EP2698207B1 - Multi-area dual shaft cutting system - Google Patents

Description

Field of the invention

The present invention relates to a multi-range twin-shaft cutting system for comminuting material, especially in the form of waste products.

State of the art

Commercial waste, industrial waste, household waste, production waste such as (Hard) plastic, textiles, composites, rubber, wood, waste wood (such as pallets and chipboard), biomass, shrubbery, domestic and Baumischabfall etc. require before their final disposal or in particular before returning to the recycling and energy recovery, shredding. For comminution, single or multi-shaft shredders are known in the prior art, which are charged for example by wheel loaders, forklifts or conveyor belts via a hopper for material application.

The material to be crushed is conveyed for example by means of intake elements in the separation region of the waves and processed there.

The EP 0 529 221 B1 describes a twin-shaft shredding system with counter-driven crusher rolls.

The US 5 048 764 A discloses a device for shredding and shredding solid waste material, in particular used tires.

The DE 94 15 955 U1 discloses a shredder for waste or waste mixtures with particular reference to the lowest possible energy consumption.

The DE 28 31 953 A1 discloses a ripper for paper and thin, sheet-like materials.

Due to refracting tools, comminution according to the state of the art results in a high, no longer contemporary energy requirement / expenditure of energy. Furthermore, due to a coarse, undefined crushing in the final product follows a high proportion of unwanted oversize. This complicates the further processing and marketing of the shredded material.

Furthermore, according to the state of the art, cutting shredding systems also exist in the two-shaft principle. However, these have the problem that the throughput is reduced enormously, since the tools must be built closer to avoid a high proportion of outliers, so unwanted oversize grain.

Furthermore, there is the problem that the wear within a crushing unit drastically increases due to blocking, abrasive material, the service life is thereby greatly reduced.

All these systems have only 1 - 2 parting lines or separation processes within a passage, so a revolution of the crushing tools, and are thus often not economical enough.

It is an object of the novel multigrade two-shaft crushing system, in view of the above-discussed problems of the prior art, to provide a multigrade two-shaft crushing system, a more economical and efficient, in particular more energy-efficient, crushing system, wherein the efficiency of crushing one pass, ie in one revolution the crushing tools is increased. Further, the system is expected to reduce wear on the shredding system and shredding tools over the prior art.

description

The above object is achieved with a multi-range twin-shaft cutting system according to claim 1.

The invention provides a multi-section twin-shaft cutting system for crushing material, comprising: two substantially parallel, counter-rotating shafts, each shaft being surrounded by a roller body; a plurality of support elements, each support element being mounted substantially radially around the roller body, wherein preferably each support element has a radially, wavy, rounded or angular or edged circumferential line; a plurality of separating elements, which are disc-and / or plate-like, which are each mounted substantially tangentially on the peripheral region of the support elements; wherein the support elements are arranged spaced around the roller body such that in each case a separating element engages on a support element of a shaft between two immediately adjacent support elements of the other shaft; wherein for each shaft between each two adjacent support elements of this wave on the roller body of the shaft counterparts are attached, which are mounted correspondingly to the separating elements of the other shaft, that the separating elements of the other shaft in opposite engagement in the space of the two immediately adjacent support members cutting and / or fracturing a shaft against the corresponding counterpart dividing elements so that the material is comminuted; wherein in each case the separating elements of a shaft are arranged so corresponding to the separating elements of the other shaft, that in counter-engagement of the separating elements of the waves, a separating element of a shaft against a corresponding separating element of the other shaft cutting works, the leading edge of the separating element of a shaft against the front edge of the other separating element of the other shaft facing away from the edge works. The two oppositely driven shafts are typically arranged in parallel at a distance, so that the separating elements of a shaft can engage between two directly adjacent support elements of the other shaft. This creates a gap between the two shafts, in which the comminution of the material to be shredded happens. It is understood that the respective separating elements of a shaft do not reach the outer surface of the roller body. The roll body can also have a different geometry, such as a polygonal geometry, such as hexagonal or octagonal. It is further understood that in the opposite intervention and at least the outer regions of each of a separating element of a wave in the space between engage two immediately adjacent support elements of the other shaft. The support elements are typically formed like a disk. The opposite drive direction of the two waves defines, for example, a catchment area of the system approximately above an imaginary plane, which is laid by the two longitudinal axes of the waves and a discharge area below this level, these areas approximately upwards by the beginning of the counter-engagement, downwards approximately be limited by the end of the opposing engagement between the two waves.

