EP0380811B1 - Impact crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

Impact crusher having a housing which has a first housing section containing an upper filling opening and a second housing section which is mounted on the first housing section so as to pivot about a horizontal axis lying near to the support surface and bears at least one monobloc, and having a rotor rotatably mounted on the first housing section, driven by a drive motor and containing crushing mechanisms, means for the selective application of a further monobloc being provided on the second housing section, said monobloc extending with its lower end near to the rotor when the second housing section is located in the swivelled-away position and it being possible to connect the housing sections in the swivelled-away position of the second housing section by means of lateral plate-like elements or the like forming a filling funnel. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to an impact crusher according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Impact crushers are commonly known as crushers. The feed material freed from the fine material by a sieve or grate passes between blow bars of a rotatingly driven rotor and baffle plates or so-called monoblocks and is crushed between them to a predetermined grain.

Known impact crushers or impact mills are normally designed for certain types of rock to be crushed, for example hard rock, medium-hard rock, etc. In addition, they are designed for certain degrees of comminution, but by adjustment the monoblocks can be changed within limits. If the known impact mills are used in quarries, they will find a certain rock and can be set up accordingly. However, crushers are also increasingly used in recycling, for example of building materials such as rubble, road construction or the like. Such a material comes in very different grain sizes and hardness. It is not possible to provide the appropriate impact crusher for this. Impact mills are very complex devices that, if possible, must be used in continuous operation in order to work cost-effectively. When recycling, in particular also of household and industrial waste, the amount produced varies greatly, so that downtimes can be more or less long. Above all, conventional impact mills are unable to shred soft waste, such as wood, tree stumps, but also other relatively soft material. The opening of conventional impact mills is usually sufficiently large for the crushing of rock. In recycling, on the other hand, there are feed pieces, for example tree stumps, which cannot pass through the filling opening of an impact mill without prior processing.

From FR-A-2 306 742, an impact crusher of the type mentioned at the outset has become known, which has two housing sections which can be opened apart.

The motor of an impact crusher, preferably an electric motor, is designed for a certain crusher output, with the aim being to choose the size of the motor so that operating conditions which usually occur can be controlled without damage to the motor. If very large pieces to be broken are given up, for example of a consistency that is not as hard as tree stumps or the like, the engine may be required to perform quite well. This is especially true if knife tools are used instead of the usual blow bars, which will be discussed further below. There is a risk that the motor will be overloaded and damaged. Such pieces can therefore not be processed with the impact crusher. Since pre-sorting is often not carried out or is omitted for reasons of cost, it cannot be determined from the outset whether there is a risk of overloading the crusher motor in the case of a discarded piece. In order to counter such incidents, the crusher motor would have to be designed considerably larger are required for normal operation, which considerably increases the effort for the crusher.

The invention is therefore based on the object of improving an impact mill of the type mentioned in such a way that stones, soft waste, wood or the like can optionally be comminuted without overloading the crusher motor due to components which are difficult to break.

This object is solved by the features of claim 1.

In the crusher according to the invention, at least one clamping element is adjustably mounted above the rotor. The clamping element can be formed by a baffle plate or, according to another embodiment of the invention, by a press ram which is adjustably mounted on the other housing part with respect to the baffle plate by means of an adjusting cylinder. The adjusting device for the clamping element can adjust the clamping element above the rotor into a clamping position that reduces the feed cross section and into a retracted rest position. The supply circuit for the drive motor of the rotor is one Associated current measuring device which is connected to a control device. The control device issues an actuating signal to the adjusting device for adjusting the clamping element from the rest position to the clamping position when the current exceeds a predetermined value. An adjustment in the opposite direction takes place when the current falls below a predetermined value again.

