JP2902273B2 - Hammer crusher - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a waste product in which a resin or the like is adhered to a metal, such as a refrigerator (hereinafter referred to as a refrigerator).
More particularly, the present invention relates to a crusher for crushing an object to be crushed into a desired size and separating the crushed object into metal and resin.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, like a refrigerator, a crushed material D of a composite material in which a resin or the like is adhered to metal or adhered thereto.
Is crushed by a hammer mill M as shown in FIG. 11, and a crushed object D input from an input port 51 is impact crushed by a hammer 52 rotating at a high speed, and a gap 54 of a great 53 mounted around. The crushed material D smaller than that is discharged as a product,
The crushed material D larger than the crushed material was further subjected to impact crushing by the hammer 52 and was discharged when it became smaller than the great 53.

[0003] In the crushing by the hammer mill M, the material D to be crushed is crushed to a desired size by crushing by the impact of the hammer 52 and crushing by compression between the hammer 52 and the great 53, and the crushed object D is mounted around the periphery. 53 gaps 5
The structure is such that only the crushed material D smaller than 4 is discharged. Therefore, the crusher can control the maximum discharge size of the crushed material D.

[0004] The material to be crushed D
For example, since a refrigerator is a composite material in which a resin or the like is bonded to a metal, the resin is discharged in a state where the resin or the like is entangled with the metal. Then, the crushed object D
Has been disposed of in landfills.

[0005]

In recent years, instead of simply crushing and reclaiming waste, land resources are recovered, and limited resources are effectively reused (hereinafter referred to as recycling). There is a request to do.

As a means for recycling, a crushed material D made of a composite material in which the above-mentioned metal and resin are mixed is used.
In this case, it is possible to effectively recycle each resource only after separating metal and resin.

[0007] However, since the resin and the like are bonded to the metal in the above-described waste such as refrigerators, the resin or the like is merely added to the metal to reduce the size of the material to be crushed D even if crushed by the hammer mill M. It is discharged in a state where it adheres, that is, a state where the resin or the like is entangled with the metal.

Therefore, even if it is attempted to separate only the magnetic metal such as iron from the crushed material D in which the metal and the resin are mixed, for example, it is discharged to the magnet side while the metal or the like is entangled with the resin. As a result, it remains a composite material in which metal and resin are integrated. Since such materials to be crushed contain different materials for recycling, for example, scraps for iron and plastics companies for plastic have not taken over. That is, in the case of a composite material in which a metal, a resin, and the like are integrated, they cannot be recycled unless they are separated.

As described above, in the conventional hammer mill, the object to be crushed can be simply crushed into small pieces. However, the object to be crushed of a composite material in which metal and resin are integrated is made smaller. It could not be crushed and separated by material.

In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a hammer crusher capable of crushing an object to be crushed with a resin or the like adhered to a metal to a predetermined size and separating each of the materials so that the material can be recycled. The purpose is to provide.

[0011]

To achieve the above object, according to the Invention The hammer crusher in the first invention, Keshi
The ring, and inlet for introducing objects to be crushed, and Great for forming a crushing chamber for crushing the object to be crushed which supplied from-projecting inlet to discharge the objects to be crushed which is crushed in the crushing chamber below a predetermined size in a hammer crusher with, Keshi to the crushing chamber, provided with a rotor fitted with a plurality of hammers, the collision member having the hammer by a predetermined distance
From the input port on the inner surface of the rotor to the rear of the rotor.
Move the member from the casing inlet to the bottom of the casing.
A plurality of steps where the object to be crushed collides with the surface of the collision member , and the higher side of the step is attached to the input port side. It is characterized by having.

The hammer crusher according to the second aspect of the present invention is the same as the first aspect, wherein the rotor of the casing is
A grate is provided at the rear, and an aperture adjustment mechanism for adjusting the gap between the greats is provided .
A plate is provided and the plates are arranged in a staggered manner.
The great member arranged by
And a driving means for rotating .