The separating elements of a shaft tangentially arranged on the support elements can be effectively supported, in particular in their function, by counterpart separation elements, which are arranged correspondingly arranged on the roller body of the other shaft. Thus, a separating element can work against a counterpart separating element. The term work is intended to mean that comminuted material, in particular cut between the separator and the corresponding counterpart separating element. In this case, the term corresponding arrangement is intended to mean that the arrangement of said elements, ie separating elements, counter separating element, supporting elements, it allows that in opposite rotation of the waves, these elements come so close that material is crushed between these elements. There is typically a corresponding separating element for each separating element. It goes without saying that the counterpart separating element can be made in one piece, but it is also possible for the counterpart separating element to be composed of several pieces. It is understood that a plurality of separating elements can typically be mounted symmetrically on the peripheral region of the support elements. The typically disk-shaped, circumferentially wave-like shape of the support elements promotes better circulation of the material to be shredded and at the same time facilitates or optimizes the intake of the material. The support elements may preferably have a wavy or rosette-shaped circumferential or circumferential region. As a result, the circulation and the collection can be further improved enormously. At the same time, this reduces the energy required for shredding. The number of maxima of the waveshape of the support elements can be denoted by n, where n is a natural number. The separating elements can be attached to all or at least some of these maxima. The number of separating elements can be, for example, n = 4 or n = 6, corresponding to the number of maxima. But it is also conceivable another number of separating elements. The separating elements are typically symmetrical, but also unsystematic, mounted around the supporting element. This also applies to support elements that, for example, have no waveform on the circumference. The symmetry n will typically be the same for all supporting elements, but may also be chosen differently.

In the multigrade two-shaft cutting system, the separators of one shaft are disposed corresponding to the separators of the other shaft so that, when the separators of the shafts engage in opposite directions, a separator of one shaft will break against an immediately adjacent separator of the other shaft. As described above, the dividing elements are typically fastened to the supporting elements in such a way that the dividing element is fastened approximately at its center to the supporting element which is perpendicular thereto. A separator of a shaft is thus tangential, approximately centrally attached to the support member. A separator of a shaft, for simplicity's sake referred to as the first separator, can engage between two adjacent support members of the other shaft. These adjacent supporting elements of the other shaft in turn carry separating elements which move in the opposite direction to the first separating element. As a result, material to be shredded can be cut, cracked or broken between the first separating element and an adjacent separating element of the other shaft. This comminution typically takes place in the catchment area. As a result, the material to be crushed can be broken and / or cut and torn very early. In the multigrade two-shaft cutting system, the partition members of one shaft may each have, at least at their leading edges with respect to the counterpart members of the other shaft, a cutting portion which is bevelled, for example.

The disc-like and / or plate-like and / or knife-like separating elements may have a rectangular, parallelogram-like or quadrangular shape. It is understood that the separating elements are typically fastened to the support elements such that the separating element is fastened approximately at its center to the support element which is perpendicular thereto. The front edge region of the separating elements, referred to briefly as the leading edge, which points towards the gap when the waves rotate counter to one another, can exert a higher pressure on a smaller area by means of a cutting region, so that the efficiency of the working process, ie the cutting by cutting against the counterpart separating element, is increased can.

In the multi-section two-shaft cutting system, the dividing elements of the shaft may be formed in width so that the width is slightly smaller than the respective distance between the two opposing support elements, so that in opposite engagement elements, the waves in the opposing support elements, a separating element of a shaft against two immediately adjacent support members of the other wave breaking and / or cutting sideways works. In the multigrade two-shaft cutting system, the separating elements of one shaft may be arranged corresponding to the separating elements of the other shaft such that, when the separating elements of the shafts engage in opposite directions, a separating element of the one shaft opposes a corresponding separating element of the other shaft is working cutting, in particular, the front edge of the separating element of the one shaft working against the front edge of the other separating element facing away from edge.

As described above, a partition member of one shaft, which is referred to as a first partition member for convenience, can be engaged between two adjacent support members of the other shaft. These adjacent supporting elements of the other shaft in turn carry separating elements which move in the opposite direction to the first separating element. The separating elements of the other shaft may be arranged corresponding to the first separating element of a shaft such that the front edge of the first separating element can perform a crushing operation against the edge facing away from the leading edge of the other separating element of the other shaft, ie the rear edge. In this case, there is typically an overlap in the axial direction between the front edge of the first separating element and the rear edge of the corresponding separating element. This is typically done in the outlet area of the system. As a result, material is shredded again.

In the multi-range twin-shaft cutting system, the separating elements of one shaft may be arranged corresponding to the separating elements of the other shaft and the counter-separating elements of the other shaft, that within a single opposite rotation of both waves in opposite directions of the separating elements of the waves, first a separating element a shaft against a directly adjacent pair of support members of the other shaft cutting and / or breaking works, then the separating element of a shaft against the separating element corresponding to this separating elements of the other shaft cutting works and then the separating element of a shaft against the separating element of the other shaft which is mounted corresponding to this separating element, against which the front edge of the other separating element facing away edge, cutting works.

The arrangement of the separating elements of a shaft corresponding to the separating elements of the other shaft and corresponding to the counterpart separating elements of the other shaft thus allows four separation processes / comminution processes with respect to the material to be comminuted within a single opposite rotation of the two waves. The first separation process consists, for example, in that the material is drawn, broken and torn between a separating element of one shaft, which for reasons of simplicity is referred to as a first separating element, and a separating element of the other shaft, which is referred to as a second separating element for the sake of simplicity. The first separation process typically occurs in the catchment area of the two support elements of the other shaft.

