EP1899072B1 - Shredding device - Google Patents

Shredding device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1899072B1
EP1899072B1 EP06753721.7A EP06753721A EP1899072B1 EP 1899072 B1 EP1899072 B1 EP 1899072B1 EP 06753721 A EP06753721 A EP 06753721A EP 1899072 B1 EP1899072 B1 EP 1899072B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
comminution
screening device
cylinder
screening
crushing
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EP06753721.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1899072A1 (en
Inventor
Johann Doppstadt
Horst Berger
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Doppstadt Calbe GmbH
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Doppstadt Calbe GmbH
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Publication of EP1899072A1 publication Critical patent/EP1899072A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
    • B02C18/2216—Discharge means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a comminution device for comminuting different materials.
  • a crushing device is known from GB 2344060 known.
  • Such comminution devices are known in various designs. They consist of at least one comminution roller rotatably mounted in a machine frame with at least one comminution tool arranged thereon and at least one counterblade cooperating with the comminution tool. Furthermore, the known comminution devices have at least one screening device for the comminuted product, the housing of which at least partially encloses the comminution cylinder. Enclosing the housing through the screening device is necessary so that the shredded material can be completely absorbed.
  • the crushing roller usually has a plurality of crushing tools which cooperate with a corresponding number of counter cutters.
  • the screening device comprises the entire length of the crushing roller in order to be able to completely absorb all comminuted material.
  • the object of the invention is solved by the features of claim 1.
  • the comminution device consists of at least one comminution roller rotatably mounted in a machine frame with at least one comminution tool arranged thereon and with at least one counterblade cooperating with the comminution tool and having at least one comminution device for the comminuted product whose housing at least partially encloses the comminution cylinder characterized in that the screening device is arranged to be movable relative to the machine frame and / or the crushing roller. Due to the movable arrangement of the screening device for the comminution roller, the screening device is caused to reciprocate in the direction of the axis of the comminution cylinder in the comminution process, thereby producing a cleaning effect.
  • the screening device is not always located only under the same point of the crushing roller or counter-blade, so that the resulting shredded material can be better distributed.
  • the relative movement at the same time causes a better removal of the comminuted material from the screening device, which has further positive effects.
  • the relative movement is provided for the screening device parallel to the axis of the crushing roller.
  • This relative movement is characterized by a relatively simple feasibility. Due to the design of these machines, this is structurally most effective to accomplish.
  • the relative movement is effected either in the machine frame itself and is provided as a so-called pendulum motion or reciprocating motion with respect to the roller.
  • the machine frame, including the screening device is designed to be relatively movable to the roller. It is structurally no problem to oscillate the rollers back and forth in the manner of a pendulum motion. Such an embodiment is also included in the proposal according to the invention.
  • Another aspect of the invention is characterized in that the screening device has openings which serve to fractionate the comminuted material and which are arranged facing the collecting side.
  • This design of the screening device according to the invention ensures, on the one hand, that only comminuted material passes according to a designated fractionation into the screening device for removal and, on the other hand, that just not sufficiently comminuted material still remains in the comminuting area between the roller and counterblade and is processed accordingly again.
  • the combination of the screening device with the corresponding openings with the relative movement of the screening device with respect to the machine frame or the crushing roller, it is now possible to use appropriate sieves, which just because of the relative movement not clog so quickly and experience a constant self-cleaning process.
  • the sieve device is in the form of a basket, that is to say it surrounds the comminuting cylinder like a basket, at least in a region comprising half or more than half of the comminuting cylinder at the outer diameter.
  • This basket-like training has several advantages. It leads to the fact that certain areas of the crushing roller can be subjected to a visual inspection even without dismantling the basket. Also, certain service work, such as changing crushers, done without disassembly of the screening device.
  • the screening device is arranged away from the comminution cylinder or onto the comminution cylinder.
  • the screening device can now be pivoted away.
  • This can be used extremely favorably for service work and for cleaning work, for example when a product change of the comminuted material, since the accessibility to the screening device is now significantly improved.
  • the crushing roller for certain maintenance and cleaning work is also more accessible, so that the above work can be realized much faster and therefore more cost-effective.
  • a change of the side of the screening device, which faces the collecting side is possible if, for example, a modified fractionation for the comminuted material is desired.
  • it is of course beneficial if the screening device is pivoted away from the crushing roller, then the change of the screen of the screening device takes place and after completion of this work, the screening device is pivoted back into its working position.
  • a development of the invention provides that the openings of the screening device are variable with respect to their opening way or opening size. It is of course also possible to arrange corresponding grids or sieves on the collecting side facing side of the screening device, which are then interchangeable for a size change or change the fractionation. Both variants are encompassed by the solution according to the invention. This also achieves a higher universality of the shredding device according to the invention.