The invention is based on the knowledge that the supply current for the rotor is an indicator of the load on the motor. With the help of the current measuring device, the overload can thus be easily detected. Overload measurement is generally known for electric motors. In the invention, however, it is not the overload that is determined, but a current value that is below the value at which the motor is switched off in the case of overload protection devices. In the invention, the rotor should continue to rotate. The current measurement signal only serves to actuate the clamping element, so that the piece to be broken is clamped in the funnel above the rotor and can therefore not continue to slide. The rotor continues to turn and can further process and shred the facing section of the piece to be broken. It gradually returns to normal speed, which is reflected in the reduction of the measured current. If the measured current value again reaches a lower value, which can also be significantly below the threshold value that is used for the adjustment to the clamping position, the clamping element can be moved back to the rest position. The usual breaking operation can therefore be continued. In the case of pieces that are very difficult to break, in particular tree stumps, the described process can be repeated several times.

Conventional impact crushers for rock only have a limited cross-section in the feed area. Garbage or wood can have dimensions that prevent passage through the opening cross section in known impact crushers. Therefore, an embodiment of the invention provides that means for selectively attaching a further baffle plate are provided on the second housing section, the lower end of which comes close to the rotor when the second housing section is in the pivoted-down position and the housing sections in the pivoted-down position of the second housing section can be connected by lateral plate-like elements or the like forming a filling funnel.

This embodiment of the invention makes the fact take advantage of the fact that conventional impact crushers consist of two housing sections that can be swiveled apart. The pivotability of a housing section normally serves to provide access to the rotor, in particular in the case of so-called stoppers. Without such a measure, it is hardly possible to loosen or remove a jammed rock. In the invention, it has now been recognized that an impact crusher can work even when the housing is in the opened state and care is taken that a lateral limitation is provided which prevents the material which has now been input from above from falling out laterally. For the conversion of a conventional impact crusher into a comminution device for soft waste, essentially only three components are necessary, namely the side boundary plates and a modified impact plate. When the second housing section is pivoted away, the baffle plate mounted on it lies relatively far from the rotor, so that material thrown in from above would fall through the gap between the baffle plate and the rotor without being crushed. Even with two or more baffle plates, which in the known impact crusher are spaced one behind the other in the working direction, the lower one would in the opened state Monoblock form too large a gap with the rotor. According to the invention, therefore, another baffle plate is installed, the lower end of which comes close to the motor. The baffle plate, which has a suitable slope, which ensures that the material to be shredded automatically slides down, is preferably pivotably hinged near the filling opening and is preferably connected in the lower region to an adjusting cylinder, via which the angular position can be changed. In addition, pressure can be exerted on the material to be shredded in this way. Finally, according to one embodiment of the invention, the adjusting cylinder, which is articulated to the further baffle plate, can be connected to a vibration device, with which the material to be shredded is set into more or less strong vibrations. These cause the soil and sand to be shaken off, which can otherwise lead to premature wear of the shredding tools.

If the further baffle plate is in a relatively inclined position and the clamping element is opposite the further baffle plate, the piece to be broken is not only held in place when the clamping element is moved into the clamping position, but may also be pushed up somewhat by the assigned surface of the baffle plate used as a ramp, is pushed along the baffle.

It is understood that the clamping position of the clamping element is not a fixed position, but depends on the size of the piece to be broken and clamped. It is only necessary that the adjusting device acts on the clamping element with a predetermined force.

Conventional impact mills have so-called blow bars, which in cooperation with the impact plate cause the crushing effect. Blow bars are not suitable for softer goods. Blow bars would only squeeze the goods and would not be able to shred them into individual pieces. Therefore, an embodiment of the invention provides that knife tools can optionally be attached to the rotor.

The knife tools are preferably designed so that they can be used on the rotor instead of the blow bars without special conversion measures. For example, bar-like knife holders can be provided, on which the knife tools can be detachably fastened. The cutter bars are attached to the rotor instead of the blow bars and in turn are used to attach individual cutter tools, which are preferably arranged at intervals from one another are. This design of the knife tools also has the advantage that individual worn or destroyed knives can be replaced. Since, as mentioned, there is no need to provide a continuous knife edge, it is advantageous if the lower edge of the baffle plate facing the rotor has recesses corresponding to the knife tools that pass through the knife tools when the rotor is rotating. The flapper between the knife tools therefore extends further to the rotor. Knife tools and baffle plate are therefore somewhat interlocked.