[0013]

According to the structure of the first aspect of the present invention, the crushed object put into the crushing chamber from the input port is hit by the hammer mounted on the rotor, and the hit crushed object is placed in the crushing chamber provided in the crushing chamber. It is crushed by colliding with the member. Since this collision member has a plurality of steps formed on the surface, the object to be crushed repeats multiple collisions between the hammer and the collision member.

Further, since the collision member is provided so as to have a predetermined distance from the hammer, a torsion force acts on the object to be crushed which collides with the step at this distance, so that the metal and the resin are separated. The crushed material made of the composite material is separated from each other.

The crushed material having a size equal to or smaller than the predetermined size of the great is discharged through the great.

Further, according to the configuration of the second aspect of the present invention, the discharge size of the material to be crushed in the first aspect of the invention can be adjusted by adjusting the gap (opening) of the great by the aperture adjusting mechanism.

[0017]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a hammer crusher according to a first embodiment of the present invention, which is an AA section in FIG. 2, and FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a rotor center in FIG. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the rotor, and FIG. 4 is a view taken in the direction of arrow B in FIG.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a casing 1 forming an outer shell of the hammer crusher C is provided with an inlet 2 at an upper part, and an outlet 3 at a lower part, and a crushing chamber is provided therebetween. 4 are provided. A rotor 5 is provided in the crushing chamber 4, and the rotor 5 is supported by a drive shaft 7 supported by bearings 6 in the casing 1. The drive shaft 7 is configured such that a pulley 8 provided at an end thereof is driven by a motor (not shown).

The rotor 5 is formed by fixing a plurality of disks 5a and spacers 5b to a drive shaft 7 as shown in FIG. 2, and a predetermined position of the disks 5a is a hammer for crushing an object to be crushed. Support shaft 1 supporting 9
0 is provided. The support shaft 10 is provided so as to penetrate the plurality of disks 5a, and is attached by fixing the fixing members 10a to the side surfaces of the disks 5a at both ends.

A plurality of hammers 9 are mounted on the support shaft 10. In this embodiment, three hammers 9 are provided in the width direction as shown in FIG.
Two rings are provided at shifted positions, and three ring-shaped hammers 9 are respectively mounted at positions shifted by 90 ° between the hammers 9. Therefore, the entire rotor 5 has 12
Two hammers 9 are mounted. Further, a cover 11 for protecting the disk 5a and the support shaft 10 is provided in the width direction between the hammers 9, and is held by inserting the base into the support shaft 10.

On the other hand, a collision member 12 is provided on the inner surface of the casing 1 located below the hammer 9.
As shown in FIG. 1, in this embodiment, the collision member 12 is formed by arranging a plurality of U-shaped members 12a in parallel with no gap. The U-shaped member 12a has different heights on both sides, and is attached so that the higher side faces the inlet 2 side, whereby a convex step portion 12b serving as a plurality of collision portions is formed on the surface. This constitutes the formed collision member 12.

The collision member 12 gradually moves the hammer 9 from the inlet 2 side of the casing 1 to the lowermost portion of the casing.
Are provided so as to be narrower, and are provided such that substantially the same interval is maintained from the lowermost portion to the rear of the rotor 5.

The casing 1 behind the rotor 5 is
It is formed so as to protrude upward, and a liner 13 on which an object D to be crushed hit by the hammer 9 collides is provided at the upper end.

Further, a grate 14 is provided above the outlet 3 provided in the lower part of the casing 1. As shown in FIG. 4, the great 14 is provided with a plurality of bars 14a, and a gap E (opening) between the bars 14a.
The size of the crushed material D to be discharged is determined.

A swivel arm 15 is provided below the grate 14 for removing the crushed material D clogged in the gap E between the grates 14. Great 14
Turns so as to protrude through the gap E.

According to the hammer crusher C according to the first embodiment of the present invention configured as described above, a crushed object D made of a composite material in which metal and resin are entangled is crushed as follows. And it can be separated into metal and resin.

First, the rotor 5 is rotated by rotating the drive shaft 7, and the hammer 9 mounted on the rotor 5 is rotated at a predetermined peripheral speed. After the hammer 9 is rotated in this way, when the crushed object D is input from the input port 2, the hammer 9 hits the crushed object D and collides with the collision member 12.

