JP2974657B1 - Two-stage crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To directly crush a large crushed object to a recyclable state, and to separate a crushed object composed of metal and resin and crush it to a recyclable state. Is also difficult. SOLUTION: An object to be crushed V charged from a charging chute 4
A shear-type crusher E for shearing and crushing the material, and an impact-type crusher G for impact-crushing and finely crushing the material V to be crushed by the shear-type crusher E are arranged in the longitudinal direction. By providing a movable shielding plate 13 for preventing a rebound from a crushed object V crushed by a crusher E at a supply port 12 for supplying the impact crusher G, a large crushed object V can be crushed in two stages. In addition, the metal and the resin are separated and crushed into a recyclable state.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a two-stage crushing apparatus for crushing an object to be crushed roughly by shear crushing and then continuously crushing it by collision crushing.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, it is collected as oversized garbage.
For example, waste of home electric appliances such as refrigerators (hereinafter, referred to as “waste” including other bulky garbage) is disposed of in a landfill or the like. However, in recent years, such recyclable waste has been collected in order to reuse the effective resources, and has been crushed and collected to such an extent that it can be transported and reprocessed in the next step.

[0003] On the other hand, such crushed materials include waste (hereinafter referred to as "composite material") in which a resin or the like is adhered or adhered to metal, such as a refrigerator body. Unless metal and resin are separated for recycling, the respective resources cannot be effectively recycled.

Accordingly, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
In the impact-type crusher described in -226123, the metal and the resin are separated and recyclable by twisting the crushed object between the hammer arranged in the horizontal axis and the collision member having a predetermined interval so as to grind. ing.

As another prior art of an impact-type crusher, there is an invention described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 51-63059.
According to the present invention, by providing a grinder provided around the vertical axis and rotating horizontally, the object to be crushed introduced from above is crushed between the liner and the liner by an impact.

Further, as a prior art of such a crusher for shearing and crushing an object to be crushed, there is a device described in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open Publication No. 4-131443. In this device, the device is supported by parallelly provided shafts and opposed to each other. The objects to be crushed are sheared and crushed by rotating the cutting blades to be engaged with each other inward.

[0007]

However, none of the above-mentioned impact crushers can directly crush large crushed objects such as a refrigerator body. Moreover, even if such a large crushed object is crushed, it is difficult to effectively separate the metal and the resin and crush the metal to a recyclable state.

Also, in the case of the above-mentioned shearing type crusher, it is not possible to directly crush a large crushed material, and it is difficult to crush the metal and the resin so as to separate them from each other. It does not enable effective recycling.

Further, depending on the crushed material crushed by such a crusher, a blast may be generated in the crusher. Therefore, when crushing such a crushed material, a countermeasure is required.

[0010]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to the present application relates to a shearing type crusher for shearing and crushing an object to be crushed introduced from an upper portion of a crusher main body. And an impact crusher for impact crushing the object to be crushed by the shear crusher and finely crushing the same, and displacing the shear crusher from the rotation axis of the impact crusher. The supply port for supplying the crushed material crushed by the shearing crusher to the impact crusher is formed, a shielding plate is provided at the supply port , and the shielding plate is connected to the impact crusher. Established batting
It is provided on a vertical extension line substantially at the outer peripheral position of the shooting member . This shear crushing is crushing such as cutting a material to be crushed, and impact crushing is crushing such as crushing a material to be crushed. In this way, it is possible to continuously crush the object to be crushed by low-speed shearing, and to continuously crush the object to be crushed to a predetermined size by impact crushing at a high speed to finely crush the object. The crushed material that has been crushed by the shear crusher that is displaced from the axis of the impact crusher and dropped from the supply port by the plate is hit by the impact crusher to the shear crusher side. Bouncing back can be prevented.

Moreover, the shielding plate, is provided on the vertical extension line of the substantially peripheral position of the hitting member provided on the impact crusher
Therefore , it is possible to effectively prevent the object to be crushed from rebounding by the shielding plate without increasing the amount of deviation of the shearing type crusher.

Further, if the shielding plate is constituted by a shielding plate having a plurality of openings in the supply port, the crushed material to be crushed can be dispersed into the plurality of openings and put into the impact type crusher. .

