EP2218507B1 - Device for grinding dispensed products with stripping elements - Google Patents

Device for grinding dispensed products with stripping elements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2218507B1
EP2218507B1 EP10001077.6A EP10001077A EP2218507B1 EP 2218507 B1 EP2218507 B1 EP 2218507B1 EP 10001077 A EP10001077 A EP 10001077A EP 2218507 B1 EP2218507 B1 EP 2218507B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
scraping
tools
stripping
elements
Prior art date
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EP10001077.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2218507A2 (en
EP2218507A3 (en
EP2218507B8 (en
Inventor
Hartmut Pallmann
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Pallmann Maschinenfabrik GmbH and Co KG
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Pallmann Maschinenfabrik GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP2218507A3 publication Critical patent/EP2218507A3/en
Publication of EP2218507B1 publication Critical patent/EP2218507B1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/146Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with a rotor comprising a plurality of axially contiguous disc-like segments each having at least one radially extending cutting element
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16Details
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for comminuting pourable feed material by means of cutting or shearing according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the comminution of feed material is a central component of mechanical process engineering, in which a starting material is divided into smaller components by a separation process.
  • the feedstock is changed in terms of its subsequent use in its size, shape or composition.
  • An example is the treatment of waste materials, in which a reduction in the size of the starting material is a prerequisite for processing in subsequent processing stations, or in which a simultaneous separation into various fractions contained in the feedstock occurs in the course of comminution.
  • the invention relates to the field of shredding technology, in which the crushing work is done mainly by cutting and shearing, so the effective edges of two tools are performed while maintaining a small gap to each other over.
  • the feed material must therefore be capable of being cut, which precludes its use for the comminution of mineral materials.
  • Suitable tools are, for example, rotor disks seated on a rotor whose cutting edges run along the circumference of the disk and which cooperate with immediately adjacent rotor disks. It has been found that parts of the feedstock wedge in the spaces formed by the rotor disks or wrap in the case of fibrous or wire-shaped feed material to the drive shaft. These parts therefore not only remain un-shredded, but disturb the smooth comminution operation of the rest of the feed very considerably. The rotor must therefore be freed from these parts at regular intervals in laborious and time-consuming manual work. In addition to the associated personnel expenses are also conditioned machine downtime to accept, which affects the overall cost of such devices.
  • the cutting unit comprises two counter-rotating rotors arranged thereon with combing cutting discs.
  • two cutting discs are mounted on the lateral housing wall in a radial plane extending stripping elements, the projecting ends have a concave, the shaft circumference following edge.
  • the stripping elements have the function of releasing feed material located in the intermediate space radially out of the rotor.
  • the stripping To be able to initiate these forces as safely as possible in the housing walls, the stripping have an approximately triangular shape, the base of the triangle is used for attachment to the side wall. In order nevertheless to obtain a blunt connection angle to the drive shaft in such a design of the stripping elements in order to achieve a lift-off effect on the feedstock to be dissolved, it is necessary that the stripping elements engage around the shaft relatively far. Known stripping elements are therefore dimensioned correspondingly large.
  • the cutting unit is also formed by two axially parallel counter-rotating rotors.
  • First counter blades are arranged along the housing wall and firmly connected thereto; second counter knife sit on a traverse in the middle below the cutting unit in the radial overlap region of the two rotors.
  • the counter knife scraper elements are integrated, the free ends are radially in the Extend space between two cutting discs and interact there with rotating knives on the cutting discs.
  • the counterknives with the cutting mechanism at the level of the rotors also form a continuous barrier here, which prevents reversing operation so that feed material causing disturbances can not be separated out of the apparatus on its own.
  • the traverse in the area of the material passage between the two rotors an increased flow resistance, which impedes the flow of material through the device.
  • the object of the invention is to develop generic devices while avoiding the above disadvantages.
  • the basic idea of the invention consists in the arrangement of the stripping elements in the flow direction immediately after the rotor, ie in the flow shadow of the rotor. In the normal operation of a rotor according to the invention, this leads to the fact that the stripping elements do not form a flow resistance within the device and therefore a material flow that is as far as possible free of obstruction is established.
  • the arrangement according to the invention of the stripping elements enables an automatic separation of the feedstock which causes the disturbance from the device.
  • the operation of a device according to the invention can be performed in comparison with known devices with less maintenance. The standstill-related downtime is minimized and thus the overall efficiency of inventive devices increased.
  • Another advantage results from the storage of the stripping elements on a bearing bar fixed to the machine base frame. Due to the direct introduction of the forces coming from the stripping elements in the machine base frame, it is possible to construct the axially parallel housing walls easier. In addition to the associated savings in material, this opens up the possibility of forming one or both longitudinal walls as swing doors, which ensures quick, easy and very good accessibility to the cutting unit and maintenance and repair work can be carried out quickly and easily.
  • the direct storage of the stripping also reduces deformation under load, so that the cutting gap geometry is maintained in the crushing operation.
  • stripping elements according to the invention have a plate-like shape with an approximately trapezoidal outline.
  • the larger base of the trapezoid is assigned to the rotor, while the opposite smaller side of the attachment to the bearing bar is used.
  • a geometry results, which provides a relatively large angle ⁇ between the stripping element and the rotor, which is preferably greater than 140 °.
  • a pronounced Abhebe Koch is exerted on the feed material, so that arrived between the rotor discs feed material is reliably conveyed radially outward.
  • the extension length of the stripping element in the circumferential direction of the rotor is minimized.
  • the stripping elements can therefore be made smaller with the advantage of better handling and less expensive production.
  • the stripping elements are made in several parts with a disk-shaped base body, which is provided only at its effective edges with stripping tools.
  • This embodiment allows the base body to be made of a less hard material while the wiper tools are made of wear-resistant material. By reducing the proportion of high-quality material to the wear-prone wiper tools tool life can be increased without simultaneously driving up the production costs. In addition, it is possible to renew with advanced wear only the wiper tools, which further increases the efficiency of a device according to the invention.
  • the stripping elements can also be monolithic, that is to say made in one piece, in which case advantageously a wear-resistant material is used.
  • the stripping tools form an axial projection over the sides of the main body, that is to say the width of the stripping tools is greater than the thickness of the main body.
  • such an embodiment has the additional advantage that material that passes radially behind the scraper, can be derived in the gap between the rotor disc and the base body after.
  • the stripping over its entire side surface have a substantially uniform thickness, that is, the base body and stripping tool have the same dimensions in the axial direction.
  • an embodiment of the invention in which between the rotor and the adjacent housing wall, a clear distance is observed, so that feed material can be eliminated in the reversing operation in the free space formed thereby from the crushing space by in case of failure in a simple manner by Switching the direction of rotation of the rotor eliminates the fault.
  • the optional arrangement of a partition wall below the rotor ensures that the feed material routed through the free space out of the device during reversing operation does not mix with the already sufficiently comminuted material flow.
  • the Fig. 1 and 2 give an overview of the device according to the invention.
  • a frame-like substructure 1 composed of steel profiles, on which a rectangular housing 2 rests.
  • the housing 2 is formed by two opposite longitudinal walls 3 and the longitudinal walls 3 connecting transverse walls 4, which together enclose a crushing chamber 5.
  • the lockable transverse walls 4 are each divided into two and have an upper wall portion 6 and a lower wall portion 7, which are individually or together about a vertical pivot axis 8 for opening the housing 2 pivotable.
  • a material inlet 9 which is inclined in the illustrations left inlet wall for easier loading of the crushing chamber 5 with feed material and equipped with a chute 10, the inclination angle relative to the vertical is adjustable.
