JP4904212B2 - Concrete waste material recycling apparatus and recycling method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for recycling concrete waste as aggregate.

  When concrete buildings such as buildings and bridges are demolished, a large amount of concrete waste is generated. Concrete is made by mixing sand and gravel, which are aggregates, and kneading them with water. It is desirable that these aggregates be reused. In general, these concrete waste materials are crushed to a particle size of 40 mm or less by a crusher, and used as recycled aggregates called RC40 for roadbed materials. However, by simply crushing concrete waste, cement adheres to the surface of the resulting aggregate, which is inferior in strength even when used again as concrete aggregate, and requires higher strength than roadbed materials. It could not be used as a structural material. There is a limit to the demand for roadbed materials, and in particular, concrete buildings constructed during the period of high economic growth have reached the end of their useful lives and have been demolished one after another. Establishing a method is an issue.

  In order to effectively reuse the waste concrete, separate the cement from the aggregate as much as possible, then coarse aggregate (with a particle size of approximately 5 mm or more) and fine aggregate (with a particle size of approximately 5 mm or less). It is necessary to sort them. Increasing the time of the crushing process or increasing the capacity of the apparatus can increase the cement separation rate, but also crush the aggregate itself and reduce the yield. Also, since cement becomes brittle by heating, there is a method of performing heat treatment before and after crushing treatment, but heating may change the crystal structure of the aggregate and reduce the strength, It is also a problem that large-scale equipment is required to heat the concrete waste material, and the cost is high.

Therefore, Document 1 and Document 2 have proposed a method for treating concrete waste that separates cement from aggregate without over-pulverizing the aggregate itself and without heating. In any of these, the concrete waste is subjected to a plurality of crushing (grinding) treatments, the cement (mortar) is separated from the aggregate, and sorted into coarse aggregate and fine aggregate.
JP 2006-306679 A JP 2004-41859 A

  However, the invention of Document 1 is a wet type in which two grinding machines introduce water together with concrete waste, and the specific gravity sorting device also throws concrete waste into the water tank. As described above, in the method using water, hexavalent chromium is eluted from the cement, and there is a problem that the cost for waste water treatment is increased. In addition, the invention of Document 2 is a dry type that does not introduce water and is intended to prevent over-pulverization, but since the ball mill with a crushing action is used, the original aggregate is pulverized to some extent. Is inevitable. In another example, a rod scrubber is used instead of a ball mill, and there is a description that the grinding action by rubbing is used, but this is because the rod is lifted by the rotation of the shell and falls. However, it cannot be denied that the original aggregate is crushed to some extent.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a concrete waste material recycling apparatus and a recycling method that can obtain the original aggregate as it is without heating and in a dry type.

The invention according to claim 1 of the present invention is a concrete waste material recycling apparatus for reclaiming coarse aggregate and fine aggregate from concrete waste material, wherein the rotational part is adjustable , and the upper part and the side part of the rotational part. A chevron-shaped fixed impact body provided apart from the rotating part, and the rotating part includes a horizontal rotating shaft, a disc-shaped rear plate attached to the horizontal rotating shaft, and the rear plate. They are oppositely disposed, a disk-shaped front side plate having an opening in the center, between the rear plate and the front plate, and includes a plurality of blades that are secured radially to the inlet at a position corresponding to the opening is provided, wherein a direction of a rotation axis of the rotating part and the crushing means the crush material is Ru is turned on, and the cylindrical shell rotates in one direction, in the interior of the shell A rotor arranged eccentrically and rotating in the opposite direction to the shell And a crushing means provided with a chevron-shaped liner formed on the inner surface of the shell, and an uneven edge formed on the surface of the rotor, and a blower for generating wind force for selecting fine powder. Sorting means.

The invention of claim 2 is a concrete waste material recycling method for recycling coarse aggregate and fine aggregate from concrete waste material, wherein the rotary part can be adjusted in rotation speed , and the upper part and the side part of the rotary part have the above-mentioned A chevron-shaped fixed impact body provided apart from the rotating portion, and the rotating portion is opposed to the horizontal rotating shaft, a disk-shaped rear plate attached to the horizontal rotating shaft, and the rear plate. A disk-shaped front plate having an opening at the center, and a plurality of blades fixed radially between the rear plate and the front plate, the opening It has inlet is provided in a position corresponding to, by crushing means from the rotation axis direction the crush material is Ru is turned of the rotary part, and crushing the inserted concrete waste under constant grain diameter or less, and aggregate surface Peel off some of the cement adhering to A crushing step, a cylindrical shell that rotates in one direction, a rotor that is eccentrically disposed inside the shell and rotates in a direction opposite to the shell, and a mountain-shaped liner formed on the inner surface of the shell; The concrete scraps crushed to a certain particle size or less by the crushing step by the grinding means provided with uneven edges formed on the surface of the rotor adhere to the aggregate surface by mutual scouring action. A grinding process for further exfoliating the cement, and a sorting process for removing the fine powder and sorting the concrete waste into fine aggregate and cement by a sorting means equipped with a blower that generates wind power for sorting the fine powder. It is characterized by providing.