Immediately afterwards, the separating element of one shaft is inserted between the two supporting elements of the other shaft. Characterized that the separating elements only slightly smaller in width than the distance between the support elements of the other shaft, it comes between the separating element and the corrugated side edges of the support element to a second predominantly refractive, but also a cutting and tearing second crushing process. This second separation or comminution process typically still takes place in the catchment area of the two support elements. Thereafter, for example, in the same reverse rotation of the two shafts, the material between the first separating element and a corresponding counterpart separating element of the other shaft comminuted, separated, cut. This third separation process typically also takes place in a region between the two support elements of the other shaft. Thereafter, for example, in the same opposite rotation of the two waves, the material between the first separator of the one shaft and the separator of the other wave again crushed, cut approximately. In particular, the front edge of the separating element of the one shaft works against the edge facing away from the front edge of the other separating element. This fourth separation process typically occurs in the discharge area of the system. By combining the four separation processes, the material can be comminuted particularly effectively and evenly. The result is a uniform in the grain end product, which is almost free of unwanted oversize. The comminuted material can reach virtually the point of commercialization without the need for further complicated downstream technology, such as screening technology. Furthermore, the energy requirement for crushing due to the uniform intake of the material to be crushed and the wave-like shape of the support elements is greatly reduced. Disconnecting on four levels, ie in four sections during only one pass of the shafts, as described above, reduces the energy requirement, the wear and optimizes the uniformity of the output shredded material.

In the multigrade two-shaft cutting system, each separator of one shaft may correspond to two counterparts of two immediately adjacent support members of the other shaft, the two counterparts being spaced axially between the two support members.

In the multigrade two-shaft cutting system, the counterpart dividing members may be provided directly on the support members on the roll body.

The countertraction elements can be formed virtually directly on the support elements or be suitably fastened or welded to the support elements. It goes without saying that the radial height of the counterparts is typically less than the radial height of the support elements.

In the multigrade two-shaft cutting system, the counterpart dividing elements can be cuboidal or rectangular in shape and, in particular, can be provided perpendicular to the support elements in the axial direction.

In the multigrade two-shaft cutting system, the counterpart dividers may each have, at their leading edges facing the other shaft, a cutting area which is bevelled, for example.

The counterparts may be formed cuboid or like a block, whereby an anvil-like action against the corresponding separating elements can be achieved. Likewise, the counterpart separating elements in turn may have, at their leading edges facing the other shaft, a cutting area which is bevelled, for example, so that in each case the cutting area of the counterpart separating element and of the corresponding separating element can achieve a cutting action.

In the multi-section twin-shaft cutting system, the leading edges of the divider elements may be disposed substantially in the axial direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shaft or the leading edges of the divider elements may be inclined at an angle α to the longitudinal axis of the shaft, where 0 ° <α <90 ° °, preferably 0 ° <α <45 °.

Due to the slope of the leading edges of the separating elements, the separating elements can be adapted to specific comminution tasks.

In the multigrade two-shaft cutting system, the divisional elements of the other shaft corresponding to the partition members of one shaft may be arranged in accordance with the slope of the corresponding partition members.

The counterpart dividing elements are typically arranged according to the slope of the separating elements in order to produce the highest possible efficiency. If the slope is 0 °, i. the leading edges of the separating elements are substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shaft in the axial direction, for example, the slope of the separating elements is also 0 °.

The multi-range twin-shaft cutting system may further include a plurality of catch elements that may be attached to at least some of the support members at its outer periphery substantially radially to the longitudinal axis of the shaft, wherein the catch elements are typically bent like a hook, so that they predominantly on the other Wave show.

The catch elements can be provided, for example, on every second or third support element. It may be provided on all or at least some of the separating elements for a support element with catch elements, the catch elements. In this case, the catching elements may be present approximately at the position of the separating elements in the middle of the separating elements. It is understood that the catch elements are formed so that they do not touch the surface of the roller body of the other shaft upon rotation of the waves. The catch elements improve the feeding of uncut material into the catchment area of the two shafts.

In the multi-range twin-shaft cutting system, the support elements may each have a protective element or other suitable wear protection at their smallest distance to the shaft center point, which point in each case to the other shaft.

The protective element, wear protection or special wear element on the support elements is typically attached to the mid-point closest to the wavy narrow side of the support elements and serves, for example, to protect this point, since this point is most heavily stressed by the comminution process .

In the multi-range twin-shaft cutting system, the two shafts can be driven synchronously or asynchronously, with each of the shafts being interchangeable.

Here, especially the width of the support and separating elements for the asynchronous is crucial. In the multi-range twin-shaft cutting system, each of the two shafts can be driven via a transmission hydraulically or mechanically or by a direct drive.

By synchronous or asynchronous driving, account can be taken of the various loads acting on the shafts during the revolution. A gearbox or a direct drive can ensure the corresponding power transmission hydraulically or mechanically.

The invention further provides a shredder for shredding material, comprising: a housing; a hopper device for filling the material; a multi-range twin-shaft cutting system as described above; a motor drive, in particular a servo motor or a torque motor, in particular an electric or diesel engine, for driving the shafts and a discharge for discharging the crushed material, wherein preferably the discharge is designed as a conveyor belt, slide, flap or scrape conveyor.

Thus, the following applies: in the new multigrade two-shaft comminution system, due to the geometry and the separating elements, there are arrangements, 4 separating processes / parting planes within one pass, ie one revolution of the counterrotating shafts, whereby the comminution process becomes significantly more efficient.