Since the collision member 12 is attached so that the higher side is located on the side of the input port 2, the collision member 12
The crushed object D is provided on the plurality of convex steps 12b formed on the surface of
Moves to the lower part of the casing 1 while colliding. The crushed material D transferred downward with the rotation of the hammer 9 repeatedly collides between the hammer 9 and the collision member 12 a plurality of times, and also repeatedly collides from the lower part of the casing 1 to the rear of the casing. While being hammered between the hammer 9 and the collision member 12, it is crushed while being twisted.

The most characteristic feature of the present invention is that the crusher is crushed while twisting between the hammer 9 and the collision member 12. The crushed object D is formed on the surface of the hammer 9 and the collision member 12. By repeating collision and torsion between the plurality of convex step portions 12b, a torsion effect (a function of twisting between the hammer and the liner).
Therefore, even if the material to be crushed D in which metal and resin or the like are adhered or adhered can be reduced to a predetermined size and separated.

As described above, since the distance S between the hammer 9 and the collision member 12 is formed so as to gradually decrease toward the lowermost portion of the casing 1, the material D to be crushed introduced from the charging port 2 is moved to the lowermost portion of the casing 1. To increase the crushing effect, and even during this time, the resin and the like can be separated so as to peel off the resin and the like. Further, since substantially the same interval S is maintained from the lowermost portion of the casing 1 to the rear of the rotor 5, the crushed material D during this time acts to twist together with the collision,
By crushing the to-be-crushed object D between the hammer 9 and the collision member 12 in a twisting manner, the metal and the resin can be separated by a grinding action.

The object D to be crushed by the hammer crusher C is not limited to the one that is easily deformed by the impact of the hammer 9, and a large load may be applied to the hammer 9 at the time of the impact.

However, as shown in FIG. 1, the hammer 9 is mounted so as to be rotatable with respect to the support shaft 10 and to be movable within a predetermined range, and the hammer 9 is rotated by the centrifugal force generated when the rotor rotates. It is configured to rotate in a state of protruding from and to hit the crushed material D.

Therefore, when the object D to be crushed inserted between the hammer 9 and the collision member 12 does not easily deform, or when an excessive load is generated, the hammer 9
Escapes in an arbitrary direction so that the load is not transmitted to the support shaft 10.

In the above embodiment, two hammers 9 provided around the rotor 5 are connected to the adjacent hammers 9 and 90.
Although the two hammers 9 are provided on the same circumference with a phase shift, the rotation of the rotor 5 is fast. In order to prevent the crushed material D from coming into contact with the crushed material D too much, and to prevent the crushed material D from biting, the hammer 9 returns the crushed material D to the inlet 2 side. And by doing so,
The bite of the crushed material D is improved, and the crushing effect is improved.

The crushed material D, which has been crushed and separated as described above, is driven upward by the hammer 9 toward the rear of the casing 1, collides with the liner 13 provided on the inner surface of the casing 1, and falls on the grate 14. Fall. The crushed material D smaller than the gap E of the great 14 falls to the discharge port 3, but the crushed material D larger than the gap E again falls to the crushing chamber 4. The crushed material D having substantially the same width as the gap E of the great 14 may be clogged in the great 14, but the crushed object D is again scraped into the crushing chamber 4 by the swivel arm 15 that rotates between the gaps E of the great 14. Is configured. Then, it is ground again in the crushing chamber 4 between the hammer 9 and the collision member 12, and is discharged to the discharge port 3 when it becomes smaller than the gap E of the great 14.

The cover 11 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is a consumable item and can be replaced as appropriate. However, since the hammer 9 and the cover 11 are both supported by the support shaft 10, the support shaft 10 is removed. Thus, it can be easily replaced. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, a liner 13 is provided in the casing 1 to prevent abrasion. The rod liner 13a can be easily replaced by inserting and removing the rod liner 13a from the side of the casing 1.

Further, in the above embodiment, since a ring hammer having a plurality of protrusions formed around the hammer 9 is used, even if a part of the hammer 9 is worn, the other protrusions may cause the material to be crushed D. , The hammer 9 needs to be replaced less frequently.

