslaß 10 gelangen. Günstige geometrische Verhältnisse lassen sich insbesondere dann erzielen, wenn das unmittelbar an die Klappe 24 angrenzende Ende der Abdeckung 17 den größten Abstand vom Rotor besitzt.A pivoting of the flap 24 into an open position shown in FIG. 2 and additionally provided enables all scrap pieces to be completely removed from the housing. Here, the one wedge surface 26 acts as an ejection surface for both the comminuted scrap pieces, since the shape of the flap 24 and the position of its pivot axis 23 are chosen so that essentially all not yet comminuted scrap pieces that detach from the rotor 1 and into the Return chamber 16 are thrown, meet the wedge surface 26 and are deflected by this in the direction of the outlet 10. The sufficiently comminuted scrap pieces pass through the screen wall 12 to the outlet 10 and can additionally be deflected in the outlet direction by the wedge surface 26. The shape of the wedge surface 26 and the position of the pivot axis 23, which in the exemplary embodiment is arranged in the region of the part of the flap 24 bordering the cover 17, are preferably selected such that scrap pieces deflected by the wedge surface 26 are not impacted by one another or with the Wedge surface 26 itself lose all of its kinetic energy and then fall into return chamber 16, but instead reach outlet 10 via sieve wall 12. Favorable geometric conditions can be achieved in particular if the end of the cover 17 directly adjacent to the flap 24 is at the greatest distance from the rotor.

Die Anwendung der Klappe 24 hat zwei wesentliche Vorteile. Zum einen ermöglicht sie, die Siebwand 12 völlig starr anzuordnen, ohne dadurch eine rasche Entleerung des Gehäuses unmöglich zu machen. Zum anderen ermöglicht sie aber auch, die oberhalb des Rotors 1 gelegenen Innenwandabschnitte des Gehäuses frei von vorspringenden Ecken oder Kanten zu halten, an denen die Schrottstücke abrupt abgebremst werden und dadurch ihre Bewegungsenergie verlieren könnten. Insgesamt weist das Gehäuse im Bereich der Rückführkammer 16 vorzugsweise auch keinerlei abrupte, im Strömungsweg der Schrottstücke liegende Querschnittsverengungen auf, die einen Stau bewirken könnten. Die nicht durch die Auslaßöffnung 9 austretenden Schrottstücke werden daher nach ihrem Eintritt in die Rückführkammer 16 ganz allmählich und "sanft" erneut in den Wirkungsbereich des Rotors 1 eingeführt und von diesem zu dem der Eingangsöffnung 6 zugeordneten Amboß 7 transportiert. Dadurch erfolgt die weitere Zerkleinerung dieser Schrottstücke an dem der Eingangsöffnung 6 zugeordneten Amboß 7.The use of the flap 24 has two major advantages. On the one hand, it enables the screen wall 12 to be arranged in a completely rigid manner, without thereby making rapid emptying of the housing impossible. On the other hand, it also makes it possible to keep the inner wall sections of the housing above the rotor 1 free from projecting corners or edges at which the scrap pieces are braked abruptly and could lose their kinetic energy as a result. Overall, the housing in the area of the return chamber 16 preferably also has no abrupt cross-sectional constrictions in the flow path of the scrap pieces that could cause a jam. The scrap pieces not exiting through the outlet opening 9 are therefore introduced very gradually and "gently" again into the effective area of the rotor 1 after their entry into the return chamber 16 and are transported by this to the anvil 7 assigned to the inlet opening 6. This further comminution of these scrap pieces takes place on the anvil 7 assigned to the inlet opening 6.

Die Innenfläche 18 und die Keilflächen 26 und 27 sind zweckmäßig durch Schichten bzw. Platten 29 bzw. 30 aus verschleißfestem Material gebildet, die auf die Abdeckung 17 bzw. die Klappe 24 ggf. auswechselbar aufgebracht sind.The inner surface 18 and the wedge surfaces 26 and 27 are expediently formed by layers or plates 29 or 30 made of wear-resistant material, which are optionally interchangeably applied to the cover 17 or the flap 24.