• Figur 1 stellt eine Prinzipskizze für ein Mehrbereichs-Zweiwellen-Schneidsystem gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung dar.
• Figur 2A stellt eine schematische Draufsicht auf das Mehrbereichs-Zweiwellen-Schneidsystem gemäß Figur 1 dar.
• Figur 2B stellt schematische Schnitte quer zur Längsrichtung durch das Schneidsystem aus Figur 2A dar.
• Figur 2C stellt einen Blick in Längrichtung der Wellen des Schneidsystems aus Figur 2A dar.
• Figuren 3A - 3C zeigen schematisch die spezifische Anordnung von Trageelementen, Trennelementen und Gegentrennelementen im Hinblick auf die Zerkleinerung von Material.

Further features and exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. It is understood that the embodiments do not exhaust the scope of the present invention. It is further understood that some or all of the features described below may be combined with each other in other ways.

• FIG. 1 FIG. 12 illustrates a schematic diagram of a multi-range two-shaft cutting system according to the present invention. FIG.
• FIG. 2A provides a schematic plan view of the multi-range twin-shaft cutting system according to FIG. 1 represents.
• FIG. 2B presents schematic sections across the longitudinal direction through the cutting system FIG. 2A represents.
• Figure 2C takes a look in the longitudinal direction of the waves of the cutting system FIG. 2A represents.
• FIGS. 3A-3C schematically show the specific arrangement of supporting elements, separating elements and counterpart dividing elements with regard to the comminution of material.

The FIG. 1 shows a multi-range twin-shaft cutting system 100 according to the present invention. The multi-range twin-shaft cutting system 100 according to FIG. 1 shows two separate shafts 1 and 3, which are surrounded by a cylindrical roller body. It is understood that the shape of the roll body around the shaft can also have a different geometric shape, for example, hexagonal or octagonal. By way of example, connection elements / couplings 5 and 7 are shown. In the illustrated arrangement of the cutting system 100 in FIG FIG. 1 the connection element / the coupling 5 for the left shaft 1 and the connection element / the coupling 7 for the right shaft 3 are shown. The two shafts 1 and 3 are arranged substantially parallel. The two shafts 1 and 3 are driven in opposite directions. For FIG. 1 this means that the left shaft 1 rotates clockwise. The right shaft 3 rotates counterclockwise accordingly. The two waves 1 and 3 can move synchronously or asynchronously. In particular, the waves can also rotate in the corresponding other direction of rotation, ie the shaft 1 rotates counterclockwise and the shaft 3 rotates clockwise. This possibility can be of particular advantage for maintenance purposes or if there is an interference situation, for example due to jamming of the shafts or the separating elements. The FIG. 1 shows for the cutting system 100 further support members 9 and 11, which are provided axially to the longitudinal axis of the shaft. It should be the in FIG. 1 shown number of eight support elements 9 or 11 per shaft to be understood as purely exemplary. It is also possible to provide a larger or smaller number of support elements per shaft in the cutting system. The support elements 9 and 11 are provided spaced apart in the axial direction. In the present example, the distances in the axial direction are substantially uniform. The support members 9 and 11 of the shafts are typically formed to have a wavy or rosette-shaped circumferential or circumferential region. The undulating peripheral line promotes a better circulation of the material to be shredded and facilitates or optimizes at the same time the collection. The optimized circulation and the improved intake can reduce the energy required for shredding. The waveform is typically uniform, that is symmetrical about the circumference, and an unbalanced arrangement can be provided to improve the pull-in behavior. The number of maxima of the waveshape of the support elements is denoted by n, for example, where n is a natural number. FIG. 1 shows a waveform with n = 6. However, it is understood that other numbers of the maxima and thus also of the minima are possible, for example n = 4 or n = 8.

The FIG. 1 further shows cap-like protective elements 27 and 29, which are attached to the support elements 9, 11 of the left shaft 1 and the right shaft 3, respectively. The protective elements 27 and 29 are in FIG. 1 by way of example in the region of the smallest distance of the waveform to the center of the support elements 9 and 11 is provided. The protective elements 27 and 29 may be plugged or suitably fastened to the support elements 9, 11, as may also be provided instead of the protective elements 27 and 29, another suitable wear protection, such as, for example, build-up welding.

The width of the distance between two adjacent support elements 9 of the shaft 1 or two adjacent support elements 11 of the shaft 3 is as follows and will be explained from the perspective of the shaft 1, so the left shaft. On the support elements 9 separating elements 17 are provided. The partition members 17 are provided so that they can engage in the opposite rotation of the shafts 1 and 3 in the space between two adjacent support members 11 of the other shaft. The gap between two adjacent support elements 9 bzw.11 is thus at least as wide as the width of the separating elements 17 and 19. When forming the separating elements 17 and 19 in a slightly smaller width, which corresponds to the distance between the two support elements 9 and 11, takes place also a lateral crushing between the supporting and separating elements. Conversely, this also applies to separating elements 19, which are supported by the support elements 11 of the shaft 3. For example, therefore, a separator 17 of the left shaft, in FIG. 1 is provided on the first support member 9 of the shaft 1, in the space between the first and second support member 11, that is, immediately adjacent support members, the right shaft 3 engage. The intervention happens during the opposite driving of the waves 1 and 3. In the FIG. 1 the support elements 9, 11 of the right and left shaft each have a six-symmetry. This six-symmetry, for example, when looking at the connection elements / couplings 5 and 7 in FIG. 1 clear. The six-symmetry is also shown by the number of maximums of the waveform of the peripheral line of the support members 9, 11, as described above. The separating elements 17 and 19 are each mounted substantially tangentially on the peripheral region of the support elements 9 and 11. In FIG. 1 are according to the six-symmetry of the support elements 9 and 11 with six separating elements Reference numerals 17 and 19 attached to the support member 9 respectively 11 in the circumferential direction. These are mounted substantially symmetrically but also asymmetrically distributed on the peripheral region. The waves are driven synchronously.

