FI89773B - SLAGKROSS - Google Patents

Abstract

Impact crusher having a housing which has a first housing section containing an upper filling opening and a second housing section which is mounted on the first housing section so as to pivot about a horizontal axis lying near to the support surface and bears at least one monobloc, and having a rotor rotatably mounted on the first housing section, driven by a drive motor and containing crushing mechanisms, means for the selective application of a further monobloc being provided on the second housing section, said monobloc extending with its lower end near to the rotor when the second housing section is located in the swivelled-away position and it being possible to connect the housing sections in the swivelled-away position of the second housing section by means of lateral plate-like elements or the like forming a filling funnel. <IMAGE>

Description

1 SS 773

Impact crusher.- Slagkross.

The invention relates to an impact crusher according to the preamble of claim 1.

Impact crushers are commonly known as shredders. By means of a sieve or grate, the feed material purified from the fines is rotatably passed between the percussion strips of the rotor used and the impact plates, i.e. the so-called unit blocks, between which it is comminuted to a predetermined grain size.

Known impact crushers, i.e. impact mills, are usually designed for certain types of stone to be crushed, for example hard stone, medium hard stone, etc. In addition, they are designed for a certain degree of comminution, which, however, can be changed to some extent by moving unit blocks. When known impact crushers are used in quarries, a specific rock is usually found and can be adjusted accordingly. However, crushers are increasingly used, for example, in the reuse of building materials such as construction waste, roadbeds or the like. Such a substance accumulates in very different grain sizes and hardnesses. In this case, it is not possible to complete the best impact crusher for this purpose. Impact crushers are very expensive equipment that must be used continuously whenever possible in order to operate economically. In re-use, especially for construction and industrial waste, the amount accumulated is very variable, so that shorter or longer interruptions may occur. Above all, conventional impact crushers are unable to shred soft waste such as wood, stumps or other relatively soft material. The feed opening of conventional impact crushers is normally dimensioned to be sufficient for crushing rock. For re-use, on the other hand, there are pieces to be fed, for example strains which, without pre-treatment, cannot fit in the filling opening of the impact crusher.

2 -'73

The object of the invention is to make a conventional impact crusher with accessories and simple installation steps into a crusher for soft waste.

This object is solved according to the invention by means of the characterizing part of claim 1.

The invention takes advantage of the fact that conventional impact crushers consist of two body parts which can be turned away from each other. The pivotability of the body part is arranged so as to reach the rotor, in particular the so-called in the event of blockages. Without such a procedure, it is hardly possible to remove or remove the wedged stone chippings. It has now been found in the invention that the impact crusher can also operate when the frame is open in its inverted position and when care is taken to provide a lateral barrier which now prevents the goods fed from above from falling out of the side. Thus, in order to convert a conventional impact crusher into a soft waste shredder, only three components are required, namely the lateral baffles and the modified unit block. With the second body part folded out, the unit block mounted thereon is located relatively far from the rotor, so that the upper body. . the material thrown in from the wedding would fall without grinding down from the gap between the unit block and the rotor. Also, with two or more unit blocks arranged in successive directions in the known impact crushers, the lower unit block in the open-inverted state would form an excessive gap with respect to the rotor. According to the invention, therefore, a second unit block is installed, the lower end of which extends close to the rotor. A unit block with a suitable inclination for automatic downward sliding of the goods to be crushed is preferably articulated in its upper region and preferably connected in its lower region to a transfer cylinder, by means of which the pivot position of the unit block can be changed. In addition, the goods to be crushed under pressure can be affected in this way. Finally, in another embodiment of the invention, a transfer cylinder articulated to the second unit block may be connected to a vibrating device 3 to 3, by means of which the goods to be crushed are subjected to a smaller or larger oscillating movement. This has the effect of shedding the ground and sand, which could otherwise lead to premature wear of the crushing tools.

In order to avoid the unloading of the goods to be crushed into the ordinary filling opening, in one embodiment of the invention it is expedient for the open side of the first body part facing the turned-away second body part to be covered with a plate or the like. The plate facilitates the downward sliding of the article to be crushed, which is fed between the open halves of the body. According to another embodiment of the invention, said plate can be formed as a compression piston which is displaceable in the direction of and back from the second body part by means of at least one transfer cylinder. With such a compression piston, the crushable article between it and the unit block can be somewhat compressed to facilitate sliding or to prevent wedging in the trough above the rotor.

