DE202005000675U1 - Rotary refuse cutter/crusher for wood or plastic has rotor blades presented at different angles - Google Patents

Abstract

A waste recycling shredder/crusher receives e.g. wood or plastic which are reduced in size by a rotor (10) with a core (18) that supports a knife blade (34) array. The blade array works in conjunction with an opposite blade (14) and the rotor. The blades (34) are linear units, each sub-divided into two (40, 42) sections at different angles of inclination to the rotor core (18) mantle line (M). The rotor core surface without a blade bears an anti-wear layer (40).

Description

The The invention relates to a crushing plant according to the preamble of the claim 1.

such Crushers are in different versions the market. Depending on whether they are coarser for shredding or finer goods are determined, they work with a smaller or larger share to milling action, Crushing action and cutting action.

On the one hand, rotors are known which have a surface contouring in order to avoid excessive friction losses between the comminuted material and the outer surface of the rotor core. An example of this is the DE 89 15 534 U1 ,

Similar rotors are also known with smooth rotor core ( DE 38 07 983 A1 ).

such smooth rotor cores are acceptable if the crushed material due its contour is capable of only small contact surfaces to the rotor surface. This is great pieces like beams, planks, etc., the case.

While you are at big to pieces to be shredded can trust that one Part of for that Cutting necessary reaction force over the material to be shredded itself can be provided, this applies e.g. not for such Crushing machines, which serve the post-shredding, so already be pre-shredded with good, which is already relatively small Dimensions. In such crushers one is also in reinforced Measure up instructed the cutting principle.

By The present invention is therefore intended to provide a crushing plant be a big one Part of the crushing work accomplished by cutting and over a long time Time trouble-free is working.

These The object is achieved by a crushing plant with the features specified in claim 1.

at the crushing plant according to the invention Move the moving cutting edges at a small cutting angle on the Counter knife away, with the crossover point the cutting moves in the axial direction. Since the cutting two cutting sections have, which are inclined in the opposite direction, is does not move material when cutting to an axial end of the rotor.

Such as the material exceeded the kink between the two cutting sections has, changes the axial reaction force, and the material is in the opposite Direction moves.

Thereby, that the circumferentially intermediate spaces between successive ones Male connectors are covered by a wear layer is the rotor core protected against material removal, which is characterized by a overall big area shares Covering layer of material to be crushed would result.

The wearing course can be independent in their material from the requirements to be placed on the material of the rotor core chosen become. You get so a lower material removal at the wear layer. About that In addition, the wear layer if necessary cheaper to be renewed as the rotor core.

advantageous Further developments of the invention are specified in subclaims.

The Development of the invention according to claim 2 also allows a more complicated contoured rotor core on the surface to coat with wear material close to the male connector. This Can be done using automatic welding robots under numerical control of the welding head movement.

One Crushing plant, as indicated in claim 3, can be also in smaller series reasonably priced produce.

The Development of the invention according to claim 5 is with regard to a particularly secure attachment of the lining segments, which the wear layer form, advantageous, since so the production of the segment parts, the usually bent to partially cylindrical shape, facilitates is.

The Subdivision of the lining segments into axial segment parts can be claimed 5 also use a mechanically particularly strong connection get the lining segments on the rotor core surface, as you the joint provide an additional weld between each segmental parts can.

According to claim 6 you can also see the edges connect the pad segments to the rotor core through a weld. Leave such welds easy to make, have a high load capacity and seal the joint between rotor core and lining segment, so that no hard objects are splitting here can enter.

Attaching the lining segments to the rotor core by welding also has the advantage of that you can easily remove worn wear plates by separating the weld. The re-laying of a rotor with wear material can thus be carried out easier than in the case of an in situ applied wear layer, which must be completely abraded for replacement.

angle of attack the sections of the male connector as specified in claim 7 are for comminution of material as special Cheap proved.

at a crushing plant according to claim 8 one has for the two sections of the male connector equal in terms of cutting geometry.

With the development of the invention according to claim 9 is achieved that the axial net force arising from successive male connectors the crushed material exercised are essentially zero.

With the development of the invention according to claim 10 is achieved that this Comminution material is moved around the axial center of the rotor, until it passes through the cutting gap formed by the rotor and counter knife is, passes through.

below The invention is based on an exemplary embodiment with reference closer to the drawing explained. In this show:

1 A schematic perspective view of a crushing plant;

2 A schematic development of the lateral surface of the occupied with wear plate segments rotor core of 1 crushing plant shown; and

3 A representation of various segment parts that make up the in 2 can show produced wear layer of the rotor.

1 shows schematically a perspective view of a crushing plant, which is used in conjunction with crushing, which is already fairly homogeneous. This may be comminution material which is the result of pre-crushing.

