EP0380811A2 - Impact crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

Impact crusher having a housing which has a first housing section containing an upper filling opening and a second housing section which is mounted on the first housing section so as to pivot about a horizontal axis lying near to the support surface and bears at least one monobloc, and having a rotor rotatably mounted on the first housing section, driven by a drive motor and containing crushing mechanisms, means for the selective application of a further monobloc being provided on the second housing section, said monobloc extending with its lower end near to the rotor when the second housing section is located in the swivelled-away position and it being possible to connect the housing sections in the swivelled-away position of the second housing section by means of lateral plate-like elements or the like forming a filling funnel. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to an impact crusher according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Impact crushers are commonly known as crushers. The feed material freed from the fine material by a sieve or grate passes between blow bars of a rotatingly driven rotor and baffle plates or so-called monoblocks and is crushed between them to a predetermined grain.

Known impact crushers or impact mills are normally designed for certain types of rock to be crushed, for example hard rock, medium-hard rock, etc. In addition, they are designed for certain degrees of comminution, which, however, are determined by Ver position of the monoblocks can be changed within limits. If the known impact mills are used in quarries, they will find a certain rock and can be set up accordingly. However, crushers are increasingly being used in recycling, for example of building materials such as rubble, road construction or the like. Such a material comes in very different grain sizes and hardness. It is not possible to provide the appropriate impact crusher for this. Impact mills are very complex devices that, if possible, must be used in continuous operation in order to work cost-effectively. When recycling, in particular also of domestic and industrial waste, the amount produced varies greatly, so that downtimes can be more or less long. Above all, conventional impact mills are unable to shred soft waste, such as wood, tree stumps, but also other relatively soft material. The opening of conventional impact mills is usually sufficiently large for the crushing of rock. In recycling, on the other hand, there are feed pieces, for example tree stumps, which cannot pass through the filling opening of an impact mill without prior processing.

The object of the invention is to make a conventional impact mill convertible into a crusher for soft waste or the like by means of additional components and simple assembly steps.

This object is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

The invention takes advantage of the fact that conventional impact crushers consist of two housing sections which can be pivoted away from one another. The pivotability of a housing section serves to provide access to the rotor, in particular in the case of so-called stoppers. Without such a measure, it is hardly possible to loosen or remove a jammed rock. In the invention, it has now been recognized that an impact crusher can work even when the housing is in the opened state and care is taken that a lateral boundary is provided which prevents the material which has now been input from above from falling out laterally. For the conversion of a conventional impact crusher into a shredding device for soft waste, essentially only three components are necessary, namely the side boundary plates and a modified mono block. When the second housing section is pivoted away, the monoblock mounted on it lies relatively far from the rotor, so that material thrown in from above would fall through the gap between the monoblock and the rotor without being crushed. Even in the case of two or more monoblocks which are spaced one behind the other in known impact crushers in the working direction, the lower monoblock in the opened state would form an excessively large gap with the rotor. According to the invention, another monoblock is therefore installed, the lower end of which comes close to the motor. The monoblock, which has a suitable slope, which ensures that the material to be shredded automatically slides down, is preferably pivotably articulated in the upper region and is preferably connected in the lower region to an adjusting cylinder, via which the pivoting position of the monoblock can be changed. In addition, pressure can be exerted on the material to be shredded in this way. Finally, according to one embodiment of the invention, the adjusting cylinder, which is articulated to the further monoblock, can be connected to a vibration device with which the material to be shredded is set into more or less strong vibrations. These cause the soil and sand to be shaken off, which can otherwise lead to premature wear of the shredding tools.

In order to prevent material to be shredded from escaping through the usual filling opening, it is expedient according to one embodiment of the invention to cover the open side of the first housing section facing the pivoted-down second housing section with a plate or the like. This plate facilitates the sliding down of material to be shredded, which is inserted between the folded-down housing halves. According to a further embodiment of the invention, said plate can be designed as a press die which can be moved in the direction of the second housing section and away from it by means of at least one adjusting cylinder. With the help of such a press ram, the material to be shredded located between this and the monoblock can be compressed to a certain extent in order to facilitate slipping or to prevent jamming in the funnel above the rotor.

As already mentioned, in the crusher according to the invention the cross section of the hopper can be increased considerably, so that relatively large objects, such as tree stumps, can be fed. The motor of an impact crusher, preferably an electric motor, is designed for a certain crusher output, the aim being to choose the size of the motor so that the operating conditions that usually occur are without damage can be mastered for the engine. If very large pieces to be broken are given up, for example of a consistency that is not as hard as tree stumps or the like, the motor may be required to perform quite well. This is particularly the case if knife tools are used instead of the usual blow bars, which will be discussed further below. There is a risk that the motor will be overloaded and damaged. Such pieces can therefore not be processed with the impact crusher. Since pre-sorting is often not carried out or is omitted for cost reasons, it cannot be determined from the outset whether the risk of overloading the crusher motor is to be feared in the case of a discontinued item. In order to deal with such incidents, the crusher motor would have to be designed considerably larger than required for normal operation, which considerably increases the effort for the crusher.

The invention is therefore based on the further object of improving an impact mill of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that overloading of the crusher motor due to components which are difficult to break is avoided and these components can nevertheless be broken.

This object is solved by the features of claim 7.

In the crusher according to the invention, at least one clamping element is adjustably mounted above the rotor. The clamping element can be formed by the further monoblock or, according to another embodiment of the invention, by a press ram which is adjustably mounted on the other housing part with respect to the monoblock by means of an adjusting cylinder. The adjusting device for the clamping element can adjust the clamping element above the rotor into a clamping position that reduces the feed cross section and into a retracted rest position. A current measuring device, which is connected to a control device, is assigned to the supply circuit for the drive motor of the rotor. The control device outputs an actuating signal to the adjusting device for adjusting the clamping element from the rest position to the clamping position when the current exceeds a predetermined value. An adjustment in the opposite direction takes place when the current falls below a predetermined value again.

The invention is based on the knowledge that the supply current for the rotor is an indicator of the load on the motor. With the help of the current measuring device, the overload can thus be easily detected. Overload measurement is generally known for electric motors. In the invention, however, is not the over load, but a current value that is below the value at which the motor is switched off in the event of overload protection. In the invention, the rotor should continue to rotate. The current measurement signal only serves to actuate the clamping element so that the piece to be broken is clamped in the funnel above the rotor and can therefore not slide further. The rotor continues to turn and can further process and shred the facing section of the piece to be broken. It gradually returns to normal speed, which is reflected in the reduction in the measured current. If the measured current value again reaches a lower value, which can also be significantly below the threshold value that is used for the adjustment to the clamping position, the clamping element can be moved back into the rest position. The usual breaking operation can therefore be continued. In the case of pieces that are very difficult to break, in particular tree stumps, the described process can be repeated several times.

If the further monoblock is in a relatively inclined position and the clamping element is located opposite the further monoblock, the piece to be broken is not only held in place when the clamping element is moved into the clamping position, but is possibly pushed up a little by: using the assigned area of the monoblock as a ramp, is pushed along the monoblock.

It is understood that the clamping position of the clamping element is not a fixed position, but depends on the size of the piece to be broken and clamped. It is only necessary that the adjusting device acts on the clamping element with a predetermined force.

Conventional impact mills have so-called blow bars, which in combination with the monoblock cause the crushing effect. Blow bars are not suitable for softer goods. Blow bars would only squeeze the goods and would not be able to shred them into individual pieces. Therefore, an embodiment of the invention provides that knife tools can optionally be attached to the rotor.

The knife tools are preferably designed so that they can be used on the rotor instead of the blow bars without special conversion measures. For example, bar-like knife holders can be provided, on which the knife tools can be releasably attached. The cutter bars are attached to the rotor instead of the blow bars and in turn serve to attach individual cutter tools, which are preferably arranged at intervals from one another are. This design of the knife tools also has the advantage that individual worn or destroyed knives can be replaced. Since, as mentioned, no continuous knife edge has to be provided, it is advantageous if the lower edge of the monoblock facing the rotor has recesses corresponding to the knife tools that pass through the knife tools when the rotor is rotating. The monoblock therefore extends further to the rotor between the knife tools. Knife tools and monoblock are therefore somewhat interlocked.

If it is to be ensured that the specified material does not get stuck when the housing is opened and always slips, a pressing device can be provided according to one embodiment of the invention, which is assigned to the upper filling opening. It can be formed, for example, by a flap which is actuated by a force element, for example a hydraulic cylinder.

In conventional impact mills, the pivot axis for the second housing section lies at a certain distance from the contact surface of the impact crusher. The maximum opening width caused in this way is sufficient to eliminate stoppers. If, however, according to one embodiment of the invention, the pivot axis is immediately close to the footprint is arranged, a larger "mouth width" is achieved with the housing opened.

• Fig. 1 zeigt im Schnitt seitlich einen Prallbrecher nach der Erfindung.
• Fig. 2 zeigt eine ähnliche Ansicht wie Fig. 1 mit einem leicht abgewandelten Prallbrecher nach der Erfin­dung.
• Fig. 3 zeigt schematisch die Messerwerkzeuge und das untere Ende eines Monoblocks für Prallbrecher nach Fig. 1 oder 2.
• Fig. 4 zeigt die Seitenansicht und die Frontansicht eines Messerwerkzeugs für einen Prallbrecher nach Fig. 1 oder 2.
• Fig. 5 zeigt perspektivisch einen Teil eines Messerbalkens für einen Prallbrecher nach Fig. 1 oder 2.
• Fig. 6 zeigt ein Blockschaltbild zur Steuerung eines Klemm­ elements im Einfülltrichter eines Brechers nach Fig. 1 oder 2.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.

• Fig. 1 shows in section an impact crusher according to the invention.
• Fig. 2 shows a view similar to Fig. 1 with a slightly modified impact crusher according to the invention.
• 3 schematically shows the knife tools and the lower end of a monoblock for impact crusher according to FIG. 1 or 2.
• FIG. 4 shows the side view and the front view of a knife tool for an impact crusher according to FIG. 1 or 2.
• 5 shows a perspective view of part of a cutter bar for an impact crusher according to FIG. 1 or 2.
• Fig. 6 shows a block diagram for controlling a clamp elements in the hopper of a crusher according to FIG. 1 or 2.

The impact crusher shown in FIG. 1 has a housing 10 with a first housing section 11 and a second housing section 12. The first housing section 11 has a lying frame 14 with a contact surface 15, in which a rotor 16 is rotatably mounted, which is supported by a Electric motor, not shown, is driven. The rotor carries blow bars 17 at a circumferential distance of 90 °, which are attached in suitable clamping devices 18. The upright section 18a of the first housing section 11 has a feed mouth 19.

The second housing section 12 is mounted at 20 on the left upper end of the frame section 14 so as to be pivotable about a horizontal axis. 1 shows the housing section 12 in the opened position, as is normally assumed when access to the rotor 16 is required to remove the stopper. The second housing section 12 supports, in a manner known per se, dashed monoblocks 21 and 22, which are pivotally mounted at upper pivot points (not specified in any more detail) and are articulated at a distance from them on adjusting rods of adjusting cylinders 23 and 24, respectively. The monoblocks 21, 22 are in one set when the impact crusher shown is operated with the housing sections 11, 12 folded together in a conventional manner, the material to be shredded, for example rock material, being fed into the mouth 19 in the direction of arrow 25. If, on the other hand, the impact crusher is used, for example, to shred soft waste, the monoblock 22 is removed, and a monoblock 26 (shown in solid lines) takes its place, which is pivotally mounted at 27 in the housing section 12 and on which the adjusting rod 28 is at 28 Adjusting cylinder 29 is articulated. In the position shown, the lower end of the monoblock 26 extends relatively close to the circumference of the rotor 16. The monoblock 21, which is shown in two different positions in FIG. 1, can assume the most withdrawn position or can also be removed. Correspondingly shaped sheets are inserted and fastened laterally between the housing sections 11, 12, one of which can be seen at 30. The sheets 30 connect the housing sections 11, 12 to one another and hold them in the unfolded position. At the same time, they delimit a filling funnel which is open at the top and whose filling opening is labeled 31. A sheet metal plate 32 is connected to the first housing section 11 on the side opposite the monoblock 26 and blocks the passage to the mouth 19.

In the embodiment shown, the impact crusher is suitable for picking up more or less soft material to be shredded, the pieces of which can take up a relatively large volume.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, blow bars 17 are attached to the rotor 16, as mentioned. They are not particularly suitable for shredding softer goods. It is therefore expedient to replace the blow bars 17 with knife tools. 5 shows a knife bar 40 which has mounting projections 41 in its upper side for correspondingly shaped knives. The cutter bar 40 is received by the clamping devices 18 instead of the blow bars 17. A corresponding knife 42 is shown in FIG. 4. Viewed from the front, it has an arcuate contour, the arc being formed by a knife edge or knife edge 43, while the surface 44 located in between is recessed, as can be seen in dashed lines in the left-hand illustration of FIG. 4. The plane in which the knife edge 43 lies is inclined obliquely forward radially outward. The underside of the knife 42 is designed so that the knife 42 can be conveniently attached to the mounting projections 41, for example with the aid of a suitable screw connection.

In Fig. 3 several such knives 42 are indicated schematically, as they are arranged along a knife bar. The lower region of the monoblock 26 is also indicated in FIG. 3. It can be seen that the lower edge is shaped in accordance with the cutter bar 40 or the cutters 42, and thus has recesses 45 through which the cutters 42 pass when the rotor 16 rotates. By actuating the adjusting cylinder 29, the distance between the monoblock 26 and the cutter bar or the rotor can be changed and the size of the material to be shredded can thus be determined. It goes without saying that the articulation point 27 of the monoblock 26 can also be connected to an externally attached adjusting cylinder in order to adjust the monoblock 26 as desired in one plane. In this case, however, the monoblock 21 must be removed.

Fig. 2 shows a similar representation as Fig. 1, so that the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals.

2, the housing sections 11, 12 are again shown in the opened state, but the metal sheets 30 according to FIG. 1 have not yet been installed. The monoblocks 21, 22, which are provided for the normal operation of the impact crusher, are preferably removed, in particular the monoblock 21, by a relatively long monoblock 50 space whose upper end extends close to the upper end of the opened housing section 12 and is pivotally mounted at 51 at a distance from it. Near the lower end, the adjusting rod of a hydraulic cylinder 52 articulates. It goes without saying that a hydraulic cylinder can also act on the pivot point 51. The lower end of the monoblock 50 can, for example, be the same as that of the monoblock 26 according to FIG. 1 if the baffle strips 17 are replaced by knife tools shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. The left open end of the upright section 18 of the first housing section 11 is covered by a plate-shaped press ram 55 which is suspended from the adjusting rods of two adjusting cylinders 56, 57. The adjusting cylinders 56, 57 are held on a plate 58, which is shown schematically and is fastened in the first housing section 11 with the aid of suitable precautions. With the aid of the adjusting cylinders 56, 57, the punch 55 can be adjusted in the direction of the double arrow 60 in order to exert a corresponding pressing pressure on the material to be shredded which is filled in from above.

6, the rotor 16 is driven by an electric motor 60, which is connected to an AC voltage source 62 via a line 61. The line 61 is associated with a current transformer 63 which is connected to a control device 64. The control device 64 controls the hydraulic cylinders 56, 57 for the press ram 55 via a corresponding line 65. When the value of the current in the line 61 reaches a predetermined amount, the control member 64 controls the cylinders 56, 57 so that the ram 55 in Move towards the monoblock 50. A piece to be broken located above the rotor 16 is thereby clamped between the punch 55 and the monoblock 50. It can no longer slide and the rotor 16 or its blow bars 17 can gradually freeze, and the rotor can thus return to its normal speed. This is reflected in the lowering of the current in the line 61, which in turn is measured, and if this value reaches a predetermined amount, the control device 64 causes the ram 55 to be reset via the hydraulic cylinders 56, 57, for example to the starting position. This process can be repeated several times. Holding or jamming the piece to be broken prevents undesirable overloading of the motor 60 and nevertheless ensures that even difficult pieces to be broken are gradually shredded.

Claims (17)

1. Impact crusher with a housing which has a first housing section containing an upper filling opening and a second housing section which is pivotably mounted on the first housing section about a horizontal axis near the contact surface and carries at least one monoblock, and is rotatable with one on the first housing section Mounted rotor driven by a drive motor and containing crushing tools, characterized in that means are provided on the second housing section (12) for optionally attaching a further monoblock (26 or 50), the lower end of which comes close to the rotor (16) when the second housing section (12) is in the pivoted-down position and the housing sections (11, 12) in the pivoted-down position of the second housing section can be connected by lateral plate-like elements (30) or the like forming a filling funnel. 2. Impact crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the articulation point of the further monoblock (26, 50) lies in an upper region and at a distance from it an adjustment cylinder (29, 52) is articulated at the bottom of the second monoblock (26, 50). 3. impact crusher according to claim 2, characterized in that the adjusting cylinder (29, 50) is assigned a vibration device. 4. Impact crusher according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the upper end of the further monoblock (50) up to close to the upper end of the second housing section (12) in the pivoted position. 5. impact crusher according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the pivoted second housing section (12) facing open side of the first housing section (11) with a plate (32) or the like can be covered. 6. Impact crusher according to claim 5, characterized in that the plate is designed as a press ram (55) which is movable in the direction of the second housing section (12) and away from this by means of at least one adjusting cylinder (56, 57). 7. impact crusher, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that above the rotor (16) at least one clamping element (55) is adjustably mounted, which by an adjusting device (56, 57) in a the feed cross section above the rotor ( 16) reducing position and a retracted rest position can be adjusted, the supply circuit (61) for the drive motor (60) of the rotor (16) is assigned a current measuring device (63), which is connected to a control device (64), and the control device ( 64) gives an actuating signal to the adjusting device (56, 57) for adjusting the clamping element (55) from the rest position to the clamping position when the current falls below a predetermined value. 8. impact crusher according to claim 1 and 7, characterized in that the clamping element is formed by the further monoblock. 9. impact crusher according to claim 1 and 7, characterized in that the clamping element is formed by the press ram (55) and the adjusting device by the associated adjusting cylinders (56, 57). 10. Impact crusher according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized characterized in that blow bars (17) or knife tools (42) known per se can be attached to the rotor (16). 11. impact crusher according to claim 10, characterized in that the knife tools (42) in the axial direction at intervals on the rotor (17) can be attached and the facing lower edge of the further monoblock (26) has recesses (45) that match the shape of the knife (42) are adapted and which the knives (42) pass when the rotor rotates. 12. Impact crusher according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that bar-like knives (40) can be attached to the rotor (16), on which the knife tools (42) can be detachably fastened. 13. Impact crusher according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the knife tools have an arcuate, inverted U- or V-shaped cutting edge (43) which is inclined radially outwards to the front. 14. Impact crusher according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the upper filling opening (31) is associated with a pressing device. 15. Impact crusher according to claim 14, characterized in that it has a flap which can be actuated by a force member. 16. Impact crusher according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the articulation point for the further monoblock (26, 50) is articulated on a further adjusting cylinder. 17. Impact crusher according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the pivot axis for the second housing section lies directly on the contact surface (15).

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