EP0702598B1 - Impact crusher - Google Patents

Impact crusher Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0702598B1
EP0702598B1 EP94920436A EP94920436A EP0702598B1 EP 0702598 B1 EP0702598 B1 EP 0702598B1 EP 94920436 A EP94920436 A EP 94920436A EP 94920436 A EP94920436 A EP 94920436A EP 0702598 B1 EP0702598 B1 EP 0702598B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
impact
wall
impact crusher
crusher according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP94920436A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0702598A1 (en
Inventor
Hans Van Der Zanden
Hans-Joachim Dichter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VAN DER ZANDEN, ROSEMARIE
IHC Holland NV
Original Assignee
VAN DER ZANDEN Rosemarie
IHC Holland NV
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Publication of EP0702598A1 publication Critical patent/EP0702598A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
    • B02C13/18—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor
    • B02C13/1807—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor the material to be crushed being thrown against an anvil or impact plate
    • B02C13/1814—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor the material to be crushed being thrown against an anvil or impact plate by means of beater or impeller elements fixed on top of a disc type rotor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
    • B02C13/18—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor
    • B02C13/1807—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor the material to be crushed being thrown against an anvil or impact plate
    • B02C2013/1857—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor the material to be crushed being thrown against an anvil or impact plate rotating coaxially around the rotor shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
    • B02C13/18—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor
    • B02C13/1807—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor the material to be crushed being thrown against an anvil or impact plate
    • B02C2013/1871—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor the material to be crushed being thrown against an anvil or impact plate vertically adjustable

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an impact crusher with a plate-shaped rotor rotatably mounted about a vertical axis and a housing surrounding the latter with a wall forming a baffle surface, against the inside of which, with the rotor rotating, heaped material is thrown for the purpose of comminution, the inside of the wall forming the baffle surface of the housing is essentially designed in the manner of the jacket of at least one truncated cone widening downwards.
  • an impact crusher of the above type in which the rotor has two plates arranged one above the other, the lower one having a larger diameter than the upper one.
  • double-plate-shaped design of the rotor ensures that a part of the material rebounding from the outer wall of the housing is thrown against the impact surface a second time under the influence of centrifugal force.
  • the aim is to break the material only once, that is to say in the second stage, only to crush material that has not yet broken in the first stage, i.e. multiple comminution should be avoided to avoid a high fine fraction of the broken material .
  • an impact crusher known from DD-A-16983 with a frustoconical rotor must also be expected are, the upper end of which is covered by a stationary frustoconical hood, through which the material is transferred into an annular gap which is formed by the outer wall of the rotor and a surrounding, also frustoconical, but stationary housing wall.
  • blow bars are arranged both on the stationary outer wall formed by the housing and on the circumferential inner wall of the annular gap formed by the rotor, which are responsible for the particles of the broken or ground material passing through extremely uneven paths of movement.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an impact crusher of the type mentioned first, in which a largely and also uniform crushing of the material to be crushed is achieved with a comparatively low power required to drive the rotor by similar to the impact crusher of the last-mentioned type determined impact crushing is sought.
  • At least one insert is arranged below the rotor, the outside of which is also essentially designed in the manner of a truncated cone which widens downward, and in that the outside of the insert, which does not perform any relative movement with respect to the inside of the wall of the housing, also the inside of the wall of the housing form two baffles delimiting an annular gap between them for multiple comminution of the material.
  • the impact crusher according to the invention has the advantage that it is very powerful with a simple and compact structure and that the energy still present in the crushed material after impact on the first impact surface is used for further comminution processes and In this way, a very favorable comminution result is achieved, there being practically no collisions between crushed material particles with intersecting trajectories that increase the energy requirement due to internal friction and promote dust development. Rather, the crushed material passes through largely determinative tracks from the feed onto the crop receiving surface of the rotor until it leaves the crusher.
  • an impact crusher with a frustoconical rotor is known, the upper end of which is covered by a stationary frustoconical hood, through which the material is transferred into an annular gap which is conical and also surrounding the outer wall of the rotor and a truncated cone , but stationary housing wall is formed.
  • blow bars are arranged both on the stationary outer wall formed by the housing and on the circumferential inner wall formed by the rotor.