  • a slightly funnel-shaped material outlet 11 Down to the crushing chamber 5 is followed by a slightly funnel-shaped material outlet 11, through which the sufficiently comminuted material leaves the device according to the invention for further processing in other stations.
  • the longitudinal walls 3 have approximately at half height, respectively opposite a first pivot bearing 12 and a second pivot bearing 13, which are intended to a first rotor 14 along the axis of rotation 15 and a second rotor 16 along the Rotary axis 17 to receive rotatable.
  • the rotors 14 and 16 are aligned horizontally and parallel to the transverse walls 4, thus extending axially parallel to each other.
  • Fig. 1 and 2 shows a partial section along the rotor axis 15, 17.
  • Each rotor 14, 16 includes a drive shaft 18 which extends through openings in the longitudinal walls 3 to the pivot bearings 12 and 13, respectively.
  • On its extending within the crushing chamber 5 longitudinal section sitting non-rotatably a plurality of circular rotor disks 19, here in each case 12 pieces whose circumference is equipped with shoe-shaped crushing tools 21.
  • Coaxial spacers 20 are joined to form spaces between the rotor disks 19 and thus provide an axial spacing of the rotor disks 19 with each other.
  • the rotor disks 19 are in the adjoining the spacers 20 radially outwardly annular disk-shaped area with wear plates 22 occupied ( Fig. 3 ).
  • Both drive shafts 18 form with one of their ends on opposite sides of the housing a projection, which is in each case force-coupled with a drive 24, which causes the opposite rotation of the rotors 14 and 16.
  • the relative arrangement of the rotors 14 and 16 to each other is such that by providing an axial offset and radial overlap in the peripheral region, the rotor disks 19 of the first rotor 14 mesh with the rotor disks 19 of the rotor 16. In this way, in the course of the opposite rotation of the rotors 14 and 16 axially opposite edges of the crushing tools 21 cutting or shear gaps, where the crushing work takes place.
  • the axial width of the gap amounts to a maximum of one millimeter, preferably a maximum of 0.5 millimeters.
  • a stripping device 25 which clears there existing feed material radially outwards and in this way feeds it again to the comminution.
  • the closer construction of the stripping device 25 is mainly in the Fig. 1 . 3 and 4 and comprises a bearing bar 26, which extends axially parallel to the axes 15 and 17 respectively below each rotor 14 and 16. Based on the flow of material in the comminution chamber 5, the bearing bar 26 is thus arranged in the flow shadow of the rotors 14 and 16.
  • the bearing bar 26 spans over the entire width of the crushing space 5 and is accurately fixed to the longitudinal walls 3 via horizontally and / or vertically acting centering.
  • the centering means may be formed, for example, by brackets, grooved strips, or, as in the present example, by mating holes with cooperating dowel pins 27. Screws 43 provide a firm connection ( Fig. 3 ).
  • the bearing bar 26 On its side facing the rotor 14 or 16, the bearing bar 26 has a bearing surface 28 for receiving plate-shaped stripping elements 29, which extend in the radial direction into the interspaces between the rotor disks 19.
  • the plate-shaped stripping elements 29 have an approximately trapezoidal outline ( Fig. 1 and 4 ), wherein the longer base of the trapezoid is concave.
  • the curvature of the base is as strong as or stronger than the circumferential curvature of the spacers 20, so that it is ensured that the tapered Räumkanten of the stripping 29 closely connect to the outer periphery of the spacers 20 and can reliably perform their Räumfunktion.
  • the opposite shorter side of the trapezoidal stripping element 29 serves for rigid and precise fitting attachment of the stripping element 29 to the bearing surface 28 of the bearing bar 26. Again, serve centering, such as stop surfaces in grooves engaging strips, or as in the present case mating holes with dowel pins 30 for the perfect fit and therefore precise connection. A bracing of the stripping elements 29 with the bearing bar 26 via the screws 31st
  • the precise relative arrangement to the rotor 14 and 16 allows that the plane-parallel to the rotor disks 19 aligned stripping 29 radially and while maintaining a lateral gap in the interstices between the rotor disks 19th extend into it and end while maintaining a radial gap on the lateral surface of the spacers 20.
  • the lateral or axial gap width contributes in the described embodiment a maximum of one millimeter, preferably 0.5 millimeters, the radial gap width at the narrowest point one millimeter or less.
  • the stripping elements 29 thus fill the space between the rotor disks 19 approximately accurately.
  • the stripping elements 29 are designed in several parts and have a trapezoidal base body 32 whose oblique sides are covered with wear-resistant strip-shaped stripping tools 33 ( FIG. 4 ).
  • the width of the stripping tools 33 corresponds to the thickness of the base body 32, so that each stripping element 29 has a uniform thickness everywhere.
  • Slotted screws 34 ensure the snug fit of the stripping tools 33 on the base body 32nd
  • the stripping elements 29 can also be produced monolithically from a wear-resistant material.
  • the base body has a smaller thickness than the stripping tools. In this way, a two-sided projection of the stripping tools on the Grundköper, so that the main body to the adjacent rotor discs maintains a greater distance than the stripping tools.
  • a separating wall 46 is arranged in the direction of flow after the stripping devices 25, which divides the material outlet 11 into a middle channel for the material flow 42 and two lateral channels for the material flows 44.
  • the crop flows 44 occur when the rotors are reversed, with disturbing feed material or foreign bodies being discharged from the device.
  • Fig. 1 and 3 show a symmetrical structure of the stripping elements 29 with respect to their vertical center plane, which ensures that the stripping elements 29 are able to perform their function optimally in Reversier Anlagen can. Irrespective of this, embodiments are also within the scope of the invention whose stripping elements are designed asymmetrically or have only an effective reaming edge.
  • FIG. 5 Another embodiment of the invention with only one rotor 14 'is shown in FIG FIG. 5 shown.
  • the substructure 1 ', the housing 2', the material inlet 9 'and the material outlet 11' have a basically the same structure as that under the Fig. 1 to 4 described embodiment.
  • the second rotor of the cutting mechanism is missing, with which the comminuting tools of the rotor 14 'could cooperate, on the inside of the transverse wall 4', a comb-like stator 38 is arranged, whose teeth in the Intermediate spaces between the rotor disks 19 'engage. The comminuting work is thus performed by the rotor disks 19 'and the stator tools 38.
  • the stripping device 25 corresponds to that already under the Fig. 1 to 4 described, so that is referred to what is said there.
  • a subdivision of the material outlet 11 'by means of a partition wall 46' is provided, which prevents in the reversing insufficiently comminuted feed material 44 or foreign matter with the material flow 42 mix.
  • peripheral functional components which in a corresponding manner also in the embodiment according to the Fig. 1 to 4 can be used.
  • the functional components essentially comprise a sieve 39, which ensures that only sufficiently comminuted feed material is supplied to the further production processes. Not yet sufficiently comminuted feed material is fed via a material return 40 again the material inlet 9 'and thus subjected to further comminution.
  • large-sized, cutting-capable feed material for example used tires
  • feed material is fed via the material inlet 9, 9 'to the comminuting space 5, 5'.
  • the rotary comminution tools 21, 21 ' grasp the feed material, pull it in the course of their rotation and cut it with their effective edges.
  • the comminuted feed material is then discharged from the device via the material outlet 11, 11 '.
  • the material flow is illustrated by the arrows 41, 42 and 42 '.
  • the stripping means 25, 25 ' is provided, which engages with their on the shaft or spacers 20, 20' adjacent edges of the stripping elements 29 under the material collections and this lifts radially outwards. If necessary, the lateral edges of the Stripping elements 29 in conjunction with the crushing tools 21, 21 'of the rotor disks 19, 19' perform additional crushing work. Since the stripping devices 25, 25 'are located in the throughflow direction of the comminution chamber 5, 5' directly behind the rotors 14, 14 'and 16, ie lie in their flow shadows, the sufficiently comminuted feed material can pass unimpeded to the material outlet 11, 11'.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von schüttfähigem Aufgabegut im Wege des Schneidens oder Scherschneidens gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a device for comminuting pourable feed material by means of cutting or shearing according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Die Zerkleinerung von Aufgabegut ist ein zentraler Bestandteil der mechanischen Verfahrenstechnik, bei dem ein Ausgangsstoff durch einen Trennvorgang in kleinere Bestandteile zerteilt wird. Dabei wird das Aufgabegut im Hinblick auf dessen spätere Verwendung in seiner Größe, Form oder Zusammensetzung verändert. Als Beispiel sei die Aufbereitung von Abfallstoffen genannt, bei denen eine Größenreduzierung des Ausgangsstoffes Voraussetzung für die Bearbeitung in nachfolgenden Bearbeitungsstationen ist, oder bei denen im Zuge der Zerkleinerung gleichzeitig eine Auftrennung in verschiedene im Aufgabegut enthaltene Fraktionen erfolgt.The comminution of feed material is a central component of mechanical process engineering, in which a starting material is divided into smaller components by a separation process. In this case, the feedstock is changed in terms of its subsequent use in its size, shape or composition. An example is the treatment of waste materials, in which a reduction in the size of the starting material is a prerequisite for processing in subsequent processing stations, or in which a simultaneous separation into various fractions contained in the feedstock occurs in the course of comminution.

