EP1332796A1

EP1332796A1 - Crushing mill for recycling material from demolition or collection

Info

Publication number: EP1332796A1
Application number: EP02380140A
Authority: EP
Inventors: José Angel Arrieta Gonzalez
Original assignee: Talleres ZB SA
Current assignee: Talleres ZB SA
Priority date: 2002-01-31
Filing date: 2002-06-28
Publication date: 2003-08-06

Abstract

The crushing mill for the recycling of demolition or collection material, mainly consists of two tough frames of great size, a lower one (4) and an inclinable upper one (6), that contain a rotor (1) revolving around a main horizontal shaft (8), and equipped with anti-wear plates (discos antidesgaste) (10) interconnected by means of secondary shafts (9), around which solid hammers (3) capable of demolishing, cleaning and reducing the material to recycle to its minimal size are rotating freely as the mentioned rotor spins. Furthermore, this mill contains, in its upper frame (6), an inner tilting gate (11), operated for the extraction of elements that cannot be crushed, or for the extraction of elements of great size, if a greater size of sand and cement is desired. In addition, this mill may be transported as a whole on wheels or on caterpillar tracks, and can be operated without the need of getting it off the platform.

Description

The object of the present invention consists of a novel crushing unit of the kind of those used to break down material originating from demolition or originating from the simple collection for its posterior recycling.
The component originating from recycling is not of the best achievable quality nowadays, since the treatment undergone by the material to be recovered is a simple process, which does not purify at the utmost the mixture of components that are present in the collection. In this way, at the end of the recovery process, metallic elements, plastic materials, wooden materials, etc. are obtained, which require a further treatment in order to become reusable.
Concrete originating from demolition presents screws, crimping ridge ribs, bars of steel and, in currently existing processes, the extraction of sais elements is performed in such a way that the ferric material it produces is partially covered with cement conglomerates, which makes it of poorer quality.
In the same way, some kinds of ferric materials, like bars or rods, are recovered in too big a size for easy piling up or transportation.
All these currently existing drawbacks disappear when using the crushing mill for the recycling of demolition or collection material, object of this invention.
With this invention, a recycling ready product of better quality is obtained, so that the product that will be made starting from this recovered component will be of better quality as well.
In the same way, with this procedure, an impurity-free ferric material of minimal size is obtained, since it is triturated and broken down in its most simple elements when undergoing a continuous crushing treatment.
At the same time, this Crushing mill has the advantage of being able to be transported as a whole on a vehicle and operating with no need for unloading it, since it can be connected on its front side to a Pre-screening Feeder, and having the material that is crushed by the mill collected by a vibratory feeder covered with interchangeable shields which unloads it onto a conveyor belt on the rear side of the transporting vehicle.
The mode of operation as well as the nature of the machine may be better understood with the help of the drawings enclosed at the end of the present document.
Fig.1 - Perspective view of the Crushing Mill for the recycling of demolition or collection material
Fig.2 - Perspective view of the Crushing Mill for the recycling of demolition or collection material.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the right side of the mill with the upper frame (6) tilted, in which the interior parts can be seen. The Crushing mill consists of a compact set initially formed by two frames of great size, an inclinable upper frame (6) made of alloy steel resistant to impacts and abrasion, and a lower one (4) of the same material, both separable by means of two hydraulic cylinders. In the chamber created between both frames, a rotor (1) can be seen which revolves around a main horizontal shaft (8), that rotates on two ball bearings located in the two opposite lateral sides of the lower frame (4). This rotor (1) is formed by a series of anti-wear discs (10) perpendicular to the shaft, and interconnected through a series of secondary passing shafts (9) that are parallel to the main shaft (8).
Some of these secondary shafts (9) bear a succession of solid rotating hammers (3), in such a way that between two discs there are at least two hammers (3) located on diametrically opposed shafts with respect to the main shaft (8), in order to maintain a correct adjustment and levelling. The smashing hammers (3), rotate freely as the whole set (1) rotates and break down the material that enters into the chamber through the front side.
This system using a rotor (1) with discs (10) and solid hammers (3), solves the problem created in the currently existing facilities: the ferric material that is obtained is totally concrete-free and broken down to the minimum.
At present, in this field, rod crushing mills are used, among others, which triturate the material by means of beater bars, that are assembled lengthways on the external part of said rotor and parallel to the main shaft, instead of being equipped with hammers. This way, the crushing mill tends to get jammed or blocked when getting in contact with material that cannot be crushed, which gives place to a slow and discontinuous process. This effect does not occur with the solid hammers (3) since these rotate freely driven by their own weight and by the rotation speed of the whole, chopping the material and hiding between discs, as a result of the angular velocity of the machine and of the impacts produced as they break down the material.
Thanks to the high angular velocity at which the rotor (1) rotates, the aggregates that are obtained are of suitable size for their posterior re-use in the construction sector.
This mill crushes the materials, producing the metallic elements in their most impurity-free state and in small sizes, so that their separation, collection and transport are easier. The above does not occur with the current processes, since the impacts are less violent and constant.
The lower frame (4) contains a grid on its inner side (5), through which the crushed material is extracted according to its size. This grid (5) is interchangeable according to the desired grain size of the aggregates.
Figure 2 represents a perspective view of the Crushing mill from its left side, in which a gradually swinging gate (11) can be seen on the rear side of the upper frame (6) that closes the crushing chamber. When this gate is in vertical position, it is closed, so that the only exit from the crushing chamber available for the material is the lower grid. The gate (11) has an upper horizontal axis, which allows to lower said gate to the inside of the chamber, making it possible for a worker to extract the material being crushed by the solid hammers out of the crushing chamber whenever desired. The opening of the expulsion gate (11) is performed through two hydraulic cylinders (2) located on the outer lateral sides of the upper frame.
The materials are automatically evacuated as a result of the impulse produced by the impacts, which pushes the materials up until they get out through the open gate (11), leading them through the space left between the two frames on the front, and diverting them to the exit tray.
Afterwards, this material can pass to the next station, or may be diverted to a container to be eliminated.
The existence of this gate (11) permits two possibilities: on one hand, it allows to extract material that cannot be crushed with no need for stopping the machine. On the other hand, the degree of opening of the gate makes it possible to vary the granulometric percentages to be obtained at the exit of the mill, when less treatment is required.
As can be seen, the object of the present invention is a novel, advantageous machine, and improving the currently existing technique, that allows generating products of higher quality, faster and in a cheaper way.
And, once described the nature and functions of the invention, as well as one of its preferred embodiments, it only needs to be added that its design, its materials and its execution may suffer modifications, as long as these do not alter substantially the characteristics that are claimed in the next section.

