DE102005026816B4 - comminution device - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has a cutting table unit with a break edge (61) that extends parallel to two crushing shafts (30). A turning knife (63) associating a rotatable knife to one shaft is arranged in a transverse direction at the edge. The knife (63) associating the rotatable knife to other shaft is arranged in the transverse direction on another side at the edge. The rotatable knives of both the shafts extend radially outside over the edge.

Description

The The invention relates to a crushing device for crushing of comminuted material such as waste and / or production residues comprising one, a crushing space fixing wall structure, at least one drive device, which at least two, in the bottom area of the wall structure and parallel to each other arranged comminution waves drives, each at their Have circumference rotary blades and one between two crushing shafts arranged cutting table device, each separated by an opening, Fixed counter knives, each rotating knife in operation by an associated opening of the cutting table device sections extends.

such Crushing devices are used to shred all waste Used type, especially garbage-type waste, bulky waste or bulky Industrial and commercial waste as well as large and bulky Production residues. In As a rule, these wastes to different proportions of wood, paper and cardboard, plastics of the most different form as well as textiles and fibers together. This is to be crushed Good by the interaction of arranged on the crushing shaft Rotary knives and the fixed counter knives by cutting, Shearing, bruising, tearing and / or grated minced. Such comminution makes sense for the space requirements of the waste during to reduce storage or transport. Furthermore allows u.U. such comminution, for example of household waste and garden waste, only the subsequent further processing of materials such as sorting, Sifting, burning or composting.

A such generic device is in International Publication WO 2005/039774 A1 specified. It relates to a crushing device with at least a rotor which carries a plurality of cutting teeth, wherein on both longitudinal sides the shaft is arranged in each case a row with counter knives. The cutting teeth are arranged side by side in pairs, the counter knife of the first row offset to the counter knives of the second row placed are so that with each pair of cutting teeth a cutting tooth with a Counter knife of the first row and the other cutting tooth with a Counter knife of the second row cooperates.

A generic device is also in the European patent EP 0 928 222 B1 disclosed. In this document it is taught to set the relative position of rotary knife to counter knife so that the angle of action of the teeth of the rotary knife with the associated counter knife is about 90 °, so that no significant force components in the radial direction to the rotary knife or parallel to the counter knife occur which would result in a bending load on the teeth of the rotary knives or an ineffective displacement of the material to the counter knife.

Of the However, crushing is not only based on cutting or breaking the Guts by the flanks of the rotary blade or the Counter knife, but can by other principles of interaction supported by rotating and fixed knives.

Of the Invention is based on the object, a generic crushing device such to further develop that the crushing power increases.

These Task is in the present invention in a surprisingly simple manner already by a crushing device with the features of Claim 1 solved. The shredding device according to the invention stands out against the State of the art characterized in that the cutting table device comprises a crushing edge projecting into the crushing space, wherein the counter blades associated with the rotary blades of the shredding shaft in the transverse direction to this breaking edge on one side of the breaking edge, and the counter blades associated with the rotary blades of the other shredding shaft arranged transversely on the other side of the breaking edge are and where are the rotary blades of the two crushing shafts each radially above extend beyond the breaking edge of the cutting table device.

As indicated, this crushing edge can be parallel to a crushing shaft furthermore, it does not necessarily have to be straightforward but may also be wavy, e.g. with a transverse component extend between the two shredding waves.

there the term crushing space denotes an area above the counter-knife, in which the commodity collects itself before the comminution. Such a volume is through a wall structure, in particular a circumferential wall structure of the device set, which, for example, the May have the shape of a funnel. With the designation ground area Thus, the range is meant, which limited down the crushing space and essentially by the cutting table device (s) and the Crushing waves is set. It is understood that in In this sense, the bottom area in such crushing devices not necessarily be flat.

The extending in the crushing space breaking edge of the cutting table device is opposite to the direction of movement of the rotating blades, whereby the material to be shredded compared to conventional Crushing devices in addition exposed to a high local pressure load in several places becomes. In particular at the places where the Kantlinie by the openings is interrupted, through which the rotary blades move, arises a high punctual load, causing the crushing of the material supports becomes. This arranged on the cutting table device and in the In addition, crushing space protruding crushing edge creates a comparatively unstable position for the material to be processed, because this alone by its weight either to one or the other Side of the edge, i. either to one or the other crusher shaft is steered. In conjunction with the specified overlap of the effective diameter The result of the two waves is that even thin, extensively extended Materials such as plywood boards are detected safely. In this respect, this can also be the case with conventional comminution devices often occurring problem can be solved that flat parts vertically upright Standing in the middle between two rotors on a rather horizontal Support aligned counter knife and not confiscated safely. In the crushing device according to the invention will such a bridging, the under circumstances the manual clearing would require the device prevented. If, however, a voluminous part but in a stable Position on this edge supported, performs the overlap the flight circles of the two comminution waves that this Part under the crushing effect emanating from the breaking edge is crushed.