Die Erfindung betrifft das Gebiet der Zerkleinerungstechnik, bei dem die Zerkleinerungsarbeit vor allem durch Schneiden und Scherschneiden geleistet wird, also die wirksamen Kanten zweier Werkzeuge unter Einhaltung eines geringen Spalts aneinander vorbei geführt werden. Das Aufgabegut muss also schneidfähig sein, was den Einsatz für die Zerkleinerung mineralischer Materialien ausschließt. Geeignete Werkzeuge sind beispielsweise auf einem Rotor sitzende Rotorscheiben, deren Schneidkanten entlang des Scheibenumfangs laufen und die mit unmittelbar benachbarten Rotorscheiben zusammenwirken. Dabei hat sich gezeigt, dass sich Teile des Aufgabeguts in den von den Rotorscheiben gebildeten Zwischenräumen verkeilen oder im Falle fasrigen oder drahtförmigen Aufgabeguts um die Antriebswelle wickeln. Diese Teile bleiben daher nicht nur unzerkleinert, sondern stören den reibungslosen Zerkleinerungsbetrieb des übrigen Aufgabeguts ganz erheblich. Der Rotor muss daher in regelmäßigen Intervallen in mühevoller und zeitraubender Handarbeit von diesen Teilen befreit werden. Neben dem damit verbundenen Personalaufwand sind auch dadurch bedingte Maschinenstillstandszeiten in Kauf zu nehmen, was die Wirtschaftlichkeit derartiger Vorrichtungen insgesamt beeinträchtigt.The invention relates to the field of shredding technology, in which the crushing work is done mainly by cutting and shearing, so the effective edges of two tools are performed while maintaining a small gap to each other over. The feed material must therefore be capable of being cut, which precludes its use for the comminution of mineral materials. Suitable tools are, for example, rotor disks seated on a rotor whose cutting edges run along the circumference of the disk and which cooperate with immediately adjacent rotor disks. It has been found that parts of the feedstock wedge in the spaces formed by the rotor disks or wrap in the case of fibrous or wire-shaped feed material to the drive shaft. These parts therefore not only remain un-shredded, but disturb the smooth comminution operation of the rest of the feed very considerably. The rotor must therefore be freed from these parts at regular intervals in laborious and time-consuming manual work. In addition to the associated personnel expenses are also conditioned machine downtime to accept, which affects the overall cost of such devices.

Um Abhilfe zu schaffen, sind aus der EP 0 760 257 A1 und US 5,921,482 bereits eine gattungsgemäße Vorrichtungen bekannt, deren Schneidwerk zwei gegenläufig drehende Rotoren mit darauf angeordneten kämmenden Schneidscheiben umfasst. Im Bereich des axialen Abstandes zweier Schneidscheiben sind an der seitlichen Gehäusewandung in einer Radialebene verlaufende Abstreifelemente befestigt, deren auskragende Enden einen konkav ausgebildeten, dem Wellenumfang folgenden Rand aufweisen. Die Abstreifelemente haben dabei die Funktion, im Zwischenraum befindliches Aufgabegut radial aus dem Rotor herauszulösen.To remedy this, are from the EP 0 760 257 A1 and US 5,921,482 already known a generic devices, the cutting unit comprises two counter-rotating rotors arranged thereon with combing cutting discs. In the range of the axial distance two cutting discs are mounted on the lateral housing wall in a radial plane extending stripping elements, the projecting ends have a concave, the shaft circumference following edge. The stripping elements have the function of releasing feed material located in the intermediate space radially out of the rotor.

Der Nachteil solcher Vorrichtungen ist zunächst durch die Maschinenkonstruktion bedingt. Durch die Befestigung der Abstreifelemente an den Seitenwänden des Gehäuses werden die auf die Abstreifelemente wirkenden Kräfte direkt in das Gehäuse eingetragen. Die Seitenwände müssen daher entsprechend verstärkt sein, was im Regelfall durch aufwendig verrippte Wandkonstruktionen geschieht.The disadvantage of such devices is initially due to the machine design. By attaching the scraper on the side walls of the housing acting on the stripping elements forces are entered directly into the housing. The side walls must therefore be reinforced accordingly, which usually happens by consuming ribbed wall constructions.

Um diese Kräfte möglichst sicher in die Gehäusewände einleiten zu könnten, besitzen die Abstreifelemente eine etwa dreieckförmige Gestalt, wobei die Basis des Dreiecks zur Befestigung an der Seitenwand dient. Um bei einer solchen Ausbildung der Abstreifelemente dennoch einen stumpfen Anschlusswinkel an die Antriebswelle zu erhalten, um bei dem zu lösenden Aufgabegut einen Abhebeeffekt zu erzielen, ist es notwendig, dass die Abstreifelemente die Welle verhältnismäßig weit umgreifen. Bekannte Abstreifelemente sind daher entsprechend groß dimensioniert.To be able to initiate these forces as safely as possible in the housing walls, the stripping have an approximately triangular shape, the base of the triangle is used for attachment to the side wall. In order nevertheless to obtain a blunt connection angle to the drive shaft in such a design of the stripping elements in order to achieve a lift-off effect on the feedstock to be dissolved, it is necessary that the stripping elements engage around the shaft relatively far. Known stripping elements are therefore dimensioned correspondingly large.

Zudem führt die seitliche Befestigung der Abstreifelemente zusammen mit der radialen Überlappung der beiden Rotoren im mittleren Bereich der Vorrichtung zu einer auf Höhe der Rotoren verlaufenden Barriere für das Aufgabegut, die einen ungehinderten Materialfluss seitlich zwischen Rotor und Gehäuse unterbindet. Dies ist vor allem im Reversierbetrieb von Nachteil, da Störungen verursachendes Aufgabegut nicht selbsttätig aus der Vorrichtung entfernt werden kann und daher einen Betriebsstillstand verursacht.In addition, the lateral attachment of the stripping together with the radial overlap of the two rotors in the central region of the device to a run at the height of the rotors barrier for the feed, which prevents unimpeded flow of material laterally between the rotor and the housing. This is disadvantageous, above all, in reversing operation, since it is not possible to automatically remove interfering material from the device and therefore cause an operational standstill.

Aus der DE 10 2005 026 816 A1 ist eine gattungsgemäße Vorrichtung bekannt, deren Schneidwerk ebenfalls von zwei achsparallelen gegenläufig drehenden Rotoren gebildet ist. Auf den Rotoren sitzen in axialem Abstand und entlang des Umfangs mit Messern bestückte Schneidscheiben, die im Zusammenwirken mit Gegenmessern die Zerkleinerungsarbeit leisten. Erste Gegenmesser sind entlang der Gehäusewandung angeordnet und fest mit dieser verbunden; zweite Gegenmesser sitzen auf einer Traverse mittig unterhalb des Schneidwerks im radialen Überlappungsbereich der beiden Rotoren. In die Gegenmesser sind Abstreifelemente integriert, deren freie Enden sich radial in den Zwischenraum zweier Schneidscheiben erstrecken und dort mit rotierenden Messern an den Schneidscheiben zusammenwirken.From the DE 10 2005 026 816 A1 a generic device is known, the cutting unit is also formed by two axially parallel counter-rotating rotors. On the rotors sitting at axial distance and along the circumference equipped with knives cutting discs, which perform the crushing work in cooperation with counter knives. First counter blades are arranged along the housing wall and firmly connected thereto; second counter knife sit on a traverse in the middle below the cutting unit in the radial overlap region of the two rotors. In the counter knife scraper elements are integrated, the free ends are radially in the Extend space between two cutting discs and interact there with rotating knives on the cutting discs.

