EP1575708B1 - Grinding machine for all kinds of material, e.g. waste or wood - Google Patents

Abstract

Comminuting machine comprises comminuting tools (3) having at least two cutting regions in a direction of rotation of a shaft (2). At least one inner cutting region with a relatively small lever arm traps and comminutes more material. At least one outer cutting region with a relatively large lever arm traps and comminutes less material. The contours of both cutting regions form a circle about the shaft axis in the direction of the shaft axis. The comminuting machine also comprises rigid cutting tools (4) having several saw-like teeth with two tooth flanks (4.3) arranged at an angle to each other and cooperating in a cutting manner with one of the cutting regions. In each early active cutting position, a tip of the comminuting tools forming a first chisel edge (3.4) is offset parallel to a tip of a tooth of the rigid cutting tools forming a second chisel edge (4.4) and directed so that it moves past in a cutting manner so that in addition to the cutting forces produced between the cutting regions of the comminuting tools and the cutting edges of the rigid cutting tools, a breaking edge parallel to the shaft axis is maintained with a notch effect offset parallel to the material (5) and a specifically high force. The material is exposed to an active and additional comminuting process under aggressive participation of the teeth of the rigid cutting tools.

Description

Field of application of the invention

The invention relates to a crushing machine for material of any kind, for. B. waste, such as household waste and bulky waste or wood, comprising a housing provided in a receptacle for the material, at least one driven shaft, are provided on the crushing tools and arranged in the housing rigid cutting tools as counter tools for crushing tools for crushing the material with the in the preamble of claim 1 specified features.

State of the art

Such crushers have become known under the name "ripper".

According to the synopsis of the prior art, it is possible to assemble a device having the feature groups described below for the shredding machine, which is initially only generically outlined.

According to EP 0 521 081 B1, the comminution tools are known to consist of U-shaped knives lying in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shafts and uniformly along and around two substantially parallel and horizontal shafts driven by a motor which can drive the shafts in opposite directions and which have a mutual distance which is slightly greater than twice the distance between the radial outside point of a blade and the axis of rotation. The drive devices are provided between the motor and the shafts.

The material is fed to the knives through a shaft arranged above the knives. These knives cooperate with knives fixedly mounted between the shafts on a portion of the frame of the material shredding device as the shafts rotate in opposite directions, thereby moving the cut edge of the sheets at the top of the fixed knives towards each other.

For this purpose, as also known from the prior art, the mutual distance between the two waves a fixed distance.

The drive means also comprise, as previously known, a suitable transmission for each of the two shafts, a hydraulic motor with adjustable rotational speeds for operating each shaft, an adjustable pump for supplying each hydraulic motor and transmission through which the motor operates the pumps, which transmits the flow reversing the hydraulic motors to rotate each shaft individually forward and backward in accordance with a predetermined sequence.

As essential now is to be inferred from the invention according to EP 0 521 081 B1 that each knife comprises two successively arranged and substantially U-shaped blades, that the radially outer and front parts of the two leaves, seen in the direction of rotation of the cutting movement of the knife are constructed as substantially tangentially oriented wedges, that the distance between the axis of rotation and the wedge of the front blade is shorter than the distance between the axis of rotation and the wedge of the succeeding blade and that the radially outer contour of the succeeding blade substantially a segment of a spiral line around the axis of rotation corresponds.

For this purpose, the features of the same type comminution machine according to EP 0 928 222 B1 can be supplemented in functional combination in order to obtain a functioning unit.

Accordingly, the fixed knives are formed by a prior art cutting table fixed to the bottom of a funnel with at least one set; arranged parallel lower knife, which are separated from each other by openings through the table.

Furthermore, in a known manner at least one rotatable shaft of a drive unit is provided, which shaft is arranged above the cutting table in a direction which extends perpendicular to the lower blades.

Finally, there are known to be a number of disc-shaped upper knives mounted on the shaft, each knife being provided with a number of teeth and extending partially downwardly into each of its openings in the table. Each opening is wider than the associated upper knife, which is also located near one of the lower knives in the associated opening.

According to the invention disclosed there, it is essential that the lower knives extend in a direction intersecting the axis of the shaft or a region around it, it being assumed for this embodiment that according to DK 169 378 a cutting table is already known whose plane already extends below the shaft.

In this case, a set of several blades is arranged on each side of the shaft, the arrangement of which form a V or an inverted V to each other.