It can be beneficial if each through an opening in the cutting table device separate counter knife about vertically to the axes of the shredding waves and approximately parallel to each other are arranged. On the other hand, it is, for example, too possible, that the two at the longitudinal edges an opening arranged counter knife at least partially not parallel to each other. In particular, could such a design also adapted the flanks of extending in the respective opening rotary knife be.

advantageous embodiments The invention are specified in the subclaims.

If the cutting table edge projecting into the shredding space, i. the said crushing edge arranged approximately perpendicular to the counter knives is, during the crushing process can be ensured that also material which, due to its property, such as the course of the fibers, Structure or growth direction preferably only in one direction breaks, is effectively crushed. Insofar, the points in the Crushing space projecting breaking edge of the cutting table device one for the crushing process supportive effect, in particular then the case is when the two comminuting shafts adjacent to the cutting table device Turn counter-clockwise so that the feed material from the waves or whose knives are pulled into the area between the waves, in which the specified cutting table geometry with the described Benefits works.

The Drive means may comprise one or more motors, which or which drive the at least two crushing waves. there it can be provided that the movements of the at least two Shredding waves individually with respect to the direction of rotation and / or Rotational speed are adjustable.

When Drive device for the shredding device according to the invention In particular, hydraulic direct drives, i. slow-running high-torque motors without gear reduction or geared hydraulic motors used.

It may be advantageous if the cutting table device two bearing surfaces for the crushed material determines which intersect in the protruding edge, wherein the respective counter knife of a crushing shaft at the first contact surface and the respective counter blades of the other shredding shaft arranged the second bearing surface are. It can these bearing surfaces too bent be.

It it has been found that the described effect of the additional Edge for the crushing process occurs very advantageous when the bearing surfaces below an angle for fixing the above-described edge cut from about 60-120 °. A particularly simple design of the cutting table device is given if these bearing surfaces just designed. Depending on the cutting angle of the surfaces results a more or less sharp or blunt edge. In this respect can over the Angle this on the comminution process cooperating edge on the be adjusted to crushing material. Especially advantageous the angle of intersection of the bearing planes can be about 90 °, wherein the cutting table device is arranged relative to the crushing waves such that the projecting edge of the cutting table device approximately on the connecting line the axes of the two respectively adjacent comminution waves lies.

Around another working principle for can provide the crushing process can be provided that in addition to the two through an opening separated, and in particular approximately parallel to each other and approximately perpendicular another to the axes of the waves running counter knives Counter knife is provided, which is at the opening substantially perpendicular extends to the other two counter knives. This other counter knife thus acts with the radial end portion of the associated rotary knife, i.e. with the tip of the tooth of the rotary knife for effective shearing together. As a fixed tools in the inventively designed Crushing device then act advantageously the above, each through the openings for the rotary knives broken edge of the cutting table device, the longitudinal sides the respective openings extending counter knife, and that to the two counter knives about vertically extending third counter knife.

Around a simple replacement of the fixed tools, i. especially provide the counter knife, it can be provided that the Cutting table device by an elongated, prismatic Block is provided, which for the design of the counter knife each having axially spaced recesses or openings. Such a Block may for example consist of a solid material in which the for the rotary knives necessary slots, i. Openings are incorporated. It can the counter knives are mounted along the edges of the slots. It However, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, it is also possible that The edges of the block itself can be used as a counter knife. For protection The edges can in turn be advantageously provided that these with a carbide weld-on are provided so that a long service life can be provided. Of course, the same applies for the projecting edge of the cutting table, which in particular parallel can run to the crushing shaft and each interrupted through the openings for the Rotary knife is. Advantageously, this block as a whole or sequenced be removed from the device, which reduces the changeover time, because with a single exchange at the same time several fixed ones Knife can be changed. For this purpose it can be provided that the cutting table device on an elongated, parallel to a crushing shaft running Traverse detachable is fixed, said traverse fixed to the crushing device, in particular with its housing can be connected. Preferably, the cutting table device and serving as a support traverse geometrically shaped be that while of the operation then cause the forces acting on the cutting table to that the cutting table device is centered in its seat. This For example, by providing congruent prismatic contact surfaces the cutting table device or the Traverse be achieved. The Traverse can be firmly connected to the machine housing, since this is not subject to wear and insofar does not need to be replaced.