Claims

Crushing mill for the recycling of demolition or collection material, characterised in that it is composed of two frames, a lower and an upper frame, which contain a rotor that revolves around a horizontal main shaft, said rotor being composed of anti-wear discs, transversal to said shaft and communicated between them by passing shafts parallel to the main shaft, some of which shafts bearing hammers that swing freely, as the whole set rotates, being said hammers responsible for crushing the material that is introduced in the crushing chamber formed by both frames.
Crushing mill for the recycling of demolition or collection material, as in Claim 1, characterized in that between two parallel discs it presents at least two hammers, located on diametrically opposed shafts with respect to the main shaft.
Crushing mill for the recycling of demolition or collection material, as in Claim 1, characterized in that the upper frame includes on its posterior internal part a gradual swinging gate opening towards the interior of the crushing chamber and hydraulically operated by the worker through an upper axis and through which gate material can be extracted.
Crushing mill for the recycling of demolition or collection material, as in Claim 1, characterized in that the mill can be transported as a whole on wheels or caterpillar tracks and can operate without getting off the transporting platform.
Crushing mill for the recycling of demolition or collection material, as in Claim 1, characterized in that the lower frame contains a grid on its inner side, through which the crushed material is being extracted, said grid being interchangeable according to the desired grain size of the aggregates.