Furthermore, it brings an advantage when pulling the material to be shredded in the multi-range twin-shaft cutting system 100, if there is a larger gap, or more large gaps between the otherwise equally spaced angular separation elements 17 and 19, by a larger angular distance.

That is, the angular distance between two or more partition members 17 on the support members 9 relative to the circumference of the shaft 1, larger than in the other partition members 17.

Similarly, the angular distance of each corresponding to the shaft 1 separating elements 19 of the support members 11 of the shaft 3, each relative to the circumference of the shaft 3, greater than the angular distance of the other arranged at the same angular separation elements 19 of the shaft. 3

It goes without saying that the respective counterparts 21 and 23 of the shafts 1 and 3 are arranged in the same corresponding angular distance of the separating elements 17 and 19 of the shafts 1 and 3.

The distance is thus in this example in about 60 °. Each of the six separating elements 17, 19 which in FIG. 1 are each mounted on a support member 9, 11, can engage in the corresponding space between two immediately adjacent support members 11, 9 of the respective other shaft. Again that means for the in FIG. 1 shown example, that each separating element 17, which is mounted on the connection element / from the coupling 5 of the left shaft 1 forth first support member 9, in the space between the first and second support member 11 of the right shaft 3, from the connection element / from the coupling 7 seen, can intervene. It is understood that corresponding correspondences apply to all other support elements 9, 11 and dividing elements 17, 19 of the respective left and right shaft 1, 3. Again it should be noted that the six-symmetry, ie the number n of the separating elements on a support element is n = 6, where n is a natural number, is chosen purely by way of example and this number can also be n = 4 or another number. The separators of the left shaft are designated by the reference numeral 17. The separating elements of the right shaft are designated by the reference numeral 19.

On the support elements 9 of the left shaft 1 also catch elements, for example in the form of knives or fishing hooks are provided, which are designated by the reference numeral 13 are. Accordingly, catch elements are provided on the support elements 11 of the right shaft 3, which are designated by the reference numeral 15. In the axial direction are in FIG. 1 the catch elements 13 and 15 are provided only on some of the support elements 9, 11. It is understood, however, that catch elements 13, 15 can be provided both on some and on all support elements 9, 11. Purely by way of example are in FIG. 1 only on every third support element 9, 11, the catch elements 13, 15 are provided. The catch elements 13 and 15, respectively, improve the intake of material into the multi-shaft cutting system 100. Relative to the circumferential direction of a support element 9 and 11 respectively, the catch elements 13 and 15 can be provided on every second separation element of a support element 9, 11. In this case, the catch elements 13, 15 separately or it may be provided there a special separator, which results in a combination of catch element and separating element. The catch elements 13 and 15 are for example hook-like, knife-like or sickle-shaped, based on the normal direction of rotation. The arrangement of some catch elements 13 and 15 against the normal direction of rotation can be provided so that in a blockage of the waves 1 and 3 and required reverse run, the feed material, which has led to the blockage, can be loosened. This should be understood that in the FIG. 1 Typically, the left shaft 1 in the clockwise direction and the right shaft 3 rotates counterclockwise thereto. The material to be crushed is then supplied to the cutting system 100 in accordance with the direction of rotation of the shafts 1, 3 above the two shafts. A pull-in or inlet region is thus defined, for example, by an imaginary plane through both longitudinal axes of the two shafts 1, 3. In this case, the area above this imaginary plane is to be referred to as a catchment area. The hook-like, knife-like or sickle-like shape of the catch elements 11, 15 improves the entry into the catchment area. Below this imaginary plane, an outlet region is provided relative to the direction of rotation of the shafts 1, 3. In this outlet area, the shredded material is transported out of the cutting system 100, for example, or falls out by gravity on its own. The FIG. 1 further shows counterparts 21 of the left shaft 1 and 23 of the right shaft 3. The divisional elements 21 and 23, respectively, also correspond to those in FIG FIG. 1 shown six-symmetry. Thus, six counterparts 21, 23, for example, immediately to the left and right of a support member 9, 11 disposed on the surface of the roller body of the waves. The divisional elements 21, 23 are arranged such that they correspond to the separating elements 17, 19 of the support elements 9, 11 of the respective other shaft. Thus, for example, the counterparts 21 of the left shaft correspond to the dividers 19 of the right shaft. Likewise, the counterparts 23 of the right shaft correspond to the dividers 17 of the left shaft. This correspondence or correspondence leads to the fact that, when the two shafts 1, 3 are driven in opposite directions, a separating element 17, 19 of FIG a shaft 1, 3 against a corresponding separating element 21, 23 of the other shaft 3, 1 can work. In particular, this advantageously allows material to be comminuted between the separating element 17, 19 and the corresponding separating element 21, 23. The separating members 21 and 23 are provided substantially perpendicular to the support members 9 and 11, respectively. The divisional elements 21, 23 are in FIG. 1 such that they do not fill the entire space between two support elements 9, 11 of a shaft 1, 3 with respect to the axial direction. It is understood that the counterpart separation elements 21 and 23 can be designed both continuously and also interrupted between two support elements 9, 11. A separate separating element 21, 23 can therefore be interrupted within the intermediate space in the axial direction. You can also call such a separating element as two or more parts. It is important, however, that the separate separating element 21, 23, in one-part or multi-part form corresponds in each case to the corresponding separating element 17, 19 of the respective other shaft. The dividing elements 17 and 19 may be chamfered at their leading edge, ie the edge, which, with respect to the direction of rotation, is substantially first in contact with the material to be comminuted, as in the following Figures 3A-3C shown. Likewise, the front edge of the respective separating elements 17, 19 have an angle against the longitudinal direction of the shaft 1, 3. This angle can be between 0 ° and 90 °, preferably between 0 ° and 45 °. Likewise is off FIG. 1 It can be seen that the support elements 9 respectively 11 of the left and the right shaft 1, 3 are each offset by a few degrees against each other. This arrangement is also clear in the following figures. As a result, the intake and crushing movement of the shaft 1, 3 is further supported.