It may be appropriate when the cutting table device is screwed to the traverse. It can a plurality of bores may be provided which are axially spaced from oblique extend down through the traverse and corresponding to threaded holes are arranged in the cutting table device. One fixing screw each can so in the associated Drilled hole in the crossbeam and in the corresponding threaded hole in the cutting table assembly be screwed. About that In addition, it can be provided that in each case a threaded hole in the cutting table device, which, for example, as a counter knife block may be formed, extends such that they are approximately perpendicular to a support surface for the Crushed material runs on the cutting table. Thus one generates during the Operation occurring force on the corresponding bearing surface, which by the intervention of the rotary blades resting on the support surface Crushed material is created, no additional burden on the screw between traverse and cutting table.

Around to avoid that material in the space between axial can be provided provided spaced rotary blades around the shaft, can be provided that axially spaced at the shredding table or the Traverse, fixed Abstreifbleche are arranged, each with an associated, attached to the Zer kleinungswelle scraper plate interact. Especially useful It should be there when the bolts of the screw between cutting table and traverse also by the fixed Stripping plates extend so that they are easily fastened and at the same time to the associated Abstreifblech on the crushing shaft are adjusted axially.

It may be appropriate when the rotary blades each in their associated opening in the cutting table means are substantially centered, i. the distance between the two parallel to the radius vector of the shaft running counter knives is about the same.

Conventionally, axially spaced several rotary blades are mounted on the periphery of the crushing shaft. In order to provide a quick replacement of worn rotary blades, may be provided according to the invention that axially beab standing on the circumference of the crushing shaft radially outwardly extending mounting flanges are arranged, to each of which releasably at least one rotary knife can be attached. In this respect, it is no longer a problem with the invention to change a single rotary knife, which has been damaged or destroyed, for example, due to an exceptionally high load, which might have required the replacement of a crushing shaft in conventional crushing devices.

Around make sure the releasable Connection between the mounting flange and the respective rotary knife for transmission the necessary forces and moments is capable of, may be provided that a mounting flange at least one fastening receptacle in the form of an axially extending Recess has for receiving a rotary knife, wherein the Rotary blades with a base section when tangential forces occur the rotary knife in a positive connection with the mounting flange located. This positive locking ensures that all machine forces on the Transferred crushed material become. The fixation of the rotary knife on the flange can in this case via a simple frictional connection such as a screw, for example be achieved with axially extending bolts.

Around at the same time also an automatic centering of the rotary knife can be provided in the attachment receptacle can be provided that the fastening receptacle and the base portion of a rotary knife such complementary contact surfaces have that when tangential forces on the rotary blade a radial inward force is generated on the rotary knife, so that this in its seat in the attachment receptacle during the Operation of the device is centered.

Basically depending on the application, one or more rotary knives on such a mounting flange mountable. For a universally usable shredding device according to the invention has the provision of two circumferentially spaced rotary blades proved to be advantageous on a mounting flange. The Shredding waves of such devices may vary depending on the operating situation turned forwards or backwards become. In this respect, it is useful if at least one of the envisaged rotary blades is designed so that it works in both directions of rotation of the shaft. For example may be of two mounted on a mounting flange and circumferentially spaced Rotary blades one acting in both directions of rotation of the shaft, while the others only work when the shaft is turning in a certain direction. For this For example, it may be provided that a rotary knife has two teeth, one tooth in each of the two directions, this rotary knife to a plane comprising a radius vector and axial vector is formed mirror image.

Around a comminution of the feed material also in the area of the wall structure the shredding device according to the invention can be attached to the wall structure and parallel to one Crushing shaft an outer cutting table, also called outer counter knife blocks, be arranged, which of a plurality of spaced, in the axial direction one behind the other arranged prisms, in particular Composed of cuboids. In the usual Direction of rotation of the two shredding shafts is therefore material in the border area, i. near captured the wall structure of rotary knives and in the area between brought both shredding waves or the material in the area the wall structure through the bottom-up rotary blades crushed or taken away. It may be appropriate when the rotary blades are facing the outer cutting table adjacent crusher shaft are passed through the gaps between the prisms and a counter knife by one edge on the front side of a Prism is provided. Furthermore, it may be advantageous if the gaps between the prisms are larger as the recesses or holes for the Rotary knife in the middle Scheidtischanordnung. If the prisms attached to the wall structure, the load on the side walls can be so low be kept, as this results in larger outside kerfs on the outside.

The Invention will be described below by describing an example with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein.