If it is to be ensured that the specified goods do not get stuck when the housing is opened and always slip, a pressing device can be provided which is assigned to the upper filling opening. It can be formed, for example, by a flap which is actuated by a force element, for example a hydraulic cylinder.

In conventional impact mills, the pivot axis for the second housing section lies at a certain distance from the contact surface of the impact crusher. The maximum opening width caused in this way is sufficient to eliminate stoppers. If, however, according to one embodiment of the invention, the pivot axis is close to the footprint is arranged, a larger "mouth width" is achieved when the housing is opened.

Fig. 1

zeigt im Schnitt seitlich einen Prallbrecher nach der Erfindung.

Fig. 2

zeigt eine ähnliche Ansicht wie Fig. 1 mit einem leicht abgewandelten Prallbrecher nach der Erfindung.

Fig. 3

zeigt schematisch die Messerwerkzeuge und das untere Ende einer Prallplatte für Prallbrecher nach Fig. 1 oder 2.

Fig. 4

zeigt die Seitenansicht und die Frontansicht eines Messerwerkzeugs für einen Prallbrecher nach Fig. 1 oder 2.

Fig. 5

zeigt perspektivisch einen Teil eines Messerbalkens für einen Prallbrecher nach Fig. 1 oder 2.

Fig. 6

zeigt ein Blockschaltbild zur Steuerung eines Klemmelements im Einfülltrichter eines Brechers nach Fig. 1 oder 2.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.

Fig. 1

shows in section an impact crusher according to the invention.

Fig. 2

shows a view similar to FIG. 1 with a slightly modified impact crusher according to the invention.

Fig. 3

shows schematically the knife tools and the lower end of an impact plate for impact crusher according to FIG. 1 or 2.

Fig. 4

shows the side view and the front view of a knife tool for an impact crusher according to FIG. 1 or 2.

Fig. 5

shows in perspective part of a cutter bar for an impact crusher according to FIG. 1 or 2.

Fig. 6

shows a block diagram for controlling a clamping element in the hopper of a crusher according to FIG. 1 or 2.

The impact crusher shown in FIG. 1 has a housing 10 with a first housing section 11 and a second housing section 12. The first housing section 11 has a lying frame 14 with a contact surface 15 in which a rotor 16 is rotatably mounted, which is supported by a Electric motor, not shown, is driven. The rotor carries blow bars 17 at a circumferential distance of 90 °, which are attached in suitable clamping devices 18. The upright section 18a of the first housing section 11 has a feed mouth 19.

The second housing section 12 is pivotally mounted at 20 on the left upper end of the frame 14 about a horizontal axis. 1 shows the housing section 12 in the opened position, as is normally assumed when access to the rotor 16 is required to remove the stopper. The second housing section 12 supports baffle plates 21 and 22, which are shown in dashed lines and are pivotally mounted at upper pivot points (not specified in more detail) and are articulated at a distance from them on adjusting rods of adjusting cylinders 23 and 24, respectively. The baffle plates 21, 22 are in use, if the impact crusher shown is operated in a conventional manner with the housing sections 11, 12 folded, the material to be crushed, for example rock material, being fed into the mouth 19 in the direction of arrow 25. If, on the other hand, the impact crusher is used, for example, to shred soft waste, the impact plate 22 is removed and a baffle plate 26 takes its place (shown in solid lines), which is pivotally mounted at 27 in the housing section 12 and on which the adjusting rod 28 is at 28 Adjusting cylinder 29 is articulated. In the position shown, the lower end of the baffle plate 26 extends relatively close to the circumference of the rotor 16. The baffle plate 21, which is shown in two different positions in FIG. 1, can assume the most withdrawn position or can also be removed. Correspondingly shaped sheets are inserted and fastened laterally between the housing sections 11, 12, one of which can be seen at 30. The sheets 30 connect the housing sections 11, 12 to one another and hold them in the unfolded position. At the same time, they delimit a filling funnel which is open at the top and whose filling opening is designated by 31. A sheet metal plate 32 is connected to the first housing section 11 on the side opposite the baffle plate 26 and blocks the passage to the mouth 19.