The FIG. 2 shows in three sub-figures 2A, 2B, 2C views and sections of the cutting system 100 as in FIG. 1 shown. In the FIG. 2A is shown in a plan view of the cutting system 100 with the waves 1 and 3. In this view, it can clearly be seen how the support members of the left shaft 1 and the right shaft 3 are arranged with respect to the engagement / engagement. In the FIG. 2B are exemplified eight sections perpendicular (transverse) to the longitudinal axis of both shafts 1 and 3, which are designated AA, BB, ..., HH, shown individually. It can be clearly seen in the sections that catch elements / teeth 13 of the left shaft 1 and catch elements 15 of the right shaft 3 are provided on support elements 9 of the left shaft and support elements 11 of the right shaft. In the sections AA, BB, ..., HH is in each case a shown support member 11 of the right shaft 3 in front of a shown support member 9 of the left shaft. In the sections AA, BB, ... HH a total of 12 catch elements 13 and 15 are shown. As mentioned above, it is understood that a different number of catch elements is possible. The Figure 2C shows a view in the longitudinal direction of the shafts 1 and 3 with a view of the connecting elements / couplings 5 and 7. In this case the arrangement of the knife 19 and catch elements 15 of the right shaft 3 and the arrangement of the knife 17 and catch elements 13 of the left shaft 1 is clearly visible.

The FIGS. 3A to 3C show the within one revolution solely by the arrangement of the support member 9, 11, the dividing elements 17, 19 and the counterparts 21, 23 resulting correspondences and their respective effects. Here are in the FIGS. 3A to 3C for clarity, the catch elements 13, 15 have been omitted.

In the sectional views of FIGS. 3A to 3C it is first clear that, for example, a support element 9 of the left shaft 1 is behind a support member 11 of the right shaft. As a result, the outer circumference of the support element 9 of the left shaft 1 engages in the intermediate space between the support element 11 of the right shaft 3 and a support element 11 of the same shaft 3 immediately adjacent thereto. Also visible are the dividing elements 17 of the left shaft 1 and 19 of the right shaft 3. The dividing elements 17 and 19 show a beveled, knife-like or cutting-like region 17S or 19S.

In the FIG. 3A is a catchment area of the cutting system 100 denoted by I. The support members 9 of the left shaft 1 and the support members 11 of the right shaft 3 engage in the opposite driving into each other. In the sectional views of FIGS. 3A to 3C this means by way of example that the support element 11 is located in front of the support element 9 in the sectional view. Two dividers 19R and 17L are designated. From the element 19R is also shown the front beveled portion 19S of the separator. It is understood that the support member 9 engages directly between the support member 11 and a directly behind the support member 11 lying further support member of the right shaft. In the catchment area I, the opposite movement of the two shafts 1, 3 causes the material to be shredded between the separating element 19R of the right shaft 3 and the separating element 17L of the left shaft 1 retracted, cracked and / or broken. This comminution thus takes place in the sectional view substantially in the axial direction. The wave-shaped circumferential line of the support elements 9, 11 supports this comminution process. Within the same revolution, the left shaft 1 continues to rotate in the clockwise direction and the right shaft 3 counterclockwise. As a result, the left support member 9 and the right support member 11 are also rotated further.