Further, the shielding plate is constituted by a movable shielding plate whose lower part can swing, and the movable shielding plate is moved to the shearing type crusher side.
Swing is limited to a specified angle where the movable shield plate closes the supply port
This prevents the shattering plate from oscillating and the crushed object hit by the impact-type crusher from bouncing back to the shear-type crusher. It is possible to suppress going out to the machine side, and there is little shielding
The object to be crushed bounces back and the blast blasts at the rocking angle of the plate.
It is possible to suppress going out to the machine side.

[0014]

[0015]

[0016]

[0017]

[0018]

[0019]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the invention according to the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a first embodiment of a crushing apparatus according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is an AA sectional view of the crushing apparatus shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a front view of the crushing apparatus. is there.

As shown in the figure, the crushing apparatus M includes a shearing type crusher E which roughly shears and crushes the material V to be crushed, which has been introduced from above, into an upper casing 2 constituting the crusher body 1. The crushed material V sheared by the shearing crusher E is provided in the lower casing 3 provided and constituting the crusher main body 1.
An impact crusher G for impact crushing and fine crushing is provided, and the shear crusher E and the impact crusher G are vertically arranged.

A charging chute 4 for supplying the material V to be crushed is provided above the shearing type crusher E, and the material V to be crushed is charged by a conveyor or the like (not shown).
In addition, a casing 2
(3) Blast blast outlet 5 to escape if a blast occurs inside
The blast escape port 5 is connected to an exhaust device such as a chimney (not shown) by a joining pipe 6 shown by a two-dot chain line. Reference numeral 7 denotes an inspection port in the casing.

As described above, since the shear crusher E having the horizontal axis and the impact crusher G having the vertical axis are arranged in the vertical direction, the upper portion of the upper casing 2 provided with the shear crusher E has The upper casing 2 is formed in a rectangular shape in plan view, and the lower portion of the upper casing 2 is formed in an octagonal shape in plan view. These casings 2 and 3 are connected by an octagonal flange 8.

The shearing type crusher E is a two-axis shearing type crusher provided with two rotating shafts 9 in a horizontal direction. The shearing type crusher E is configured to shear the material V to be crushed by cutters 10 which rotate inward each other. Is configured. As shown in FIG. 2, the cutter 10 for coarse crushing is provided with cutters 10 having a predetermined width and spacers 11 having a predetermined width alternately, and the distance between the two rotating shafts 9 is set to a predetermined distance. The object V to be crushed is roughly crushed so as to have a predetermined size in a gap between the cutter 10 and the spacer 11. The rotating shaft 9 is driven by a driving device (not shown).

In this embodiment, the rotary shaft 9 of the shearing crusher E is arranged substantially horizontally, and
Are arranged so as to be inclined at a predetermined angle. The rotating shaft 9 of the shearing crusher E may be arranged horizontally or inclined, and may be set as appropriate according to the properties of the object V to be crushed, crushing conditions and the like.

The shearing type crusher E thus configured is
It is arranged on the upper side of the upper casing 2 which is deviated from the axial center position of the impact crusher G, and is obliquely arranged so that the opposing rotating shaft 9 is inclined at a predetermined angle. The amount by which the shear crusher E is displaced from the impact crusher G may be determined depending on crushing conditions and the like. In this embodiment, the crushed material V to be crushed is charged from the side of the crusher main body 1. In order to make it possible, the shear crusher E is provided outside the side wall of the upper casing 2 so as to be deviated to such an extent that the outer periphery of the hammer 17 of the impact crusher G is disengaged.

The upper casing 2 located on the discharge side of the shearing crusher E is provided with a supply port 12 for feeding the crushed material V crushed by the shearing crusher E onto the impact crusher G. These crushers E and G communicate with each other.

The supply port 12 is provided with a swingable movable shielding plate 13, and a support portion 13a at the upper end is provided.
Are supported by the upper casing 2 and the lower end is freely swingable.

The movable shield plate 13 is supported in a state in which the support portion 13a is located inside the wall surface of the upper casing 2 by a predetermined distance, and is directed toward the impact crusher G which is the center side of the upper casing 2. Is freely swingable, and is limited so as to be able to swing to a position (upper casing wall surface) that closes the supply port 12 toward the shearing type crusher E outside the upper casing 2. As described above, the angle at which the movable shielding plate 13 is swung may be set according to the size of the crushing device M, the type of the object V to be crushed, and the like. In this embodiment, the extension of the movable shielding plate 13 in the vertical state is performed. The wire is provided so as to be located substantially at the outer peripheral position of a striking member S of the impact type crusher G described later, and from this state toward the shear type crusher E side,
The end of the movable shield plate 13 is limited so as to have an angle at which the end of the movable shield plate 13 contacts the wall surface of the upper casing 2. In this manner, by providing the movable shield plate 13 so as to swing from the vertical state to the counter-impact crusher G side by a predetermined angle to close the supply port 12, the crushed object that has been hit and jumped up by the impact-type crusher G Thing V
Not to bounce back to the shear crusher E side, and even if a blast occurs in the crusher body 1, it is automatically closed by the pressure to prevent the blast from coming out to the shear crusher E side. ing.