In the embodiment shown, the impact crusher is suitable for picking up more or less soft material to be shredded, the pieces of which can take up a relatively large volume.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, blow bars 17 are attached to the rotor 16, as mentioned. They are not particularly suitable for shredding softer goods. It is therefore expedient to replace the blow bars 17 with knife tools. 5 shows a knife bar 40 which has mounting projections 41 in its upper side for correspondingly shaped knives. The cutter bar 40 is received by the clamping devices 18 instead of the blow bars 17. A corresponding knife 42 is shown in FIG. 4. Viewed from the front, it has an arcuate contour, the arc being formed by a knife edge or knife edge 43, while the surface 44 located therebetween is recessed, as can be seen in dashed lines in the left-hand illustration of FIG. 4. The plane in which the knife edge 43 lies is inclined obliquely forward radially outward. The underside of the knife 42 is designed such that the knife 42 can be conveniently attached to the mounting projections 41, for example with the aid of a suitable screw connection.

In Fig. 3 several such knives 42 are indicated schematically, as they are arranged along a knife bar. The lower region of the monoblock 26 is also indicated in FIG. 3. It can be seen that the lower edge is shaped in accordance with the cutter bar 40 or the cutters 42, and thus has recesses 45 which the cutters 42 pass when the rotor 16 rotates. By actuating the adjusting cylinder 29, the distance between the baffle plate 26 and the cutter bar or the rotor can be changed and the size of the material to be shredded can thus be determined. It goes without saying that the articulation point 27 of the baffle plate 26 can also be connected to an externally mounted adjusting cylinder in order to adjust the baffle plate 26 as desired in one plane. In this case, however, the baffle plate 21 must be removed.

Fig. 2 shows a similar representation as Fig. 1, so that the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals.

2 shows the housing sections 11, 12 again in the opened state, but the metal sheets 30 according to FIG. 1 have not yet been installed. The baffle plates 21, 22, which are provided for the normal operation of the impact crusher, are preferably removed, in particular the baffle plate 21, around a relatively long baffle plate 50 whose upper end extends close to the upper end of the opened housing section 12 and is pivotally mounted at 51 at a distance from it. Near the lower end, the adjusting rod of a hydraulic cylinder 52 articulates. It is understood that a hydraulic cylinder can also act on the hinge point 51. The lower end of the baffle plate 50 can, for example, be the same as that of the baffle plate 26 according to FIG. 1 if the baffle strips 17 are replaced by knife tools shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. The left open end of the upright section of the first housing section 11 is covered by a plate-shaped clamping element 55 (press ram) which is suspended from the adjusting rods of two adjusting cylinders 56, 57. The adjusting cylinders 56, 57 are held on a plate 58, which is shown schematically and is fastened in the first housing section 11 with the aid of suitable precautions. With the aid of the adjusting cylinders 56, 57, the clamping element 55 can be adjusted in the direction of the double arrow 59 in order to exert a corresponding pressing pressure on the material to be shredded which is filled in from above.

6, the rotor 16 is driven by an electric motor 60, which is connected to an AC voltage source 62 via a line 61. The line 61 is associated with a current measuring device 63, which is connected to a control device 64. The control device 64 controls the hydraulic cylinders 56, 57 for the clamping element 55 via a corresponding line 65. If the value of the current in the line 61 reaches a predetermined amount, the control element 64 controls the cylinders 56, 57 so that the clamping element 55 in Move towards the baffle 50. A piece to be broken located above the rotor 16 is thereby clamped between the clamping element 55 and the baffle plate 50. It can no longer slide and the rotor 16 or its blow bars 17 can gradually run free, and the rotor can thus return to its normal speed. This is reflected in the lowering of the current in the line 61, which in turn is measured, and if this value reaches a predetermined amount, the control device 64 causes the clamping element 55 to be reset via the hydraulic cylinders 56, 57, for example to the starting position. This process can be repeated several times. Holding or clamping the piece to be broken prevents an undesirable overloading of the motor 60 and nevertheless ensures that even difficult pieces to be broken are gradually shredded.