  • This known crusher is also not fully satisfactory in that the particles of the broken or ground material have extremely uneven trajectories and there is an undesirably high level of collision between good parts.
  • the uncontrolled collisions of crushed material in turn not only increase the power requirement of the impact crusher, but they also lead to an undesirably large fluctuation range in the particle size of the comminuted material, the fine particles of which impair quality furthermore also promote disruptive dust development.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an impact crusher of the type mentioned first, in which a largely and also uniform comminution of the material to be crushed is achieved with comparatively little power required to drive the rotor.
  • This object is achieved in that the inside of the wall of the housing forming the baffle is essentially designed in the manner of the shell of at least one truncated cone that widens downwards, that at least one insert is arranged below the rotor, the outside of which is also essentially according to Art a truncated cone widening downwards and that the inside of the wall of the housing and the outside of the insert which does not perform any relative movement form two baffles between them which delimit an annular gap for multiple comminution of the material.
  • the impact crusher according to the invention has the advantage that it is very powerful with a simple structure and that the energy still present in the material to be crushed after the impact on the first impact surface is used for further comminution processes and in this way a very favorable comminution result is achieved, it being practical none to increase the energy requirement due to internal friction and dust generation promoting collisions between crushed material particles with intersecting trajectories, the crushed material passes through largely determined paths from the task to the crop receiving surface of the rotor until it leaves the crusher.
  • FIG. 1 is a frame for a housing of an impact crusher consisting of a wall 2 and a cover 3.
  • a plate-shaped rotor 7 is fastened on a shaft 6 that can be driven by a motor 5 via a V-belt 4, on the crop receiving surface 8 of which guide elements 9, often referred to as baffle strips, are arranged for the material that can be poured through a hopper 10 in the lid 3 .
  • guide elements 9, often referred to as baffle strips are arranged for the material that can be poured through a hopper 10 in the lid 3 .
  • a fixed insert 11 which is designed in the manner of a stationary apron which extends downward from the edge of the rotor 7.
  • Both the wall 2 and the insert 11 essentially have the shape of truncated cones, the generatrix of which forms an angle ⁇ of 60 ° to 85 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis 15 of the shaft 6 (cf. FIG. 3).
  • FIGS. 3 to 5 show three different positions of the wall 2 relative to the cover 3, the annular gap 14 being the smallest in FIG. 3 and the largest in FIG. It is also indicated in FIGS. 3 to 5 that the crop receiving surfaces 8 of the rotor 7 can have different shapes. While a flat crop receiving surface 8 is shown in FIG. 4 as in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 shows a rotor 7 with a concave crop receiving surface 19 and FIG. 5 shows a rotor 7 with a convex crop receiving surface 20.
  • annular gap 21 with a decreasing cross-section can also be used.
  • Figures 2 to 6 show that the material to be broken 22 after hitting the rotor 7 at high speed initially thrown radially outwards against the inclined inside 13 of the wall 2 which it encounters at an angle of about 90 ° when viewed in the spin plane. Due to the inclination of the wall 2 to the longitudinal axis 15 of the shaft 6, the material 22 rebounds obliquely downward, in order then to the respective annular gap 14 or 21 towards an essentially zigzag-shaped path 23 indicated in FIGS. 3 to 5 happen.
  • the design of the wall 2 and the insert 11 and the resulting shape of the annular gap 14 or 21 reduce energy-consuming collisions between crushed material thrown outwards by the rotor 7 and rebounding from the inside 13 of the wall 2 and in this way suppress it to a great extent Dimensions of losses resulting from "internal friction" during the breaking process, with more intensive comminution of the material to be broken being achieved at the same time as a result of better use of energy.
  • the outer wall 2 and the wall of the insert 11 have exactly the shape of truncated cones which are produced by bending sheet metal strips corresponding to the shells of the truncated cones.
  • FIG. 7 shows a wall 2, which, like the part of the insert 11 that defines an annular gap 14 with it, consists of trapezoidal segments 24 and 25, which are connected to one another by welding in the region of their longitudinal sides. In all cases, the opposite surfaces of the wall 2 and the insert 11 are clad with wear-resistant baffle plates 26.
  • FIG. 8 shows that with a solution according to FIG. 2 there is the possibility of arranging baffle plates 26 at an angle to wall 2.
  • FIG. 9 schematically shows an impact crusher whose basic structure is similar to the impact crusher according to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the same reference numerals were used for FIG. 9 as in FIG. 1.
  • the crushed material in the impact crusher according to FIG. 9 is, as it were, in two stages by placing a further insert 27 below the insert 11.
  • Rotary movements can be introduced into the insert 27, which expediently take place in the opposite direction to the rotary movement of the rotor 7.
  • Due to the eccentric mounting of the insert 27 on a bushing 28 oversize particles of the comminuted material are subsequently subjected to a squeezing process and thus comminuted.
  • Due to the height-adjustable design of the wall 29 of the second stage enclosing the further insert 27, the annular space thereof can also be adapted to different circumstances.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Abstract