Wie bei der eingangs erwähnten Vorveröffentlichung ergibt sich auch hier ein Nachteil aus der Befestigung der Gegenmesser an den Gehäusewänden. Dadurch werden große Kräfte in die seitlichen Gehäuseteile eingeleitet, die wiederum eine stabile und aufwändige Ausführung der Gehäusewände erforderlich machen.As with the above-mentioned prior publication also results in a disadvantage from the attachment of the counter blade on the housing walls. As a result, large forces are introduced into the lateral housing parts, which in turn make a stable and complex design of the housing walls required.

Hinzu kommt, dass die Gegenmesser mit dem Schneidwerk auf Höhe der Rotoren auch hier eine durchgehende Barriere bilden, die im Reversierbetrieb verhindert, dass Störungen verursachendes Aufgabegut nicht selbständig aus der Vorrichtung ausgeschieden werden kann. Zudem stellt die Traverse im Bereich des Materialdurchgangs zwischen den beiden Rotoren einen erhöhten Strömungswiderstand dar, der den Materialfluss durch die Vorrichtung behindert.In addition, the counterknives with the cutting mechanism at the level of the rotors also form a continuous barrier here, which prevents reversing operation so that feed material causing disturbances can not be separated out of the apparatus on its own. In addition, the traverse in the area of the material passage between the two rotors an increased flow resistance, which impedes the flow of material through the device.

Vor diesem Hintergrund besteht die Aufgabe der Erfindung darin, gattungsgemäße Vorrichtungen unter Vermeidung vorstehender Nachteile weiterzubilden.Against this background, the object of the invention is to develop generic devices while avoiding the above disadvantages.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by a device having the features of patent claim 1.

Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Advantageous embodiments will be apparent from the dependent claims.

Der Grundgedanke der Erfindung besteht in der Anordnung der Abstreifelemente in Durchströmungsrichtung unmittelbar nach dem Rotor, also im Strömungsschatten des Rotors. Dies führt im Normalbetrieb eines erfindungsgemäßen Rotors dazu, dass die Abstreifelemente keinen Strömungswiderstand innerhalb der Vorrichtung bilden und sich daher ein weitestgehend behinderungsfreier Materialfluss einstellt. Im Reversierbetrieb ermöglicht die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung der Abstreifelemente ein selbsttätiges Ausscheiden des für die Störung ursächlichen Aufgabeguts aus der Vorrichtung. Dadurch kann der Betrieb einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung im Vergleich zu bekannten Vorrichtungen mit geringerem Wartungsaufwand ausgeführt werden. Die stillstandsbedingten Ausfallzeiten werden minimiert und damit die Wirtschaftlichkeit erfindungsgemäßer Vorrichtungen insgesamt gesteigert.The basic idea of the invention consists in the arrangement of the stripping elements in the flow direction immediately after the rotor, ie in the flow shadow of the rotor. In the normal operation of a rotor according to the invention, this leads to the fact that the stripping elements do not form a flow resistance within the device and therefore a material flow that is as far as possible free of obstruction is established. In reversing operation, the arrangement according to the invention of the stripping elements enables an automatic separation of the feedstock which causes the disturbance from the device. As a result, the operation of a device according to the invention can be performed in comparison with known devices with less maintenance. The standstill-related downtime is minimized and thus the overall efficiency of inventive devices increased.

Ein weiterer Vorteil ergibt sich aus der Lagerung der Abstreifelemente an einem am Maschinengrundrahmen befestigten Lagerbalken. Durch die direkte Einleitung der von den Abstreifelementen kommenden Kräfte in den Maschinengrundrahmen ist es möglich, die achsparallelen Gehäusewände leichter zu konstruieren. Neben der damit verbundenen Materialersparnis eröffnet dies die Möglichkeit ein oder beide Längswände als Schwenktüren auszubilden, womit eine schnelle, einfache und sehr gute Zugänglichkeit zum Schneidwerk gewährleistet ist und Wartungs- und Reparaturarbeiten schnell und einfach durchgeführt werden können. Die direkte Lagerung der Abstreifelemente verringert zudem Verformungen unter Last, so dass im Zerkleinerungsbetrieb die Schneidspaltgeometrie erhalten bleibt.Another advantage results from the storage of the stripping elements on a bearing bar fixed to the machine base frame. Due to the direct introduction of the forces coming from the stripping elements in the machine base frame, it is possible to construct the axially parallel housing walls easier. In addition to the associated savings in material, this opens up the possibility of forming one or both longitudinal walls as swing doors, which ensures quick, easy and very good accessibility to the cutting unit and maintenance and repair work can be carried out quickly and easily. The direct storage of the stripping also reduces deformation under load, so that the cutting gap geometry is maintained in the crushing operation.

Im Gegensatz zum Stand der Technik besitzen erfindungsgemäße Abstreifelemente plattenförmige Gestalt mit einem in etwa trapezförmigen Umriss. Dabei ist die größere Basis des Trapez dem Rotor zugeordnet, während die gegenüberliegende kleinere Seite der Befestigung an dem Lagerbalken dient. Auf diese Weise ergibt sich eine Geometrie, die zwischen dem Abstreifelement und dem Rotor einen verhältnismäßig großen Winkel α vorsieht, der vorzugsweise größer als 140° ist. Mit einer solchen Geometrie wird eine ausgeprägte Abhebewirkung auf das Aufgabegut ausgeübt, so dass zwischen die Rotorscheiben gelangtes Aufgabegut zuverlässig radial nach außen gefördert wird. Gleichzeitig wird mit dieser Geometrie die Erstreckungslänge des Abstreifelements in Umfangsrichtung des Rotors minimiert. Die Abstreifelemente können daher kleiner ausgebildet sein mit dem Vorteil einer besseren Handhabung und kostengünstigeren Herstellung.In contrast to the prior art stripping elements according to the invention have a plate-like shape with an approximately trapezoidal outline. The larger base of the trapezoid is assigned to the rotor, while the opposite smaller side of the attachment to the bearing bar is used. In this way, a geometry results, which provides a relatively large angle α between the stripping element and the rotor, which is preferably greater than 140 °. With such a geometry, a pronounced Abhebewirkung is exerted on the feed material, so that arrived between the rotor discs feed material is reliably conveyed radially outward. At the same time, with this geometry, the extension length of the stripping element in the circumferential direction of the rotor is minimized. The stripping elements can therefore be made smaller with the advantage of better handling and less expensive production.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind die Abstreifelemente mehrteilig ausgebildet mit einem scheibenförmigen Grundkörper, der lediglich an seinen wirksamen Rändern mit Abstreifwerkzeugen versehen ist. Diese Ausführungsform erlaubt den Grundkörper aus einem weniger harten Material herzustellen, während die Abstreifwerkzeuge aus verschleißfestem Material bestehen. Durch die Reduktion des Anteils an hochwertigem Material auf die verschleißträchtigen Abstreifwerkzeuge können die Werkzeugstandzeiten erhöht werden ohne gleichzeitig die Herstellkosten in die Höhe zu treiben. Zudem ist es möglich, bei fortgeschrittenem Verschleiß lediglich die Abstreifwerkzeuge zu erneuern, was die Wirtschaftlichkeit einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung weiter steigert.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the stripping elements are made in several parts with a disk-shaped base body, which is provided only at its effective edges with stripping tools. This embodiment allows the base body to be made of a less hard material while the wiper tools are made of wear-resistant material. By reducing the proportion of high-quality material to the wear-prone wiper tools tool life can be increased without simultaneously driving up the production costs. In addition, it is possible to renew with advanced wear only the wiper tools, which further increases the efficiency of a device according to the invention.

Unabhängig davon können die Abstreifelemente auch monolithisch, also aus einem Stück, hergestellt sein, wobei in diesem Fall vorteilhafterweise ein verschleißfestes Material zur Verwendung kommt.Irrespective of this, the stripping elements can also be monolithic, that is to say made in one piece, in which case advantageously a wear-resistant material is used.