Claims (15)

1. An impact crusher including a housing (10) which comprises a first housing portion (11) containing an upper charging hole (31) as well as a second housing portion (12) mounted pivotally about a horizontal axis (20) on said first housing portion arranged adjacent to the engaging surface (15) and carries at least one impact plate (21, 22) and further comprises a rotor (16) mounted pivotally, about said first housing portion (11) and driven by a power motor, said rotor including comminuting means (17), characterized in that, with said two housing portions (11, 12) being swung open, said upper charging hole is firmed by said two housing portions (11, 12) together with laterally provided sheet metal plates connecting said said housing portions (11, 12), that above said rotor (16) at least one clamping element (55) is adjustably mounted which by an adjusting means (56, 57) can be moved into a position reducing the charging cross section above said rotor (16) and into an inoperative position, that a current measuring means (63) is associated to the supply circuit (61) for said power motor (60) of said rotor (16) which current measuring means (63) is connected to a control means (64), said control means (64) transmitting a control signal to said adjusting means (56, 57) for adjusting said clamping element (55) from the inoperative to the clamping position as soon as the current falls below a given value.
2. The impact crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that said clamping element 55 is arranged at the side opposite to said impact plate (21, 22 resp. 50).
3. The impact crusher according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said clamping element is defined as a pressure ram (55) and said adjusting means as at least one adjusting cylinder (56, 57).
4. The impact crusher according to claim 3, characterized in that said pressure ram (55) is defined as a plate.
5. The impact crusher according to any of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that on said second housing portion (12) means are provided for optionally arranging a further impact plate (26 resp. 50) which with its lower end comes close to said rotor (16) if said second housing portion (12) is swung open and said housing portions (11, 12) with said second housing portion being swung open, are connectable by means of lateral plate-like elements (30) or suchlike forming a charging funnel.
6. The impact crusher according to claim 5, characterized in that the link point of said further impact plate (26, 50) is provided adjacent to said charging hole and that an adjusting cylinder (29, 52) is linked with said further impact plate (26, 50) at a distance downwardly.
7. The impact crusher according to claim 6, characterized in that a vibration means is associated to said adjusting means (29, 50).
8. The impact crusher according to any of the claims 5 to 7, characterized in that said upper end of said further impact plate (50) comes close to said upper end of said second housing portion (12), with said second housing portion being swung open.
9. The impact crusher according to any of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that on said rotor (16) hammers (17) being known per se or cutting means (42) may be optionally provided.
10. The impact crusher according to 9, characterized in that said cutting means (42) may be provided on said rotor (17) to be axially spaced and that the facing lower edge of said further monobloc (26) comprises recesses (45) which are adapted to the shape of said cutting means (42) and pass said cutting means (42) during rotation of said rotor.
11. The impact crusher according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that cutting bars (40) may be provided on said rotor (16) to which cutting bars said cutting means (42) are detachably secured.
12. The impact crusher according to any of the claims 9 to 11, characterized in that said cutting means comprise a bow-shaped, reversed U- or V-shaped cutting edge (43) which is radially inclined outwardly and forwardly.
13. The impact crusher according to any of the claims 1 to 12, characterized in that said link point for said further impact plate (26, 50) is linked with an adjusting cylinder.
14. The impact crusher according to any of the claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the swivelling axis for said second housing portion (12) is provided directly on said engaging surface (15).
15. The impact crusher according to any of the claims 4 to 14, characterized in that said plate (55) can be actuated by two spaced adjusting cylinders (56, 57).

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