  According to the present invention, the waste concrete can be regenerated to the original coarse aggregate and fine aggregate very efficiently by the two treatments by the crushing means and the grinding means. At this time, since heating is not required, the aggregate itself is not deteriorated. Moreover, since it is a dry type which does not introduce water, wastewater treatment is not necessary. The crushing means crushes the thrown-in concrete waste material to a certain particle size or less by colliding with the blade and the fixed impact body, but it is possible to prevent excessive crushing by adjusting the rotation speed of the rotating part. . In addition, since the rotating part is simply a blade fixed to the disk-shaped front side plate and rear side plate, the concrete waste material does not stay in one place and is not affected by torsion or abrasion. Can be suppressed to a small amount. On the other hand, in the grinding means, the cement adhering to the surface of the coarse aggregate and fine aggregate is peeled off due to the rubbing and rubbing action between the concrete waste materials, and it is difficult to crush by the collision action and mixed dropping with the bar. It is possible to adjust the grain size, round the corners of the concrete waste material, and obtain the same quality as river gravel. The sorting means sorts out the fine powder by wind power, and can sort out the extra fine powder with high accuracy.

  The concrete structure of the concrete waste material recycling apparatus of this invention is demonstrated based on each drawing. As shown in FIG. 1, the concrete waste material recycling apparatus of the present invention includes a raw hopper 100, a jaw crusher 200, a first magnetic separator 300, a crushing means 400, a second magnetic separator 500, and a first screen 600. , A grinding means 700, a second screen 800, and a sorting means 900.

  The raw stone hopper 100 stores concrete waste (crushed stone) C generated by demolishing a concrete building. The jaw crusher 200 sandwiches crushed stone between a fixed plate and a movable plate that reciprocates with respect to the fixed plate, and compresses and crushes. Furthermore, the 1st magnetic separator 300 and the 2nd magnetic separator 500 remove iron from the crushed stone which moves on a belt conveyor with the force of a magnet. The first screen 600 and the second screen 800 are general vibration screens. Further, the sorting unit 900 is a specific gravity sorter that sorts objects based on the difference in specific gravity using the vibration of the inclined deck and the wind power of the blower.

  The crushing means 400 is shown in FIG. (A) is a side view, (b) is the perspective view which displayed the AA line cross section. A housing 440 in which the rotating unit 410 and the like are accommodated, and a driving device 460 are provided on the substrate 450. The rotating portion 410 is a disc-shaped rear plate 412 and a disc shape having the same size as the rear plate 412, and a front plate 413 having a circular opening 414 in the center, and between the rear plate 412 and the front plate 413. 10 blades 415 fixed radially, and the rear plate 412 is connected to the driving device 460 via a horizontal rotation shaft 411. In addition, a mountain-shaped fixed impact body 420 is provided in a portion facing the upper part and the side part of the rotation unit 410 inside the housing 440 so as to be separated from the rotation unit 410. Furthermore, a bottom plate 430 having a plurality of passage holes 431 (only part of which is shown in FIG. 2B) is provided at the lower portion of the rotating portion 410. An input port 470 is provided outside the housing 440 at a position corresponding to the opening 414 of the rotating unit 410, and a discharge port 451 is provided at a position corresponding to the lower side of the bottom plate 430 of the substrate 450. . The driving device 460 includes a general electric motor or the like.

  The attrition means 700 is shown in FIG. (A) is a front view, (b) is a perspective view. A cylindrical shell 710 is provided on the substrate 750. A convex guide rail 735 is formed on the surface of the shell 710 in the circumferential direction, and the guide rail 735 is in contact with a support wheel 730 provided on the substrate 750 to support the shell 710. A shell driving device 740 is provided on the substrate 750 to rotate the shell 710. Further, a mountain-shaped liner 715 is spirally formed on the inner side surface of the shell 710. In addition, a cylindrical rotor 720 is provided in the shell 710 at a position eccentric with respect to the center of the shell 710. Both ends of the rotor 720 are supported outside the shell 710 (the support portion on the front side is omitted in FIG. 3), and the rotor 720 is rotationally driven in a direction opposite to the shell 710 by the rotor driving device 760. An uneven edge 725 is formed on the surface of the rotor 720. One end of the shell 710 is provided with an insertion port 770 for introducing crushed stone, and the other end of the shell 710 is provided with an annular adjustment plate 780. The larger the adjustment plate 780, the larger the adjustment plate 780 becomes. The crushed stone stays in the shell 710 for a long time and is subjected to a treatment for a long time. The crushed stone is discharged downward from the other end of the shell 710 through the discharge port 751 provided in the substrate 750. Note that the shell driving device 740 and the rotor driving device 760 are made of a general electric motor or the like.