The impact type crusher G comprises a lower casing 3
And a striking member T provided on the inner surface of the lower casing 3 and opposed to the striking member S, which is driven by a substantially vertically arranged rotating shaft 14 provided at substantially the center of the lower casing 3. I have.

The striking member S includes a rotating shaft 14 supported by a bearing 14a in a bearing cylinder 3b provided on a bottom plate 3a of the lower casing 3, a lower plate 15 supported by the rotating shaft 14, Plural support pins 1 provided on lower plate 15
6 and a plurality of circular hammers 17 provided on the support pins 16. The hammer 17 has a hollow circular portion 17 a supported by the support pins 16. Reference numeral 19 denotes a cover provided above the impact member S and the rotary shaft 14. Reference numeral 19a denotes a projection that strikes the crushed object V falling from the shear crusher E side and disperses the crushed object V in the impact crusher G. Department.

In this embodiment, a ring hammer having a plurality of protrusions formed around the hammer 17 is used.
The ring hammer is rotatably supported by the support pins 16, so that when the rotating shaft 14 is rotated, the hammer 17 rotates in a state of being protruded by centrifugal force. Even if a load that does not easily deform is applied, the hammer 17 is prevented from escaping in any direction and transmitting the load to the support pin 16. In addition, since such a ring hammer is used, even if a part of the hammer 17 is worn, another protruding portion crushes the object V to be crushed. Therefore, the exchange frequency of the hammer 17 may be small. The collision member T facing the hammer 17 is provided at a predetermined inclination angle such that the gap i gradually narrows from the upper end to the lower end.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a collision member provided in the crushing apparatus shown in FIG. 1. The collision member T has a plurality of collision elements Tb provided on the surface of a base plate Ta having a predetermined thickness. The surface of the collision member T is formed in an uneven shape by the plurality of collision elements Tb. Such collision members T are provided on each octagonal surface of the inner surface of the lower casing 3 (FIG. 1).

The collider Tb is formed such that the gap between the collider Tb and the hammer 17 which rotates while drawing an arc is substantially the same in the circumferential direction of the same plane. It is formed so that both side edges are highest and gradually lower toward the center so as to draw a typical arc. At a position adjacent to the position where the colliding element Tb is provided, the surface is made uneven so that the colliding element Tb is not provided. In addition, even in the vertical direction, the surface is made uneven so that the collider Tb is not provided at a position adjacent to the location where the collider Tb is provided.

By providing the collision member T whose surface is formed in an irregular shape as described above, the collision member T is hit by the hammer 17 of the striking member S that is supported by the rotating shaft 14 and strikes the crushed object V. The object V to be crushed is configured to be crushed while being caught by the collision element Tb of the collision member T. By providing the collision member T thus formed in the lower casing 3, the inner surface of the protruding end of the collision element Tb is formed in a shape substantially similar to the upper part of the mortar.

In this embodiment, the surface of the collision member T is formed in an uneven shape by providing a plurality of colliders Tb in a staggered manner. However, the configuration of the uneven shape is not particularly limited. Any configuration may be used as long as the object to be crushed V can be efficiently crushed between the hammer 17 and the collision member T.

The lower casing 3 around the lower plate 15, which is the discharge portion of the crushed material V crushed between the impact member S and the collision member T, has a gap adjusting plate capable of adjusting the gap j of the discharge portion. In this embodiment, eight gap adjusting plates 1 are provided in accordance with the octagon of the lower casing 3.
8 are provided. These clearance adjusting plates 18 can be moved in the radial direction by loosening bolts 18a for fixing to the lower casing 3. By adjusting the clearance j of the discharge portion with the clearance adjusting plate 18, the striking member S The residence time of the crushed object V between the crushing member T and the collision member T is adjusted so that the grinding action can be appropriately maintained.