Bei einer möglichen Weiterentwicklung dieser beiden Ausführungsformen bilden die Abstreifwerkzeuge einen axialen Überstand über die Seiten des Grundkörpers, das heißt die Breite der Abstreifwerkzeuge ist größer als die Dicke des Grundkörpers. Neben einer Minimierung des Materialverbrauchs und des Gewichts hat eine solche Ausführungsform den zusätzlichen Vorteil, dass Material, das radial hinter die Abstreifwerkzeuge gelangt, in dem Spalt zwischen Rotorscheibe und Grundkörper nach untern abgeleitet werden kann.In a possible further development of these two embodiments, the stripping tools form an axial projection over the sides of the main body, that is to say the width of the stripping tools is greater than the thickness of the main body. In addition to minimizing the material consumption and the weight, such an embodiment has the additional advantage that material that passes radially behind the scraper, can be derived in the gap between the rotor disc and the base body after.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung liegen jedoch auch Ausführungsformen, bei denen die Abstreifelemente über ihre gesamte Seitenfläche eine im wesentlichen einheitliche Dicke aufweisen, das heißt Grundkörper und Abstreifwerkzeug besitzen in axialer Richtung gleiche Abmessungen.In the context of the invention, however, are embodiments in which the stripping over its entire side surface have a substantially uniform thickness, that is, the base body and stripping tool have the same dimensions in the axial direction.

Durch den Einsatz von Zentriermitteln in den Stoßfugen der einzelnen Komponenten der Abstreifeinrichtung wird eine äußerst hohe Fertigungsgenauigkeit erreicht, so dass selbst bei Rotoren mit zehn und mehr Rotorscheiben, die Abstreifelemente präzise zwischen den Rotorscheiben positioniert sind. Damit wird die Einhaltung der vorbestimmten Schneidspaltgeometrie gewährleistet und dadurch übermäßigem Verschleiß oder einer Beeinträchtigung der Zerkleinerungsarbeit vorgebeugt.Through the use of centering in the butt joints of the individual components of the stripping a very high manufacturing accuracy is achieved, so that even with rotors with ten or more rotor discs, the stripping elements are positioned precisely between the rotor discs. This ensures compliance with the predetermined cutting gap geometry and thereby prevents excessive wear or impairment of the crushing work.

Als vorteilhaft erweist sich zudem eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung, bei der zwischen dem Rotor und der benachbarten Gehäusewand ein lichter Abstand eingehalten ist, so dass Aufgabegut im Reversierbetrieb in dem dadurch gebildeten freien Raum aus dem Zerkleinerungsraum ausgeschieden werden kann, indem im Störfall auf einfache Weise durch Umschalten der Drehrichtung des Rotors die Störung beseitigt wird. Durch die optionale Anordnung einer Trennwand unterhalb des Rotors wird sichergestellt, dass sich das im Reversierbetrieb durch den freien Raum aus der Vorrichtung geleitete Aufgabegut nicht mit dem bereits ausreichend zerkleinerten Gutstrom vermischt.In addition, an embodiment of the invention, in which between the rotor and the adjacent housing wall, a clear distance is observed, so that feed material can be eliminated in the reversing operation in the free space formed thereby from the crushing space by in case of failure in a simple manner by Switching the direction of rotation of the rotor eliminates the fault. The optional arrangement of a partition wall below the rotor ensures that the feed material routed through the free space out of the device during reversing operation does not mix with the already sufficiently comminuted material flow.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand der in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigt

Fig. 1
einen Querschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung entlang der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Linie I-I,
Fig. 2
einen Horizontalschnitt durch die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Vorrichtung entlang der dortigen Linie II-II,
Fig. 3
einen Teilschnitt in Längsrichtung des Rotors mit zugehöriger Abstreifeinrichtung,
Fig. 4
einen Querschnitt durch den in Fig. 3 gezeigten Bereich entlang der dortigen Linie IV-IV, und
Fig. 5
einen Querschnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung mit nur einem Rotor.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings. It shows
Fig. 1
a cross section through a device according to the invention along the in Fig. 2 illustrated line II,
Fig. 2
a horizontal section through the in Fig. 1 shown device along the local line II-II,
Fig. 3
a partial section in the longitudinal direction of the rotor with associated Abstreifeinrichtung,
Fig. 4
a cross section through the in Fig. 3 shown area along the local line IV-IV, and
Fig. 5
a cross section through a further embodiment of the invention with only one rotor.

Die Fig. 1 und 2 geben einen Überblick über die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung. Man sieht zunächst einen aus Stahlprofilen zusammengesetzten rahmenartigen Unterbau 1, auf dem ein rechteckförmiges Gehäuse 2 ruht. Das Gehäuse 2 wird von zwei sich gegenüberliegenden Längswänden 3 und die Längswände 3 verbindenden Querwänden 4 gebildet, die zusammen einen Zerkleinerungsraum 5 umschließen. Die verriegelbaren Querwände 4 sind jeweils zweigeteilt und besitzen ein oberes Wandteil 6 und ein unteres Wandteil 7, die zum Öffnen des Gehäuses 2 einzeln oder auch zusammen um eine vertikale Schwenkachse 8 verschwenkbar sind.The Fig. 1 and 2 give an overview of the device according to the invention. One first sees a frame-like substructure 1 composed of steel profiles, on which a rectangular housing 2 rests. The housing 2 is formed by two opposite longitudinal walls 3 and the longitudinal walls 3 connecting transverse walls 4, which together enclose a crushing chamber 5. The lockable transverse walls 4 are each divided into two and have an upper wall portion 6 and a lower wall portion 7, which are individually or together about a vertical pivot axis 8 for opening the housing 2 pivotable.

An das nach oben offene Gehäuse 2 schließt sich ein Materialeinlauf 9 an, dessen in den Darstellungen linke Einlaufwand für eine erleichterte Beschickung des Zerkleinerungsraums 5 mit Aufgabegut geneigt und mit einer Rutsche 10 ausgerüstet ist, deren Neigungswinkel gegenüber der Vertikalen einstellbar ist. Nach unten schließt sich an den Zerkleinerungsraum 5 ein leicht trichterförmiger Materialauslauf 11 an, durch welches das ausreichend zerkleinerte Gut zur weiteren Bearbeitung in anderen Stationen die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung verlässt.To the upwardly open housing 2 is followed by a material inlet 9, which is inclined in the illustrations left inlet wall for easier loading of the crushing chamber 5 with feed material and equipped with a chute 10, the inclination angle relative to the vertical is adjustable. Down to the crushing chamber 5 is followed by a slightly funnel-shaped material outlet 11, through which the sufficiently comminuted material leaves the device according to the invention for further processing in other stations.

Die Längswände 3 weisen in etwa auf halber Höhe sich jeweils gegenüberliegend ein erstes Drehlager 12 und ein zweites Drehlager 13 auf, die dazu bestimmt sind, einen ersten Rotor 14 entlang der Rotationsachse 15 und einem zweiten Rotor 16 entlang der Rotationsachse 17 drehbar aufzunehmen. Die Rotoren 14 und 16 sind dabei horizontal und parallel zu den Querwänden 4 ausgerichtet, verlaufen also achsparallel zueinander.The longitudinal walls 3 have approximately at half height, respectively opposite a first pivot bearing 12 and a second pivot bearing 13, which are intended to a first rotor 14 along the axis of rotation 15 and a second rotor 16 along the Rotary axis 17 to receive rotatable. The rotors 14 and 16 are aligned horizontally and parallel to the transverse walls 4, thus extending axially parallel to each other.