1 a perspective view of an inventively designed crushing device,

2 in the 1 illustrated crushing device in a plan view,

3 a detailed view of 1 .

4a and 4b in the 1 shown cutting device in a sectional view perpendicular to the axis in two different rotational positions of the crushing waves,

5 the attachment of an inner counter knife block on a crossbeam,

6a and 6b the construction of a first usable with the shredding device according to the invention rotary knife in a plan view and a perspective view and

7a and 7b shows the construction of a second rotary knife usable with the shredding device according to the invention in a plan view and a perspective view.

In 1 is an inventive crushing device 1 as used, for example, for comminution of household waste. This includes a housing 20 , which consists of two side plates 24 and two end faces 23 composed. As can be seen, the illustrated crushing device is constructed as a modular unit, which with flanges 21 can be placed on a conveyor, not shown, with which the crushed material is transported away. In the same way, the crusher shown comprises 1 an upper circumferential flange 25 on which a feed device, for example in the form of a funnel vessel can be placed. The machine has two crushing shafts 30 on, which are parallel to each other inside the case 20 extend. Outside the case is for each crushing shaft 30 a hydraulic motor 10 arranged, which drives the respective shaft. The surfaces facing the interior of the housing 22 of the housing 20 are obliquely formed, whereby the imported from above to be comminuted Good towards the crushing waves 30 is distracted.

A single crusher shaft 30 has axially spaced a plurality of mounting flanges 32 on, which are firmly connected to the shaft. In the manner described below are at this mounting flange 32 each circumferentially spaced two rotary blades 40 respectively. 41 arranged having a single incisor or two incisors. Between the waves is a cutting table device 60 arranged in the form of an elongated cuboid, at the corresponding axial locations of the rotary blades 40 respectively. 41 openings 65 has, so that the rotary blades 40 respectively. 41 at least partially through the cuboid can move. This cuboid represents with the in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the crushing waves 30 extending edges of the counter knife 62 . 63 for the rotary knives 40 . 41 ready, which will be discussed in more detail below.

On the outsides of the shredding waves 30 that is, adjacent to the side panels 24 , are outer counter knife blocks 50 placed, which also with the rotary knives 40 . 41 to work together for comminution of the feedstock, which will be discussed in more detail below. These outer counter knife blocks 50 are on the respective side plate 24 bolted and axially spaced apart to allow the rotary blades 40 . 41 can move between blocks.

In the described embodiment, all rotary blades run 40 . 41 centered on the two, associated with these knives and parallel to a radius vector of the comminuting shaft 30 extending counter knives 62 . 63 , As can also be seen in the figure, the counter-blades 62 . 63 circumferentially staggered on a shaft to avoid as far as possible a shock load that could possibly occur when all rotary knives 40 . 41 with an elongate object at the same time come into engagement with this. The two waves, along with the outer counter knife blocks 50 and the inner counter knife block 60 form a kind of bottom of the device, at which the feed material collects and can be fed into the device and crushed.

To avoid that in the areas of the waves, which the space between two mounting flanges 32 Material is turned on, are in these gap sections of the crushing waves 30 circumferentially spaced Abstreifbleche 33 arranged, which with associated Abstreifblechen 71 interact, which on the inner counter knife block 60 or cutting table device are attached. This will be explained below with reference to 4a , b in detail.

In the 1 illustrated crushing device according to the invention 1 is in a supervision again in 2 shown. To recognize in turn are the outside of the housing 20 mounted hydraulic motors 10 over which the crushing waves 30 are driven. With the reference numerals 11 . 12 are the bearings of the crushing waves 30 specified. The inner counter knife block 60 in the form of a cuboid protrudes with an edge in the crushing space and is so far in the crushing process as a crushing edge 61 effective. In this regard, the breaking edge 61 the part of the cutting table 60 , which protrudes furthest in this crushing space. As can be seen, the blades of both comminution waves run 30 each beyond this edge, so that an overlap of the effective diameter of both crushing waves 30 or rotors is set. The openings made in the block for passing the knives 65 provide a total of three counter-blades for the rotary blades, on the one hand in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the crushing shafts 30 and parallel to each other extending counter knife 62 . 63 and on the other hand that with the radial head end of the tooth of a rotary knife 40 . 41 cooperating, axially parallel to the crushing shaft 30 running counter-knife 64 , In the example given, these counter-knife 62 . 63 . 64 be used as cut edges, especially if they are provided with a hard metal weld. From the drawing it can also be seen that the rotary knives 40 . 41 a certain thickness, ie an extension in the axial direction of the shaft, wherein the blades in a base portion 42 , please refer 3 in a corresponding recess in the mounting flange 32 are arranged such that when a tangential force occurs a positive connection between the respective rotary blade 40 . 41 and the mounting flange 32 results.