As already mentioned, in the crusher according to the invention, the cross-sectional area of the feed trough can be significantly increased, so that relatively large objects, such as stumps, can be fed. The motor of the impact crusher, preferably the electric motor, is dimensioned for a certain crusher power, in which case the aim is to select the motor size so that the normally occurring operating conditions can be controlled without motor damage. If relatively large pieces to be crushed, such as less hard ones, such as stumps and the like, were fed, a relatively high power may be required from the motor. This is especially true when using blade tools instead of regular punch lists, which will be returned to below. There is a risk of the motor overloading and being damaged. Such pieces cannot therefore be processed with a crusher. Because pre-sorting is often not performed, or because it is omitted for cost reasons, it is not possible to know in advance whether there is a risk of the crusher motor being overloaded with the fed part. To prevent such cases, the crusher motor should be dimensioned significantly higher than the requirements for normal use, which significantly increases the cost of the crusher.

Another object of the invention is thus to improve an impact crusher of the type mentioned at the beginning so as to avoid overloading the crusher motor due to difficult-to-crush parts, and yet to be able to crush these parts.

This object is solved by the features of claim 6.

In the crusher according to the invention, at least one compression element is adjustably mounted above the rotor. The compression element can be formed from a second unit block or, in another embodiment of the invention, from a compression piston which is adjustably mounted by means of a transfer cylinder in the unit block of the second body part. The compression element transfer device can move the compression element to a compression position that reduces the filling cross-section above the rotor and to a retracted rest position. A current measuring device is arranged in the supply circuit of the rotor drive motor, which is connected to the control device. The control device provides a transfer signal to the transfer device for moving the compression element from the rest position to the compression position when the current exceeds a predetermined value. Shifting back in the opposite direction occurs when the current again falls below a predetermined value.

The invention is based on the observation that the rotor supply current is an indicator of the motor load. The current measuring device can thus be used to detect the overload immediately. Measuring the overload of electric motors is well known. However, the invention does not define an overload, but a value of the current which is below the value at which the motor is switched off in the case of overcurrent protectors. In connection with the invention, the rotor must continue to rotate. The purpose of the current measuring signal is only to use a clamping element so that the object to be crushed in the tray above the rotor is clamped and thus cannot slide forward. The rotor continues to rotate and can continue to process and crush the portion of the part to be crushed towards it. It usually returns to normal speed, which is observed as a decrease in the measured current. When the measured value of the current again reaches a lower value, which may also be well below the threshold value used for moving to the compression position, the compression element can be moved again to the rest position. Thus, the normal crushing operation can continue. With pieces that are very difficult to crush, especially the stems, the described operation can be repeated several times.

If the second unit block is in a relatively inclined position, and if the compression element is against the second unit block, then when the compression element is moved to the compression position, the piece to be crushed is not only held, but possibly even slightly compressed while pushed along the unit block.

It is clear that the compression position of the compression element is not a fixed weapon, but depends on the size of the part to be crushed and compressed. All that is required is that the transfer device act on the compression element with a predetermined force.

Conventional impact crushers have a so-called impact lists that interact with the unit block to produce a crushing effect. However, for soft goods, punch lists are not suitable. Punch lists alone would flatten the stuff and not be able to crush individual pieces. Therefore, in one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that blade tools can optionally be attached to the rotor.

The blade tools are then preferably formed in such a way that they can be fitted to the rotor instead of percussion bars without special structural changes 6 '-' "3. For example, beam-like blade holders can be provided to which the blade tools can be detachably attached. Such an implementation of the blade tools also has the advantage that the individual worn or destroyed blades can be replaced, since it is not necessary to arrange any blade edge extending all the way in the already mentioned way, it is advantageous if the lower edge of the unit block has blade tools. corresponding notches.The unit block between the blade tools thus extends further towards the rotor.The blade tools and the unit block are thus in a way toothed.

If it is desired to ensure that the fed article does not become stuck in the open body and that it always slides downwards, a pressing device belonging to the upper filling opening can be provided according to an embodiment of the invention. It may consist, for example, of a hatch operated by a power member, for example a hydraulic cylinder.

With conventional impact crushers, the pivot axis of the second body part is located at a certain distance from the mounting plane of the impact crusher. The resulting maximum degree of opening is sufficient to prevent blockages. However, when, according to an embodiment of the invention, the pivot shaft is placed immediately in the vicinity of the mounting plane, a larger extent of the "gap" is achieved with the body open.

The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of drawings.

Figure 1 shows a section of an impact crusher according to the invention.

Figure 2 shows a modified impact crusher according to the invention seen in the same way as in Figure 1.