In the above embodiment, the collision member 12 is formed by arranging a plurality of U-shaped members 12a in parallel. However, the collision member 12 is not particularly limited. What is necessary is just to form the some convex step part 12b.

The object D to be crushed by the hammer crusher C according to the present invention is entangled differently depending on the product before the disposal. For example, in a refrigerator or the like, since a heat insulating material is contained therein, the metal and the resin are firmly stuck, and the washing machine and the like are easily separated because the metal and the resin are separated from each other. Is configured.

Therefore, it is determined whether or not the metal and the resin can be easily separated from each other depending on how the crushed material D is entangled.
The size of the crushed material D to be discharged is divided by adjusting the gap E of the great 14 and the hammer 9 is hit or the hammer 9 and the collision member 1 are separated until the crushed material D reaches a predetermined size.
2 is repeated.

In other words, the crushed material D that does not pass through the gap E of the great 14 judges that the metal and the resin or the like will not be separated yet, and if the metal and the resin or the like are strongly entangled, the great By narrowing the gap E of 14, the hammer 9 in the crushing chamber 4 or the twisting action between the collision member 12 is repeatedly performed. E to make the hammer 9 hit or impact
The gap E of the great 14 is adjusted so that the twisting effect between the two members is reduced and the efficiency is optimized for separating different members.

Next, a description will be given of a second embodiment of the present invention in which the gap of the great is adjustable with reference to a perspective view of the great shown in FIG. Note that the second embodiment is another embodiment in which the configuration of the great in the above-described first embodiment is changed.
Structures other than the above are the same as those in the first embodiment, and thus are omitted, and only the structure for the great will be described. Also,
In this second embodiment, a rectangular gap E (opening) may be formed in plan view.
Is also referred to as aperture E.

In the second embodiment, an aperture adjusting mechanism F for adjusting the gap (aperture) of the great is provided.
The size of the crushed material discharged to the outside of the machine can be easily adjusted by adjusting the great gap E (opening). As shown in the drawing, a plurality of substantially oval plates 17 are fixed to a rotatably provided shaft 16 at predetermined intervals to form a great member 18, and the plate 1 of the great member 18 is formed.
7 are arranged in a staggered manner.
Are arranged in parallel to form a great 19, and drive means (motor, gear, belt, chain, etc.) (not shown) for rotating each shaft 16 of the great 19 are provided.
The aperture adjusting mechanism F that adjusts the aperture E by independently or selectively rotating the great member 18 is configured.

According to the second embodiment configured as described above, the minimum aperture shown in the side view and plan view of FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b) is changed to that of FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b). Intermediate state shown in side view and plan view,
The aperture E can be adjusted to an arbitrary value up to the maximum state shown in the side and plan views of FIGS. 8 (a) and 8 (b).

That is, as shown in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b), the longitudinal direction of all the plates 17 is changed by a driving means (not shown) in the horizontal direction in a plan view when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the direction in which the great members 18 are arranged. When the shaft 16 is rotated so as to form, a vertically elongated substantially square opening E is formed between each plate 17 and the shaft 16. The aperture E at this time is the minimum aperture in the second embodiment.

As shown in FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b), the predetermined axes 1 are arranged such that the plates 17 of the staggered great members 18 alternate in the horizontal and vertical directions in plan view.
When the plate 6 is rotated, a horizontally elongated substantially square opening E is formed between each plate 17 and the shaft 16. This opening E is
The size of the opening E is approximately twice the size of the opening E in FIG. 6, and is an intermediate opening in the second embodiment.

As shown in FIGS. 8 (a) and 8 (b), if the shafts 16 are rotated so that all the plates 17 are in the vertical direction in plan view, there is no horizontal space between the shafts 16. A substantially groove-shaped opening E (gap) continuous in the direction is formed. The opening E is the largest opening E in the second embodiment, and has the same shape as the gap E in the first embodiment.

As described above, the great 1 in the second embodiment is
9, the aperture E is adjusted to a desired size (opening) by selectively rotating the great members 18 arranged in a plurality of rows in parallel, and the size of the crushed material D to be discharged is adjustable. I have.