The respective cutting edges may be curved or wave-shaped.

Due to the design improvement according to EP 0 928 222 B1 of the cutting table divided into knives, in which the plane of the cutting table intersects the axis of the shaft, the material is to be comminuted with an advantageous cutting angle of approximately 90 °.

• die auf der Welle angebrachten Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge in ihrer Stabilität gefährdet sind,
• der Zerkleinerungsprozess durch die feststehenden Messer in seiner Effektivität begrenzt ist,
• der Durchsatz infolge der das Material wegdrückenden Wirkung der Form der Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge auf der Welle im Zusammenspiel mit den feststehenden Messern nicht steigerbar ist und
• der Energieverbrauch der Maschine relativ hoch ist.

Despite the well-proven function, a comminution machine for materials such as organic waste, bulky waste or the like thus composed according to the documented prior art still has disadvantages which, in particular, consist in that

• the crushing tools mounted on the shaft are endangered in their stability,
• the crushing process is limited in its effectiveness by the fixed knives,
• the throughput due to the material wegdrückenden effect of the shape of the crushing tools on the shaft in combination with the fixed blades is not increasable and
• the energy consumption of the machine is relatively high.

Presentation of the invention

• eine in einem Gehäuse vorgesehene Aufnahme für das Material,
• mindestens eine Welle, auf der Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge angeordnet sind,
• im Gehäuse angebrachte starre Schneidwerkzeuge, deren Schneidkanten in ihrer Verlängerung gerade nicht die Achse der Welle oder einen Bereich um die Achse herum schneiden, gegen welche starren Schneidwerkzeuge die Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge der Welle das aufgegebene Material schneiden.
  Damit soll im Zusammenspiel der in beiden Drehrichtungen wirkenden Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge mit den starren Schneidwerkzeugen der Abfall stets differenziert erfasst, gefördert und fixiert gegen die starren Schneidwerkzeuge mit spezifisch geringen Kräften zerkleinert werden.
  Einerseits muss die Zerkleinerungsmaschine für die Herstellung, den Betrieb, die Wartung und Reparatur in dafür geeignete Baugruppen gestaltet werden und andererseits für die Bedingungen des Zerkleinerungsprozesses steuerbar sein.
  Im Ergebnis der zu lösenden Aufgabe sind
• die Stabilität der Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge der Welle zu erhöhen,
• der Zerkleinerungsgrad durch konstruktive Veränderung der starren Schneidwerkzeuge zu steigern,
• die Durchsatzleistung der Maschine zu erhöhen,
• der Energieverbrauch der Maschine zu senken,
• die Zerkleinerbarkeit von insbesondere duktileren, nicht sprödbrüchigen Materialien wie z. B. Plastik und Plastikfolien zu fördern und
• das im Aufnahmebereich vorliegende und direkt zu zerkleinernde Material den verfügbaren Schneidgeometrien vollständig zuzuführen

und diese Ziele als gegenüber dem Stand der Technik in ihrer Gesamtheit wirkende Vorteile zu erfüllen.The invention has set itself the task of a crushing machine for material of any kind, eg. As waste, such as household and bulky waste or wood, especially organic waste, bulky waste, such as refrigerators, tires, furniture, carpets, mattresses, tree stumps, demolition wood or the like materials to provide that includes

• a housing provided in a housing for the material,
• at least one shaft on which comminution tools are arranged,
• mounted in the housing rigid cutting tools whose cutting edges just do not cut the axis of the shaft or an area around the axis in their extension, against which rigid cutting tools the crushing tools of the shaft cut the discontinued material.
  In order for the waste to be always detected differentiated, promoted and fixed against the rigid cutting tools with specific low forces in the interaction of acting in both directions crushing tools with the rigid cutting tools.
  On the one hand, the crusher for manufacturing, operation, maintenance and repair must be designed in suitable assemblies and on the other hand controllable for the conditions of the crushing process.
  As a result of the problem to be solved
• to increase the stability of the crushing tools of the shaft,
• to increase the degree of comminution by constructive modification of the rigid cutting tools,
• to increase the throughput of the machine,
• to reduce the energy consumption of the machine,
• the comminution of particularly ductile, non-brittle materials such. B. to promote plastic and plastic films and
• to completely feed the material available in the receiving area and directly to be comminuted to the available cutting geometries

and to accomplish these goals as advantages over the prior art in their entirety.