  • the device has two comminution rollers, which in particular have an opposite direction of rotation. It is then provided, of course, that both rollers of a screening device preferably also enclosed like a basket become. Since the rollers are arranged in opposite directions, it is now possible to arrange a two-sided counter-blade in the center of the machine, resulting in further advantages. These advantages arise both in terms of maintenance and with regard to the comminution effect. Since the screening devices are formed wegschwenkbar in the variant according to the invention with two rollers, a cheaper maintenance or replacement service is also possible here. Furthermore, it can be arranged by the central storage of the counter blade such that a very favorable setting possibility arises with respect to shear blade to knife. Optionally, the counter-blade can also be arranged on a corresponding height-adjustable fastening device. The above-described advantages of the invention are also achieved in the embodiment with two crushing rollers.
  • the comminution device according to the invention has a counter-blade which has cutters on both sides, which in each case interact with the comminuting tools of the comminution roller facing the cutting edge.
  • the counter knife By the variants of the invention described above, it is also possible to form the counter knife cheaper as height adjustable. Of course, this embodiment is also feasible in the variant with only one crushing roller.
  • the invention is not limited to a solution consisting of two crushing rollers with a counter blade and two-sided cutting.
  • each with a screening device for each crushing roller is, according to a further embodiment of the invention, varies.
  • a drive for each crushing roller and screening device preferably for all crushing rollers and screening devices is provided. It is advantageous if the crushing roller has, for example, an electric drive.
  • a hydraulic drive is provided for the screening device or for the screening devices.
  • the length or the extent of the relative movement of the screening device can be changed and corresponds at least to the distance with which the comminuting tools are arranged on the comminuting cylinder. This ensures that, due to the relative movement of the screening device, all parts of the side of the screening device facing the roller always travel in such a way that they pass through all areas equally with respect to the elevations and depressions of the roller. This achieves an excellent cleaning and sieving effect. The risk of clogging is thus almost completely eliminated.
  • embodiments of the invention are also included, in which the relative movement with respect to the distance of the comminution tools on the comminution roller are larger or smaller.
  • the invention is also characterized in that the position of the comminuting rollers in the device is oriented substantially horizontally. This does not exclude that the crushing rollers are inclined at a certain angle, for example, improves the removal of the shredded material. Consequently, then the screening devices are arranged accordingly. They enclose the crushing roller based on the diameter at least half.
  • the screening device comprises the crushing roller in the lower direction in the Aufstellraum.
  • the cutting roller seen in section encloses by about 45% to 60%.
  • the invention also relates to the screening device as such, which can be retrofitted, for example, to certain size reduction devices.
  • the screening device refers to all variants, which were previously described for the crushing device.
  • the FIG. 1 shows a three-dimensional view of a first embodiment of the crushing device according to the invention.
  • the reference numeral 1 denotes the crushing roller, which is rotatably mounted in a machine frame I.
  • comminution tools 2 are arranged spirally.
  • the comminution tools 2 are formed from a knife carrier, which is provided on the circumference of the crushing roller 1.
  • the knife carriers themselves carry the comminution knives on their sides oriented in the cutting direction.
  • the crushing tools 2 cooperate with a counter-blade 3, which are arranged on a portal or frame.
  • the counter-blade 3 in this case has a multiplicity of cutting edges which are arranged corresponding to the comminuting tools and which interact with the comminuting blades of the comminution tools 2.
  • the material to be crushed is transported by the crushing roller against the counter-blade and crushed there by the crushing tools in cooperation with the counter-blade.
  • the comminuted material is collected by a screening device 4, which is arranged in a basket-like manner around the comminution cylinder 1.
  • the screening device 4 comprises approximately 60% of the circumference of the comminution cylinder 1.
  • the representation according to the FIG. 1 also shows that the screening device 4 is formed by the crushing roller 1 wegschwenkbar. Furthermore, in the FIG. 1 the distance a specified, which denotes the distance between the individual crushing tools 2 with each other on the crushing roller 1.
  • the comminution cylinder 1 is set in a rotary motion. This rotational movement is provided in the illustrated variant in a clockwise direction, since the cutting edges are arranged accordingly on the crushing tools.
  • This crushing tool act, as already described, together with the counter-blade 3, so that the material to be crushed is comminuted accordingly.
  • the shredded good comes in the right size then into the screening device, when it passes through the openings provided there in the body of the screening device.
  • the screening device is arranged analogously to the formation of the roller, wherein a slight inclination is advantageous, so that the material to be crushed can also be transported away at the same time low.
  • the comminuted material then passes from the screening device, for example, to a corresponding conveyor, which removes the comminuted material.
  • this is not essential to the invention and therefore not shown.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the solution according to the invention, in which two crushing rollers 1 are provided. Both crushing rollers 1 are each comprised of screening devices 4. In the center of the crushing device is the counter-blade 3, with a plurality of cutting edges, which cooperate with the crushing tools 2, which are indicated only schematically.
  • the axes of the crushing rollers 1 are denoted by A and B.
  • the installation level for the device is designated by reference II.
  • the machine frame in turn bears the reference I.
  • the frame is designated for the counter-blade, which may be formed, for example portal-like. In particular, this frame is designed to be height adjustable.
  • the screening devices 4 are formed by the crushing rollers 1 each pivoting away to the left and right. This increases the ease of servicing and can, for example, have a very favorable effect on a change of the screens or else for necessary cleaning work in the case of comminution material changeover.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung zur Zerkleinerung von verschiedenen Materialien. Eine derartige Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung ist aus der GB 2344060 bekannt.The invention relates to a comminution device for comminuting different materials. Such a crushing device is known from GB 2344060 known.