The exact geometric conditions with respect to the comminution waves 30 , the rotary knife 40 . 41 as well as the stationary counter knife 62 . 63 . 64 go from a detail of 1 forth in 3 is shown. Between the two adjacently arranged and parallel comminution waves 30 is the cutting table in the form of an inner counter knife block 60 placed, which is approximately diagonally positioned and so with an edge acting as a breaking edge 61 protrudes into the crushing space. They are clearly visible parallel to the radius vector of the comminution waves 30 running stationary counter knife 62 . 63 , which in relation to the shaft radially outward on the axially parallel edge or counter blade 64 are connected. The mounting flanges 32 or rotary knife 40 . 41 are axially offset from each other, so that the cross section of the rotors as described may overlap by the blades in their radial extent in their associated opening 65 over the breaking edge 61 extend beyond. The inner counter knife block 60 provides two bearing surfaces 67 . 66 ready, on which the crushed material can rest, if, for example, by the associated rotary blade 40 . 41 is broken.

Each on a mounting flange 32 are circumferentially spaced two rotary blades 40 . 41 provided, via axial bolts, which extend axially through the mounting flange 32 extend through, are attached. While the rotary knife 40 having a single tooth comprises the rotary knife 41 two teeth which are mirror-inverted to a plane containing the axis and the radius vector of the shaft at the location of the tooth. On the construction of the knife is below with reference to the 6a , Federation 7a , b in detail.

Accordingly, act upon rotation of the crushing shaft 30 in one direction two teeth on the circumference of the shaft, while in rotation in the other direction only a single tooth with the inner counter knife block 60 for crushing the material located in the crushing space cooperates. In the conventional comminution process, both shafts rotate in opposite directions, such that material in the area of the side walls of the respective knives towards the inner counter knife block 60 transported and crushed there, ie in the 3 left shaft rotates clockwise, while the shaft shown on the right rotates counterclockwise. For example, after a jamming of the device due to excessive stress, both waves can be moved to solve the jam in the other direction or in the same direction. For simplicity, in the figure, the rotary knives 40 . 41 or the counter-knife 62 . 63 . 64 provided with the same reference numerals, since they have the same function. In this regard, both the axis-parallel cutting edge of a counter knife of the left shaft and the axis-parallel counter blade of a knife on the right shaft by the reference numeral 64 Mistake. The receptacle on the mounting flange 32 is prism-shaped, the corresponding base section 42 the associated rotary knife 40 . 41 is formed in its complementary surfaces, so that a force is generated by the inclined to the radius bearing surfaces during operation due to the tangential loading of the Mes sers, which the knife in his seat in the mounting flange 32 centered.

As already described, the shredding device according to the invention has cuboid blocks which are mounted on the side wall and are spaced apart in the axial direction, the distance between two such blocks being greater than the blade thickness, so that they can move through this gap. In this respect, the frontal edges of the outer counter knife blocks act 50 as a stationary outer counter knife 51 . 52 , Also the outer counter knife blocks 50 are like the inner knife block 60 placed approximately diagonally so that they have an edge 55 protrude into the crushing room.

The 4a . 4b show the crushing device according to the invention 1 in a sectional view. In turn, the two parallel shredding waves can be seen 30 on which the rotary knives 40 . 41 about screws 45 are attached. The prismatic seat of the knives in the corresponding receptacle of the mounting flange 32 can be seen. The cutting table, ie the inner counter knife block 60 is cuboid and rests with two contact surfaces 68 . 69 on a traverse that also extends parallel to the waves 70 , You can also see this with the crossbeam 70 fixed scraper plate 71 , which with a complementary trained Abstreifblech 33 at the shredding shaft 30 cooperates to prevent that located between two axially spaced on a shaft knives in the feed material such as wires, ribbons, cords, fibers or long textile residues, etc. wrap around the shaft.

Changing the inner counter knife 62 . 63 . 64 is by simply removing the inner counter knife block 60 and inserting a new one Block achieved. In an embodiment, not shown, this inner counter knife block 60 sequenced, ie it does not extend in one piece parallel to the crushing shaft 30 but in several pieces, so that this facilitates the replacement or selected counter knife sections can be renewed.

From the 4a , b also shows that when occurring on the inner counter knife block 60 directed comminution forces the complementarily formed and abutting contact surfaces 73 . 74 the traverse 70 and the inner counter knife block 60 cooperate so that the seat of the same in the traverse 70 is automatically centered.