Der Aufbau der Rotoren 14 und 16 geht neben den Fig. 1 und 2 zusätzlich auch aus Fig. 3 hervor, die einen Teilschnitt entlang der Rotorachse 15, 17 zeigt. Jeder Rotor 14, 16 umfasst eine Antriebswelle 18, die sich durch Öffnungen in den Längswänden 3 hindurch bis zu den Drehlagern 12 bzw. 13 erstreckt. Auf ihrem sich innerhalb des Zerkleinerungsraumes 5 erstreckenden Längsabschnitt sitzen drehfest eine Vielzahl kreisförmiger Rotorscheiben 19, hier jeweils 12 Stück, deren Umfang mit schuhförmigen Zerkleinerungswerkzeugen 21 bestückt ist. Koaxiale Distanzscheiben 20 sind zur Bildung von Zwischenräumen zwischen die Rotorscheiben 19 gefügt und sorgen so für einen axialen Abstand der Rotorscheiben 19 untereinander. Die Rotorscheiben 19 sind in dem sich an die Distanzscheiben 20 radial nach außen anschließenden ringscheibenförmigen Bereich mit Verschleißblechen 22 besetzt (Fig. 3).The structure of the rotors 14 and 16 goes next to the Fig. 1 and 2 in addition also out Fig. 3 which shows a partial section along the rotor axis 15, 17. Each rotor 14, 16 includes a drive shaft 18 which extends through openings in the longitudinal walls 3 to the pivot bearings 12 and 13, respectively. On its extending within the crushing chamber 5 longitudinal section sitting non-rotatably a plurality of circular rotor disks 19, here in each case 12 pieces whose circumference is equipped with shoe-shaped crushing tools 21. Coaxial spacers 20 are joined to form spaces between the rotor disks 19 and thus provide an axial spacing of the rotor disks 19 with each other. The rotor disks 19 are in the adjoining the spacers 20 radially outwardly annular disk-shaped area with wear plates 22 occupied ( Fig. 3 ).

Beide Antriebswellen 18 bilden mit einem ihrer Enden an sich gegenüberliegenden Gehäuseseiten einen Überstand aus, der jeweils mit einen Antrieb 24 kraftgekoppelt ist, der die gegenläufige Rotation der Rotoren 14 und 16 bewirkt.Both drive shafts 18 form with one of their ends on opposite sides of the housing a projection, which is in each case force-coupled with a drive 24, which causes the opposite rotation of the rotors 14 and 16.

Die relative Anordnung der Rotoren 14 und 16 zueinander ist derart, dass durch Vorsehen eines axialen Versatzes und einer radialen Überlappung im Umfangsbereich die Rotorscheiben 19 des ersten Rotors 14 mit den Rotorscheiben 19 des Rotors 16 kämmen. Auf diese Weise bilden die im Zuge der gegenläufigen Rotation der Rotoren 14 und 16 sich axial gegenüberliegenden Kanten der Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge 21 Schneid- bzw. Scherspalte, wo die Zerkleinerungsarbeit stattfindet. Die axiale Weite des Spalts beträgt dabei maximal einen Millimeter, vorzugsweise maximal 0,5 Millimeter.The relative arrangement of the rotors 14 and 16 to each other is such that by providing an axial offset and radial overlap in the peripheral region, the rotor disks 19 of the first rotor 14 mesh with the rotor disks 19 of the rotor 16. In this way, in the course of the opposite rotation of the rotors 14 and 16 axially opposite edges of the crushing tools 21 cutting or shear gaps, where the crushing work takes place. The axial width of the gap amounts to a maximum of one millimeter, preferably a maximum of 0.5 millimeters.

Um zu verhindern, dass sich Aufgabegut in den Zwischenräumen zwischen den Rotorscheiben 19 verkeilt oder verklemmt, ist eine Abstreifeinrichtung 25 vorgesehen, die dort vorhandenes Aufgabegut radial nach außen räumt und es auf diese Weise wieder der Zerkleinerung zuführt. Der nähere Aufbau der Abstreifeinrichtung 25 ist vor allem in den Fig. 1, 3 und 4 dargestellt und umfasst einen Lagerbalken 26, der sich achsparallel zu den Achsen 15 und 17 jeweils unterhalb eines jeden Rotors 14 und 16 erstreckt. Bezogen auf den Materialfluss im Zerkleinerungsraum 5 ist der Lagerbalken 26 somit im Strömungsschatten der Rotoren 14 und 16 angeordnet.In order to prevent feed material wedging or jamming in the interstices between the rotor disks 19, a stripping device 25 is provided which clears there existing feed material radially outwards and in this way feeds it again to the comminution. The closer construction of the stripping device 25 is mainly in the Fig. 1 . 3 and 4 and comprises a bearing bar 26, which extends axially parallel to the axes 15 and 17 respectively below each rotor 14 and 16. Based on the flow of material in the comminution chamber 5, the bearing bar 26 is thus arranged in the flow shadow of the rotors 14 and 16.

Der Lagerbalken 26 spannt über die gesamte Breite des Zerkleinerungsraums 5 und ist an den Längswänden 3 über horizontal und/oder vertikal wirkende Zentriermittel passgenau festgelegt. Die Zentriermittel können beispielsweise von Konsolen, in Nuten eingreifende Leisten, oder wie im vorliegenden Beispiel von Passbohrungen mit damit zusammenwirkenden Passstiften 27 gebildet sein. Schrauben 43 sorgen für eine feste Verbindung (Fig. 3).The bearing bar 26 spans over the entire width of the crushing space 5 and is accurately fixed to the longitudinal walls 3 via horizontally and / or vertically acting centering. The centering means may be formed, for example, by brackets, grooved strips, or, as in the present example, by mating holes with cooperating dowel pins 27. Screws 43 provide a firm connection ( Fig. 3 ).

An seiner dem Rotor 14 bzw.16 zugewandten Seite weist der Lagerbalken 26 eine Lagerfläche 28 zur Aufnahme plattenförmiger Abstreifelemente 29 auf, die sich in radialer Richtung in die Zwischenräume zwischen den Rotorscheiben 19 hinein erstrecken. Die plattenförmigen Abstreifelemente 29 besitzen eine in etwa trapezförmige Umrisslinie (Fig. 1 und 4), wobei die längere Basis des Trapezes konkav ausgebildet ist. Die Krümmung der Basis ist dabei so stark wie oder stärker als die Umfangskrümmung der Distanzscheiben 20, so dass sicher gestellt ist, dass die spitz zulaufenden Räumkanten des Abstreifelements 29 eng an den Außenumfang der Distanzscheiben 20 anschließen und so zuverlässig ihre Räumfunktion ausführen können. Die gegenüberliegende kürzere Seite des trapezförmigen Abstreifelements 29 dient zur starren und passgenauen Befestigung des Abstreifelements 29 an der Lagerfläche 28 des Lagerbalkens 26. Auch hier dienen Zentriermittel, wie zum Beispiel Anschlagflächen, in Nuten eingreifende Leisten, oder wie im vorliegenden Fall Passbohrungen mit Passstiften 30 für den passgenauen und somit präzisen Anschluss. Ein Verspannen der Abstreifelemente 29 mit dem Lagerbalken 26 erfolgt über die Schrauben 31.On its side facing the rotor 14 or 16, the bearing bar 26 has a bearing surface 28 for receiving plate-shaped stripping elements 29, which extend in the radial direction into the interspaces between the rotor disks 19. The plate-shaped stripping elements 29 have an approximately trapezoidal outline ( Fig. 1 and 4 ), wherein the longer base of the trapezoid is concave. The curvature of the base is as strong as or stronger than the circumferential curvature of the spacers 20, so that it is ensured that the tapered Räumkanten of the stripping 29 closely connect to the outer periphery of the spacers 20 and can reliably perform their Räumfunktion. The opposite shorter side of the trapezoidal stripping element 29 serves for rigid and precise fitting attachment of the stripping element 29 to the bearing surface 28 of the bearing bar 26. Again, serve centering, such as stop surfaces in grooves engaging strips, or as in the present case mating holes with dowel pins 30 for the perfect fit and therefore precise connection. A bracing of the stripping elements 29 with the bearing bar 26 via the screws 31st

Auf diese Weise ergibt sich eine kammartige Ausbildung der Abstreifeinrichtung 25, deren präzise relative Anordnung zum Rotor 14 bzw. 16 es erlaubt, dass die planparallel zu den Rotorscheiben 19 ausgerichteten Abstreifelemente 29 sich radial und unter Einhaltung eines seitlichen Spalts in die Zwischenräume zwischen den Rotorscheiben 19 hinein erstrecken und unter Einhaltung eines radialen Spalts an der Mantelfläche der Distanzscheiben 20 enden. Die seitliche bzw. axiale Spaltweite beiträgt bei der beschriebenen Ausführungsform maximal einen Millimeter, vorzugsweise 0,5 Millimeter, die radiale Spaltweite an der engsten Stelle einen Millimeter oder weniger. Die Abstreifelemente 29 füllen also den Raum zwischen den Rotorscheiben 19 annähernd passgenau aus.In this way, a comb-like design of the stripping device 25, the precise relative arrangement to the rotor 14 and 16 allows that the plane-parallel to the rotor disks 19 aligned stripping 29 radially and while maintaining a lateral gap in the interstices between the rotor disks 19th extend into it and end while maintaining a radial gap on the lateral surface of the spacers 20. The lateral or axial gap width contributes in the described embodiment a maximum of one millimeter, preferably 0.5 millimeters, the radial gap width at the narrowest point one millimeter or less. The stripping elements 29 thus fill the space between the rotor disks 19 approximately accurately.

Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Abstreifelemente 29 mehrteilig ausgebildet und besitzen einen trapezförmigen Grundkörper 32, dessen schräge Seiten mit verschleißfesten leistenförmigen Abstreifwerkzeugen 33 belegt sind (Figur 4). Die Breite der Abstreifwerkzeuge 33 entspricht dabei der Dicke des Grundkörpers 32, so dass jedes Abstreifelement 29 überall eine einheitliche Dicke besitzt. Passschrauben 34 sorgen dabei für den passgenauen Sitz der Abstreifwerkzeuge 33 am Grundkörper 32.In the present embodiment, the stripping elements 29 are designed in several parts and have a trapezoidal base body 32 whose oblique sides are covered with wear-resistant strip-shaped stripping tools 33 ( FIG. 4 ). The width of the stripping tools 33 corresponds to the thickness of the base body 32, so that each stripping element 29 has a uniform thickness everywhere. Slotted screws 34 ensure the snug fit of the stripping tools 33 on the base body 32nd

An Stelle eines mehrgliedrigen Aufbaus können die Abstreifelemente 29 auch monolithisch aus einem verschleißfesten Material hergestellt sein.Instead of a multi-unit construction, the stripping elements 29 can also be produced monolithically from a wear-resistant material.

In einer nicht dargestellten alternativen Ausführungsform der Abstreifelemente besitzt der Grundkörper eine geringere Dicke als die Abstreifwerkzeuge. Auf diese Weise ergibt sich ein beidseitiger Überstand der Abstreifwerkzeuge über den Grundköper, so dass der Grundkörper zu den benachbarten Rotorscheiben einen größeren Abstand einhält als die Abstreifwerkzeuge.In an alternative embodiment of the stripping elements, not shown, the base body has a smaller thickness than the stripping tools. In this way, a two-sided projection of the stripping tools on the Grundköper, so that the main body to the adjacent rotor discs maintains a greater distance than the stripping tools.

Wie aus Figur 1 zusätzlich ersichtlich, ist in Durchströmungsrichtung nach den Abstreifeinrichtungen 25 jeweils eine Trennwand 46 angeordnet, die den Materialauslauf 11 in einen mittleren Kanal für den Gutstrom 42 und zwei seitliche Kanäle für die Gutströme 44 unterteilt. Die Gutströme 44 entstehen beim Reversieren der Rotoren, wobei störendes Aufgabegut oder Fremdkörper aus der Vorrichtung ausgeschieden wird.How out FIG. 1 In addition, a separating wall 46 is arranged in the direction of flow after the stripping devices 25, which divides the material outlet 11 into a middle channel for the material flow 42 and two lateral channels for the material flows 44. The crop flows 44 occur when the rotors are reversed, with disturbing feed material or foreign bodies being discharged from the device.

Die Fig. 1 und 3 zeigen einen symmetrischen Aufbau der Abstreifelemente 29 bezüglich ihrer vertikalen Mittelebene, was sicherstellt, dass die Abstreifelemente 29 auch im Reversierbetrieb in der Lage sind ihre Funktion optimal ausüben zu können. Unabhängig davon liegen auch Ausführungsformen im Rahmen der Erfindung, deren Abstreifelemente asymmetrisch gestaltet sind oder nur einer wirksamen Räumkante aufweisen.The Fig. 1 and 3 show a symmetrical structure of the stripping elements 29 with respect to their vertical center plane, which ensures that the stripping elements 29 are able to perform their function optimally in Reversierbetrieb can. Irrespective of this, embodiments are also within the scope of the invention whose stripping elements are designed asymmetrically or have only an effective reaming edge.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung mit nur einem Rotor 14' ist in Figur 5 dargestellt. Der Unterbau 1', das Gehäuse 2', der Materialeinlauf 9' und der Materialauslauf 11' weisen einen prinzipiell gleichen Aufbau auf, wie die unter den Fig. 1 bis 4 beschriebene Ausführungsform. Da jedoch im Vergleich zur vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsform der zweite Rotor des Schneidwerks fehlt, mit dem die Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge des Rotors 14' zusammenwirken könnten, ist an der Innenseite der Querwand 4' ein kammartiges Statorwerkzeug 38 angeordnet, dessen Zähne in die Zwischenräume zwischen den Rotorscheiben 19' eingreifen. Die Zerkleinerungsarbeit wird also von den Rotorscheiben 19' und den Statorwerkzeugen 38 geleistet.Another embodiment of the invention with only one rotor 14 'is shown in FIG FIG. 5 shown. The substructure 1 ', the housing 2', the material inlet 9 'and the material outlet 11' have a basically the same structure as that under the Fig. 1 to 4 described embodiment. However, since in comparison to the embodiment described above, the second rotor of the cutting mechanism is missing, with which the comminuting tools of the rotor 14 'could cooperate, on the inside of the transverse wall 4', a comb-like stator 38 is arranged, whose teeth in the Intermediate spaces between the rotor disks 19 'engage. The comminuting work is thus performed by the rotor disks 19 'and the stator tools 38.

Die Abstreifeinrichtung 25' entspricht der bereits unter den Fig. 1 bis 4 beschriebenen, sodass auf das dort Gesagte verwiesen wird. Zudem ist auch hier eine Unterteilung des Materialauslaufs 11' mit Hilfe einer Trennwand 46' vorgesehen, die verhindert, dass sich im Reversierbetrieb unzureichend zerkleinertes Aufgabegut 44 oder Fremdstoffe mit dem Gutstrom 42 vermischen.The stripping device 25 'corresponds to that already under the Fig. 1 to 4 described, so that is referred to what is said there. In addition, here also a subdivision of the material outlet 11 'by means of a partition wall 46' is provided, which prevents in the reversing insufficiently comminuted feed material 44 or foreign matter with the material flow 42 mix.

Lediglich schematisch dargestellt sieht man in Fig. 5 periphere Funktionskomponenten, die in entsprechender Weise auch bei der Ausführungsform gemäß der Fig. 1 bis 4 zur Anwendung kommen können. Die Funktionskomponenten umfassen im Wesentlichen ein Sieb 39, das sicherstellt, dass nur ausreichend zerkleinertes Aufgabegut den weiteren Produktionsprozessen zugeführt wird. Noch nicht ausreichend zerkleinertes Aufgabegut wird über eine Materialrückführung 40 erneut dem Materialeinlauf 9' aufgegeben und somit einer weiteren Zerkleinerung unterzogen.Only schematically shown in Fig. 5 peripheral functional components, which in a corresponding manner also in the embodiment according to the Fig. 1 to 4 can be used. The functional components essentially comprise a sieve 39, which ensures that only sufficiently comminuted feed material is supplied to the further production processes. Not yet sufficiently comminuted feed material is fed via a material return 40 again the material inlet 9 'and thus subjected to further comminution.