Derartige Zerkleinerungsvorrichtungen sind in verschiedenen Ausführungen bekannt. Sie bestehen aus wenigstens einer in einem Maschinengestell drehbar gelagerten Zerkleinerungswalze mit zumindest einem darauf angeordnetem Zerkleinerungswerkzeug und aus wenigstens einer Gegenschneide, die mit dem Zerkleinerungswerkzeug zusammenwirkt. Im Weiteren weisen die bekannten Zerkleinerungsvorrichtungen wenigstens eine Siebvorrichtung für das zerkleinerte Gut auf, deren Gehäuse die Zerkleinerungswalze zumindest teilweise umfasst. Die Umfassung des Gehäuses durch die Siebvorrichtung ist notwendig, damit das zerkleinerte Material vollständig aufgefangen werden kann.Such comminution devices are known in various designs. They consist of at least one comminution roller rotatably mounted in a machine frame with at least one comminution tool arranged thereon and at least one counterblade cooperating with the comminution tool. Furthermore, the known comminution devices have at least one screening device for the comminuted product, the housing of which at least partially encloses the comminution cylinder. Enclosing the housing through the screening device is necessary so that the shredded material can be completely absorbed.

Die Zerkleinerungswalze hat in der Regel eine Vielzahl von Zerkleinerungswerkzeugen, die mit einer korrespondierenden Anzahl von Gegenschneiden zusammenwirken. Die Siebvorrichtung umfasst dabei die gesamte Länge der Zerkleinerungswalze, um alles zerkleinerte Gut vollständig auffangen zu können. Das Problem besteht nun darin, dass im Dauerbetrieb durch das zerkleinerte Gut in der Siebvorrichtung Verstopfungen entstehen, die in der Regel nur durch ein Abstellen der Maschine und eine Reinigung derselben abzustellen sind. Dies behindert natürlich einen kontinuierlichen Zerkleinerungsprozess, so dass sowohl durch das Abstellen der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung und auch durch die anschließend notwendigen Säuberungsarbeiten nicht unerhebliche Aufwendungen für den Betreiber derartiger Zerkleinerungsvorrichtungen entstehen.The crushing roller usually has a plurality of crushing tools which cooperate with a corresponding number of counter cutters. The screening device comprises the entire length of the crushing roller in order to be able to completely absorb all comminuted material. The problem now is that in continuous operation by the crushed material in the sieve blockages arise, which are usually only by turning off the machine and cleaning them off. Of course, this hinders a continuous comminution process, so that both by the shutdown of the crushing device and by the subsequent necessary cleaning work incur not inconsiderable expenses for the operator of such shredding devices.

Ausgehend von dem zuvor beschriebenen Stand der Technik ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung zu entwickeln, die die zuvor aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Nachteile nicht mehr aufweist.Based on the above-described prior art, it is an object of the invention to develop a crushing device, which no longer has the disadvantages known from the prior art.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung, besteht aus wenigstens einer in einem Maschinengestell drehbar gelagerten Zerkleinerungswalze mit zumindest einem darauf angeordneten Zerkleinerungswerkzeug und mit wenigstens einer Gegenschneide, die mit dem Zerkleinerungswerkzeug zusammenwirkt und mit wenigstens einer Siebvorrichtung für das zerkleinerte Gut, deren Gehäuse die Zerkleinerungswalze zumindest teilweise umfasst, die sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass die Siebvorrichtung relativ zum Maschinengestell und/oder zur Zerkleinerungswalze bewegbar angeordnet ist. Durch die bewegbare Anordnung der Siebvorrichtung zur Zerkleinerungswalze wird bewirkt, dass im Zerkleinerungsprozess sich die Siebvorrichtung in Richtung der Achse der Zerkleinerungswalze hin- und herbewegt und dadurch ein Reinigungseffekt entsteht. Die Siebvorrichtung befindet sich dabei nicht immer nur unter der gleichen Stelle der Zerkleinerungswalze beziehungsweise Gegenschneide, so dass das anfallende zerkleinerte Material besser verteilt werden kann. Durch die Relativbewegung wird gleichzeitig ein besserer Abtransport des zerkleinerten Gutes aus der Siebvorrichtung bewirkt, was weitere positive Effekte zur Folge hat.The object of the invention is solved by the features of claim 1. The comminution device consists of at least one comminution roller rotatably mounted in a machine frame with at least one comminution tool arranged thereon and with at least one counterblade cooperating with the comminution tool and having at least one comminution device for the comminuted product whose housing at least partially encloses the comminution cylinder characterized in that the screening device is arranged to be movable relative to the machine frame and / or the crushing roller. Due to the movable arrangement of the screening device for the comminution roller, the screening device is caused to reciprocate in the direction of the axis of the comminution cylinder in the comminution process, thereby producing a cleaning effect. The screening device is not always located only under the same point of the crushing roller or counter-blade, so that the resulting shredded material can be better distributed. The relative movement at the same time causes a better removal of the comminuted material from the screening device, which has further positive effects.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausführung der Siebvorrichtung, nämlich deren relative Beweglichkeit bezüglich des Maschinengestells beziehungsweise bezüglich zur Zerkleinerungswalze, ist es jetzt gegeben, dass die Nachteile aus dem Stand der Technik vollständig beseitigt wurden. Die Leerlaufzeiten beziehungsweise Stillstandszeiten der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtungen werden auf ein Minimum, nämlich lediglich zu üblichen Wartungszwecken reduziert und die recht zeitaufwendigen und unangenehmen Reinigungsarbeiten während der Zerkleinerungstätigkeiten entfallen vollständig.Due to the inventive design of the screening device, namely their relative mobility with respect to the machine frame or with respect to the crushing roller, it is now given that the disadvantages of the prior art have been completely eliminated. The idle times or downtime of the crushing devices are reduced to a minimum, namely only for normal maintenance purposes and the quite time-consuming and unpleasant cleaning work during the shredding activities completely eliminated.

Entsprechend der Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, dass die Relativbewegung für die Siebvorrichtung parallel zur Achse der Zerkleinerungswalze vorgesehen ist. Diese Relativbewegung zeichnet sich durch eine relativ einfache Realisierbarkeit aus. Aufgrund der Ausführungsart dieser Maschinen ist dies konstruktiv am günstigsten zu bewerkstelligen. Die Relativbewegung wird dabei entweder in dem Maschinengestell selbst bewirkt und ist als sogenannte Pendelbewegung oder Hin- und Herbewegung bezüglich der Walze vorgesehen. Selbstverständlich ist es auch möglich, dass das Maschinengestell inklusive der Siebvorrichtung relativ beweglich zur Walze ausgeführt wird. Es ist konstruktiv auch kein Problem, die Walzen in Art einer Pendelbewegung hin und her pendeln zu lassen. Auch eine derartige Ausführungsform ist von dem erfindungsgemäßen Vorschlag umfasst.According to the invention, it is provided that the relative movement is provided for the screening device parallel to the axis of the crushing roller. This relative movement is characterized by a relatively simple feasibility. Due to the design of these machines, this is structurally most effective to accomplish. The relative movement is effected either in the machine frame itself and is provided as a so-called pendulum motion or reciprocating motion with respect to the roller. Of course, it is also possible that the machine frame, including the screening device is designed to be relatively movable to the roller. It is structurally no problem to oscillate the rollers back and forth in the manner of a pendulum motion. Such an embodiment is also included in the proposal according to the invention.

Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung ist dadurch angegeben, dass die Siebvorrichtung Öffnungen aufweist, die der Fraktionierung des zerkleinerten Gutes dienen und die zur Auffangseite zugewandt angeordnet sind. Durch diese Gestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Siebvorrichtung wird zum einen gewährleistet, dass nur zerkleinertes Gut entsprechend einer vorgesehenen Fraktionierung in die Siebvorrichtung zum Abtransport gelangt und zum anderen, dass eben noch nicht ausreichend zerkleinertes Gut noch im Zerkleinerungsbereich zwischen Walze und Gegenschneide verbleibt und entsprechend nochmals bearbeitet wird. Auch durch die Kombination der Siebvorrichtung mit den entsprechenden Öffnungen mit der Relativbewegung der Siebvorrichtung bezüglich des Maschinengestells beziehungsweise der Zerkleinerungswalze ist es jetzt möglich, auch entsprechende Siebe einzusetzen, die eben aufgrund der Relativbewegung sich nicht so schnell zusetzen und einen ständigen Selbstreinigungsprozess erfahren.Another aspect of the invention is characterized in that the screening device has openings which serve to fractionate the comminuted material and which are arranged facing the collecting side. This design of the screening device according to the invention ensures, on the one hand, that only comminuted material passes according to a designated fractionation into the screening device for removal and, on the other hand, that just not sufficiently comminuted material still remains in the comminuting area between the roller and counterblade and is processed accordingly again. Also by the combination of the screening device with the corresponding openings with the relative movement of the screening device with respect to the machine frame or the crushing roller, it is now possible to use appropriate sieves, which just because of the relative movement not clog so quickly and experience a constant self-cleaning process.

Die Siebvorrichtung ist entsprechend einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung korbartig ausgebildet, das heißt, sie umschließt die Zerkleinerungswalze wie ein Korb, zumindest in einem Bereich, der die Hälfte oder mehr als die Hälfte der Zerkleinerungswalze am äußeren Durchmesser umfasst. Diese korbartige Ausbildung hat mehrere Vorteile. Sie führt zum einen dazu, dass bestimmte Bereiche der Zerkleinerungswalze auch ohne ein Demontieren des Korbes einer Sichtprüfung unterzogen werden können. Auch können bestimmte Servicearbeiten, wie beispielsweise das Wechseln von Zerkleinerungsmessern, ohne eine Demontage der Siebvorrichtung erfolgen.According to an advantageous development of the invention, the sieve device is in the form of a basket, that is to say it surrounds the comminuting cylinder like a basket, at least in a region comprising half or more than half of the comminuting cylinder at the outer diameter. This basket-like training has several advantages. It leads to the fact that certain areas of the crushing roller can be subjected to a visual inspection even without dismantling the basket. Also, certain service work, such as changing crushers, done without disassembly of the screening device.

Eine Weiterbildung der zuvor beschriebenen Ausführungsform der Erfindung schlägt vor, dass die Siebvorrichtung von der Zerkleinerungswalze weg- beziehungsweise auf die Zerkleinerungswalze zuschwenkbar angeordnet ist. In Kombination mit einer korbartigen Ausbildung ist beispielsweise die Siebvorrichtung jetzt wegschwenkbar. Dies kann für Servicearbeiten und für Reinigungsarbeiten, beispielsweise wenn ein Produktwechsel des zerkleinerten Gutes erfolgt, äußerst günstig genutzt werden, da die Zugänglichkeit zu der Siebvorrichtung jetzt wesentlich verbessert ist. Auch wird die Zerkleinerungswalze für bestimmte Wartungs- und Reinigungsarbeiten ebenfalls besser zugänglich, so dass die genannten Arbeiten wesentlich schneller und damit kostengünstiger realisiert werden können. Auch ein Wechsel der Seite der Siebvorrichtung, die zur Auffangseite hin zugewandt ist, ist möglich, wenn beispielsweise eine veränderte Fraktionierung für das zerkleinerte Gut gewünscht wird. Auch für diesen Zweck ist es selbstverständlich günstig, wenn die Siebvorrichtung von der Zerkleinerungswalze weggeschwenkt wird, dann der Wechsel des Siebes der Siebvorrichtung erfolgt und nach Abschluss dieser Arbeiten die Siebvorrichtung wieder in ihre Arbeitsposition geschwenkt wird.A development of the previously described embodiment of the invention proposes that the screening device is arranged away from the comminution cylinder or onto the comminution cylinder. For example, in combination with a basket-like design, the screening device can now be pivoted away. This can be used extremely favorably for service work and for cleaning work, for example when a product change of the comminuted material, since the accessibility to the screening device is now significantly improved. Also, the crushing roller for certain maintenance and cleaning work is also more accessible, so that the above work can be realized much faster and therefore more cost-effective. Also, a change of the side of the screening device, which faces the collecting side, is possible if, for example, a modified fractionation for the comminuted material is desired. Also for this purpose, it is of course beneficial if the screening device is pivoted away from the crushing roller, then the change of the screen of the screening device takes place and after completion of this work, the screening device is pivoted back into its working position.

Eine Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Öffnungen der Siebvorrichtung bezüglich ihrer Öffnungsweise beziehungsweise Öffnungsgröße veränderbar sind. Es ist selbstverständlich auch möglich, entsprechende Gitter oder Siebe auf der der Auffangseite zugewandten Seite der Siebvorrichtung anzuordnen, die für eine Größenänderung beziehungsweise Änderung der Fraktionierung dann auswechselbar sind. Beide Varianten sind von der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung umfasst. Auch hierdurch wird eine höhere Universalität der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung erreicht.A development of the invention provides that the openings of the screening device are variable with respect to their opening way or opening size. It is of course also possible to arrange corresponding grids or sieves on the collecting side facing side of the screening device, which are then interchangeable for a size change or change the fractionation. Both variants are encompassed by the solution according to the invention. This also achieves a higher universality of the shredding device according to the invention.