1. a) die Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge in jeweils einer Drehrichtung der Welle und in deren Querschnitt gesehen mindestens zwei Schneidenbereiche aufweist, von denen mindestens ein innerer Schneidenbereich mehr zu zerkleinerndes Material erfassen und zerkleinern kann und dafür einen relativ kleinen Hebelarm besitzt, sowie mindestens ein äußerer Schneidenbereich weniger zu zerkleinerndes Material erfassen und zerkleinern kann und dafür einen relativ großen Hebelarm besitzt, wobei die Schneidenkonturen beider Schneidenbereiche in Richtung der Achse der Welle einen Kreisbogen um die Achse der Welle bilden,
2. b) die starren Schneidwerkzeuge mehrere sägeartig angeordnete Zähne aufweisen und somit zwei im Winkel zueinander stehende Zahnflanken der Zähne mit einem der Schneidenbereiche zusammenarbeiten,
3. c) in jeder beginnenden wirksamen Schneidstellung eine, eine erste Querschneide bildende Spitze der Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge gegen eine, eine zweite Querschneide bildende Spitze eines Zahnes der starren Schneidwerkzeuge parallelversetzt und vorbeischneidend gerichtet ist, wodurch die neben der zwischen dem Schneidenbereichen der Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge und den Schneidkanten der starren Schneidwerkzeuge erzeugten Schneidkräfte eine zusätzliche sowie parallel zur Achse der Welle gerichtete Brechkante mit auf das Material parallelversetzter Kerbwirkung und spezifisch hoch wirkender Kraft erhalten ist und
4. d) das Material unter aggressiver Teilnahme der Zähne der starren Schneidwerkzeuge einem aktiven und zusätzlichen Zerkleinerungsvorgang unterworfen ist.

This is achieved according to the invention in that

1. a) the crushing tools seen in each case a direction of rotation of the shaft and in its cross section has at least two cutting areas, of which at least one inner cutting area can detect and crush more material to be shredded and has a relatively small lever arm, and at least one outer cutting area less to shred Gripping and chopping material and having a relatively large lever arm, the cutting contours of both cutting regions in the direction of the axis of the shaft forming a circular arc about the axis of the shaft,
2. b) the rigid cutting tools have a plurality of serrated teeth and thus cooperate two mutually angled tooth flanks of the teeth with one of the cutting areas,
3. c) in each beginning effective cutting position, a, forming a first transverse cutting tip of the crushing tools against a, a second transverse cutting edge forming tip of a tooth of the rigid cutting tools is offset parallel and vorbeischneidend, whereby the cutting forces generated in addition to the between the cutting areas of the crushing tools and the cutting edges of the rigid cutting tools an additional and parallel to the axis of the shaft refractive edge with the material parallel offset notch effect and specific high-acting Power is received and
4. d) the material is subjected to an active and additional comminution process with aggressive participation of the teeth of the rigid cutting tools.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the crushing tools are offset in the axial direction on the shaft to each other or arranged at a different radial distance, and accordingly the teeth are arranged on the rigid cutting tools, which cutters run as a so-called slab.

Furthermore, the shaft has discs on which the comminution tools are arranged or formed. These crushing tools work, meshing with the teeth between the spaced-apart rigid cutting tools of the slab.

In order to mount the shaft cheap and dismantle, it has on both sides pins, which are detachably connected to the shaft and possibly form a storage area. In this case, the connection can be designed so that it takes place by means of flanges.

The housing is made double-walled on the end faces, and between them is a labyrinthine sealing against material outlet provided with a shaft plate provided, which may be conveniently formed by the flanges.

The cutting contours of the serrated teeth of the rigid cutting tools can be formed by wear elements z. B. are interchangeable.

• Steigerung des Zerkleinerungsgrades,
• Erhöhung der Durchsatzleistung und
• Senkung des Energieverbrauchs

zur Verbesserung des Wirkungsgrades der Zerkleinerungsmaschine wird noch zur weiteren Optimierung des Zerkleinerungsprozesses eine Steuerung verwendet, die ihre Führungsgrößen von mindestens einem Gradienten eines Parameters des Zerkleinerungsprozesses erhält.In support of resulting from the effects of the invention advantages such. B.