The inner surface of the lower casing 3 has
A liner 3d for preventing abrasion is provided, and a scraper 15a is provided on the lower surface of the lower plate 15 for scraping off the crushed object V which has been crushed by the impact crusher G and dropped on the bottom plate 3a. A crushed material discharge chute 3c for discharging the crushed material V scraped off by the scraper 15a to the outside of the machine is provided at a predetermined position of the bottom plate 3a. Reference numeral 20 denotes a drive pulley for driving the rotating shaft 14, which is driven via a V-belt 23 by a motor 22 provided at a predetermined position on a gantry 21.

According to the crushing apparatus M configured as described above, the material V to be crushed introduced from the introduction chute 4 is first sheared by the cutter 10 of the shearing crusher E and roughly crushed. This crushing is primary crushing by a shearing crusher E that roughly crushes a large crushed object V to a predetermined size.
Then, the crushed material V cut by the cutter 10 and roughly crushed falls from the gap of the cutter 10, opens the shielding plate 13 of the supply port 12 provided in the upper casing 2, and moves on the impact type crusher G. To fall. At this time, the shielding plate 13 provided on the upper casing 2 is opened inward by the weight of the crushed object V falling from the shearing crusher E.

The crushed object V dropped onto the impact crusher G is hit by the hammer 17 with the collision member T and is finely crushed to a desired size. This crushing is secondary crushing by an impact crusher G that crushes the crushed material V finely to a size corresponding to the purpose (recycling). At this time, even if a blast is generated from the crushed object V due to the impact of the crushed object V, the movable shield plate 13 is rotated to the casing wall on the side of the shearing crusher E by the pressure of the blast. Since the supply port 12 is closed, the blast is prevented from coming out to the shear crusher E side, and the blast discharge port 5
Is discharged to the outside.

At the time of this impact crushing, since the surface of the collision member T is formed in an uneven shape, the crushed object V is twisted so as to be crushed when being hit by a concave portion or a convex portion while being hit. This torsion is repeatedly performed until it passes through the lower plate 15 at the uneven portion formed by the plurality of colliders Tb provided on the surface of the colliding member T, so that the crushed object V adheres or adheres the resin or the like to the metal. Even if the composite material is subjected to a crushing process, it is crushed into small pieces having a predetermined size and separated into respective materials. At this time, the distance i between the hammer 17 and the collision member T is smaller than the lower casing 3.
Is formed so that it gradually narrows toward the lower part, and the crushed object V that is crushed and dropped by the shearing crusher E is easily bitten, thereby improving the grinding effect.

Thus, the hammer 17 and the collision member T
The material V to be crushed falls between the lower plate 15 and the periphery of the lower plate 15. However, if the gap j is adjusted by the gap adjusting plate 18 provided at the discharge portion around the lower plate 15. By adjusting the residence time of the crushed object V between the striking member S and the collision member T, the crushing action according to the crushed object V can be effectively exerted. According to the gap adjusting plate 18, the size of the crushed object V can be adjusted.

The crushed material V crushed to a desired size by the impact crusher G is supplied to the bottom plate 3 of the lower casing 3.
a, and is discharged from the crushed material discharge chute 3c to the outside of the machine by a scraper 15a which rotates integrally with the lower plate 15.

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a second embodiment of the crushing apparatus according to the present invention. In the second embodiment, a fixed shielding plate 24 is provided in place of the movable shielding plate 13 provided in the supply port 12 in the first embodiment. Since other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.

As shown, a fixed shielding plate 24 is provided at the supply port 12 of the upper casing 2 located on the discharge side of the shearing crusher E, and the fixed shielding plate 24 opens the upper and lower portions of the supply port 12. Are formed. Therefore, in the second embodiment, the supply port 1 having a plurality of upper and lower openings is provided.
2, the shear type crusher E and the impact type crusher G communicate with each other.

The fixed shield plate 24 is provided such that the apex bent in an L-shape is located on the side of the shearing crusher E, and one of the ends is downward and the other is horizontal. . Further, the fixed type shielding plate 24 is provided so as to be located on a line extending in a vertical direction from a substantially outer peripheral position of the striking member S of the impact type crusher G, and in this embodiment, a downward end is provided. It is provided so as to be located on an extension line. If the L-shaped fixed shielding plate 24 is provided in this manner, the crushed object V
Can be effectively prevented from returning to the shearing type crusher E side.