In FIG. 3B is pointed to the area II on the right separating element 19R and the corresponding left counterpart separating element 21. These come so close within the revolution that the material to be shredded is separated and / or cut between the separating element 19R of the right shaft 3 and the separating element 21 of the left shaft 1. In this case, the counterpart separating element 21 is shown in the shape of an aisle in the form shown here. However, instead of an anvil shape may also be a cutting-like shape be chosen to ensure the separation in a cutting form of the material. It goes without saying that the correspondence between the separating element 19, 17 and the separate separating element 21, 23 is shown here only by way of example for a separating element 19R of the right shaft 3 and corresponding separating element 21 of the left shaft 1. Conversely, there is a corresponding correspondence as well between separating elements 17 of the left shaft 1 and counterpart separation elements 23 of the right shaft 3. Die FIG. 3C shows within the same revolution corresponding to the arrangement of the separating elements 19R and 17L, another crushing operation which follows in the sequence of the second and the third crushing operation. In this case, the separating element 19R is the same separating element as in FIG FIG. 3B shown. The separating element 19R of the support element 11 of the right shaft can here work against the rear side of the separating element of the left shaft 17L, so that the material to be comminuted is again comminuted and / or cut. This repeated crushing happens in the outlet area III of the cutting system. Thus, with less energy consumption, a very uniform and almost overgrained final product is produced. This can be supplied directly to further direct marketing. Within one revolution of the two shafts 1, 3 is thus due to the arrangement of the support members 9, 11, the separating elements 17, 19, the counterparts 21, 23 sequentially material once through the separating elements 17, 19 between the separating elements 9,11 and in the three Areas I, II, III crushed. One can therefore speak of four times cut or crushing effect, the / due to the arrangement of the support elements, separating element and counterpart separation elements on the waves.

It is understood that the cutting system 100 according to FIG. 1 that based on the FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C . 3A . 3B3C has been explained in more detail, may be provided within a crusher (not shown here). Such a crusher may have a funnel-like attachment, funnel, into which the material to be shredded is added. This funnel-like attachment may typically be provided above the catchment area of the cutting system 100. By the opposite rotation of the waves, the material is drawn into the catchment area. The fangs 13 and 15 act supportive. It is possible to provide push-pull systems which press the material to be comminuted into the hopper and thus into the comminution unit. Below the cutting system 100 (not shown), a system may be provided to retain the oversized grain contained in the shredded material and to discharge it accordingly and move it away from the cutting system 100 via a conveyor belt for further use, for example. Thus, the cutting system 100 can be provided in a mobile, semi-mobile or stationary crusher.

Claims (16)

1. Multi-region twin-shaft cutting system (100) for comminuting material, comprising:

   two shafts (1, 3) which are arranged substantially parallel and are driven in an opposite manner, wherein each shaft (1, 3) is in each case surrounded by a roll body;

   a multiplicity of supporting elements (9, 11), wherein each supporting element (9, 11) is fitted substantially radially around said roll body, wherein each supporting element (9, 11) preferably has a radial, shaft-like, rounded or angular or edged, circumferential line;

   a multiplicity of severing elements (17, 19) which are of disc- and / or plate-like design and are each fitted substantially tangentially to the circumferential region of said supporting elements (9, 11);

   wherein said supporting elements (9, 11) are arranged at a distance around said roll bodies in such a manner that in each case one severing element (17, 19) on one supporting element (9, 11) of said one shaft (1, 3) engages between two directly adjacent supporting elements (11, 9) of said other shaft (3, 1);

   wherein, for each shaft (1, 3), counter severing elements (21, 23) are fitted in each case between two directly adjacent supporting elements (9, 11) of said shaft (1, 3), on said roll body of said shaft (1, 3), said counter severing elements being fitted in a corresponding manner to said severing elements (17, 19) of said other shaft (3, 1) such that said severing elements (17, 19) of said other shaft (3, 1), on opposite engagement in the intermediate space of said two directly adjacent supporting elements (9, 11) of said one shaft (1, 3), operate counter to said corresponding counter severing elements (21, 23), in a cutting and / or breaking manner, such that said material is comminuted; characterized in that