An impact crusher has a disk-shaped rotor rotatably mounted on a vertical axis and a housing that surrounds this rotor with a wall (2) that forms an impact surface. This wall is designed as a truncated cone and, together with the outer side (12) of an insert (11) enclosed within said wall, forms an annular gap (14) through which the material to be crushed passes on a zig-zag course, without significant collisions between portions of the material to be crushed.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Prallbrecher mit einem um eine vertikale Achse drehbar gelagerten tellerförmigen Rotor und einem diesen umgebenden Gehäuse mit einer eine Prallfäche bildenden Wand, gegen deren Innenseite bei umlaufendem Rotor auf diesen geschüttetes Gut zwecks Zerkleinerung geschleudert wird, wobei die die Prallfläche bildende Innenseite der Wand des Gehäuses im wesentlichen nach Art des Mantels mindestens eines sich nach unten erweiternden Kegelstumpfes ausgebildet ist.The invention relates to an impact crusher with a plate-shaped rotor rotatably mounted about a vertical axis and a housing surrounding the latter with a wall forming a baffle surface, against the inside of which, with the rotor rotating, heaped material is thrown for the purpose of comminution, the inside of the wall forming the baffle surface of the housing is essentially designed in the manner of the jacket of at least one truncated cone widening downwards.

Aus der EP-A-0.455.023 ist ein Prallbrecher der vorstehenden Art bekannt, bei dem der Rotor zwei übereinander angeordnete Teller aufweist, von denen der untere einen größeren Durchmesser als der obere hat. Durch diese gewissermaßen doppeltellerförmige Ausbildung des Rotors wird erreicht, daß ein Teil des von der Außenwand des Gehäuses zurückprallenden Gutes ein zweites Mal unter Fliehkrafteinwirkung gegen die Prallfläche geschleudert wird. Bei diesem insbesondere für Kakaobohnen bestimmten Prallbrecher ist man bestrebt, das Gut möglichst nur jeweils einmal zu brechen, d.h. in der zweiten Stufe lediglich in der ersten Stufe noch nicht gebrochenes Gut zu zerkleinern, d.h. eine Mehrfachzerkleinerung soll zur Vermeidung eines hohen Feinanteils des Bruchgutes vermieden werden. Dieses Ziel wird allerdings nur bedingt erreicht, da sich Zusammenstöße zwischen noch ungebrochenem und bereits durch den ersten Aufprall auf die Prallfläche gebrochenem Gutanteil bei diesem Prallbrecher ebensowenig vermeiden lassen, wie bei einem anderen aus der GB-A-376.760 bekannten Prallbrecher, bei dem die Prallfläche von der dem Rotor zugewandten Seite eines den Rotor umschließenden Brechgutgürtels gebildet wird. Die Zusammenstöße führen dazu, daß das aus dem Brecher austretende Gut einen vergleichsweise großen Anteil relativ feiner Partikel enthält.From EP-A-0.455.023 an impact crusher of the above type is known, in which the rotor has two plates arranged one above the other, the lower one having a larger diameter than the upper one. This, to a certain extent, double-plate-shaped design of the rotor ensures that a part of the material rebounding from the outer wall of the housing is thrown against the impact surface a second time under the influence of centrifugal force. In this impact crusher, which is particularly intended for cocoa beans, the aim is to break the material only once, that is to say in the second stage, only to crush material that has not yet broken in the first stage, i.e. multiple comminution should be avoided to avoid a high fine fraction of the broken material . However, this goal is only achieved to a limited extent, since there are clashes between the unbroken and can be avoided by this impact crusher just as little by the first impact on the impact surface as with another impact crusher known from GB-A-376.760, in which the impact surface is formed by the rotor-facing side of a crushed material belt surrounding the rotor. The collisions mean that the material emerging from the crusher contains a comparatively large proportion of relatively fine particles.

Mit unkontrollierten Kollisionen von Brechgutanteilen, die nicht nur den Leistungsbedarf des Prallbrechers erhöhen, sondern auch zu einer unerwünscht großen Schwankungsbreite der Partikelgröße des zerkleinerten Gutes sowie zur Staubentwicklung führen, muß auch bei einem aus der DD-A-16983 bekannten Prallbrecher mit einem kegelstumpfförmigen Rotor gerechnet werden, dessen oberes Ende durch eine stationäre kegelstumpfförmige Haube abgedeckt ist, durch die das Gut in einen Ringspalt überführt wird, der von der Außenwand des Rotors und einer diesen umschließenden, ebenfalls kegelstumpfförmigen, jedoch stationären Gehäusewand gebildet wird. Bei diesem Prallbrecher sind sowohl an der vom Gehäuse gebildeten stationären Außenwand als auch an der vom Rotor gebildeten umlaufenden Innenwand des Ringspaltes Schlagleisten angeordnet, die dafür verantwortlich sind, daß die Partikel des gebrochenen bzw. gemahlenen Gutes extrem ungleichmäßige Bewegungsbahnen durchlaufen.With an uncontrolled collision of crushed material, which not only increases the power requirement of the impact crusher, but also leads to an undesirably large fluctuation in the particle size of the comminuted material and to the development of dust, an impact crusher known from DD-A-16983 with a frustoconical rotor must also be expected are, the upper end of which is covered by a stationary frustoconical hood, through which the material is transferred into an annular gap which is formed by the outer wall of the rotor and a surrounding, also frustoconical, but stationary housing wall. In this impact crusher, blow bars are arranged both on the stationary outer wall formed by the housing and on the circumferential inner wall of the annular gap formed by the rotor, which are responsible for the particles of the broken or ground material passing through extremely uneven paths of movement.

Bei einem anderen, aus der DE-A-39.05.365 bekannten Prallbrecher ist ein tellerförmiger Rotor von einem Prallplattenkranz umgeben, dessen jeweils benachbarte Prallplatten sich radial nach außen erstreckende Zerkleinerungskanäle bilden, in denen eine Mehrfachzerkleinerung des Brechgutes stattfindet. Bei diesem Prallbrecher erfolgt die zur Zerkleinerung der Partikel notwendige Umwandlung ihrer kinetischen Energie in mechanische Spannung anders als bei den bisher beschriebenen Konstruktionen unter weitgehend determinierten Bedingungen, wobei allerdings die Anordnung des Rotors und des Prallplattenkranzes in einer Ebene gewisse Nachteile insbesondere baulicher Art mit sich bringt, und wobei zudem der Determinierung der Partikelbahnen durch die Kombination eines Rotors mit einem ruhenden Prallplattenkranz Grenzen gesetzt sind.In another impact crusher known from DE-A-39.05.365, a plate-shaped rotor is surrounded by a baffle plate ring, the adjacent baffle plates of which form comminution channels which extend radially outward and in which multiple crushing of the material to be crushed takes place. With this Impact crusher does the conversion of its kinetic energy into mechanical stress necessary for crushing the particles differently than in the constructions described so far under largely determined conditions, whereby the arrangement of the rotor and the baffle plate ring in one plane brings with it certain disadvantages, particularly of a structural nature, and where there are also limits to the determination of the particle paths through the combination of a rotor with a stationary baffle plate ring.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Prallbrecher der zuerst genannten Gattung zu schaffen, bei dem mit vergleichsweise geringer zum Antrieb des Rotors erforderlicher Leistung eine weitgehend und zudem gleichmäßige Zerkleinerung des Brechgutes erzielt wird, indem ähnlich wie bei dem Prallbrecher der zuletzt genannten Art eine möglichst determinierte Prallzerkleinerung angestrebt wird.The invention has for its object to provide an impact crusher of the type mentioned first, in which a largely and also uniform crushing of the material to be crushed is achieved with a comparatively low power required to drive the rotor by similar to the impact crusher of the last-mentioned type determined impact crushing is sought.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß unterhalb des Rotors mindestens ein Einsatz angeordnet ist, dessen Außenseite ebenfalls im wesentlichen nach Art eines sich nach unten erweiternden Kegelstumpfes ausgebildet ist, und daß die gegenüber der Innenseite der Wand des Gehäuses keine Relativbewegung ausführende Außenseite des Einsatzes mit der Innenseite der Wand des Gehäuses zwei zwischen sich einen Ringspalt begrenzende Prallflächen für eine Mehrfachzerkleinerung des Gutes bilden.This object is achieved in that at least one insert is arranged below the rotor, the outside of which is also essentially designed in the manner of a truncated cone which widens downward, and in that the outside of the insert, which does not perform any relative movement with respect to the inside of the wall of the housing, also the inside of the wall of the housing form two baffles delimiting an annular gap between them for multiple comminution of the material.

Der erfindungsgemäß Prallbrecher bietet den Vorteil, daß er bei einfachem und kompaktem Aufbau sehr leistungsfähig ist und daß bei ihm die im Brechgut nach dem Aufprall auf die erste Prallfläche noch vorhandene Energie für weitere Zerkleinerungsvorgänge genutzt und auf diese Weise ein sehr günstiges Zerkleinerungsergebnis erzielt wird, wobei es praktisch zu keinen den Energiebedarf durch innere Reibung erhöhenden und die Staubentwicklung fördernden Zusammenstößen zwischen Brechgutpartikeln mit sich kreuzenden Bewegungsbahnen kommt. Das Brechgut durchläuft von der Aufgabe auf die Gutaufnahmefläche des Rotors bis zum Verlassen des Brechers vielmehr weitgehend determinierende Bahnen.The impact crusher according to the invention has the advantage that it is very powerful with a simple and compact structure and that the energy still present in the crushed material after impact on the first impact surface is used for further comminution processes and In this way, a very favorable comminution result is achieved, there being practically no collisions between crushed material particles with intersecting trajectories that increase the energy requirement due to internal friction and promote dust development. Rather, the crushed material passes through largely determinative tracks from the feed onto the crop receiving surface of the rotor until it leaves the crusher.

Fortsetzung Seite 2 Absatz 2 der ursprünglichen Unterlagen.Continued from page 2 paragraph 2 of the original documents.

Aus der DD-PS 16 983 ist schließlich ein Prallbrecher mit einem kegelstumpfförmigen Rotor bekannt, dessen oberes Ende durch eine stationäre kegelstumpfförmige Haube abgedeckt ist, durch die das Gut in einen Ringspalt überführt wird, der von der Außenwand des Rotors und einer diesen umschließenden ebenfalls kegelstumpfförmigen, jedoch stationären Gehäusewand gebildet wird. Bei diesem Prallbrecher sind sowohl an der vom Gehäuse gebildeten stationären Außenwand als auch an der vom Rotor gebildeten umlaufenden Innenwand des Ringspaltes Schlagleisten angeordnet. Auch dieser bekannte Brecher vermag insofern nicht voll zu befriedigen, als bei ihm die Partikel des gebrochenen bzw. gemahlenen Gutes extrem ungleichmäßige Bewegungsbahnen durchlaufen und es in einem unerwünscht hohen Maße zu Zusammenstößen zwischen Gutanteilen kommt. Die unkontrollierten Kollisionen von Brechgutanteilen erhöhen wiederum nicht nur den Leistungsbedarf des Prallbrechers, sondern sie führen auch zu einer unerwünscht großen Schwankungsbreite der Partikelgröße des zerkleinerten Gutes, wobei dessen Qualität beeinträchtigende Feinstpartikel zudem erneut eine störende Staubentwicklung fördern.From DD-PS 16 983, finally, an impact crusher with a frustoconical rotor is known, the upper end of which is covered by a stationary frustoconical hood, through which the material is transferred into an annular gap which is conical and also surrounding the outer wall of the rotor and a truncated cone , but stationary housing wall is formed. In this impact crusher, blow bars are arranged both on the stationary outer wall formed by the housing and on the circumferential inner wall formed by the rotor. This known crusher is also not fully satisfactory in that the particles of the broken or ground material have extremely uneven trajectories and there is an undesirably high level of collision between good parts. The uncontrolled collisions of crushed material in turn not only increase the power requirement of the impact crusher, but they also lead to an undesirably large fluctuation range in the particle size of the comminuted material, the fine particles of which impair quality furthermore also promote disruptive dust development.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Prallbrecher der zuerst genannten Gattung zu schaffen, bei dem mit vergleichsweise geringer zum Antrieb des Rotors erforderlicher Leistung eine weitgehende und zudem gleichmäßige Zerkleinerung des Brechgutes erzielt wird. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die die Prallfläche bildende Innenseite der Wand des Gehäuses im wesentlichen nach Art des Mantels mindestens eines sich nach unten erweiternden Kegelstumpfes ausgebildet ist, daß unterhalb des Rotors mindestens ein Einsatz angeordnet ist, dessen Außenseite ebenfalls im wesentlichen nach Art eines sich nach unten erweiternden Kegelstumpfes ausgebildet ist und daß die Innenseite der Wand des Gehäuses und die gegenüber dieser keine Relativbewegung ausführende Außenseite des Einsatzes zwei zwischen sich einen Ringspalt begrenzende Prallflächen für eine Mehrfachzerkleinerung des Gutes bilden.The invention has for its object to provide an impact crusher of the type mentioned first, in which a largely and also uniform comminution of the material to be crushed is achieved with comparatively little power required to drive the rotor. This object is achieved in that the inside of the wall of the housing forming the baffle is essentially designed in the manner of the shell of at least one truncated cone that widens downwards, that at least one insert is arranged below the rotor, the outside of which is also essentially according to Art a truncated cone widening downwards and that the inside of the wall of the housing and the outside of the insert which does not perform any relative movement form two baffles between them which delimit an annular gap for multiple comminution of the material.

Der erfindungsgemäße Prallbrecher bietet den Vorteil, daß er bei einfachem Aufbau sehr leistungsfähig ist und daß bei ihm die im Brechgut nach dem Aufprall auf die erste Prallfläche noch vorhandene Energie für weitere Zerkleinerungsvorgänge genutzt und auf diese Weise ein sehr günstiges Zerkleinerungsergebnis erzielt wird, wobei es praktisch zu keinen den Energiebedarf durch innere Reibung erhöhenden und die Staubentwicklung fördernden Zusammenstößen zwischen Brechgutpartikeln mit sich kreuzenden Bewegungsbahnen kommt, das Brechgut durchläuft von der Aufgabe auf die Gutaufnahmefläche des Rotors bis zum Verlassen des Brechers vielmehr weitgehend determinierte Bahnen.The impact crusher according to the invention has the advantage that it is very powerful with a simple structure and that the energy still present in the material to be crushed after the impact on the first impact surface is used for further comminution processes and in this way a very favorable comminution result is achieved, it being practical none to increase the energy requirement due to internal friction and dust generation promoting collisions between crushed material particles with intersecting trajectories, the crushed material passes through largely determined paths from the task to the crop receiving surface of the rotor until it leaves the crusher.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und der nachstehenden Beschreibung mehrerer in der beigefügten Zeichnung dargestellter Ausführungsformen. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 teilweise im Schnitt die perspektivische Ansicht eines besonders einfach aufgebauten Prallbrechers,
  • Fig. 2 die Draufsicht auf den Rotor des Prallbrechers und die einen Ringraum begrenzenden Prallflächen,
  • Fig. 3 stark schematisiert die wesentlichen Teile des Prallbrechers gemäß Figur 1 mit einer konkaven Gutaufnahmefläche des Rotors in einer ersten Betriebsstellung,
  • Fig. 4 stark schematisiert die wesentlichen Teile eines Prallbrechers gemäß Figur 1 mit einer planen Gutaufnahmefläche des Rotors in einer zweiten Betriebsstellung,
  • Fig. 5 stark schematisiert die wesentlichen Teile eines Prallbrechers gemäß Figur 1 mit einer konvexen Gutaufnahmefläche des Rotors in einer dritten Betriebsstellung,
  • Fig. 6 stark schematisiert die wesentlichen Teile eines Prallbrechers gemäß Fig. 1 mit einem sich verjüngenden Ringraum zwischen den Prallflächen in einer der Figur 4 entsprechenden Betriebsstellung,
  • Fig. 7 eine der Draufsicht gemäß Figur 2 entsprechende Draufsicht auf einen Prallbrecher mit einem modifizierten Gehäuse und einem modifizierten Einsatz,
  • Fig. 8 eine der Draufsicht gemäß Figur 2 entsprechende Draufsicht eines mit Prallplatten ausgestatteten Prallbrechers gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 und
  • Fig. 9 einen Schnitt durch einen weiteren Prallbrecher, bei dem das Prallgut in einen Ringraum mit einem stehenden und einem rotierenden Einsatz zerkleinert wird.
Further details and features of the invention emerge from the subclaims and the following description of several embodiments shown in the accompanying drawing. Show it:
  • 1 is a partially sectional perspective view of a particularly simple impact crusher,
  • 2 shows the top view of the rotor of the impact crusher and the impact surfaces delimiting an annular space,
  • 3 highly schematic the essential parts of the impact crusher according to FIG. 1 with a concave receiving surface of the rotor in a first operating position,
  • 4 is a highly schematic diagram of the essential parts of an impact crusher according to FIG. 1 with a flat receiving surface of the rotor in a second operating position,
  • 5 highly schematic the essential parts of an impact crusher according to FIG. 1 with a convex receiving surface of the rotor in a third operating position,
  • 6 shows a highly schematic view of the essential parts of an impact crusher according to FIG. 1 with a tapering annular space between the impact surfaces in an operating position corresponding to FIG. 4,
  • 7 shows a top view corresponding to the top view according to FIG. 2 of an impact crusher with a modified housing and a modified insert,
  • 8 shows a plan view corresponding to the top view according to FIG. 2 of an impact crusher equipped with baffle plates according to FIGS. 1 and 2 and
  • Fig. 9 shows a section through a further impact crusher, in which the impact material is crushed into an annular space with a standing and a rotating insert.

In Figur 1 ist 1 ein Gestell für eine aus einer Wand 2 und einem Deckel 3 bestehendes Gehäuse eines Prallbrechers. Im Innern des Gehäusese 2,3 ist auf einer über einen Keilriemen 4 durch einen Motor 5 antreibbaren Welle 6 ein tellerförmiger Rotor 7 befestigt, auf dessen Gutaufnahmefläche 8 vielfach als Pralleisten bezeichnete Führungselemente 9 für das durch einen Einfülltrichter 10 im Deckel 3 schüttbare Gut angeordnet sind. Unterhalb des während des Betriebes des Prallbrechers mit hoher Drehzahl umlaufenden Rotors 7 befindet sich ein feststehender Einsatz 11, der nach Art einer sich vom Rand des Rotors 7 nach unten erstreckenden ruhenden Schürze ausgebildet ist. Die Außenseite 12 des Einsatzes begrenzt zusammen mit der Innenseite 13 der Wand einen Ringspalt 14, den das zu zerkleinernde Gut passiert. Sowohl die Wand 2 als auch der Einsatz 11 haben im wesentlichen die Form von Kegelstümpfen, deren Erzeugende gegenüber der Längsachse 15 der Welle 6 einen Winkel α von 60° bis 85° einschließt (vgl. Figur 3).In FIG. 1, 1 is a frame for a housing of an impact crusher consisting of a wall 2 and a cover 3. In the interior of the housing 2, 3, a plate-shaped rotor 7 is fastened on a shaft 6 that can be driven by a motor 5 via a V-belt 4, on the crop receiving surface 8 of which guide elements 9, often referred to as baffle strips, are arranged for the material that can be poured through a hopper 10 in the lid 3 . Below the rotor 7, which rotates at high speed during operation of the impact crusher, is a fixed insert 11 which is designed in the manner of a stationary apron which extends downward from the edge of the rotor 7. The outside 12 of the insert, together with the inside 13 of the wall, defines an annular gap 14, the the good to be crushed happens. Both the wall 2 and the insert 11 essentially have the shape of truncated cones, the generatrix of which forms an angle α of 60 ° to 85 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis 15 of the shaft 6 (cf. FIG. 3).

Um den Abstand zwischen der Innenseite 13 der Wand 2 und der Außenseite 12 des Einsatzes variieren zu können, ist die Wand 2 über Ausleger 16 und Schraubhülsen 17 an Schraubspindeln 18 gelagert. Durch die Einleitung von Drehbewegungen in die Schraubspindeln 18 läßt sich die Wand 2 relativ zum Deckel 3 bewegen. Die Figuren 3 bis 5 zeigen drei unterschiedliche Positionen der Wand 2 gegenüber dem Deckel 3, wobei der Ringspalt 14 in der Figur 3 am kleinsten und in der Figur 5 am größten ist. Außerdem ist in den Figuren 3 bis 5 angedeutet, daß die Gutaufnahmeflächen 8 des Rotors 7 unterschiedliche Formen haben können. Während in Figur 4 wie in Figur 1 eine plane Gutaufnahmefläche 8 dargestellt ist, zeigt die Figur 3 einen Rotor 7 mit einer konkaven Gutaufnahmefläche 19 und die Figur 5 einen Rotor 7 mit einer konvexen Gutaufnahmefläche 20.In order to be able to vary the distance between the inside 13 of the wall 2 and the outside 12 of the insert, the wall 2 is mounted on screw spindles 18 by means of brackets 16 and screw sleeves 17. By initiating rotary movements in the screw spindles 18, the wall 2 can be moved relative to the cover 3. FIGS. 3 to 5 show three different positions of the wall 2 relative to the cover 3, the annular gap 14 being the smallest in FIG. 3 and the largest in FIG. It is also indicated in FIGS. 3 to 5 that the crop receiving surfaces 8 of the rotor 7 can have different shapes. While a flat crop receiving surface 8 is shown in FIG. 4 as in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 shows a rotor 7 with a concave crop receiving surface 19 and FIG. 5 shows a rotor 7 with a convex crop receiving surface 20.

Statt mit einem Ringspalt 14 jeweils konstanten Querschnitts zu arbeiten, kann auch ein Ringspalt 21 mit abnehmendem Querschnitt verwendet werden, wie er in Figur 6 wiedergegeben ist.Instead of working with an annular gap 14 with a constant cross-section, an annular gap 21 with a decreasing cross-section, as shown in FIG. 6, can also be used.

Die Figuren 2 bis 6 lassen erkennen, daß das zu brechende Gut 22 nach dem Auftreffen auf den Rotor 7 mit hoher Geschwindigkeit zunächst radial nach außen gegen die schräge Innenseite 13 der Wand 2 geschleudert wird, auf die es in der Schleuderebene betrachtet unter einem Winkel von etwa 90° auftrifft. Durch die Neigung der Wand 2 zur Längsachse 15 der Welle 6 prallt das Gut 22 schräg nach unten ab, um anschließend auf einer in den Figuren 3 bis 5 angedeuteten, im wesentlichen zick-zack-förmigen Bahn 23 den jeweiligen Ringspalt 14 bzw. 21 zu passieren. Die Ausbildung der Wand 2 und des Einsatzes 11 und die daraus resultierende Form des Ringspaltes 14 bzw. 21 reduzieren mit anderen Worten energieverzehrende Zusammenstöße zwischen vom Rotor 7 nach außen geschleuderte und von der Innenseite 13 der Wand 2 zurückprallendes Brechgut und unterdrücken auf diese Weise in starkem Maße durch "innere Reibung" beim Brechvorgang entstehende Verluste, wobei gleichzeitig infolge besserer Energieausnutzung eine intensivere Zerkleinerung des zu brechenden Gutes erreicht wird.Figures 2 to 6 show that the material to be broken 22 after hitting the rotor 7 at high speed initially thrown radially outwards against the inclined inside 13 of the wall 2 which it encounters at an angle of about 90 ° when viewed in the spin plane. Due to the inclination of the wall 2 to the longitudinal axis 15 of the shaft 6, the material 22 rebounds obliquely downward, in order then to the respective annular gap 14 or 21 towards an essentially zigzag-shaped path 23 indicated in FIGS. 3 to 5 happen. In other words, the design of the wall 2 and the insert 11 and the resulting shape of the annular gap 14 or 21 reduce energy-consuming collisions between crushed material thrown outwards by the rotor 7 and rebounding from the inside 13 of the wall 2 and in this way suppress it to a great extent Dimensions of losses resulting from "internal friction" during the breaking process, with more intensive comminution of the material to be broken being achieved at the same time as a result of better use of energy.

Bei der in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellten bevorzugten Ausführungsform haben die Außenwand 2 und die Wand des Einsatzes 11 exakt die Form von Kegelstümpfen, die durch Biegen von den Mänteln der Kegelstümpfe entsprechenden Blechstreifen hergestellt sind. Figur 7 dagegen zeigt eine Wand 2, die ebenso wie der mit ihr einen Ringspalt 14 begrenzende Teil des Einsatzes 11 aus planen, trapezförmigen Segmenten 24 bzw. 25 besteht, die im Bereich ihrer Längsseiten durch Schweißen miteinander verbunden sind. In allen Fällen sind die sich gegenüberliegenden Flächen der Wand 2 und des Einsatzes 11 mit verschleißfesten Prallplatten 26 bekleidet.In the preferred embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the outer wall 2 and the wall of the insert 11 have exactly the shape of truncated cones which are produced by bending sheet metal strips corresponding to the shells of the truncated cones. FIG. 7, on the other hand, shows a wall 2, which, like the part of the insert 11 that defines an annular gap 14 with it, consists of trapezoidal segments 24 and 25, which are connected to one another by welding in the region of their longitudinal sides. In all cases, the opposite surfaces of the wall 2 and the insert 11 are clad with wear-resistant baffle plates 26.

Figur 8 läßt erkennen, daß bei einer Lösung gemäß Figur 2 die Möglichkeit besteht, Prallplatten 26 schräg zur Wand 2 anzuordnen.FIG. 8 shows that with a solution according to FIG. 2 there is the possibility of arranging baffle plates 26 at an angle to wall 2.

In Figur 9 schließlich ist schematisch ein Prallbrecher dargestellt, der im Grundaufbau dem Prallbrecher gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 ähnelt. Für die Figur 9 wurden daher weitgehend die gleichen Bezugszeichen verwendet wie in Figur 1. Anders als bei der zuerst beschriebenen Ausführungsform erfolgt die Zerkleinerung des Brechgutes beim Prallbrecher gemäß Figur 9 gewissermaßen in zwei Stufen, indem unterhalb des Einsatzes 11 ein weiterer Einsatz 27 angeordnet ist. In den Einsatz 27 sind Drehbewegungen einleitbar, die zweckmäßigerweise gegenläufig zur Drehbewegung des Rotors 7 erfolgen. Durch die exzentrische Lagerung des Einsatzes 27 auf einer Buchse 28 wird anfallendes Überkorn des zerkleinerten Gutes nachträglich einem Quetschvorgang unterworfen und auf diese Weise nachzerkleinert. Durch die höhenverstellbare Ausbildung der den weiteren Einsatz 27 umschließenden Wand 29 der zweiten Stufe läßt sich deren Ringraum ebenfalls an unterschiedliche Gegebenheiten anpassen.Finally, FIG. 9 schematically shows an impact crusher whose basic structure is similar to the impact crusher according to FIGS. 1 and 2. For this reason, the same reference numerals were used for FIG. 9 as in FIG. 1. In contrast to the embodiment described first, the crushed material in the impact crusher according to FIG. 9 is, as it were, in two stages by placing a further insert 27 below the insert 11. Rotary movements can be introduced into the insert 27, which expediently take place in the opposite direction to the rotary movement of the rotor 7. Due to the eccentric mounting of the insert 27 on a bushing 28, oversize particles of the comminuted material are subsequently subjected to a squeezing process and thus comminuted. Due to the height-adjustable design of the wall 29 of the second stage enclosing the further insert 27, the annular space thereof can also be adapted to different circumstances.

Claims (18)

  1. Impact crusher having a plate-like rotor (7), which is mounted such that it can be rotated around a vertical axis (15), and having a housing (2, 3) which encloses said rotor and has an impact-surface-forming wall (2), material which is poured onto the rotor (7) when the latter is rotating being flung against the inner side (13) of said wall for the purpose of comminution, the impact-surface-forming inner side (13) of the wall (2) of the housing (2, 3) being designed essentially in the manner of the lateral surface of at least one truncated cone which widens downwards, characterized in that there is arranged beneath the rotor (7) at least one insert (11; 27) whose outer side (12) is likewise designed essentially in the manner of a truncated cone which widens downwards, and in that the outer side (12) of the insert (11; 27), which does not move relative to the inner side (13) of the wall (2) of the housing (2, 3), forms, with the inner side (13) of the wall (2) of the housing (2, 3), two impact surfaces which bound an annular gap (14) between them and are intended for multiple comminution of the material.
  2. Impact crusher according to Claim 1, characterized in that the wall (2) of the housing (2, 3), said wall forming a first impact surface, can be adjusted in height with respect to the insert (11) for the purpose of changing the size of the annular gap (14).
  3. Impact crusher according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the distance between the impact surfaces formed by the inner side (13) of the wall (2) of the housing (2, 3) and the outer side (12) of the insert (11) is constant within the annular gap (14).
  4. Impact crusher according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the distance between the impact surfaces formed by the inner side (13) of the wall (2) of the housing (2, 3) and the outer side (12) of the insert (11) decreases towards the lower end of the annular gap (21).
  5. Impact crusher according to one or more of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the insert (11) is designed in the manner of a static, i.e. non-rotating, apron which extends downwards from the outer rim of the rotor (7).
  6. Impact crusher according to one or more of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the slope of that wall of the housing (2, 3) which forms one impact surface is from 60° to 85°.
  7. Impact crusher according to one or more of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the material-receiving surface (8) of the rotor (7), said receiving surface facing a filling hopper (10), is planar.
  8. Impact crusher according to one or more of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the material-receiving surface (20) of the rotor (7), said receiving surface facing a filling hopper (10) is convex.
  9. Impact crusher according to one or more of Claims 1 to 7 characterized in that the material-receiving surface (19) of the rotor (7), said receiving surface facing a filling hopper (10), is concave.
  10. Impact crusher according to one or more of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the rotor (7) is provided with material-guiding elements (9) which influence the trajectory of the material from the rotor (7).
  11. Impact crusher according to one or more of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the outer wall (2) of the housing (2, 3) comprises trapezoidal planar segments (24).
  12. Impact crusher according to one or more of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the impact surfaces are provided with exchangeable impact plates (26).
  13. Impact crusher according to one or more of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the inset (11) arranged beneath the rotor (7) is adjoined by a further insert (27) enclosed by a wall (29).
  14. Impact crusher according to Claim 13, characterized in that the outer sides of the two inserts (11, 27) slope to different extents.
  15. Impact crusher according to Claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the further insert (27) can be made to rotate.
  16. Impact crusher according to Claim 15, characterized in that the rotor (7) and the further insert (27) rotate in opposite directions.
  17. Impact crusher according to one or more of Claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the further insert (27) is mounted on a bushing (28) which is arranged eccentrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the rotor shaft (6).
  18. Impact crusher according to one or more of Claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the wall (29) which encloses the further inset (27) can be adjusted in height.
EP94920436A 1993-06-10 1994-06-08 Impact crusher Expired - Lifetime EP0702598B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4319702A DE4319702C2 (en) 1993-06-10 1993-06-10 Impact crusher
DE4319702 1993-06-10
PCT/EP1994/001867 WO1994029027A1 (en) 1993-06-10 1994-06-08 Impact crusher