The two flat contact surfaces 66 . 67 (please refer 3 ) for the material to be comminuted have in the example given an angle of intersection of 90 °. The breaking edge 61 of the counter knife block lies on the connecting line of the axes of both crushing shafts.

4b just shows the contact of the rotary knife 41 with the associated counter knife 63 at the corresponding opening of the block 60 , Is shown in the illustration at the intersection of rotary blades 41 and associated counter knife 63 a tangent t to the circumference of the rotary knife 41 created, so define this tangent t and the counter knife 63 the so-called action angle α. This action angle α between the rotary blade 41 and the stationary knife is about 130 ° in the described embodiment. Is crushed material between the rotary blade 41 and the counter knife 63 Of course, the angle is even bigger. In this respect, caused by the interaction of the rotary knife 41 with the fixed counter knife 63 For example, in each case a force component along and transverse to the counter knife 63 , In the same way, the interaction of the knives, for example, a force component in the radial direction and in the tangential direction to the rotary blade 41 generated. The interaction of all occurring force components on the comminuted material is ultimately responsible for the comminution process.

As in 4b shown are the outer counter knife blocks 50 also with an edge projecting into the comminution space 55 arranged and by means of a seat 56 and a holding plate 53 on the side panel 24 screwed. The bisector of the cuboid by the edge 55 is in the specified embodiment, approximately perpendicular to the radius vector of the crushing shaft 30 , creating an action angle between the counter knives 51 . 52 (please refer 3 ) and the rotary knives 40 . 41 is set at about 130 °. In that sense, the edge works 55 on the outer counter knife blocks 50 in a reverse rotation of the crushing shaft 30 in a similar way to the crushing process as the edge 61 on the inner counter knife block 60 when the crushing shaft 30 turns in the forward direction. In the latter case, the feed material in the area of the side wall of the rotary blades 40 . 41 detected and in the area of the inner counter knife block 60 transported, where the crushing of the material takes place.

Because the outer counter knife 51 . 52 (please refer 3 ) Experience has shown that not as much as the inner, a simple screw for attaching the outer counter knife sufficient 51 . 52 on the side wall of the device. In addition, also the power of the crushing waves 30 be limited accordingly by suitable control of the drives in the reverse direction.

5 shows the already related to the 4a and 4b illustrated attachment of the inner counter knife block 60 on the with the case 20 firmly connected traverse 70 in a sectional view transverse to the longitudinal direction. The here cuboid inner counter knife block 60 is in a prismatic seat on the crossbar 70 arranged, this by the two also elongated Abstreifbleche 71 is provided at an angle of about 90 ° to each other on the crosshead 70 rest. The here cuboid inner counter knife block 60 lies with its flat contact surfaces 68 . 69 on associated surfaces of the scraper plates 71 on, in turn, over to the former parallel contact surfaces 68 . 69 at the contact surfaces 73 . 74 the traverse 70 support. In the example shown, the contact surfaces 68 . 69 of the inner counter knife block 60 and thus also the bearing surfaces 66 . 67 for the feed material an angle to the horizontal of magnitude about 45 °. Thus, it extends in the longitudinal direction and as a breaking edge 61 acting cutting line between the contact surfaces 66 . 67 pointing upwards towards the crushing room. For fixing the inner counter knife block 60 , Scraping plate 71 and the traverse 70 have these holes corresponding to the described contact surfaces 73 . 74 and 68 . 69 extend vertically, wherein the holes in the inner counter knife block 60 are formed as threaded holes. As in 5 shown, the specified parts by means of bolts 72 , which extend through the corresponding holes, detachably connected to each other. By the described attachment is simultaneously ensured that the Abstreifbleche 71 to the assigned Abstreifblechen 33 at the shredding waves 30 adjusted and held, see for example the 4a and 4b ,

The special design of each on a mounting flange 32 attached rotary knife 40 . 41 is in the 6a . 6b respectively. 7a . 7b shown. The show 6a and 6b the rotary knife 40 which comprises a single cutting tooth in a plan view and in a perspective view. The single knife is made up of one, the actual incisor comprehensive work section 43 and a base section 42 together with which the knife attaches to a mounting flange 32 is releasably attached, see 3 , For this purpose, the base section 42 axially extending holes 46 on, each with female threads in the mounting flange 32 the crushing shaft 30 Correspond and zen by the respective a corresponding Schraubbol 45 is feasible, see 3 , The rotary knife 40 has a wedge-shaped cutting edge in the working area and in the working direction 47 on. The tooth ridge arranged on the circumference of the knife 48 acts with an associated counter knife 64 together, perpendicular to the two parallel to the radius vector of the shaft extending counter knives 62 . 63 extends, see 3 , As already stated above, sits the rotary knife 40 in the area of its base section 42 in a recess of the flange 32 in a form fit. The base section 42 is designed as a ring segment, with respect to the radius of the crushing shaft 30 is adjusted. Both ends of the segment have contact surfaces 49 on, at corresponding contact surfaces of the recess on the mounting flange 32 abut and are designed so that when a tangential force on the knife a force component is generated, which is the crushing shaft 30 extends radially inward and thus centered the knife in his seat. Due to the positive connection between knife and mounting flange 32 at the shredding shaft 30 , that knife is inserted in the axial direction in the recess of the flange, see 3 ,