The crushing plant comprises a rotor 10 , which is mounted in a machine frame, not shown, and by a drive motor, not shown, in the direction of an arrow 12 is set in rotation.

The rotor 10 works with a counter knife 14 together, which is supported by the machine frame, not shown fixed. The axis of the counter knife 14 runs parallel to the axis of the rotor 10 , such that between rotor 10 and counter knife 14 a cutting gap 16 is obtained.

The rotor 10 comprises a cylindrical rotor core 18 , on whose end faces two cup-shaped depressions 20 are provided, which mounting flanges 22 from stub waves 24 releasably fixed. The latter run in bearings carried by the machine frame.

The rotor core 18 is with facet-like flattening 26 provided, the same radial distance from the rotor axis, however, are uniformly offset in the circumferential direction against each other, as shown in the drawing.

On the flats 26 is each a knife carrier 28 arranged. This is non-rotatably via pins, not shown, with the rotor core 18 connected and additionally each with a screw 30 in the radial direction on the rotor core 18 held.

The knife carrier 28 each have one in the direction of rotation of the rotor 10 front face 32 , on which the back of one of the knife carrier 28 held knife 34 lies flat. The knife 34 are each about screws 36 with the associated knife carrier 28 connected.

The whole arrangement is made so that the knives 34 together a male connector 38 Make the two straight male header sections 40 . 42 having. The male connector sections 40 . 42 are at opposite equal large angle w against a surface line M of the rotor core 18 hired.

The male connector 38 thus has the shape of a V with a large opening angle. In practice, this angle may be about 160 to 170 °, preferably about 165 °.

The two male connector sections 40 . 42 have different axial dimensions, so that the tip of a male connector 38 outside the axial center of the rotor 10 lies.

Around the circumference of the rotor core 18 There are five male connectors around 38 provided equally distributed, which have substantially the same structure, but in which the tip of the v alternately by the same amount to one or the other side of the transverse center plane of the rotor core 18 is offset.

In between the successive male connectors 38 lying peripheral regions of the rotor core 18 is a total with 44 designated wear layer provided. In the following more detailed description is in addition to the 2 and 3 Referenced.

The wear layer 44 consists of five circumferentially distributed wear parts 48-1 . 48-2 . 48-3 . 48-4 and 48-5 ,

These are each individually with their edges on the outside of the rotor core 18 welded. The corresponding weld beads are in 2 at 50 indicated.

Each of the wear pad parts 48 consists of two segment parts, between which a gap 52 of about 5 mm to 8 mm remains in practice, in each case a further welding bead 54 is provided, which connect the adjacent ends of the segment parts with the rotor core outer surface.

In 2 one recognizes with 56 the V-shaped interruptions of the wear layer 44 , in which the male connectors 38 are arranged in 2 are omitted for the sake of clarity as well as the flattening 26 of the rotor core 18 on which they sit.

It can be seen that the wear layer 44 in the geometry described above can build from a total of four different edge contours, which are designated in the drawing with A, B, C, and D. Mirror images with the same edge contour but different curvature are additionally provided with a comma.

The Segment parts are made of a highly wear-resistant sheet metal material, as sold under the trade name Hardox (R). such high-strength wear plates are with Brinell hardnesses from 400 and 500 commercially available. The thickness of such wear plates can be in the range of a few millimeters. For the purpose The present invention is suitable wear plates with a thickness of about 5 mm to 7 mm, preferably about 6 mm particularly good.

The segment parts are cut with a numerically controlled cutting device (laser or cutting edge cutting head) from a flat blank with the desired edge contour and are then inserted into a bending mold in which the segment parts are bent to such a part-cylindrical shape that they in planar contact the outside of the rotor core 18 can be put on. There they are in the desired position through the weld beads 50 and 52 fixed as described above.

In the developed representation of 2 is by a dashed line 58 the development of the lateral surface of the rotor core 18 indicated.

The counter knife 14 is in practice of several juxtaposed knife segments 60 assembled, which are individually bolted to the machine frame, as at 61 indicated, and can be individually reworked or replaced in case of damage or wear.

In the 1 Upper rearward facing longitudinal edge of the counter knife 14 forms a fixed cutting edge 62 with the edge of the male connector in the direction of rotation through the outer edge in the direction of rotation 38 formed circumferential cutting edge 64 works together in the manner of a pair of scissors.