  Next, the processing flow of the concrete waste material by the concrete waste material recycling apparatus of the present invention will be described. Concrete waste (crushed stone) C generated by demolishing a concrete building or the like is first stored in the rough hopper 100. Since the crushed stone is generally about 300 mm to 600 mm in size and brought from the dismantling site in various places, its quality varies, and impurities such as reinforcing bars are also mixed.

  The crushed stone stored in the rough hopper 100 is then put into the jaw crusher 200 and crushed. This crushing is for making the crushed stone small enough to be processed by the subsequent crushing means 400, and the crushed stone is crushed to a size of about 100 mm to 150 mm.

  Thereafter, the crushed stone is carried by the belt conveyor, and the first magnetic separator 300 removes iron 1400 such as reinforcing bars. If the metal is mixed in the crushed stone, the quality of the regenerated aggregate is deteriorated and the subsequent processing apparatus may be damaged. Therefore, the iron content is removed by the first magnetic separator 300.

  Subsequently, the crushed stone is crushed by the crushing means 400. Since the crushed stone thrown into the crushing means 400 is crushed by repeatedly colliding with the rotating blade 415 and the fixed impact body 420, the crushed stone is not subjected to torsion or wear and does not generate fine powder. Then, by adjusting the rotation speed of the rotating portion 410 to adjust the strength of the collision action, only the soft cement on the surface of the crushed stone can be peeled to some extent, and the hard aggregate can be left as it is. In addition, because of the structure of the crushing means 400, there is no place where crushed stones stay, and the crushed stone is quickly discharged from the discharge port 451, so that it is not excessively crushed.

  The crushed stone crushed by the crushing means 400 is subjected to the process of removing the iron content 1400 again by the second magnetic separator 500. The second magnetic separator 500 is the same as the first magnetic separator 300, but finer iron can be removed by performing magnetic separation again after the crushed stone is finely crushed by the crushing means 400.

  Subsequently, the crushed stone is sorted by the first screen 600 based on 40 mm. The crushed stone having a particle size larger than 40 mm is sent again to the crushing means 400 and repeatedly crushed until the particle size becomes 40 mm or less. Crushed stone having a particle size of 40 mm or less is sent to the next grinding means 700. Moreover, the switch S may be provided in the middle of the flow path of the crushed stone, and the crushed stone crushed to 40 mm or less may be taken out as it is as the aggregate 1000 (RC40).

  The crushed stone selected to 40 mm or less by the first screen 600 is ground by the grinding means 700. In the grinding means 700, as shown in FIG. 4, a shell 710 having a mountain-shaped liner 715 and a rotor 720 having an uneven edge 725 rotate in opposite directions, whereby the crushed stone C and the shell 710 are rotated. A dense pressure P is applied in a concentrated manner in a narrow part of the gap of the rotor 720. In addition, the crushed stone C bites into the mountain-shaped liner 715 provided on the shell 710 and the uneven edge 725 provided on the rotor 720, respectively, so that the crushed stone C is surely prevented from slipping inside the shell 710. The rubbing action between each other works. In this way, a strong pressure P is applied to the crushed stone C, and the scouring action between the aggregates contained in the crushed stone C works, whereby the cement on the aggregate surface that could not be peeled off by the crushing means 400 is peeled off. The corners of the aggregate are rounded, and quality equivalent to river gravel can be obtained.

  The crushed stones ground by the grinding means 700 are selected by the second screen 800 based on 20 mm and 5 mm. The crushed stone having a particle size larger than 20 mm is sent again to the grinding means 700 and repeatedly ground until the particle size becomes 20 mm or less. Crushed stone having a particle size larger than 5 mm and not larger than 20 mm is taken out as coarse aggregate 1100 (RC20-05). Crushed stone having a particle size of 5 mm or less is sent to the next sorting means 900.

  The crushed stone sorted to 5 mm or less by the second screen 800 is further sorted by the sorting means 900. Since the crushed stone is a mixture of sand, cement, and fine powder, the fine powder is blown off by the wind power of the blower, and the cement having a small specific gravity and the sand having a large specific gravity are selected by vibration of the deck. The fine powder is collected by a dust collector 950, and the cement 1300 and sand are respectively taken out. The sand becomes fine aggregate 1200 (RC05).