Further, openings of approximately the same size are formed above and below the supply port 12 by the fixed shield plate 24, and the crushed material V dispersed by the fixed shield plate 24 is formed.
Are supplied from both supply ports 12 onto the impact crusher G. The crushed material V sheared and crushed by the fixed shielding plate 24
Is dispersed and supplied to the impact crusher G, thereby improving the crushing efficiency of the impact crusher G. The supply port 12 formed between the upper casing 2 by providing the fixed shielding plate 24 may have an opening area set in accordance with the size of the crushing device M, the type of the crushed object V, and the like. Any size can be used as long as the object to be crushed V crushed by the shear crusher E can be efficiently dispersed and supplied to the impact crusher G. The shape and the mounting position of the fixed shield plate 24 are not limited to this embodiment.

With the crushing device M according to the second embodiment configured as described above, the crushed material V that has been roughly crushed by being sheared by the shearing type crusher E is also supplied to the upper casing 2 serving as the supply port 12 and the shielding plate 24. And then supplied to the impact-type crusher G, and the impact-type crusher G can finely crush to a desired size. At this time, even if the crushed object V hit by the impact crusher G bounces toward the shear crusher E, the fixed shield plate 24 can prevent the crushed object V from returning into the shear crusher E. . Also, if the crushed material V
Blast from the crushed material V by the impact of
The blast which directly comes out to the shearing crusher E side is suppressed by the fixed type shielding plate 24 and is discharged to the outside from the blast escape port 5. Other crushing operations and the like are the same as those in the first embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted.

In any of the above-described embodiments, the final size of the crushed object V is determined by the gap i between the hammer 17 of the striking member S and the collision member T. Instead, a grate having a predetermined aperture may be provided around the lower casing 3, and the size of the object V to be crushed may be determined by the aperture of the grate. The configuration for determining the size of the crushed object V may be a combination of this great and the above-described embodiment, or may be another configuration.

Each of the above embodiments is an embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the invention according to this application. The invention according to this application is based on the above embodiment. It is not limited.

[0050]

The invention according to this application is implemented in the form described above, and has the following effects.

The material to be crushed is sheared at a low speed to coarsely crush the material, and the coarsely crushed material is impact-crushed at a high speed to finely crush the material. Continuous crushing becomes possible. In addition, by providing a shield plate at the supply port of the sheared crushed object, it is possible to effectively prevent the crushed object supplied to the impact type crusher from returning to the shear type crusher.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a first embodiment of a crusher according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line AA of the crushing device shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a front view of the crushing device shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a collision member provided in the crushing device of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a second embodiment of the crushing device of the invention according to this application.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Crusher main body 2 ... Upper casing 3 ... Lower casing 3a ... Bottom plate 3c ... Crushed material discharge chute 4 ... Input chute 5 ... Explosion vent 8 ... Flange 9 ... Rotary shaft 10 ... Cutter 11 ... Spacer 12 ... Supply port 13 ... Movable shielding plate 13a ... Support part 14 ... Rotating shaft 15 ... Lower plate 16 ... Support pin 17 ... Hammer 18 ... Gap adjusting plate 19 ... Cover 19a ... Protrusion 21 ... Ground 22 ... Motor 24 ... Fixed shielding plate i ... Gap j: Gap S: Impact member T: Collision member Tb: Collider V: Object to be crushed E: Shear crusher G: Impact crusher M: Crusher

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) B02C 21/00-21/02 B02C 13/00-13/31 B02C 18/00-18/44

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A shearing crusher for shearing and crushing an object to be crushed introduced from an upper portion of a crusher main body, and an impact for crushing and crushing the object to be crushed by the shearing crusher. While arranging the type crusher in the longitudinal direction, disposing the shear type crusher offset from the rotation axis of the impact type crusher,
A supply port for supplying the crushed material crushed by the shear crusher to the impact crusher is formed, and a shield plate is provided at the supply port, and the shield is provided .
The cover plate is located almost at the outer periphery of the striking member provided in the impact type crusher.
A two-stage crusher, which is provided on a vertical extension line of the above . 2. A shield plate according to claim 1 Symbol placement of two-stage crushing apparatus characterized by being constituted by a shielding plate forming a plurality of openings to the supply port. 3. The shielding plate is constituted by a movable shielding plate whose lower part is swingable, and the movable shielding plate is swung toward the shearing crusher.
Is limited to a predetermined angle at which the movable shielding plate closes the supply port.
The two-stage crusher according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: