EP2679309B1 - Crushing device comprising a crushing rotor with continuous cutting edge - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a comminution device for comminuted material such as waste and / or production residues, comprising a drive device which drives at least one comminution rotor which has at its periphery a plurality of comminuting tools which attach to the comminution rotor for forming at least one row of knives extending in the axial direction with a directional component are, and wherein the crushing tools cooperate with at least one with respect to its shape adapted to the rotational surface of the tool-equipped crushing rotor counter knife device for crushing the material to be processed.

Such comminution devices are used, for example, for comminuting wood, paper, plastic, rubber, textiles, production residues or wastes from industry and commerce, but also from bulky waste, domestic waste, paper and DSD collections, such as hospital waste, etc. In this case, the material to be comminuted in the interaction of the grinding tools mounted on the rotor with an associated counter-blade device by cutting, shearing, crushing, tearing and / or grinding is crushed. Such a generic device is for example in the published patent application DE 10 2009 060 523 A1 described. By the design of a slightly oblique to the axis knife row In particular, the comminution of thin constituents in the comminuted material, such as films or textiles, can be facilitated by the provision of scissor-type cutting.

The invention has for its object to improve the described conventional crushing device in terms of throughput and to simplify maintenance.

Surprisingly, the present invention at least partially solves this problem with a comminution device having the features of claim 1. The comminution device according to the invention is characterized in that neighboring comminution tools are arranged adjacent to one another, in particular adjacent side surfaces, and offset from each other in a rotor-like manner equivalent cutting edges of adjacent crushing tools have the same distance to the rotor axis and each lie in a plane which is parallel to the rotor axis. Characterized in that the crushing tools are not as in the prior art with respect to their knife edge or with respect to their knife cutting plane obliquely and thus fixed at different distances to the rotor axis on the rotor, but such that equivalent cutting edges of the crushing tools each have the same distance from the rotor axis, is achieved that the flight circles of the individual comminution tools are actually identical and thus can interact in the same way with a symmetrically designed counter-blade device for optimal comminution of the crushed material. Due to the inventive arrangement of the individual comminution tools on the rotor, a very small and constant gap between the cutting edges of the counter blade device and the cutting edges of the blade row on the crushing rotor over the entire axial extent of the blade row can be provided, which the throughput of the invention Shredding device significantly increased.

The comminution tools forming a row of blades are arranged adjacent to one another, preferably lying against one another, with two adjacent comminution tools in the rotor circumferential direction, i. tangential to the rotor, overlap due to a predetermined extension of the tools in the rotor circumferential direction. The extent of the tools in the installation position in the tangential direction is preferably much greater than this displacement of adjacent comminution tools in the rotor circumferential direction, so that adjacent tools in the said circumferential direction overlap over a major portion of their extent in the circumferential direction of the rotor.

The arrangement of the comminution tools on the rotor is preferably such that, taking into account manufacturing tolerances, there is expediently no gap between adjacent comminution tools, in particular no gap between adjacent cutting edges of adjacent comminution tools. As far as actually, due to production tolerances production-related, small gap between adjacent crushing tools should occur, this is preferably much smaller than the extension of the tool in the direction of each row of knives, so that the juxtaposed and rotorumabänglich staggered crushing tools form a continuous cutting edge substantially. The described, usually small displacement of adjacent crushing tools to each other in rotorumfänglicher direction is taken into account in order to provide identical flight circles for all shredding tools.

Further advantageous embodiments and additional features according to the invention are described in the following general and specific descriptions and in the subclaims specified.

The comminution tools of the comminution device according to the invention can be designed such that they provide a single cutting edge in the design of a straight edge of the row of blades in installation position as part of a row of knives, or even more at a predetermined angle to each other extending cutting edges, for example, to design a saw-shaped edge diameter series. It can be provided in the latter case, in particular, that a single of these crushing tools is designed so that it provides a single sawtooth of a continuous cutting edge on the comminution rotor in the installed position, such that all cutting edges of the individual, juxtaposed or circumferentially offset cutting teeth arranged forming said continuous, substantially continuous, saw-toothed blade.

In order to enable flexible maintenance at the occurrence of wear on the crushing tools, it can be provided that a crushing tool is releasably secured to the rotor by means of an associated tool holder, wherein the respective tool holder can be arranged in a, in the crushing rotor retainer holder. In this way it is achieved that a comminution tool held by the tool holder can be changed easily, so that during a maintenance alone the comminution tools can be exchanged or changed, which have too high a wear or eg a damage caused by foreign bodies. Not worn tools can remain in the respective row of knives for the design of a single, continuous cutting edge. According to the invention, such a holder receptacle may have the shape of a pocket, wherein expediently this pocket may be open in the direction of rotor rotation, since in this direction hardly forces are transferred.

Advantageously, such a tool holder may have an angular, in particular quadrangular base surface, wherein a receptacle is provided for receiving the associated comminution tool at one end of the tool holder facing the direction of rotor rotation.

In order to guide the forces occurring in operation from the tool holder into the rotor, it can be provided that the holder receptacle provides an approximately tangential to the rotor bearing surface for the tool holder, on which it is supported in the tangential direction.

In order to improve the hold of the tool holder in the holder receptacle on the rotor or to pre-assemble the tool holder on the rotor, for example, for a subsequent welding operation, it may expediently be provided that radially extending elements, in particular in the form of fixing pins, are introduced into the rotor extend out of a holder receptacle into the associated tool holder.

The attachment of the tool holder on the rotor can be done for example by means of welding or by means of a screw connection.

A detachable connection between comminution tool and associated tool holder can be realized, in particular, by fastening the respective comminuting tool by means of a fastening bolt extending through the associated tool holder. In this case, the crushing tool may have a thread into which the fastening bolt can be screwed. Expediently, the fastening bolt can run approximately tangentially to the rotor axis through the tool holder and at least partly through the tool.

To ensure that a tool holder sits stably in its holder receptacle despite the prevailing operating forces, it can be expediently provided that tool holders of adjacent comminution tools of a row of blades are arranged adjacent to each other on associated side surfaces and thus stabilize each other in an approximately axial direction. In this case, the design may be such that, taking into account the given manufacturing tolerances in principle, there is no gap between adjacent tool holders, so that a given tool holder is clamped between adjacent tool holders and can be supported on them in approximately axial direction to the rotor or in the direction of the blade row.

On the one hand to provide a crushing device in which the grinding tools mounted on the rotor interact in the manner of a shear cut with an associated counter-blade device and on the other hand to avoid that comminuted material receives a component of movement in the axial direction to the rotor by the oblique arrangement of the blade row in operation, may be provided appropriately be that a plurality of rows of blades, each formed by a plurality of crushing tools are mounted on the rotor, each two of these rows of blades circumferentially spaced on the crushing rotor and arranged opposite to each other for mutual compensation of an axial component of motion on the crushed material.

In order to avoid increased friction of comminuted material on the rotor in the area of the comminution tools, it may be expedient if, in the direction of rotation in front of a row of blades, a continuous framing parallel to the row of blades forms a chip pocket in the comminution rotor is incorporated. The term "continuous" means that this Freinehmung runs over the entire axial extent of the blade row. The circumferential extent of this Freinhmung before the crushing tools preferably corresponds approximately to the extent of the built-in crushing tools in the radial direction to the rotor.

In order to provide the repeated use of a crushing tool, it may be provided that such is designed as a turning plate, which is arranged in a prismatic seat of the associated tool holder. Such a turning plate may in particular have a square base surface so that, depending on the orientation of this turning plate in the tool holder, a tool with a single cutting edge or a tool is provided which represents a cutting tooth with at least two cutting edges.

Figur 1

eine erfindungsgemäße Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung in einer Gesamtansicht,

Figur 2

einen erfindungsgemäß gestalteten Zerkleinerungsrotor, welcher mit einer Vielzahl von Glattmessern bestückt ist,

Figur 3

einen Detailausschnitt des Zerkleinerungsrotors gemäß Figur 2,

Figur 4

einen Schnitt durch einen ein Glattmesser haltenden Werkzeughalter,

Figur 5a

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Werkzeughalters für ein Glattmesser,

Figur 5b

eine Aufsicht auf den Werkzeughalter gemäß Figur 5a,

Figur 5c

einen Schnitt durch den Werkzeughalter gemäß Figur 5a,

Figur 6

eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Zerkleinerungsrotors, welcher eine Vielzahl von gezahnten Messerwerkzeugen in Form eines einzelnen Messerzahns aufweist,

Figur 7

eine Detailansicht des Zerkleinerungsrotors gemäß Figur 6 mit teilweise entfernten Werkzeughaltern bzw. Werkzeugen,

Figur 8

einen Schnitt durch einen, ein Zerkleinerungswerkzeug in Form eines Messerzahns haltenden Werkzeughalter,

Figur 9a

den Werkzeughalter zum Halten eines Werkzeuges gemäß Figur 8 in einer perspektivischen Ansicht,

Figur 9b

den in Figur 9a dargestellten Werkzeughalter in einer Aufsicht,

Figur 9c

den Werkzeughalter gemäß Figur 9a in einer Schnittdarstellung, und

Figur 10

im Ausschnitt für den in Figur 6 angegebenen Zerkleinerungsrotor das Zusammenwirken der Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge mit einer zugeordneten Gegenmessereinrichtung,

Figur 11

eine dritte Ausführungsform eines Zerkleinerungsrotors einer erfindungsgemäß gestalteten Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung, welcher eine Vielzahl von gezahnten Messerwerkzeugen in Form eines einzelnen Messerzahns aufweist, und

Figur 12

eine vierte Ausführungsform eines Zerkleinerungsrotors einer erfindungsgemäß gestalteten Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung,

zeigt.The invention will be explained below by describing some embodiments with reference to the attached figures

FIG. 1

a comminution device according to the invention in an overall view,

FIG. 2

an inventively designed comminution rotor which is equipped with a plurality of smooth blades,

FIG. 3

a detail of the crushing rotor according to FIG. 2 .

FIG. 4

a section through a blade holder holding a smooth blade,

FIG. 5a

a perspective view of a tool holder for a smooth knife,

FIG. 5b

a view of the tool holder according to FIG. 5a .

FIG. 5c

a section through the tool holder according to FIG. 5a .

FIG. 6

a further embodiment of a comminution rotor having a plurality of toothed knife tools in the form of a single knife tooth,

FIG. 7

a detailed view of the crushing rotor according to FIG. 6 with partially removed tool holders or tools,

FIG. 8

a section through a, a cutting tool in the form of a knife tooth holding tool holder,

FIG. 9a

the tool holder for holding a tool according to FIG. 8 in a perspective view,

FIG. 9b

the in FIG. 9a illustrated tool holder in a plan view,

FIG. 9c

the tool holder according to FIG. 9a in a sectional view, and

FIG. 10

in clipping for the in FIG. 6 specified crushing rotor, the interaction of the crushing tools with an associated counter-knife device,

FIG. 11

a third embodiment of a crushing rotor an inventively designed crushing device, which has a plurality of toothed knife tools in the form of a single knife tooth, and

FIG. 12

A fourth embodiment of a comminution rotor of an inventively designed crushing device,

shows.

FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of a crushing device 1 according to the invention. On the machine housing 20, a crushing rotor is mounted in the region of its two longitudinal ends, wherein in the embodiment described at both ends in each case a three-phase motor 40 is flanged gearless. The drive is coupled via a torque arm 22 for receiving a reaction torque occurring during operation of the device via a holder 23 to the machine housing 20. In the presentation of FIG. 1 is the second three-phase motor for driving the rotor hidden, but it can be seen the holder 23, via which in turn by means of a torque arm and the second motor for receiving the reaction torque to the housing 20 is coupled.

The comminution tools mounted peripherally on the rotor cooperate with a counter-knife device for comminuting comminution material arranged stationary during the comminution operation, wherein in the described embodiment the counter-knife device is designed as a cross-member 60 carrying the counter-knife. The comminuted material is introduced from above into the opening 23 of a sheet metal funnel 24 in the figure and then falls into the comminution space bounded below by the comminution rotor. To support the feeding of the crushed material in the crushing space, a conveyor 50 is further provided in the form of a chain conveyor, which is driven by a motor 51.

In the illustrated embodiment, the crushing device 1 is supported by four feet 21 from the ground. Between these, a conveyor belt can be arranged, which receives the downwardly falling crushed material and transported away.

FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of a comminution rotor 100 designed according to the invention, which has four rows of blades 101, 102, 103 and 104, each having a plurality of adjacent crushing tools in the form of a square smooth blade insert 170, each by means of an associated tool holder 150 on the rotor 100 are attached. Each row of blades 101-104 is oriented somewhat obliquely to the rotor axis, in this case at an angle of approximately 20 degrees. As a result, the comminution material receives a component of movement parallel to the rotor axis during the comminution process. For compensation, two of these rows of blades 101 to 104 are oriented against each other.

As can be seen, in particular, from the illustration of the row of blades 102, the individual inserts 170 are each fixed to the associated tool holder 150 by means of a screw 190. Turning the inserts through 180 degrees around their attachment axis, a second cutting edge is accessible, the worn then rests on the tool holder.

In the described embodiment, all inserts 170 and the associated tool holders 150 are constructed identically. Each insert 170 provides, in the installed position, an exposed cutting edge 171 which cooperates with an associated edge on the counter knife for comminuting the product. All cutting edges of the inserts 170 are each parallel to the rotor axis A, the reference character R indicates the direction of rotation of the rotor.

For attachment to the comminuting rotor, each tool holder 150 has a holder receptacle 110 incorporated on the comminuting rotor, which holders are circumferentially offset relative to one another on the rotor. In each case in the direction of rotation in front of the tools, a recess is made in the rotor over the entire axial extent of the row of knives in order to provide a chip pocket 130 extending over the row of knives and parallel thereto for receiving shredded material.

The arrangement of the tools on the rotor is such that the cutting edges 171 of the individual tools all have the same distance from the axis A of the rotor, so that each tool describes the same circle, which greatly facilitates the design of the counter-blade device and a particularly high throughput of inventively designed Crushing device allowed. For this purpose, a holder receptacle 110 is incorporated into the rotor 100 for each tool holder, wherein adjacent holder receptacles are incorporated circumferentially offset on the rotor, wherein not only the adjacent tools, but also adjacent tool holder overlap circumferentially. Depending on the embodiment, this circumferential displacement of adjacent tool holders and thus of adjacent tools is about 0.25 degrees to 1.5 degrees, in the described embodiment about 0.5 degrees.

The described arrangement of the comminution tools results in that the cutting edges of the comminution tools of a row of blades form a substantially continuous cutting edge. The row of blades runs obliquely to the axis A of the rotor, ie at an acute angle to a parallel to the axis A of the rotor.

FIG. 3 shows a section of the knife row 101 of Fig. 2 in detail. As can be seen, adjacent inserts 170 laterally abut each other and contact each other and preferably abut each other in the axial direction of the rotor over a majority of their associated side surfaces 173, 174. Characterized in that the holder 150 and thus the inserts 170 are mutually circumferentially offset on the rotor, the respective cut edges 171 are not aligned with each other, on the other hand, however, each of these cut edges 171 extends parallel to the axis A of the rotor, see FIG. 2 , The described offset between 3 inserts is indicated in the figure with 2d, ie the offset between 2 plates is d.

FIG. 4 shows a section through the in FIG. 3 specified section, wherein the section is parallel to one of the fastening screws 190, whereby the attachment of the tool holder 150 on the rotor 100 and the attachment of the turning plate 170 on the tool holder 150 can be seen. In the described embodiment, the fastening screw 190 extends approximately tangentially to the rotor and thus approximately perpendicular to the cutting edge 171 of the respective smooth blade 170. The incorporated in the rotor 100 holder holder 110 provides in the direction of rotation of the rotor a contact surface 111 whose normal aligned approximately tangentially to the rotor is and thus provides an abutment for the holder 150 for introducing comminuting forces into the rotor.

Approximately radially to the rotor, two pins 191 extend into this and protrude from the holder receptacle 110 and into associated holes in the respective holder 150 in order to improve the connection between the tool holder 150 and rotor 100 or for fixing the holder on the rotor for training of welds 195, 196, which extend at the front and back of the holder 150 over the entire rows of blades 101 to 104.

As can be seen, the smooth blade insert 170 has a central threaded bore 172 into which the bolt 190 is screwed. The holder 150 thereby provides a fit to the geometry of the smooth blade 170 seat.

The FIGS. 5a to 5c show the tool holder 150 in different views in detail. The seat or the receptacle for the smooth blade 170 is provided by the contact surfaces 151, 152. In the described embodiment, the surface 151 is fitted to the major surface of the plain blade insert 170 such that the edges of the knife are aligned with the boundary edges of the abutment surface 151. In the same way, the contact surface 152 is adapted to the dimensions of the smooth blade insert on its end face. The bore 156 serves to receive the pin 190, the holes 158 for receiving the pin 191, see FIG. 4 , FIG. 5c shows a section of the tool holder in the middle through the bore 156. Starting from the seat of the tool on the tool holder 150, an inclined surface 155 is provided to prevent comminuted material between the holder and counter knife clamps. How about the Figures 3 and 5a, b shows, adjacent tool holder 150 at associated side surfaces 157a, b to each other and support each other in the axial direction to the rotor from each other. The cutting edges 171 of all comminution tools of the respective row of blades form a substantially continuous, continuous cutting edge, wherein the offset between adjacent comminution tools results in the row of blades as such running obliquely to the rotor axis A.

FIG. 6 2 shows a second embodiment of a comminuting rotor 200 designed according to the invention, which comprises a plurality of each having an angle to the axis A of the rotor extending rows of blades 201 - 204 has. Each of these rows of knives in turn comprises a plurality of comminuting tools 270 adjoining one another and offset from one another around the rotor, wherein equivalent cutting edges 271, 272 of adjacent comminution tools have the same distance to the rotor axis and each lie in a plane which runs parallel to the rotor axis A. Also in the embodiment indicated in FIG. 6, a chip pocket 230 extending over the entire axial extent is provided in the direction of rotation in front of the respective row of knives.

The main difference to that in FIG. 2 specified crushing rotor is that the crushing tools are not designed as a smooth blade turning plate with a single mounting position in the cutting edge 171, but as a, in the installed position an exposed blade tooth having indexable insert 270, wherein a knife tooth two obliquely to each other and toward each other extending cutting edges 271, 272nd having. Both cutting edges intersect in an imaginary corner, which, however, would not withstand large mechanical loads. In this respect, the corner is folded, whereby a further edge is formed, which also acts as a cutting edge, but in its length relative to the actual cutting edges 271, 272 is usually negligible. The cutting edges 271, 272 lie in one plane, wherein the described arrangement of the tools on the rotor causes this plane to run parallel to the axis A of the rotor 200. All cutting edges 272, 271 and the resulting by the fold of the corner, intermediate cutting edges 271a of the blade teeth 270, s. Fig. 7 lie in respective planes that are oriented parallel to the rotor axis A. Thus, in this embodiment, too, all the individual comminution tools in the form of the indicated indexable inserts 270, which in each case provide a cutting tooth in the installed position, describe the same circuit with those already described above described advantages with respect to the interaction with a correspondingly designed counter-blade device.

In the described embodiment, all inserts 270 and the associated tool holders 250 are constructed identically.

FIG. 7 shows a section of the knife row 201 according to Fig. 6 , wherein for clarity of illustration partially tool holder 250 and crushing tools 270 are omitted. A holder receptacle in turn has a contact surface 251, on which the tool holder 250 is supported in a tangential direction to the rotor. Approximately radially in the rotor bores 240 are introduced, in which fixing pins 291 are inserted, via which the holder 250 are fixed to the rotor before setting the above-described welds. For this purpose, each holder 250 corresponding holes below the seat for the tool.

This tool seat in the tool holder 250 is formed by a plane bearing surface 251 with a normal vector approximately tangential to the rotor and the two mutually inclined surfaces 252, 253, to which the respective tool 270 is mounted laterally, wherein the tool with its tool holder 250 facing the main surface abuts against the contact surface 251. Like from the FIG. 7 As can be seen, the tool 270 for providing a knife tooth comprising the three cutting edges 271, 271a, and 272 is formed as a quadrangular insert with cut corners in its base, with the tool resting on both sides over the side surfaces 274, 275 on adjacent dies. In this respect, in each case both adjacent holders 250 and adjacent tools 270 are supported against each other in the axial direction to the rotor.

Out FIG. 7 Also, the circumferential displacement of adjacent holders or tools to the respective distance d out. In the assembled state, the edges 272, 271 are aligned with the corresponding outer surfaces of the holder 250 in the direction of rotation. To increase the resistance, the tool holder has recesses 259 on the exposed surfaces, which are made of an extremely hard armor by means of a welding or soldering process Alloy filled.

FIG. 8 shows how FIG. 4 a section through a tool holder 250 with inserted and secured by a screw 290 and washer 292 tool 270, wherein the tool holder 250 is pre-assembled by means of fixing pins 291 on the rotor 200 for attaching the welds 295, 296. The screw 290 is in the threaded bore 273rd of the tool 270 is screwed.

The FIGS. 9a to 9c show the structure of the tool holder 250 for holding the insert 270 in a perspective view, in a plan view and in a sectional view. Also, this tool holder 250 has a rectangular base, wherein the bore 256 for receiving the bolt in the assembled state is approximately tangential to the rotor. Out FIG. 10b also go the two holes 258, which serve to receive the fixing pin 291, see FIG. 8 , The side surfaces with which adjacent and adjacent tool holders 250 rest against one another in the axial direction have the reference numerals 254, 255.

FIG. 10 shows in the section the interaction of the crushing tools on a crushing rotor according to FIG. 6 with an oppositely shaped counter-blade device 300 which, in the described embodiment, consists of a plurality of plate-shaped lines arranged in a row Counter knife strips 310 composed.

Good to see is the scissor-like interaction of the plurality of crushing tools 270 formed and extending obliquely to the rotor blade row with the associated counter blade device 300 in the axial direction. In the figure, the left comminuting tools mesh with their associated tooth recesses while the right hand comminution tools in the figure still have an increasing distance to their respective tooth recesses.

Each of the counter-knife strips 310 has a plurality of tooth recesses, which are each formed by cutting edges 311, 312, 313, wherein these cutting edges lie in a plane to which in turn the rotor axis A is parallel. In the described embodiment, said plane of the cutting edges 311, 312, 313 corresponds to the plane defined by the counter-knife edges 310, in which case the rotor axis A does not lie in this plane, but only parallel to it. This results in a scissor-like interaction of the cutting edges 271, 272 of the rotor tools with the associated cutting edges 311, 312 of the counter-blade device, such that the respective tooth on the crushing tool 270 first with its tip or edge 271a dips into the associated tooth recess on the counter-blade device. This results in a pulling in the radial direction section of each individual, in installation position tooth structure of a turning plate 270, wherein the cutting edges 271, 271a, 272 for crushing the crushing material with the associated cutting edges 313, 312, 311 of the counter knife cooperate.

FIG. 11 shows a third embodiment of an inventively designed crushing rotor 400, which has several, each obliquely to the axis A extending rows of blades 401-406. The design of the shredding tools and the attachment and arrangement of these tools on the rotor body is not different from the one related to the FIGS. 6 to 10 described embodiment, which is why the identical components and designs have been provided with identical reference numerals. In this respect, each of the rows of blades 401 to 406 again comprises a multiplicity of comminuting tools 270, 270 'adjoining each other and lying adjacent to one another and being circumferentially offset from one another around the rotor. In this case, equivalent cutting edges 271, 271 'and 272, 272' of adjacent comminution tools have the same distance from the rotor axis, ie, for example, that identical points on the cutting edges 271 and 271 'are equally spaced from the rotor axis. The same applies to corresponding points on the cutting edges 272 and 272 '. Again, the cutting edges 271, 272 and 271 ', 272' in a plane or they define a plane which is parallel to the rotor axis A.

A difference to the in FIG. 6 specified embodiment is that in the in FIG. 11 specified embodiment, not four but six rows of blades are provided which each extend to each other at a predetermined angle. The further difference is that at least one, usually all rows of blades as in the FIG. 11 specified embodiment do not form a straight row of knives, but "V-shaped" are arranged on the rotor, such that a single row of knives composed of two straight rows of knife rows, these rows of knife run each other at a predetermined angle on the rotor surface. For the row of blades 405, the respective blade sections 405a and 405b are indicated. It should be emphasized once again that despite this V-shaped arrangement of the blades or tools of a row of blades, each individual tool is arranged in the manner described on the rotor, ie the plane defined by the cutting edges 271, 272 and 271 'and 272' always parallel to the rotor axis A, also have equivalent cutting edges 271, 271 'and 272, 272' respectively the equal distance to the rotor axis A, in addition adjacent crushing tools adjacent to each other, in particular on each associated side surfaces lying flat against each other and rotorumabänglich offset to each other.

The design of a single one of the rows of knives 401-406 such that it consists of different, here straight sections is achieved in that directly adjacent and adjacent crushing tools 270 and the associated tool holder 250 is not over the entire row by a predetermined, constant circumferential angle offset in the circumferential direction, instead, this changes. At the in FIG. 11 In this embodiment, this circumferential offset between adjacent comminution tools, for example in the row of blades 405, is constant within the area 405a, but different from the offset angle circumferentially within the second row of blades 405b.

A design in which a single row of knives does not have a constant angle to the rotor axis over its entire longitudinal extent, but varies over this length, can be compared with the in FIG FIG. 6 specified embodiment have the advantage that a larger number of rows of blades on the rotor can be arranged, although knife row sections still have relatively large angles to the rotor axis. The skilled artisan will recognize that the counter knife design in a rotor according to FIG. 11 may be identical to the counter knife design according to FIG. 10 for a rotor according to the in FIG. 6 specified embodiment. It should also be noted that with reference to FIG. 11 indicated design of the rows of blades is not limited to the use of the specific shredding tools 270. Such a series of knives or such a comminution rotor is correspondingly with the in FIG. 3 specified crushing tools 170 and the associated Holders 150 can be designed.

FIG. 12 shows a further embodiment of an inventively designed crushing rotor 500 for a crushing device according to the invention, wherein the rotor as in. In FIG. 11 specified embodiment six rows of knives 501 to 506 carries. The design of the individual knives, the tool holder and their arrangement on the rotor does not differ from the previous embodiment. The only difference with the previous embodiment of the comminution rotor is that the offset angle of adjacent comminution tools within a single row of blades changes several times, in the figure this is specified in more detail for the row of blades 505. Within the marked regions 505a to 505d, the respective offset angle in the circumferential direction of adjacent comminution tools or their holders is constant, but differs from that in the respectively adjacent row of knife arrays. How out FIG. 12 As can be seen, this circumferential displacement of the adjacent tools can also change the direction, ie the circumferential direction of the offset, so that the W-shaped arrangement recognizable from the figure results in a single row of knives. With such a design, a nesting of the various rows of blades 501 to 506 arranged on the rotor is made possible.

In this case, according to the invention, a row of blades can also be non-linear, i. have curved portions, which arise from the fact that the circumferential displacement of adjacent tools is not constant, but changes over the longitudinal extent of the row of blades, for example, such that results in a wave-like arrangement of a row of blades on the rotor.

Also at the in FIG. 12 specified embodiment and the discussed variations are adjacent crushing tools of a row of blades 501 to 506 adjacent to each other at associated side surfaces and circumferentially offset rotor placed offset from each other, wherein equivalent cutting edges 271, 271 'and 272, 272' adjacent crushing tools have the same distance from the rotor axis and the respective cutting edges 271, 272 and 271 ', 272' of a tool 270 or 270 'lie in a plane which is parallel to the rotor axis, so that in turn an ideal cooperation with the reference to FIG. 10 realized counter knife device is realized.

Depending on the intended use and embodiment of the comminution device according to the invention more than four, in particular more than six or seven rows of blades can be arranged on the rotor. With an increase in the number of rows of blades which, as described above, can be arranged interleaved on the circumference of the rotor, the comminution performance of the comminution device according to the invention can be further increased. The comminution device according to the invention can be flexibly adapted to the respective comminution task, a suitable effective diameter of the rotor with arranged comminution tools can be in particular between 40 cm and 200 cm. The use of a plurality of crushing tools, which are releasably secured to the rotor as described, allows the replacement of cutters or tools within the smallest sections of a row of knives, it being found expedient to have more than 30 such shredding tools per 1 m rotor length, in particular more as 50 comminution tools per meter rotor length, most advantageously provide more than 80 comminution tools per meter rotor length.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

comminution device

20

machine housing

21

feet

22

torque arm

23

holder

24

opening

25

sheet hopper

26

shredding chamber

30

gusset

35

attack

40

Three-phase motor

50

Conveyor

51

feed motor

60

Counter knife

100

crushing rotor

101-104

diameter series

110

Joint Receivers

111

contact surface

130

chip pocket

150

toolholder

151, 152

contact surface

155

sloping surface

156, 158

drilling

157a, b

side surface

170

Crushing tool, smooth blade insert

171

cutting edge

172

threaded hole

173, 174

side surface

190

fixing screw

191

locating pin

195, 196

Weld

200

crushing rotor

201-204

diameter series

210

Joint Receivers

211

contact surface

230

chip pocket

250

toolholder

251, 252, 253

contact surface

254, 255

side surface

259

Recess for armor

270

Crushing tool, knife tooth insert

271, 271a, 271 ', 271a' 272 '

cutting edge

272

cutting edge

273

threaded hole

274, 275

side surface

290

fixing screw

291

locating pin

292

washer

295, 296

Weld

300

Against knife device

310

Against male connector

311, 312, 313

cutting edge

400

crushing rotor

401 - 406

diameter series

405a, 405b

Diameter series section

500

crushing rotor

501 - 506

diameter series

505a - 505d

Diameter series section

A

rotor axis

d

transfer

R

Rotor rotation

Claims (12)

1. Crushing device (1) for material to be crushed such as waist material and/or production residues, comprising a driving device driving at least one crushing rotor (100; 200, 400, 500) including at the circumference thereof a plurality of crushing tools (170; 270) fixed to said crushing rotor, for forming a row of knives (101 - 104; 201 - 204) extending in an inclined manner with respect to the axial direction, and said crushing tools (170; 270) cooperating with at least one counter knife arrangement adapted in its form to the rotation surface of the crushing rotor equipped with tools, for crushing the material to be processed, characterized in that adjacent crushing tools (170; 270) within a row of knives (101 - 104; 201 - 204, 401 - 406) are arranged so as to abut and particularly adjoin each other at the respectively associated lateral faces (173, 174; 275, 275) and are offset from each other at the circumference of the rotor, wherein equivalent cutting edges (171; 271, 271'; 272, 272') of adjacent crushing tools have the same distance from the rotor axis and respectively lie in one plane, which extends parallel to said rotor axis (A).
2. Crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that a crushing tool (170; 270) is respectively fixed in a detachable manner to the rotor (100; 200, 400, 500) by means of an associated tool holder (150; 250), wherein the respective tool holder is disposed in a holder fitting (110; 210) incorporated in the crushing rotor.
3. Crushing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a tool holder (150; 250) includes a squared, particularly quadrangular, base area, wherein a fitting for receiving the associated crushing tool (170; 270) is provided at a face of the tool holder turned towards the rotor rotation direction.
4. Crushing device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that said holder fitting (151; 251) provides an approximately tangentially oriented abutting surface (151; 251) for the associated tool holder (150; 250), said tool holder being supported against said surface in the tangential direction.
5. Crushing device according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in said rotor (100; 200) radially extending pins (191, 291) are provided, which pins extend out of a holder fitting (110; 210) and into the associated tool holder (150; 250).
6. Crushing device according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a crushing tool (170; 270) is fixed by means of a fixing bolt (190, 290), which extends through the respective tool holder (150; 250).
7. Crushing device according to any one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that there are provided several rows of knives (101 - 104; 201 - 204; 401 - 406, 501 - 506) which are each formed by a plurality of crushing tools, wherein two each of these rows of knives are arranged on the circumference of the crushing rotor (100; 200; 400; 500) in a manner spaced from each other and opposite to each other, for mutual compensation of the exertion of an axial motion component on the material to be crushed.
8. Crushing device according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that tool holders (150; 250) of adjacent crushing tools (170; 270) of a row of knives (101 - 140; 201 - 240; 401 - 406, 501 - 506) are arranged so as to abut each other at associated lateral faces (157a, b; 254, 255).
9. Crushing device according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that upstream of a row of knives (101 - 104; 201 - 204; 401 - 406, 501 - 506) in the rotor rotation direction (R), a continuous recess extending parallel to the row of knives is incorporated in the crushing rotor, for forming a chip pocket (130; 230).
10. Crushing device according to claim 9, characterized in that the circumferential extension of said recess upstream of said crushing tools (170; 270) in the installed position approximately corresponds to the height (h) of said crushing tools in the radial direction.
11. Crushing device according to one of the claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a crushing tool (170; 270) is constructed as a reversible plate and in the installed position provides a single cutting tooth, wherein said reversible plate is disposed in a prismatic seat of the associated tool holder (150; 250).
12. Crushing device according to claim 11, characterized in that lateral faces of said reversible plate are aligned with lateral faces of the said tool holder.

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