Im Betrieb einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung wird großstückiges schneidfähiges Aufgabegut, beispielsweise Altreifen, über den Materialeinlauf 9, 9' dem Zerkleinerungsraum 5, 5' zugeführt. Mit Hilfe der Rutsche 10 wird das Aufgabegut zielgerichtet dem Schneidwerk aufgegeben. Die rotierenden Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge 21, 21' ergreifen das Aufgabegut, ziehen es im Zuge ihrer Rotation ein und zerschneiden es mit ihren wirksamen Kanten. Das zerkleinerte Aufgabegut wird dann über den Materialauslauf 11, 11' aus der Vorrichtung ausgetragen. Der Materialfluss wird durch die Pfeile 41, 42 und 42' verdeutlicht.During operation of a device according to the invention, large-sized, cutting-capable feed material, for example used tires, is fed via the material inlet 9, 9 'to the comminuting space 5, 5'. With the help of the chute 10, the feed material is purposefully fed to the cutting unit. The rotary comminution tools 21, 21 'grasp the feed material, pull it in the course of their rotation and cut it with their effective edges. The comminuted feed material is then discharged from the device via the material outlet 11, 11 '. The material flow is illustrated by the arrows 41, 42 and 42 '.

Je nach Art des Aufgabeguts kann es dabei vorkommen, dass sich Materialstücke in den Zwischenräumen zwischen den Rotorscheiben 19, 19' verklemmen oder verkeilen. Bei Verbundmaterialien mit Stahleinlagen, wie zum Beispiel Altreifen, wickelt sich der Stahl zwischen den Rotorscheiben 19, 19' um die Distanzscheiben 20, 20'.Depending on the type of feedstock, it may happen that pieces of material in the spaces between the rotor disks 19, 19 'jam or wedging. For composite materials with steel inserts, such as used tires, the steel winds between the rotor disks 19, 19 'around the spacers 20, 20'.

Um diese Materialansammlungen wieder zu lösen ist die Abstreifeinrichtungen 25, 25' vorgesehen, die mit ihren an der Welle beziehungsweise Distanzscheiben 20, 20' anliegenden Kanten der Abstreifelemente 29 unter die Materialansammlungen greift und diese radial nach außen abhebt. Dabei können bei Bedarf die seitlichen Kanten der Abstreifelemente 29 im Zusammenspiel mit den Zerkleinerungswerkzeugen 21, 21' der Rotorscheiben 19, 19' zusätzliche Zerkleinerungsarbeit leisten. Da sich die Abstreifeinrichtungen 25, 25' in Durchströmrichtung des Zerkleinerungsraums 5, 5' unmittelbar hinter den Rotoren 14, 14' und 16 befinden, also in deren Strömungsschatten liegen, kann das ausreichend zerkleinerte Aufgabegut ungehindert zum Materialauslauf 11, 11' gelangen. Sollte aufgrund seiner Größe und/oder Härte nicht geeignetes Aufgabegut in den Einzugbereich der Rotoren 14, 16 bzw. 14' gelangen, so wird eine Überlastsicherung aktiviert. In diesem Fall reversieren die Rotoren 14, 14' und 16, d. h. werden mit umgekehrter Rotationsrichtung betrieben. Das störende Gut wird dabei durch den freien Raum 45 zwischen den Querwänden 4 und den Rotoren 14 und 16 nach unten aus der Vorrichtung ausgetragen. Aufgrund ihrer symmetrischen Ausbildung ist dabei die Abstreifeinrichtung 25, 25' weiter wirksam und löst das störende Aufgabegut vom Rotor 14, 16 bzw. 14'.In order to solve these material accumulations again the stripping means 25, 25 'is provided, which engages with their on the shaft or spacers 20, 20' adjacent edges of the stripping elements 29 under the material collections and this lifts radially outwards. If necessary, the lateral edges of the Stripping elements 29 in conjunction with the crushing tools 21, 21 'of the rotor disks 19, 19' perform additional crushing work. Since the stripping devices 25, 25 'are located in the throughflow direction of the comminution chamber 5, 5' directly behind the rotors 14, 14 'and 16, ie lie in their flow shadows, the sufficiently comminuted feed material can pass unimpeded to the material outlet 11, 11'. If, due to its size and / or hardness, unsuitable feedstock enters the catchment area of the rotors 14, 16 or 14 ', an overload protection is activated. In this case, the rotors 14, 14 'and 16 reverse, ie are operated in the reverse direction of rotation. The disturbing Good is discharged through the free space 45 between the transverse walls 4 and the rotors 14 and 16 down from the device. Due to their symmetrical design while the stripping device 25, 25 'continues to be effective and solves the disturbing feed from the rotor 14, 16 and 14'.

Für den Fall, dass diese Art der selbsttätigen Störfallbeseitigung nicht zum Ziel führt, aber auch für Wartungs- und Reparaturarbeiten ist das Schneidwerk auf beiden Seiten über die aufschwenkbaren Querwände 4, 4' nach Lösen deren Verriegelung frei zugänglich.In the event that this type of automatic fault elimination does not lead to the goal, but also for maintenance and repair work, the cutting mechanism on both sides on the swinging transverse walls 4, 4 'after loosening the lock freely accessible.

Claims (15)

  1. Device for comminuting pourable material by cutting and shear-cutting, the device comprising at least one rotor (14, 16, 14') provided within a housing (2, 2") and having a plurality of rotor discs (19, 19") arranged in axial distance between one another and thus forming interspaces and fitted on their circumference with comminuting tools (21) that interact with additional comminuting tools (21; 38) in order to perform comminution work and stationary scraping elements (29) extending into the interspaces in a radial direction, characterized in that the stationary scraping elements (29) are arranged in a dead zone of at least one rotor with respect to the direction of material flow (41, 42, 42'), wherein a clearance (45, 45') is provided between the at least one rotor (14, 16, 14') and an axially parallel housing wall (4) to allow the passage of the feedstock during reverse operation.
  2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a stationary support beam (26) that is arranged parallel to the axis of the at least one rotor (14, 16, 14') and on which the scraping elements (29) are arranged.
  3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the scraping elements (29) each have an approximately trapezoidal contour, wherein the side of the scraping element (29) forming the base of the trapezoid is assigned to the rotor axis (15) thereby maintaining a radial gap and having a concave curvature, the shorter side of the scraping element that is opposite the base is connected to the support beam (26).
  4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the width of the radial gap is at most one millimetre.
  5. Device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the curvature of the side forming the base is substantially the same or larger than the curvature of the radially opposite circumference of the longitudinal section of the rotor.
  6. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the active side of the scraping elements (29) adjoin the at least one rotor (14, 16, 14') at an angle α > 140 degrees
  7. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the scraping elements (29) have a monolithic design.
  8. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the scraping elements (29) are each formed by a disc shaped base member (32) whose opposite edges in the direction of rotation form a bearing surface for the scraping tools (33).
  9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that, in axial direction, the scraping tools (33) are wider than the base member (32).
  10. Device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the scraping tools (33) and the base member (32) have a uniform width in the axial direction.
  11. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the scraping elements (29) are mounted on a support beam (26) to form a precise fit using centring means (30).
  12. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the axially parallel housing wall (4) is configured to be swiveled around a vertical axis (8) in its entirety or in parts (6, 7) in order to open the housing (2):
  13. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 12, characterized in that a partition wall (46, 46') adjoins the scraping unit (25) in the direction in which the feedstock flows through the device.
  14. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a sieve (39), which includes a material recovery system (40) feeding the sieve residue back to the material inlet (9), is provided downstream from the rotors (14, 16).
  15. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the additional comminuting tools are formed by stationary stator tools (38) or by a second rotor (16).
EP10001077.6A 2009-02-11 2010-02-03 Device for grinding dispensed products with stripping elements Active EP2218507B8 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009008448A DE102009008448A1 (en) 2009-02-11 2009-02-11 Apparatus for comminuting feed with stripping elements

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EP2218507A2 EP2218507A2 (en) 2010-08-18
EP2218507A3 EP2218507A3 (en) 2013-08-28
EP2218507B1 true EP2218507B1 (en) 2016-05-18
EP2218507B8 EP2218507B8 (en) 2016-09-28

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EP (1) EP2218507B8 (en)
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DE (1) DE102009008448A1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
CA2692911A1 (en) 2010-08-11
US20100206970A1 (en) 2010-08-19
US8201764B2 (en) 2012-06-19
CA2692911C (en) 2013-11-26
EP2218507A2 (en) 2010-08-18
EP2218507A3 (en) 2013-08-28
DE102009008448A1 (en) 2010-09-02
EP2218507B8 (en) 2016-09-28

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