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Fig. 3 schematically shows the blade tools and the lower end of the unit block of the impact crusher according to Fig. 1 or 2.

Figure 4 shows a side and front view of a blade tool for the impact crusher of Figure 1 or 2.

Figure 5 is a perspective view of a portion of the blade bar for the impact crusher of Figure 1 or 2.

Fig. 6 shows a block diagram for controlling the pressing element in the filling trough of the crusher according to Fig. 1 or 2.

The impact crusher shown in Fig. 1 has a body 10 having a first body portion 11 and a second body portion 12. The first body portion 11 has a frame 14 lying on a mounting surface 15 having a rotor 16 rotatably mounted thereon for use with an electric motor (not shown). The rotor has percussion strips 17 at circumferential distances of 90 °, which are arranged in suitable fastening devices 18. The vertical part 18a of the first body part 11 has a feed crystal 19.

The second body portion 12 is pivotally mounted at 20 on the upper left end of the body portion 14 about a horizontal axis. Figure 1 shows the body part 12 in its open position, to which it is normally moved when access to the rotor 16 is required to clear the blockage. The second body part 12 is mounted in a manner known per se in broken lines 21 and 22 pivotally mounted on upper unmarked parts. to the pivot points and articulated to the transfer rods of the transfer cylinders 23 and 24, respectively. The unit blocks 21, 22 are enabled when used iskumurskainta shown in the frame parts 11, 12 in the usual way to catch reversed, wherein the crushed goods, such as rocks are fed into the gap 19 in the direction of the arrow 25. If, on the other hand, the impact crusher is used, for example, for crushing soft waste, the unit block 22 is removed and replaced by the unit block 26 (shown in solid lines), 8, v: 3 at 27 at the pivot bearing 12 and at 28 at the transfer cylinder 29. In the position shown, the lower end of the unit block 26 extends relatively close to the circumference of the rotor 16. The unit block 21, shown in Figure 1 in two different positions, may be in its most retracted position or it may likewise be removed. Appropriately shaped dampers are placed and fastened to the sides between the frame parts 11, 12, from which only the number 30 can be seen. The dampers 30 connect the body parts 11, 12 to each other and keep them open in the inverted position. In the sauna, they delimit an outwardly open filling trough, the filling opening of which is marked 31. A sheet metal plate 32 is connected to the body part 11 on the opposite side of the unit block 26, whereby it closes the opening in the groove 19.

In the embodiment shown, the impact crusher is suitable for receiving more or less soft crushable goods, the bodies of which require a relatively large volume.

According to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, percussion strips 17 are arranged on the rotor in the manner mentioned. In order to crush softer goods, they are not particularly well suited. Therefore, it is expedient to replace the striking lists 17 with blade tools. Figure 5 shows a blade beam 40 with mounting projections 41 on the upper surface for correspondingly shaped blades. The blade bar 40 is fitted in place of the striking strips 17 in the fastening devices 18. The corresponding blade 42 is shown in Fig. 4. It has a curved contour seen from the front, the arc being formed by the blade edge 43, the intermediate surface 44 being recessed, as shown in the left view of Fig. 4. The plane on which the blade edge 43 is located is inclined radially obliquely forward. The underside of the blade 42 is formed so that the blade 42 can be conveniently attached to the mounting projections 41, for example by means of a suitable screwing.

Figure 3 schematically shows a plurality of such blades 42 as arranged along the blade bar. In addition, Figure 3 shows the lower area of the unit block. It will be seen that the lower edge is a notch 45 shaped like a blade bar 40 or blades 42, in which the blades 42 run as the rotor 15 rotates. By using the transfer cylinder 29, the distance between the unit block 26 and the blade bar, i.e. the rotor, can be changed and thus the size of the goods to be crushed can be determined. Otherwise, it is clear that the articulation point 27 of the unit block 26 can also be connected to an externally imported transfer cylinder for transferring the unit block in an arbitrary manner. In this case, however, the unit block 21 must be deleted.

Fig. 2 shows a view similar to Fig. 1, so that the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals.