Zur Unterstützung der durch die Klappe 24 ermöglichten Umlenkung der Schrottstücke in Richtung des Auslasses 10 können schließlich zusätzliche Umlenkflächen 31 vorgesehen sein.Finally, additional deflection surfaces 31 can be provided to support the deflection of the scrap pieces made possible by the flap 24 in the direction of the outlet 10.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf das beschriebene Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt, das in vielfacher Hinsicht abgewandelt werden kann. Beispielsweise ist es möglich, die Klappe 24 anstatt am freien Ende der Keilfläche 26 in entsprechender Weise am freien Ende der Keilfläche 27 schwenkbar zu lagern. In diesem Fall könnte die Klappe 24 im Uhrzeigersinn anstatt wie in Fig. 1 und 2 im Gegenuhrzeigersinn in ihre Offenstellung geschwenkt werden. Auch in diesem Fall würde in der Betriebsstellung die eine Keilfläche 26 als Umlenkfläche für die großen Schrottstücke und die andere Keilfläche 27 hilfsweise als Auswurffläche für die kleinen Schrottstücke dienen. Dagegen würde in der Offenstellung der Klappe 24, ebenfalls in Abweichung zu Fig. 1 und 2, die Keilfläche 27 als Auswurffläche sowohl für die großen als auch für die kleinen Schrottstücke dienen können. Auch andere Schwenklagerstellen und Keilflächenformen sind möglich.The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiment described, which can be modified in many ways. For example, it is possible to pivotally mount the flap 24 instead of at the free end of the wedge surface 26 in a corresponding manner at the free end of the wedge surface 27. In this case, the flap 24 could be pivoted clockwise into its open position instead of counterclockwise as in FIGS. 1 and 2. In this case too, in the operating position, one wedge surface 26 would serve as a deflection surface for the large scrap pieces and the other wedge surface 27 would serve as an ejection surface for the small scrap pieces. In contrast, in the open position of the flap 24, also in deviation from FIGS. 1 and 2, the wedge surface 27 could serve as an ejection surface for both the large and the small scrap pieces. Other swivel bearing positions and wedge surface shapes are also possible.

Außerdem ist es möglich, in an sich bekannter Weise eine Siebwand 12 zu verwenden, die schwenkbar im Gehäuse angeordnet ist (DE-PS 36 43 529), und die Größe der durch die Auslaßöffnung 9 auftretenden Schrottstücke dadurch zu steuern, daß die Lage der Trennkante 28 durch Verschwenken der Siebwand 12 relativ zur Klappe 24 verändert wird. Auch in diesem Fall könnte die vollständige Entleerung des Gehäuses bei in Offenstellung befindlicher Klappe 24 erfolgen. Anstelle der dargestellten Siebwand 12 können auch andere Trenneinrichtungen vorgesehen werden, insbesondere solche, die eine der Siebwand entsprechende oder ähnliche Form aufweisen, aber nicht vertikal, sondern schräg zur Vertikalen oder auch horizontal angeordnet sind, sofern dabei dafür gesorgt wird, daß die Entleerung des Gehäuses durch Steuerung der Klappe 24 in ihre Offenstellung herbeigeführt werden kann.In addition, it is possible to use, in a manner known per se, a screen wall 12 which is arranged pivotably in the housing (DE-PS 36 43 529), and to control the size of the scrap pieces occurring through the outlet opening 9 in that the position of the separating edge 28 is changed by pivoting the screen wall 12 relative to the flap 24. In this case too, the housing could be completely emptied with the flap 24 in the open position. Instead of the sieve wall 12 shown, other separating devices can also be provided, in particular those which have a shape corresponding or similar to the sieve wall, but are not arranged vertically but at an angle to the vertical or also horizontally, provided that this ensures that the housing is emptied can be brought into its open position by controlling the flap 24.