Erfindungsgemäß wurde auch gefunden, dass es von Vorteil ist, wenn die Vorrichtung zwei Zerkleinerungswalzen aufweist, die insbesondere eine gegenläufige Drehrichtung aufweisen. Dabei ist es dann selbstverständlich vorgesehen, dass beide Walzen von einer Siebvorrichtung vorzugsweise ebenfalls korbartig umschlossen werden. Da die Walzen gegenläufig angeordnet sind, ist es jetzt möglich, eine zweiseitige Gegenschneide im Zentrum der Maschine anzuordnen, wodurch weitere Vorteile entstehen. Diese Vorteile ergeben sich sowohl bezüglich der Wartung als auch hinsichtlich des Zerkleinerungseffektes. Da die Siebvorrichtungen auch in der erfindungsgemäßen Variante mit zwei Walzen wegschwenkbar ausgebildet sind, ist auch hier ein günstigerer Wartungs- beziehungsweise Wechselservice möglich. Im Weiteren kann durch die zentrale Lagerung der Gegenschneide diese derart angeordnet werden, dass eine sehr günstige Einstellt möglichkeit bezüglich Gegenschneide zu Messer entsteht. Gegebenenfalls lässt sich die Gegenschneide auch auf einer entsprechenden höhenverstellbaren Befestigungsvorrichtung anordnen. Die zuvor beschriebenen erfindungsgemäßen Vorteile werden bei der Ausführungsform mit zwei Zerkleinerungswalzen ebenfalls erreicht.According to the invention, it has also been found that it is advantageous if the device has two comminution rollers, which in particular have an opposite direction of rotation. It is then provided, of course, that both rollers of a screening device preferably also enclosed like a basket become. Since the rollers are arranged in opposite directions, it is now possible to arrange a two-sided counter-blade in the center of the machine, resulting in further advantages. These advantages arise both in terms of maintenance and with regard to the comminution effect. Since the screening devices are formed wegschwenkbar in the variant according to the invention with two rollers, a cheaper maintenance or replacement service is also possible here. Furthermore, it can be arranged by the central storage of the counter blade such that a very favorable setting possibility arises with respect to shear blade to knife. Optionally, the counter-blade can also be arranged on a corresponding height-adjustable fastening device. The above-described advantages of the invention are also achieved in the embodiment with two crushing rollers.

Demzufolge weist die erfindungsgemäße Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung entsprechend einer weiteren Variante der Erfindung ein Gegenmesser auf, das beidseitig Schneiden aufweist, die jeweils mit den Zerkleinerungswerkzeugen der der Schneide zugewandten Zerkleinerungswalze zusammenwirken. Dieser Effekt wurde bei der vorhergehenden Ausführungsform der Erfindung bereits beschrieben.Accordingly, according to a further variant of the invention, the comminution device according to the invention has a counter-blade which has cutters on both sides, which in each case interact with the comminuting tools of the comminution roller facing the cutting edge. This effect has already been described in the previous embodiment of the invention.

Durch die zuvor beschriebenen Varianten der Erfindung ist es auch möglich, das Gegenmesser günstiger weise höhenverstellbar auszubilden. Selbstverständlich ist diese Ausführungsform auch bei der Variante mit nur einer Zerkleinerungswalze realisierbar. Die Erfindung ist hier nicht auf eine Lösung bestehend aus zwei Zerkleinerungswalzen mit einem Gegenmesser und zweiseitigen Schneiden eingeschränkt.By the variants of the invention described above, it is also possible to form the counter knife cheaper as height adjustable. Of course, this embodiment is also feasible in the variant with only one crushing roller. The invention is not limited to a solution consisting of two crushing rollers with a counter blade and two-sided cutting.

Nach der Erfindung ist es möglich, bei der Ausführungsform mit zwei Zerkleinerungswalzen, entweder eine einzige Siebvorrichtung vorzusehen oder aber für jede Zerkleinerungswalze eine eigene Siebvorrichtung. Die Variante mit je einer Siebvorrichtung für jede Zerkleinerungswalze ist dabei, entsprechend einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung, variiert.According to the invention, it is possible to provide in the embodiment with two crushing rollers, either a single screening device or a separate screening device for each comminuting cylinder. The variant, each with a screening device for each crushing roller is, according to a further embodiment of the invention, varies.

Nach der Erfindung ist es auch vorgesehen, dass je ein Antrieb für Zerkleinerungswalze und Siebvorrichtung, bevorzugt für alle Zerkleinerungswalzen und Siebvorrichtungen vorgesehen ist. Dabei ist es von Vorteil, wenn die Zerkleinerungswalze zum Beispiel einen elektrischen Antrieb aufweist. Für die Siebvorrichtungen hat es sich als Vorteil herausgestellt, wenn, entsprechend einer weiteren Variante der Erfindung, ein hydraulischer Antrieb für die Siebvorrichtung oder für die Siebvorrichtungen vorgesehen ist.According to the invention, it is also provided that a drive for each crushing roller and screening device, preferably for all crushing rollers and screening devices is provided. It is advantageous if the crushing roller has, for example, an electric drive. For the screening devices, it has proven to be advantageous if, according to a further variant of the invention, a hydraulic drive is provided for the screening device or for the screening devices.