• Increase in the degree of comminution,
• Increase in throughput and
• Reduction of energy consumption

In order to improve the efficiency of the comminution machine, a controller is used to further optimize the comminution process, which receives its reference variables of at least one gradient of a parameter of the comminution process.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1

eine längstgeschnittene Seitenansicht der Zerkleinerungsmaschine,

Fig. 2

eine Draufsicht nach Figur 1,

Fig. 3

den Querschnitt entsprechend den Figuren 1 und 2 in vereinfachter Darstellung der erfindungswesentlichen Merkmale der Phasen des Wirkungsprinzips der Erfindung zwischen den Zerkleinerungswerkzeugen und den starren Schneidwerkzeugen in der Arbeitsphase des aufgegebenen und noch nicht zerkleinerten Materials,

Fig. 4:

den Querschnitt analog zu Figur 3 in der Arbeitsphase des begonnenen Zerkleinerungsprozesses und

Fig. 5:

den Querschnitt analog zu den Figuren 3 und 4 in der Arbeitsphase der weiteren Zerkleinerung.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment. In the drawings show:

Fig. 1

a long-cut side view of the crusher,

Fig. 2

a plan view of Figure 1,

Fig. 3

the cross-section according to Figures 1 and 2 in a simplified representation of the invention essential features of the phases of the principle of action of the invention between the crushing tools and the rigid cutting tools in the working phase of the discontinued and not yet crushed material,

4:

the cross section similar to Figure 3 in the working phase of the crushing process started and

Fig. 5:

the cross section analogous to Figures 3 and 4 in the working phase of further crushing.

Best way to carry out the invention

According to FIGS. 1 and 2, a shredder according to the invention for household waste, bulky waste or wood consists of a housing 1 with two shafts 2 driven in opposite directions. Discs 2.1 are arranged on the shafts 2 and have comminuting tools 3. These comminution tools are arranged at a distance from each other on the shafts 2 in such a way that, in cooperation with rigid cutting tools 4, which run in the axial direction of the shafts 2 as a slab, they operate in a parallel offset and crush a material 5 fed in via a receptacle 1.2 in a cutting manner.

Compared to the known state of the art, it is essential for the technical requirement of the comminution machine that imaginary extensions of the cutting edges 4.1 (FIGS. 3 to 5) of the rigid cutting tools 4 do not intersect the axis of the shafts 2 or regions around the axis.

This requirement is aimed at that, in interaction with the comminution tools 3 with the rigid cutting tools 4, the material 5 can be differentially detected, conveyed and fixed in a manner that can be comminuted against the rigid cutting tools 4 with specific low forces. This means that the efficiency of the comminution machine is significantly increased with respect to the comminution process in comparison to the conventional breakers.

According to FIGS. 3 to 5, the comminuting tools 3 have, in each case a direction of rotation of the shafts 2 and in their cross section, two cutting areas 3.1, 3.2, which are designed such that the stability of the comminution tools 3 is not jeopardized.

An inner cutting area 3.1 detects more material to be comminuted 5 and acts with a relatively small lever arm and an outer cutting area 3.2 detects less material to be shredded 5 and acts with a relatively large lever arm. The contours 3.3 of said cutting areas 3.1, 3.2 in the direction of the axes of the shafts 2 each describe a concentric arc around the shafts 2.

In the beginning, with this structural design, the prerequisite is given to use the available forces more effectively than before for the comminution process of the respective material and differentiated.

In functional correspondence thereto, the rigid cutting tools 4 have a plurality of saw-toothed teeth 4.2. Thus, two mutually perpendicular tooth flanks 4.3 of the teeth 4.2 cooperate with at least one of the cutting areas 3.1, 3.2 in such a way that the respective material 5 is always clamped and notched and cut in its entirety by the available edges of the cutting edges.

Functionally merging with this effect is added that in each incipient, becoming effective cutting position one, a respective first cross cutting 3.4 forming tip of the crushing tools 3 against a, a respective second cross cutting edge 4.4 forming tip of a tooth 4.2 of the rigid cutting tools 4 is parallel offset and vorbeischneidend , As a result, the cutting forces generated or acting in addition to the cutting areas 3.1, 3.2 of the comminuting tools 3 and the cutting edges 4.1 of the rigid cutting tools 4 receive an additional crushing edge directed parallel to the axis of the shaft 2 and having a notch effect and offset parallel to the respective piece of material 5 high-acting force.