Claims (11)

  1. Housing for a scrap crushing machine with horizontally arranged hammer mill rotor (1), containing: an inlet opening (6) provided with at least one associated anvil (7), an outlet opening (9) leading to an outlet (10), a bottom (11) arranged essentially beneath the rotor (1) and extending from the inlet opening (6) to the outlet opening (9), an upper cover (17) which is arranged essentially above the rotor (1), extends from the outlet opening (9) to the inlet opening (6) and defines a return chamber (16), and a separating device which is arranged in the outlet opening (9) and which comprises a screen wall (29) with a plurality of channels of preselected cross-section and a pivotable flap (24) arranged behind the screen wall (29) in the direction of rotation of the rotor, with a separating edge (28) which in at least one operative position of the flap (24) delivers sufficiently crushed scrap pieces which pass through the channels mainly to the outlet (10), and insufficiently crushed scrap pieces mainly to the return chamber (16), characterised in that the flap (24) is additionally pivotable into an open position and constructed in such a way that in the operative position it forms a deflector surface and in the open position it forms an ejector surface for insufficiently crushed scrap pieces.
  2. Housing according to claim 1, characterised in that the flap (24) is constructed in such a way that in the operative position it forms an ejector surface for sufficiently crushed scrap pieces.
  3. Housing according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the flap (24) is constructed in such a way that in the open position it forms an ejector surface for sufficiently crushed scrap pieces as well.
  4. Housing according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the deflector and ejector surfaces are formed by two wedge surfaces (26, 27) arranged in a wedge shape and forming the separating edge (28).
  5. Housing according to claim 4, characterised in that the deflector surface and the ejector surface for the insufficiently crushed scrap pieces is formed by one of the two wedge surfaces (26), and the ejector surface for the sufficiently crushed scrap pieces when the flap (24) is in the closed position is formed by the other of the two wedge surfaces (27).
  6. Housing according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that the ejector surface for the sufficiently crushed scrap pieces when the flap (24) is in the open position is formed by the same wedge surface (26) which also acts as the ejector surface for the insufficiently crushed scrap pieces.
  7. Housing according to any of claims 4 to 6, characterised in that at least one of the two wedge surfaces (26, 27) is arched.
  8. Housing according to claim 7, characterised in that the deflector surface is arched in such a way that its distance from the rotor (1) when the flap (24) is in the operative position gradually increases in the direction of the cover (17).
  9. Housing according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the cover (17) comprises an inner surface (18) with a distance gradually decreasing in the direction of the inlet opening (6).
  10. Housing according to claim 9, characterised in that the inner surface (18) is arcuate.
  11. Housing according to claim 9 or 10, characterised in that the deflector surface when the flap (24) is in the operative position forms a continuous extension of the inner surface (18) of the cover (17).
EP89122524A 1988-12-27 1989-12-06 Housing for a scrap-shredding apparatus Expired - Lifetime EP0376011B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT8989122524T ATE104573T1 (en) 1988-12-27 1989-12-06 HOUSING FOR A SCRAP SHREDDER.
JP1336165A JP2867344B2 (en) 1988-12-27 1989-12-25 Housing for scrap crusher

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3844005 1988-12-27
DE3844005 1988-12-27

Publications (3)

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EP0376011A2 EP0376011A2 (en) 1990-07-04
EP0376011A3 EP0376011A3 (en) 1991-04-03
EP0376011B1 true EP0376011B1 (en) 1994-04-20

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EP89122524A Expired - Lifetime EP0376011B1 (en) 1988-12-27 1989-12-06 Housing for a scrap-shredding apparatus

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US (1) US5044567A (en)
EP (1) EP0376011B1 (en)
DE (1) DE58907512D1 (en)

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US4720051A (en) * 1985-12-16 1988-01-19 American Pulverizer Company Hammer-type shredder with air deflector
DE3643529C1 (en) * 1986-12-19 1988-03-17 Thyssen Industrie Sorting device in the good outlet of a shredding machine for scrap

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2007245612B2 (en) * 2006-04-25 2010-09-09 Jean-Luc Mossotti Material crusher ejection door

Also Published As

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US5044567A (en) 1991-09-03
DE58907512D1 (en) 1994-05-26
EP0376011A3 (en) 1991-04-03
EP0376011A2 (en) 1990-07-04

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