Erfindungsgemäß wurde auch gefunden, dass es von Vorteil ist, wenn die Länge beziehungsweise das Maß der Relativbewegung der Siebvorrichtung veränderbar ist und zumindest dem Abstand entspricht, mit dem die Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge auf der Zerkleinerungswalze angeordnet sind. Dadurch wird es gewährleistet, dass durch die Relativbewegung der Siebvorrichtung alle Teile der der Walze zugewandten Seite der Siebvorrichtung immer so wandern, dass sie bezüglich der Erhöhungen und Vertiefungen der Walze, alle Bereiche gleichermaßen durchwandern. Damit wird ein ausgezeichneter Reinigungs- und Siebeffekt erreicht. Die Verstopfungsgefahr ist dadurch fast vollständig behoben. Selbstverständlich sind auch Ausführungsvarianten von der Erfindung umfasst, bei denen die Relativbewegung bezüglich des Abstandes der Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge auf der Zerkleinerungswalze größer oder kleiner sind.According to the invention, it has also been found that it is advantageous if the length or the extent of the relative movement of the screening device can be changed and corresponds at least to the distance with which the comminuting tools are arranged on the comminuting cylinder. This ensures that, due to the relative movement of the screening device, all parts of the side of the screening device facing the roller always travel in such a way that they pass through all areas equally with respect to the elevations and depressions of the roller. This achieves an excellent cleaning and sieving effect. The risk of clogging is thus almost completely eliminated. Of course, embodiments of the invention are also included, in which the relative movement with respect to the distance of the comminution tools on the comminution roller are larger or smaller.

Die Erfindung zeichnet sich entsprechend einer Ausführungsform auch dadurch aus, dass die Lage der Zerkleinerungswalzen in der Vorrichtung im Wesentlichen waagerecht orientiert ist. Dies schließt nicht aus, dass die Zerkleinerungswalzen in einem bestimmten Winkel geneigt sind, der beispielsweise den Abtransport des zerkleinerten Gutes verbessert. Demzufolge sind dann auch die Siebvorrichtungen entsprechend angeordnet. Sie umschließen dabei die Zerkleinerungswalze bezogen auf den Durchmesser zumindest zur Hälfte. Insbesondere ist es jedoch gegeben, dass entsprechend einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung die Siebvorrichtung die Zerkleinerungswalze im in Aufstellrichtung unteren Bereich umfasst.According to one embodiment, the invention is also characterized in that the position of the comminuting rollers in the device is oriented substantially horizontally. This does not exclude that the crushing rollers are inclined at a certain angle, for example, improves the removal of the shredded material. Consequently, then the screening devices are arranged accordingly. They enclose the crushing roller based on the diameter at least half. In particular, however, it is given that according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the screening device comprises the crushing roller in the lower direction in the Aufstellrichtung.

Dabei ist es von Vorteil, wenn die Siebvorrichtung die Zerkleinerungswalze im Schnitt gesehen um etwa 45% bis 60% umschließt.It is advantageous if the screening device, the cutting roller seen in section encloses by about 45% to 60%.

Erfindungsgemäß wurde auch gefunden, dass es von Vorteil ist, wenn das untere Ende der Siebvorrichtung und der obere Abschnitt derselben einen Winkel von 40° bis 60°, bezogen auf die Aufstellebene der Vorrichtung, bilden. Dadurch sind optimale Sieb- und Auffangergebnisse für das zerkleinerte Gut realisierbar. Die Erfindung betrifft selbstverständlich auch die Siebvorrichtung als solche, die beispielsweise an bestimmten Zerkleinerungsvorrichtungen entsprechend nachrüstbar ist. Die Siebvorrichtung bezieht sich dabei auf sämtliche Ausführungsvarianten, die zuvor für die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung beschrieben wurden.According to the invention it has also been found that it is advantageous if the lower end of the screening device and the upper portion thereof form an angle of 40 ° to 60 °, relative to the mounting plane of the device. As a result, optimum screening and collecting results for the shredded material can be realized. Of course, the invention also relates to the screening device as such, which can be retrofitted, for example, to certain size reduction devices. The screening device refers to all variants, which were previously described for the crushing device.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen weiter beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine dreidimensionale Darstellung einer Ausführungsvariante der erfindungsgemäßen Siebvorrichtung und
Fig. 2
eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung mit zwei Zerkleinerungswalzen.
The invention will be further described by means of embodiments. Show it:
Fig. 1
a three-dimensional representation of an embodiment of the screening device according to the invention and
Fig. 2
a further embodiment of the invention with two crushing rollers.

Die Figur 1 zeigt eine dreidimensionale Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung. Das Bezugszeichen 1 bezeichnet dabei die Zerkleinerungswalze, die in einem Maschinengestell I drehbar gelagert ist. Auf der Zerkleinerungswalze 1 sind Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge 2 spiralförmig angeordnet. Die Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge 2 sind dabei aus einem Messerträger gebildet, der am Umfang der Zerkleinerungswalze 1 vorgesehen ist. Die Messerträger selbst tragen an ihren in Schneidrichtung orientierten Seiten die Zerkleinerungsmesser. Die Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge 2 wirken mit einer Gegenschneide 3 zusammen, die auf einem Portal beziehungsweise Gestell angeordnet sind. Die Gegenschneide 3 weist dabei eine Vielzahl von Schneiden auf, die korrespondierend zu den Zerkleinerungswerkzeugen angeordnet sind und die mit den Zerkleinerungsmessern der Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge 2 zusammenwirken. Auf einen bestimmten Abstand eingestellt, wird das zu zerkleinernde Gut von der Zerkleinerungswalze gegen die Gegenschneide transportiert und dort durch die Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge im Zusammenwirken mit der Gegenschneide zerkleinert. Das zerkleinerte Gut wird von einer Siebvorrichtung 4 aufgefangen, die korbartig um die Zerkleinerungswalze 1 angeordnet ist. Die Siebvorrichtung 4 umfasst dabei in etwa 60% des Umfanges der Zerkleinerungswalze 1. Auf der zur Zerkleinerungswalze 1 zugewandten Seite der Siebvorrichtung 4 (also zum Inneren der Vorrichtung hingewandt) befinden sich Öffnungen, die der Fraktionierung des zerkleinerten Gutes dienen. Diese Öffnungen sind der Einfachheit halber nicht dargestellt.The FIG. 1 shows a three-dimensional view of a first embodiment of the crushing device according to the invention. The reference numeral 1 denotes the crushing roller, which is rotatably mounted in a machine frame I. On the crushing roller 1 comminution tools 2 are arranged spirally. The comminution tools 2 are formed from a knife carrier, which is provided on the circumference of the crushing roller 1. The knife carriers themselves carry the comminution knives on their sides oriented in the cutting direction. The crushing tools 2 cooperate with a counter-blade 3, which are arranged on a portal or frame. The counter-blade 3 in this case has a multiplicity of cutting edges which are arranged corresponding to the comminuting tools and which interact with the comminuting blades of the comminution tools 2. Set to a certain distance, the material to be crushed is transported by the crushing roller against the counter-blade and crushed there by the crushing tools in cooperation with the counter-blade. The comminuted material is collected by a screening device 4, which is arranged in a basket-like manner around the comminution cylinder 1. In this case, the screening device 4 comprises approximately 60% of the circumference of the comminution cylinder 1. On the side of the screening device 4 facing the comminuting cylinder 1 (ie turned towards the interior of the device) there are openings which serve to fractionate the comminuted material. These openings are not shown for the sake of simplicity.

Entsprechend der verschiedenen Varianten, wie sie in der vorhergehenden Beschreibung beschrieben wurden, ist es möglich, diese Öffnungen austauschbar oder aber größenveränderbar auszubilden. Durch einen Doppelpfeil im oberen Teil der Figur 1 ist angedeutet, dass die Siebvorrichtung parallel zur Achse A der Zerkleinerungswalze 1 relativ bewegbar ist. Diese Bewegung ist als Pendelbewegung beziehungsweise Hin- und Herbewegung vorgesehen. Hierbei sind verschiedene Varianten erfindungsgemäß realisierbar. Beispielsweise ist es möglich, das Maschinengestell I beziehungsweise einen Teil des Maschinengestells I bewegbar auszubilden, so dass eine Relativbewegung von Maschinengestell inklusive der Siebvorrichtung mit Bezug auf die Zerkleinerungswalze entsteht. Es ist aber auch möglich, die Siebvorrichtung selbst im Maschinengestell I beweglich anzuordnen, wodurch ebenfalls eine Relativbewegung zwischen dem Maschinengestell I und Siebvorrichtung sowie zwischen Siebvorrichtung und Zerkleinerungswalze 1 entsteht. Insofern ist die Erfindung hier für verschiedene Varianten ausgebildet. Das Maschinengestell I ist in Fig. 1 nur schematisch angedeutet.According to the different variants, as described in the preceding description, it is possible to make these openings interchangeable or resizable. By a double arrow in the upper part of the FIG. 1 is indicated that the screening device is relatively movable parallel to the axis A of the crushing roller 1. This movement is provided as a pendulum motion or reciprocating motion. In this case, various variants can be realized according to the invention. For example, it is possible to make the machine frame I or a part of the machine frame I movable, so that a relative movement of the machine frame, including the screening device, with respect to the comminution cylinder is produced. But it is also possible to arrange the sieve itself movable in the machine frame I, whereby also a relative movement between the machine frame I and sieve and between sieve and crushing roller 1 is formed. In this respect, the invention is designed here for different variants. The machine frame I is in Fig. 1 only indicated schematically.

Die Darstellung gemäß der Figur 1 lässt auch erkennen, dass die Siebvorrichtung 4 von der Zerkleinerungswalze 1 wegschwenkbar ausgebildet ist. Im Weiteren ist in der Figur 1 der Abstand a angegeben, der den Abstand der einzelnen Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge 2 untereinander auf der Zerkleinerungswalze 1 bezeichnet. Für den Zerkleinerungsvorgang wird die Zerkleinerungswalze 1 in eine Drehbewegung versetzt. Diese Drehbewegung ist in der dargestellten Variante im Uhrzeigersinn vorgesehen, da die Schneiden entsprechend auf den Zerkleinerungswerkzeugen angeordnet sind. Diese Zerkleinerungswerkzeug wirken, wie bereits beschrieben, mit der Gegenschneide 3 zusammen, so dass das zu zerkleinernde Gut entsprechend zerkleinert wird. Das in richtiger Größe zerkleinerte Gut gelangt dann in die Siebvorrichtung, wenn es durch die dort vorgesehenen Öffnungen in den Körper der Siebvorrichtung gelangt. Noch nicht ausreichend zerkleinertes Material gelangt durch die Drehbewegung wieder in den Bereich zwischen Zerkleinerungswerkzeug und Gegenschneide und wird dann nochmals zerkleinert, so dass es dann ebenfalls der entsprechenden Fraktionierung entspricht und in die Siebvorrichtung gelangen kann. Vorteilhafterweise ist die Siebvorrichtung analog zur Ausbildung der Walze angeordnet, wobei eine leichte Neigung von Vorteil ist, so dass das zu zerkleinernde Gut auch gleichzeitig günstig abtransportiert werden kann. Das zerkleinerte Gut gelangt aus der Siebvorrichtung dann beispielsweise auf eine entsprechende Fördereinrichtung, die das zerkleinerte Gut abtransportiert. Dies ist für die Erfindung jedoch nicht wesentlich und deshalb nicht dargestellt.The representation according to the FIG. 1 also shows that the screening device 4 is formed by the crushing roller 1 wegschwenkbar. Furthermore, in the FIG. 1 the distance a specified, which denotes the distance between the individual crushing tools 2 with each other on the crushing roller 1. For the comminution process, the comminution cylinder 1 is set in a rotary motion. This rotational movement is provided in the illustrated variant in a clockwise direction, since the cutting edges are arranged accordingly on the crushing tools. This crushing tool act, as already described, together with the counter-blade 3, so that the material to be crushed is comminuted accordingly. The shredded good comes in the right size then into the screening device, when it passes through the openings provided there in the body of the screening device. Not yet sufficiently comminuted material passes through the rotational movement back into the area between crushing tool and counter-blade and is then crushed again, so that it also corresponds to the appropriate fractionation and can get into the screening device. Advantageously, the screening device is arranged analogously to the formation of the roller, wherein a slight inclination is advantageous, so that the material to be crushed can also be transported away at the same time low. The comminuted material then passes from the screening device, for example, to a corresponding conveyor, which removes the comminuted material. However, this is not essential to the invention and therefore not shown.