At the in 1 shown angular position of the rotor 10 is just the leftmost end of the cutting edge 64 in opposition to the left-hand end of the cutting edge 62 came. Upon further rotation of the rotor 10 the cutting edge is running 64 at very close distance behind the cutting edge 62 past. In practice, this distance may be 0.1 mm or less, depending on the type of material to be shredded.

Upon further rotation of the rotor 10 in the direction of the arrow 12 then runs the crossover point of the cutting edges 62 . 64 in 1 to the right. That in the cutting gap between the cutting edge 64 and cutting edge 62 material is thus cut through. As far as a relative movement between the material to be shredded and the cutting edges takes place, this movement takes place due to the between the cutting edges 62 and 64 formed cutting angle s first in 1 to the right.

This in 1 right end of the cutting edge 64 comes a little later in comparison to the cutting edge 62 than that in 1 left end of the cutting edge 64 , In this way one obtains a better torque distribution of the cutting loads of the circumferential direction. For the shredded material, which from the right of the V of the cutting edge 64 lying part of the cutting edge 64 is detected, a similar scissors-like comminution, as above for the left-most section of the cutting edge 64 described, only a possible displacement of the crushing material takes place due to the opposite angle of attack of the right cutting edge portion in the drawing to the left to the V of the cutting edge 64 out.

In the crushing gap crushing material is then in any case between the cutting edges 62 and 64 cut when the V of the cutting edge 64 at the cutting edge 62 passes.

In a modification of the embodiment described above, one can wear layer 44 also produced by build-up welding in situ. For this purpose, known automatic working hardfacing devices can be used, which under numerical control powdered hard material with melting on the outer surface of the rotor core 18 in the desired sub-areas applies.

at this variant can wear materials chosen which are characterized by even greater wear resistance characterized, but too brittle are to be rolled and bent to sheets.

Also in the desired cylindrical shape cast wear lining parts made of highly wear-resistant Are casting conceivable. these can then mechanically, for. B. connected by screwing to the rotor core be.

With the crushing plant described above, which in practice at a speed of a few hundred, z. B. about 300 revolutions per Minute operated, large quantities can be pre-shredded Process material to fine shredded material with good homogeneity.

The one behind by the rotor 10 and the counter-knife 14 shredded material obtained from the cutting gap formed can pass through a sieve which adjoins the lower end of the counter knife 14 connects and around the bottom of the rotor 10 around, sieved and collected behind the sieve and discharged into a silo or the like. Alternatively, the crushed material can also be briquetted into pellets.

Claims (10)

Crushing plant comprising a rotor ( 10 ), which has a rotor core ( 18 ) and worn by this knife ( 34 ), and with at least one counter knife ( 14 ), which with the rotor ( 10 ), characterized in that the knives ( 34 ) in the form of at least one male connector ( 38 ) are arranged, which two male connector sections ( 40 . 42 ), which at opposite angle of attack against a surface line (M) of the rotor core ( 18 ) and that the blade-free surface areas of the rotor core ( 18 ) at least one wear layer ( 40 ) wear. Crushing plant according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a part of the wear layer ( 40 ) through to the rotor core ( 18 ) welded-on wear material is formed. Crushing plant according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a part of the wear layer ( 40 ) through to the outside of the rotor core ( 18 ) attached wear pad parts ( 48 ) is formed. Crushing plant according to claim 3, characterized in that the wear lining parts ( 48 ) are divided in the axial direction. Shredding unit according to Claim 4, characterized in that the wear-lining parts (A, B, C, D, E) are spaced apart at their abutment points ( 52 ), and by a weld there ( 54 ) with the rotor core ( 18 ) are connected. Crushing plant according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the wear layer covering parts ( 48 ) at their edges with the rotor core ( 18 ) by a weld ( 50 ) are connected. Crushing plant according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the male blade sections ( 40 . 42 ) include an angle (w) of about 5 ° to about 10 °, preferably about 7.5 ° with a surface line (M). Crushing plant according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the male blade sections ( 40 . 42 ) equal in magnitude equal angles (w) with a surface line (M) include. Crushing plant according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the joints between the male blade sections ( 40 . 42 ) in the circumferential direction on successive male connectors ( 38 ) are axially offset from one another. Crushing plant according to claim 9, characterized in that the joints of the two male blade sections ( 40 . 42 ) in the circumferential direction of successive male connectors ( 38 ) in the opposite direction by the same amount from the transverse center plane of the rotor core ( 18 ) are spaced.