That in the 7a and 7b illustrated rotary knife 41 with double tooth structure is in the area of the base section 42 same as with respect to the 6a and 6b described rotary knife 40 built up. The only difference is that in the working section 43 mirror-symmetrical two teeth each with a knife tip 44 and a wedge-shaped cutting edge 47 are arranged. In this respect, the rotary knife shows 41 both in the forward movement and in the backward movement of the respective crushing shaft 30 a crushing effect in cooperation with the fixed counter knives.

The described, special cutting table assembly in the crushing device according to the invention, in which an edge of the cutting table projects upwards, has as a consequence that no stable position of feed material is possible, which extends from one wave to the other. Instead the material is always moved to one of the two shafts and then pulled by this and crushed. Furthermore, it is also reliably prevented elongated, flat objects Arrange upright between the two shredding shafts without that these can be collected.

For each Rotary blade results in its associated opening extending parallel to the shaft axis Cutting and breaking edge and two perpendicular to the shaft axis Cutting edges. About that In addition, on each side of the opening are not rectilinear Breaking edges provided. In this respect, the crushing is done by a Combination of different principles of action. Due to the pointed teeth of the Knives on their heads a thorn up with the tip of the rotary blades, a shearing done also with the tip of the rotary knife on the paraxial with the waves running edge of the counter knife blocks and a break between two supports. These supports for the material to be shredded are parallel to the radius vector the wave standing counter knife edges formed on each Side of a rotating knife. This is the breaking triggering Force introduction through the front, parallel to the radius vector extending edge of the rotary knife generated.

1

comminution device

10

hydraulic motor

11 12

camp

20

casing

21

flange

22

To the housing interior directed surface of the side panel

23

face plate

24

Page sheet

25

All-round flange

30

crushing wave

32

mounting flange

33

stripper

40

rotary knife

41

rotary knife

42

base section

43

working section

44

pinch

45

screw

46

drilling

47

cutting edge

48

tooth back

49

contact surface

50

External counter knife blocks in shape of a prism

51 52

against knife

53

Retaining plate

55

edge

56

Seat

60

inner Counter knife block, cutting table device

61

breaking edge

62 63

Perpendicular to the axis of the crushing shaft extending counter blade

64

axially running counter-knife

65

opening

66 67

bearing surface

68 69

contact surface

70

traverse

71

stripper

72

studs

73 74

contact surface

α

action angle

t

tangent

Claims (21)