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0702598A1 EP0702598A1 (en) 1996-03-27
EP0702598B1 true EP0702598B1 (en) 1997-02-19

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EP94920436A Expired - Lifetime EP0702598B1 (en) 1993-06-10 1994-06-08 Impact crusher

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EP (1) EP0702598B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE149000T1 (en)
AU (1) AU7123094A (en)
DE (2) DE4319702C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1994029027A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2021763A1 (en) * 2006-05-18 2009-02-11 The University Of Queensland Apparatus for determining breakage properties of particulate material
DE102016002650A1 (en) * 2016-03-04 2017-09-07 Olusegun Arowolo Device for breaking up cocoa pods
CN107249747A (en) * 2015-02-18 2017-10-13 Pms商业有限公司 Reducing mechanism

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US5860605A (en) 1996-10-11 1999-01-19 Johannes Petrus Andreas Josephus Van Der Zanden Method and device for synchronously making material collide
AT403998B (en) 1996-11-20 1998-07-27 Mfl Mahltechnik Liezen Ges M B IMPACT MILL
DE19714075A1 (en) * 1997-04-04 1998-10-08 Hosokawa Mikropul Ges Fuer Mah Grinding plant
NL1016393C2 (en) 2000-07-02 2002-01-03 Johannes Petrus Andreas Zanden Mill with streamlined space.
DE102011050789A1 (en) * 2011-06-01 2012-12-06 RoTAC GmbH Device for the mechanical separation of material conglomerates from materials of different density and / or consistency
FR2979194B1 (en) * 2011-08-30 2015-01-02 Pellenc Sa METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DYNAMIC GROWING OF FRUIT

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GB376760A (en) * 1931-03-05 1932-07-05 Ernest Feuerheerd Improvements in or relating to apparatus for pulverising or grinding coal and other materials
DE942244C (en) * 1951-02-23 1956-06-14 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Impact mill
DE1853893U (en) * 1959-10-02 1962-06-20 Ver Kesselwerke Ag Centrifugal mill, preferably for raw brown coal.
DE1211903B (en) * 1963-02-07 1966-03-03 Maerkische Steinkohlengewerksc Centrifugal mill for comminuting loose debris
US4326676A (en) * 1980-05-12 1982-04-27 Canica Crushers, Ltd. Reciprocating infeed tube for centrifugal impact rock crusher
DE3905365A1 (en) * 1989-02-22 1989-11-23 Brauer Heinz Prof Dr H C Dr In Machine for determinate impact crushing
DE9005091U1 (en) * 1990-05-04 1990-07-12 F.B. Lehmann Maschinenfabrik Gmbh, 7080 Aalen Throwing crushers, especially for cocoa beans

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2021763A1 (en) * 2006-05-18 2009-02-11 The University Of Queensland Apparatus for determining breakage properties of particulate material
EP2021763A4 (en) * 2006-05-18 2010-04-07 Univ Queensland Apparatus for determining breakage properties of particulate material
US8272247B2 (en) 2006-05-18 2012-09-25 The University Of Queensland Apparatus for determining breakage properties of particulate material
CN107249747A (en) * 2015-02-18 2017-10-13 Pms商业有限公司 Reducing mechanism
US11278907B2 (en) 2015-02-18 2022-03-22 Pms Handelskontor Gmbh Comminution device
DE102016002650A1 (en) * 2016-03-04 2017-09-07 Olusegun Arowolo Device for breaking up cocoa pods
DE102016002650B4 (en) 2016-03-04 2020-06-25 Olusegun Arowolo Device for breaking cocoa pods

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4319702A1 (en) 1994-12-15
WO1994029027A1 (en) 1994-12-22
AU7123094A (en) 1995-01-03
DE59401835D1 (en) 1997-03-27
DE4319702C2 (en) 1995-06-14
EP0702598A1 (en) 1996-03-27
ATE149000T1 (en) 1997-03-15

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