  As described above, the concrete waste is sorted into coarse aggregate having a particle size of 20 mm to 5 mm, fine aggregate having a particle size of 5 mm or less, and cement by the present recycling apparatus. As a result of actually treating the concrete waste with this recycling apparatus, the composition ratio of fine aggregate was 19% cement, 1% asphalt, and 80% aggregate (all by weight, the same applies hereinafter). In general concrete, the cement adhering to fine aggregate is estimated to be about 42% (when the water-cement ratio is 0.5), so nearly 70% of the adhering cement could be peeled off. become. In addition, when the fine aggregate selected by skipping the processing by the grinding means in the present regeneration apparatus was further subjected to scouring and rubbing by hand, the composition ratio of the fine aggregate was 14% cement, asphalt 1 % And aggregate 85%. This rubbing and rubbing treatment was performed over about 20 minutes using a mortar and adjusting the force so as not to crush the aggregate. As a treatment for peeling the cement without crushing the aggregate, It is considered that obtaining the ratio of the degree is the limit. Therefore, the processing by the recycling apparatus of the present invention can achieve an effect close to the limit of manual processing while being a mass processing by a machine, and greatly contributes to the recycling and reuse of concrete waste materials.

  The concrete waste material recycling apparatus and the recycling method of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiment, and each component can be replaced with a different one as long as an equivalent effect is exhibited. Also, some of the components may be omitted.

The schematic diagram of the concrete waste material reproduction | regeneration apparatus of this invention. The side view and perspective view which show the crushing means. The front view and perspective view which show grinding means. The schematic diagram explaining the effect | action of a grinding means.

Explanation of symbols

400 Crushing means 410 Rotating part 411 Horizontal rotating shaft 412 Rear side plate 413 Front side plate 414 Opening part 415 Blade 420 Fixed impact body 700 Grinding means 710 Shell 715 Liner 720 Rotor 725 Edge 900 Sorting means

Claims (2)

A concrete waste material recycling apparatus that regenerates coarse aggregate and fine aggregate from concrete waste,
A rotation part (410) capable of adjusting the rotation speed ; and a mountain-shaped fixed impact body (420) provided on the upper part and the side part of the rotation part (410) at a distance from the rotation part (410). The rotating part (410) is disposed to face the horizontal rotating shaft (411), the disc-shaped rear plate (412) attached to the horizontal rotating shaft (411), and the rear plate (412). A plurality of blades (415) that are radially fixed between a disc-shaped front plate (413) having an opening (414) in the center, and the rear plate (412) and the front plate (413). ) and has provided a charging port (470) have is provided at a position corresponding to the opening (414), crushed object to be crushed from the rotational axis of the rotating part (410) of Ru is turned Means (400);
A cylindrical shell (710) that rotates in one direction, a rotor (720) that is eccentrically disposed in the shell (710) and rotates in the opposite direction to the shell (710), and the shell (710) Grinding means (700) comprising: a mountain-shaped liner (715) formed on the inner surface of the rotor; and an uneven edge (725) formed on the surface of the rotor (720);
Sorting means (900) comprising a blower for generating wind power for sorting fines;
A concrete waste material recycling apparatus comprising: A concrete waste recycling method for recycling coarse aggregate and fine aggregate from concrete waste,
A rotation part (410) capable of adjusting the rotation speed ; and a mountain-shaped fixed impact body (420) provided on the upper part and the side part of the rotation part (410) at a distance from the rotation part (410). The rotating part (410) is disposed to face the horizontal rotating shaft (411), the disc-shaped rear plate (412) attached to the horizontal rotating shaft (411), and the rear plate (412). A plurality of blades (415) that are radially fixed between a disc-shaped front plate (413) having an opening (414) in the center, and the rear plate (412) and the front plate (413). ) and has provided a charging port (470) have is provided at a position corresponding to the opening (414), crushed object to be crushed from the rotational axis of the rotating part (410) of Ru is turned By means of (400) A crushing step of crushing under Teitsubu diameter or less, and thereby separating the portion of cement adhering to the aggregate surface,
A cylindrical shell (710) that rotates in one direction, a rotor (720) that is eccentrically disposed in the shell (710) and rotates in the opposite direction to the shell (710), and the shell (710) Constant by the crushing step by a grinding means (700) comprising a mountain-shaped liner (715) formed on the inner surface of the rotor and an uneven edge (725) formed on the surface of the rotor (720). About the concrete waste material crushed to a particle size or less, a grinding process for further peeling the cement adhering to the aggregate surface by mutual scouring action,
A sorting step of removing fine powder and sorting concrete waste into fine aggregate and cement by sorting means (900) including a blower that generates wind power for sorting fine powder,
A concrete waste material recycling method comprising:

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