Fig. 2 shows the frame parts 11, 12 again in their open position, but the dampers 30 according to Fig. 1 have not yet been installed. The unit blocks 21, 22 arranged for normal use of the impact crusher are removed, in particular the unit block 21, so as to make room for a relatively large unit block 50, the upper end of which extends close to the upper end of the open body 12, and which is mounted near it at 51. Near the lower end, the transfer rod of the hydraulic cylinder 52 engages articulated thereto. It is clear that the articulation point 51 can also be connected by a hydraulic cylinder. The lower end of the unit block 50 may resemble, for example, the unit block 26 of Figure 1 when the impact strips 17 are replaced with the blade tools shown in Figures 3 and 4. The open end to the left of the vertical portion 18 of the first body portion 11 is covered by a plate-like compression piston 55 suspended from the transfer rods of the two transfer cylinders 56, 57. Transfer cylinders 56, 57 are connected to the schematically illustrated plate 58 which is secured by suitable means to the first body part 11 of the transfer cylinder 56, 57 can be handled by the piston 55 to move in the direction of the double arrow 60, for applying corresponding pressure supplied to the pressure from above, crushed material.

In the block diagram of Figure 6, the rotor 16 is driven by an electric motor 60 connected to an AC voltage source 62 via line 61. Line 61 includes a current converter 63 connected to control device 64. The control device controls hydraulic cylinders 56, 57 via corresponding line 65 If the current value in line 61 reaches a predetermined value, then the control member 64 controls the cylinders 56, 57 so as to move the compression piston 55 towards the unit block 50. The crushable body above the rotor 16 is then compressed between the compression piston 55 and the unit block 50. It does not can no longer slide downwards and the rotor 16 or its strokes 17 can still rotate freely, and thus the rotor can again reach its normal speed.This is reflected in the current of the line 61, which is again measured, and if this value reaches a predetermined value, the control device 64 causes the hydraulic cylinders to 56, 5 7 by moving the compression piston 55 back, for example to the initial position. This operation may be repeated several times. Holding or squeezing the part to be crushed prevents undesired overloading of the motor 60 and nevertheless ensures that difficult-to-crush parts are also gradually chopped.

Claims (14)

An impact crusher having a body (10) having a first body portion (11) having an upper filling opening and a second body portion (12) pivotally mounted horizontally on a shaft near the mounting surface in the first body portion, and having at least one unit block (21), and in which the impact crusher has a rotor (16) with crushing tools driven by a drive motor, pivotally mounted on the first body part (11), characterized in that means for the second unit block (26) are arranged in the second body part (12). or 50) for mounting, the lower end of which extends close to the rotor (16) with the second body part (12) in the open position, and that the body parts (11, 12) in the open position of the second body part can be connected by lateral plate-forming elements (30) or equivalent. 1 1 '' ·. **%,. / 5 Impact crusher according to Claim 1, characterized in that the articulation point of the second unit block (26, 50) is located in the upper region and that a transfer cylinder (29, 52) is articulated to the second unit block (26, 50) at a distance downwards. Impact crusher according to Claim 2, characterized in that a vibrating device is provided for the transfer cylinder (29, 52). Impact crusher according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the upper end of the second unit block (50). extends close to the upper end of the second body portion (12) in the open position. Impact crusher according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the open side 12 ..... 7 · / s facing the second body part (12) facing away from the first body part (11). » is covered by a plate (32) or the like, the plate being formed as a compression piston (55) movable towards and away from the second body portion (12) by at least one transfer cylinder (56, 57). Impact crusher, in particular according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least one compression element (55) is movably mounted above the rotor (16), which can be moved by a transfer device (56, 57) to reduce the feed cross-section above the rotor (16). position and a retracted rest position, a current measuring device (63) connected to the control device (64) is provided for the supply circuit (61) of the drive motor (60) of the rotor (16), and that the control device (64) provides a transfer signal to the transfer device (56), 57) to move the compression element (55) from the rest position to the compression position when the current exceeds a predetermined value. Impact crusher according to Claims 1 and 6, characterized in that the compression element consists of a compression piston (55) and a transfer device of transfer cylinders (56, 57) arranged thereon. Impact crusher according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that percussion strips (17) or blade tools (42) known per se can optionally be connected to the rotor (16), the blade tools (42) being arranged at axial distances to the rotor (17). , and wherein the lower edge of the second unit block (26) facing them has notches (45) arranged in the shape of the blades (42) and passing the blades (42) as the rotor rotates. Impact crusher according to Claim 8, characterized in that the rotor (16) can be provided with beam-like 1 3 '' 'blades (40) to which the blade tools (42) can be detachably attached. Impact crusher according to Claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the blade tools have arcuate, inverted U- or V-shaped blade edges (43) which are inclined radially outwards. Impact crusher according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a pressing device is provided for the upper filling opening (31) and has a hatch accessible by a force element. Impact crusher according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the articulation point of the second unit block (26, 50) is articulated to the second transfer cylinder. Impact crusher according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the pivot axis of the second body part is located immediately on the mounting surface (15). 14 v; ”3