Therefore, according to the second embodiment, it is possible to easily adjust the aperture E of the great 19,
Thus, the size of the crushed material to be discharged can be easily adjusted. Further, in this case, even if the crushed material D is clogged between the great members 18, it can be easily removed by rotating the great members 18.

Further, as in the third embodiment shown in the perspective view of FIG. 9, the two plates 17 are located between the great member 18 of the second embodiment and the plate 17 of the great member 18. If the grate 21 is formed by alternately providing the fixed grate members 20, the aperture E can be further finely adjusted by selectively setting the grate member 18 or the plate 17 of the grate member 20 vertically in a plan view. It becomes possible.

Further, as in a fourth embodiment shown in a perspective view of FIG. 10, a plurality of rows of rotatable flat plate-like great members 22 are provided in parallel to form greats 23, and each great member 22 is formed.
The aperture adjustment mechanism F is configured such that the apertures are independently or selectively rotated by a predetermined angle by driving means (not shown), and the aperture E (gap) is adjusted by adjusting the rotation angle of each of the great members 23. You may make it.

In the second to fourth embodiments, the aperture adjusting mechanism F is constituted by rotating the great members 18, 20, 22.
The aperture E is adjustable by sliding the axis of the great member 22 set at a predetermined angle along a guide (not shown), as shown by a dashed line in FIG. An aperture adjustment mechanism may be used, or an aperture adjustment mechanism combining these may be used.

[0053]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the object to be crushed introduced through the inlet is crushed so as to twist between the hammer and the collision member. Even an object can be crushed to a predetermined size and separate metal and resin.

Therefore, it is possible to recycle the metal and the resin, etc., respectively, which has the effect of contributing to the effective use of important resources.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the aperture of the great can be easily adjusted by providing the aperture adjusting mechanism for adjusting the gap between the greats, the aperture is discharged from the outlet through the great. The size of the object to be crushed can be easily adjusted.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing a hammer crusher according to a first embodiment of the present invention, which is an AA section in FIG.

FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the center of the rotor of the hammer crusher according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a rotor plan view of the hammer crusher according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a view of the hammer crusher according to the present invention viewed from an arrow B in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a great according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrams showing a minimum aperture state of the great shown in FIG. 5, wherein FIG. 6A is a side view and FIG.

FIGS. 7A and 7B are drawings showing an intermediate state of the great opening shown in FIG. 5, wherein FIG. 7A is a side view and FIG.

FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams showing a maximum aperture state of the great shown in FIG. 5, in which FIG. 8A is a side view and FIG. 8B is a plan view.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a great according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a great according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a side sectional view showing a conventional hammer mill.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Casing 2 ... Input port 3 ... Discharge port 4 ... Crushing chamber 5 ... Rotor 9 ... Hammer 10 ... Support shaft 12 ... Collision member 12b ... Step 14 ... Great 15 ... Swivel arm 16 ... Shaft 17 ... Plate 18, 20, 22: Great member 19, 21, 23 ... Great C ... Hammer crusher D ... Crushed object E ... Gap (aperture) S ... Interval F ... Aperture adjustment mechanism

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] To 1. A casing, and inlet for introducing objects to be crushed, to form a crushing chamber for crushing the object to be crushed which supplied from-projecting inlet, the objects to be crushed crushing than a predetermined size said crushing chamber In the hammer crusher having a great discharge in the crushing chamber, a rotor provided with a plurality of hammers is provided in the crushing chamber, and a collision member having a predetermined interval with the hammers is provided through a charging port on the inner surface of the casing.
And colliding the collision member from the input port side of the casing.
The distance from the hammer gradually decreases to the bottom of the casing.
A plurality of steps are formed so that the object to be crushed collides with the surface of the collision member , and the higher side of the steps is directed toward the inlet.
A hammer crusher characterized by being attached . (2) The great is provided behind the rotor of the casing.
Provided, provided mesh adjusting mechanism for adjusting the gap between the Great, the said purpose opening adjustment mechanism, providing a plurality of plates in the axial
Gray with the plates arranged in a staggered pattern
And a driving hand for selectively rotating the great member
The hammer crusher according to claim 1, wherein the hammer crusher is provided with a step .