Die Figur 2 zeigt eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung, bei der zwei Zerkleinerungswalzen 1 vorgesehen sind. Beide Zerkleinerungswalzen 1 sind jeweils von Siebvorrichtungen 4 umfasst. Im Zentrum der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung befindet sich die Gegenschneide 3, mit einer Vielzahl von Schneiden, die mit den Zerkleinerungswerkzeugen 2, die nur schematisch angedeutet sind, zusammenwirken. Die Achsen der Zerkleinerungswalzen 1 sind mit A und B bezeichnet. Die Aufstellebene für die Vorrichtung ist mit dem Bezugszeichen II bezeichnet. Das Maschinengestell trägt wiederum das Bezugszeichen I. Mit dem Bezugszeichen 5 ist das Gestell für die Gegenschneide bezeichnet, das beispielsweise portalartig ausgebildet sein kann. Insbesondere ist dieses Gestell höhenverstellbar ausgebildet. Auch gemäß der Darstellung der Figur 2 ist deutlich erkennbar, dass die Siebvorrichtungen 4 von den Zerkleinerungswalzen 1 jeweils nach links und rechts wegschwenkbar ausgebildet sind. Dies erhöht die Servicefreundlichkeit und kann beispielsweise für einen Änderung der Siebe oder aber für notwendige Reinigungsarbeiten bei Zerkleinerungsgutumstellung sich äußerst günstig auswirken.The FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the solution according to the invention, in which two crushing rollers 1 are provided. Both crushing rollers 1 are each comprised of screening devices 4. In the center of the crushing device is the counter-blade 3, with a plurality of cutting edges, which cooperate with the crushing tools 2, which are indicated only schematically. The axes of the crushing rollers 1 are denoted by A and B. The installation level for the device is designated by reference II. The machine frame in turn bears the reference I. With the reference numeral 5, the frame is designated for the counter-blade, which may be formed, for example portal-like. In particular, this frame is designed to be height adjustable. Also according to the representation of FIG. 2 is clearly visible that the screening devices 4 are formed by the crushing rollers 1 each pivoting away to the left and right. This increases the ease of servicing and can, for example, have a very favorable effect on a change of the screens or else for necessary cleaning work in the case of comminution material changeover.

Claims (10)

  1. Comminution device consisting of at least one comminution cylinder (1) supported rotatably on bearings in a machine frame (I), with at least one comminution tool (2) arranged on it, and with at least one counter blade (3) interacting with the comminution tool, and with at least one screening device (4) for the comminuted material the housing of which encircles the comminution cylinder at least partly, wherein the screening device (4) is arranged movably relatively to the machine frame (I) and/or the comminution cylinder (1), characterized in that the relative movement for the screening device (4) is provided parallel to the axis (A, B) of the comminution cylinder (1).
  2. Comminution device according to claim 1, characterized in that the screening device (4) has openings serving for fractionating the comminuted material and arranged facing the collecting side.
  3. Comminution device according to one or both of the preceding claims, characterized in that the screening device (4) is configured basket-like, and/or the screening device (4) is arranged such that it can swivel towards or away from the comminution cylinder (1), and/or the openings of the screening device (4) can be changed or exchanged with respect to their opening width or size.
  4. Comminution device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device has two comminution cylinders (1) with in particular opposite rotational directions, and/or the counter blades (3) have cutting edges on both sides interacting each time with the comminution tools (2) of the comminution cylinder (1) facing the cutting edge, and/or the counter blade (3) is height-adjustable.
  5. Comminution device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that for each comminution cylinder (1) a screening device (4) is provided, and/or one drive each is provided for comminution cylinder (1) and screening device (4), preferably for all comminution cylinders and screening devices, and/or the comminution cylinder (1) has an electric drive.
  6. Comminution device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the screening device (4) has a hydraulic drive, and/or the length or the measurement of the relative movement of the screening device (4) can change and corresponds at least with the distance (a) by which the comminution tools (2) are arranged on the comminution cylinder (1).
  7. Comminution device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the position of the comminution cylinders (1) in the device is orientated essentially horizontally.
  8. Comminution device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the screening device (4) embraces the comminution cylinder (1) in the area at the bottom seen in installation direction.
  9. Comminution device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the screening device (4) embraces the comminution cylinder by about 45 to 60 per cent seen in section.
  10. Comminution device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bottom end of the screening device (4) and the top section form an angle of 40 to 60 degrees with reference to the installation plane (II) of the device.
EP06753721.7A 2005-05-19 2006-05-18 Shredding device Active EP1899072B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE202005008077U DE202005008077U1 (en) 2005-05-19 2005-05-19 comminution device
PCT/EP2006/004739 WO2006122814A1 (en) 2005-05-19 2006-05-18 Shredding device

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EP1899072B1 true EP1899072B1 (en) 2013-07-10

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CA2582776C (en) 2010-06-15
US20090065619A1 (en) 2009-03-12
DE202005008077U1 (en) 2006-10-05
EP1899072A1 (en) 2008-03-19
US7832667B2 (en) 2010-11-16
WO2006122814A1 (en) 2006-11-23
CA2582776A1 (en) 2006-11-23

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