This combination of features thus subjecting the material 5 to an active and additional comminution process with aggressive participation of the teeth 4.2 of the rigid cutting tools 4.

• die Stabilität der Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge 3 erhöht,
• der Zerkleinerungsgrad und die Durchsatzleistung gesteigert,
• der Energieverbrauch gesenkt

und letztlich der Zerkleinerungsprozess eines "Zerreißers" gefördert werden.Concluding to the raised requirements and the stated object according to the invention, this comminution machine is better suited to the types of material 5 outlined in the shredding practice of the beginning

• increases the stability of the comminution tools 3,
• the degree of comminution and the throughput increased,
• reduced energy consumption

and ultimately promote the crushing process of a "ripper".

• Entsprechend Figur 3 ist schematisch dargestellt, wie die mit unterschiedlichen Hebelarmen wirkenden Schneidenbereiche 3.1, 3.2 das Material 5 in unterschiedlichen Volumina erfassen und auf den starren Schneidwerkzeugen 4 zwischen die Zahnflanken 4.3 so verteilen können, dass die Zerkleinerung optimal vorbereitet ist.
• Mit der Figur 4 wird deutlich wie in funktioneller Verschmelzung einerseits der Wirkungen der Schneidenbereiche 3.1, 3.2 gegen die Schneidkanten 4.1 das in den Zahnflanken 4.3 eingeklemmte Material 5 geschnitten und andererseits den korrespondierenden Wirkungen der ersten Querschneiden 3.4 mit den zweiten Querschneiden 4.4 und dem zusätzlichen Brechkanteneffekt ausgesetzt ist.
• Schließlich zeigt Figur 5 insbesondere die Phase, in der die äußeren Schneidenbereiche 3.2 mit dem großen Hebelarm und dem weniger erfassten Material 5 gegen die starren Schneidwerkzeuge 4 wirken.

The improved effects of the comminuting machine according to the invention can be seen from FIGS. 3 to 5 in three phases illustrated:

• Corresponding to Figure 3 is shown schematically how the acting with different lever arms cutting areas 3.1, 3.2 detect the material 5 in different volumes and can distribute on the rigid cutting tools 4 between the tooth flanks 4.3 so that the crushing is optimally prepared.
• With the figure 4 is clearly as in functional fusion on the one hand, the effects of the cutting edges 3.1, 3.2 against the cutting edges 4.1 cut the trapped in the tooth flanks 4.3 material 5 and on the other hand exposed the corresponding effects of the first transverse cutting 3.4 with the second cross cutting 4.4 and the additional refractive edge effect is.
• Finally, FIG. 5 particularly shows the phase in which the outer cutting areas 3.2 with the large lever arm and the less sensed material 5 act against the rigid cutting tools 4.

While retaining the active principle according to the invention and this further supportive, according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the comminution tools 3 are arranged radially offset relative to one another on the shafts 2 in the axial direction. Not shown in the figures, the possibility that the crushing tools 3 in a different angular position on the shaft 2, ie axially in the cutting profile, z. B. tapered, are arranged. Accordingly, the teeth 4.2 of the axially extending as a slab rigid cutting tools 4 are to be arranged.

The technologically favorable design for the manufacture, operation, maintenance and repair of the crushing machine according to the invention is achieved with the features further illustrated in Figure 1. For this purpose, the shafts 2 pin 2.2 with a storage area at the ends. The connection between the pin 2.2 and the shaft 2 by means of flanges 2.3.

For operation in the field, it is important to support optimal comminution and reliability of the crusher that no material 5 penetrates components to be sealed against each other. Therefore, the housing 1 is designed according to Figure 1 at the end faces with a double wall 1.1, in which the pins 2.2 or ends of the shaft 2 have a sealing disc 2.4, which forms a sealing labyrinth with the double wall 1.1. Technologically advantageous, the sealing disc 2.4 is formed by the flanges 2.3.

To protect the rigid cutting tools 4 against wear, it is favorable, as indicated in Figures 3 to 5, to equip the cutting contours 4.5 with wear elements 4.6.