   said severing elements (17, 19) of said one shaft (1, 3) are each arranged in corresponding manner to said severing elements (19, 17) of said other shaft (3, 1) such that, on opposite engagement of said severing elements (17, 19) of said shafts (1, 3), a severing element (17, 19) of said one shaft (1, 3) operates in a cutting manner counter to a corresponding severing element (19, 17) of said other shaft (1, 3), where said leading edge of said severing element (17, 19) of said one shaft (1, 3) operates counter to the edge facing away from said leading edge of said other severing element (19, 17).
2. Multi-region twin-shaft cutting system (100) according to claim 1, wherein said severing elements (17, 19) of said one shaft (1, 3) each at least at their leading edges relative to said counter severing elements (21, 23) of said other shaft (3, 1) comprise a cutting area (17S, 19S) which is, for example, beveled.
3. Multi-region twin-shaft cutting system (100) according to at least one of the claims 1 - 2, wherein said severing elements (17, 19) of said shaft (1, 3) are in their width formed such that said width is slightly smaller than the respective distance between said two oppositely disposed supporting elements (9, 11), so that on opposite engagement of said severing elements (17, 19) of said shafts (1, 3) with said oppositely disposed supporting elements (9, 11), a severing element (17, 19) of said one shaft (1, 3) operates in a breaking and / or cutting manner laterally counter to two directly adjacent supporting elements (9, 11) of said other shaft (3, 1).
4. Multi-region twin-shaft cutting system (100) according to at least one of the claims 1 - 3, wherein said severing elements (17, 19) of said one shaft (1, 3) are each arranged in corresponding manner to said severing elements (19, 17) of said other shaft (3, 1) such that, on opposite engagement of said severing elements (17, 19) of said shafts (1, 3), a severing element (17, 19) of said one shaft (1, 3) operates in a breaking manner counter to a directly adjacent severing element (19, 17) of said other shaft (3, 1).
5. Multi-region twin-shaft cutting system (100) according to at least one of the claims 1 - 4, wherein said severing elements (17, 19) of said one shaft (1, 3) are each arranged in corresponding manner to said severing elements (19, 17) of said other shaft (3, 1) and said counter severing elements (23, 21) of said other shaft (3, 1) such that, during a single opposite rotation of both shafts (1, 3) on opposite engagement of said severing elements (17, 19) of said shafts (1, 3), initially one severing element (17, 19) of said one shaft (1, 3) operates counter to a directly adjacent pair of supporting elements (17, 19) of said other shaft (3). During the same rotation of both shafts (1, 3) on opposite engagement of said severing elements (17, 19) of said shafts (1, 3), initially one severing element (17, 19) of said one shaft (1, 3) operates in a cutting and / or breaking manner laterally counter to a directly adjacent pair of supporting elements (9, 11) of said other shaft (3, 1), then said severing element (17, 19) of said one shaft (1, 3) operates in a cutting manner counter to said counter severing elements (23, 21) of said other shaft (3, 1) corresponding to said severing element (17, 19), and then said severing element (17, 19) of said one shaft (1, 3) operates in a cutting manner counter to said severing element (19, 17) of said other shaft (3, 1) which is fitted in a corresponding manner to said severing element (17, 19), counter to said edge facing away from said leading edge of said other severing element (19, 17).
6. Multi-region twin-shaft cutting system (100) according to at least one of the claims 1 - 5, wherein each severing element (17, 19) of said one shaft (1, 3) corresponds to two counter severing elements (23, 21) of two directly adjacent supporting elements (11, 9) of said other shaft (3, 1), wherein said two counter severing elements (23, 21) are spaced in the axial direction between said two supporting elements (11, 9).
7. Multi-region twin-shaft cutting system (100) according to at least one of the claims 1 - 6, wherein said counter severing elements (21, 23) are provided directly at said supporting elements (9, 11) on said roll body.
8. Multi-region twin-shaft cutting system (100) according to at least one of the claims 1 - 7, wherein said counter severing elements (21, 23) are ashlar-shaped or rectangular and in particular provided in the axial direction perpendicular to said supporting elements (9, 11).
9. Multi-region twin-shaft cutting system (100) according to at least one of the claims 1 - 8, wherein said counter severing elements (21, 23) each at their leading edges facing said other shaft comprises a cutting area which is, for example, beveled.
10. Multi-region twin-shaft cutting system (100) according to at least one of the claims 1 - 9, wherein said supporting elements (9, 11) each at their smallest distance to the shaft center comprises a protective element or other suitable wear protection (27, 29) respectively facing said other shaft.
11. Multi-region twin-shaft cutting system (100) according to at least one of the claims 1 - 10, wherein said leading edges of said severing elements (17, 19) are arranged in the axial direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of said shaft (1, 3) or wherein said leading edges of said severing elements (17, 19) are arranged with an inclination at an angle α relative to the longitudinal axis of said shaft (1, 3), where 0° <α <90°, preferably 0° <α <45°.
12. Multi-region twin-shaft cutting system (100) according to claim 11, wherein said counter severing elements (21, 23) of said other shaft (3, 1) corresponding to said severing elements (17, 19) of said one shaft (1, 3) are arranged according to said inclination of said corresponding severing elements (17, 19).
13. Multi-region twin-shaft cutting system (100) according to at least one of the claims 1 - 12, further comprising a multiplicity of catch elements (13, 15) that are fitted to at least some of said supporting elements (9, 11) on their outer circumference substantially radially to the longitudinal axis of said shaft (1, 3), wherein said catch elements (13, 15) are typically bent hook-like so that they primarily point towards said respective other shaft (1, 3).
14. Multi-region twin-shaft cutting system (100) according to at least one of the claims 1 - 13, wherein said two shafts (1, 3) are driven synchronously or asynchronously, wherein each of said shafts (1, 3) is partly exchangeable.
15. Multi-region twin-shaft cutting system (100) according to at least one of the claims 1 - 14, where each of said two shafts (1, 3) is driven hydraulically or mechanically via a gear or by a direct drive.
16. Comminuting device for comminuting material, comprising:

    a housing;

    a hopper device for filling in said material;

    a multi-region twin-shaft cutting system (100) according to at least one of the claims 1 - 15;

    a motor drive, in particular a servo motor or a torque motor, in particular an electric motor or a diesel engine for driving said shafts, and

    a discharge region for discharging and for retaining oversize particles of said comminuted material, wherein said discharge region is preferably designed as a conveyor belt, a pusher, a flap or a scraper conveyor.

Images