Crushing device ( 1 ) for comminuting comminuted material such as waste and / or production residues, comprising - a wall structure defining a comminution space, - a drive device which - at least two comminution corrugations arranged in the bottom area of the wall structure ( 30 ), each at its circumference 40 . 41 ), - one between two crushing waves ( 30 ) arranged cutting table device ( 60 ), each with an opening ( 65 ) separate fixed counter-blades ( 62 . 63 ), whereby each rotary knife ( 40 . 41 ) in operation through an associated opening ( 65 ) of the cutting table device extends in sections, and wherein above the fixed counter knife ( 62 . 63 ) the crushing space is formed, characterized in that the cutting table device ( 60 ) a breaking edge projecting into the crushing space ( 61 ), wherein the rotary blades ( 40 . 41 ) of a crushing shaft ( 30 ) associated counter knife ( 62 . 63 ) in the transverse direction to this breaking edge ( 61 ) on one side of the breaking edge ( 61 ), and the rotary knives ( 40 . 41 ) of the other comminution wave ( 30 ) associated counter knife ( 62 . 63 ) in the transverse direction on the other side of the breaking edge ( 61 ) and wherein the rotary knives ( 40 . 41 ) of the two crushing waves ( 30 ) each radially over the breaking edge ( 61 ) of the cutting table device. Crushing device ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the breaking edge ( 61 ) parallel to the two comminution waves ( 30 ). Crushing device ( 1 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cutting table device ( 60 ) two contact surfaces ( 66 . 67 ) is determined for the comminuted material, which is in the above breaking edge ( 61 ), wherein the respective counter-blades of a crushing shaft ( 30 ) at the first contact surface ( 66 ) and the respective counter-blades of the other comminution shaft ( 30 ) on the second bearing surface ( 67 ) are arranged. Crushing device ( 1 ) according to claim 3, characterized in that the bearing surfaces ( 66 . 67 ) of the cutting table device ( 60 ) are substantially planar, wherein the intersection angle of the planes is between 60 ° to 120 °. Crushing device ( 1 ) according to claim 4, characterized in that the intersection angle of the planes is 90 ° and the cutting table device ( 60 ) is arranged such that its projecting breaking edge ( 61 ) in which the two axes of the comminution waves ( 30 ) formed level. Crushing device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that depending Weil in addition to the two through an opening ( 65 ) separated, substantially parallel to each other and approximately perpendicular to the axes of the crushing waves ( 30 ) running counter-knife ( 62 . 63 ) another counter knife ( 64 ) is provided, which at the opening ( 65 ) perpendicular to the other two counter knives ( 62 . 63 ). Crushing device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cutting table device by an elongated, cuboid block ( 60 ) which is used to design the counter-blades ( 62 . 63 . 64 ) each axially spaced openings ( 65 ) having. Crushing device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the cutting table device ( 60 ) on an elongated, parallel to a crushing shaft ( 30 ) Traverse ( 70 ) is releasably attached. Crushing device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the cutting table device ( 60 ) is sequenced in the longitudinal direction. Crushing device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the cutting table device ( 60 ) and the traverse ( 70 ) associated with each other prismatic contact surfaces ( 68 . 69 ; 73 . 74 ) exhibit. Crushing device ( 1 ) after one of the Claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the cutting table device ( 60 ) with the crossbeam ( 70 ) is screwed, wherein a plurality of bores, which axially spaced by the traverse ( 70 ), corresponding to threaded holes in the cutting table device ( 60 ) are arranged. Crushing device ( 1 ) according to claim 11, characterized in that the bores each substantially perpendicular to a prismatic contact surface ( 73 . 74 ; 68 . 69 ) on the crossbeam ( 70 ) or the cutting table device ( 60 ). Crushing device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that on the traverse ( 70 ) axially spaced Abstreifbleche ( 71 ) are arranged, each with an associated, on a crushing shaft ( 30 ) mounted scraper plate ( 33 ) interact. Crushing device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the rotary knives ( 40 . 41 ) in each case in their associated opening ( 65 ) in the cutting table device ( 60 ) are substantially centered. Crushing device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that a crushing shaft ( 30 ) in the axial direction on the circumference radially outwardly extending mounting flanges ( 32 ), each detachable with at least one rotary blade ( 40 . 41 ) are connected. Crushing device ( 1 ) according to claim 15, characterized in that a mounting flange ( 32 ) at least one fastening receptacle in the form of an axially extending recess for receiving a rotary knife ( 40 . 41 ), whereby the rotary knife ( 40 . 41 ) a base section ( 42 ) and a working section ( 43 ) and the base section ( 42 ) with the fastening receptacle of the flange ( 32 ) when tangential forces occur on the rotary knife ( 40 . 41 ) is in a positive connection. Crushing device ( 1 ) according to claim 16, characterized in that the fastening receptacle and the base section ( 42 ) of a rotary knife ( 40 . 41 ) have such complementary contact surfaces that when tangential forces occur on the rotary blade ( 40 . 41 ) a radial inward force on the rotary blade ( 40 . 41 ) is producible. Crushing device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that on a mounting flange ( 32 ) each two circumferentially spaced rotary blades ( 40 . 41 ) are arranged, wherein a rotary blade ( 40 . 41 ) two circumferentially spaced teeth and the other rotary knife ( 40 . 41 ) has a single tooth. Crushing device ( 1 ) according to claim 18, characterized in that the rotary knife ( 41 ) is formed with a double tooth structure to a plane comprising a radius vector and an axial vector mirror image. Crushing device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that on the wall structure and parallel to a crushing shaft ( 30 ) an outer cutting table is arranged, which consists of a plurality of spaced, in the axial direction successively arranged outer counter knife blocks in the form of a prism ( 50 ). Crushing device ( 1 ) according to claim 20, characterized in that the rotary knives ( 40 . 41 ) of the adjacent crushing shaft ( 30 ) through the gaps between the outer counter knife blocks ( 50 ) and a counter knife ( 51 . 52 ) by one edge ( 55 ) is provided on the front side of a prism.