Industrial Applicability

In the entirety of the claimed features, a crushing machine according to the invention can optimally meet the increased requirements for the comminution of material of the described types, to which means are provided, which detects the gradient of a parameter of the comminution machine and as a reference variable for the control of the comminution machine is used.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 =

casing

1.1 =

double wall

1.2 =

Recording for material

2 =

wave

2.1 =

disc

2.2 =

spigot

2.3. =

flange

2.4 =

sealing washer

3 =

chopping tool

3.1 =

inner cutting area, small lever arm

3.2 =

outer cutting area, large lever arm

3.3 =

contour

3.4 =

first chisel edge

4 =

rigid cutting tool

4.1 =

cutting edge

4.2 =

tooth

4.3 =

tooth flank

4.4 =

second transverse cutting edge

4.5 =

cut contour

4.6 =

wear member

5 =

material

Claims (12)

1. A comminution machine materials of all kinds, e.g. garbage, such as domestic waste, bulk waste or wood, particularly organic waste or bulky waste, such as refrigerators, tyres, furniture, carpets, mattresses, tree stumps, demolition wood or similar materials, including

   - a receptacle for the materials (5) disposed in a housing (1)

   - at least one shaft (2) that is supported in the housing (1), is rotatable in both directions and on which comminution tools are disposed,

   - rigid cutting tools (4) attached in the housing, the cutting edges (4.1) of which when extended do not intersect the axis of the shaft (2) or an area surrounding the axis, and against which rigid cutting tools (4) the comminution tools of the shaft (2) reduce the materials (5) introduced, wherein

   in conjunction with the crushing tools (3) of the shaft (2) the materials (5) are grasped according to type, transported and fixed against the rigid cutting tools (4), and reduced with specifically low forces,
   characterised in that

   a) the comminution tools (3) are furnished with at least two cutting areas (3.1, 3.2) in each direction of rotation of the shaft (2) and viewed in the cross section thereof, and of which at least one inner cutting area (3.1) can grasp and reduce material (5) that is to be reduced to a greater degree, and has a relatively small lever arm for this purpose, and at least one outer cutting area (3.2) can grasp and reduce material (5) that is to be reduced to a lesser degree, and has a relatively large lever arm for this purpose, wherein the contours (3.3) of both cutting areas (3.1, 3.2) form a circular arc about the axis of the shaft (2) in the direction of the axis of the shaft (2),

   b) the rigid cutting tools (4) are furnished with a plurality of teeth (4.2) arranged in the manner of a saw so that the tooth flanks (4.3.) of two teeth (4.2) set at an angle to one another work together with one of the cutting areas (3.1, 3.2) for a cutting effect,

   c) at the beginning of each effective cutting position a tip of the comminution tool (3) forming a first cross cutting surface (3.4) is facing offset and parallel towards a tip of the tooth (4.2) on the rigid cutting tool (4) forming a second cross cutting surface (4.4) to produce a shearing cutting action, so that the cutting forces generated in addition to the force between the cutting areas (3.1, 3.2) of the comminution tools (3) and the cutting surfaces (4.1) of the rigid cutting tools (4) create an additional crushing edge that works parallel to the axis of the shaft (2) with a force concentration offset and parallel to the material (5) and specific, very powerful force, and

   d) the material (5) is subjected to an active, additional comminution process with the aggressive involvement of the teeth (4.2) of the rigid cutting tools (4).
2. The comminution machine in accordance with claim 1,
   characterised in that
   the angular settings of the comminution tools (3) on the shaft (2) are axially offset relative to one another.
3. The comminution machine in accordance with either of claims 1 or 2,
   characterised in that
   the comminution tools (3) are arranged at different radial distances from the axis of the shaft (2).
4. The comminution machine in accordance with any of claims 1 to 3,
   characterised in that
   the cutting surface contours (4.5) of the teeth (4.2) of the rigid cutting tools (4) run parallel and axially offset in the manner of a steel slab and at the beginning of each effective cutting position least one of the first cross cutting surfaces (3.4) is facing towards one of the second cross cutting surfaces (4.4) in each case to create a parallel, offset cutting action.
5. The comminution machine in accordance with any of claims 1 to 4,
   characterised in that
   the shaft (2) is furnished with discs (2.1) on which the comminution tools (3) are arranged or conformed, and which have a meshing action in the spaces between the rigid cutting tools (4) extending on the steel slab and have a cutting action against them.
6. The comminution machine in accordance with any of claims 1 to 5,
   characterised in that
   the shaft (2) is furnished with studs (2.2), which are detachably connected to the shaft (2).
7. The comminution machine in accordance with any of claims 1 to 6,
   characterised in that
   the studs (2.2) form a bearing area.
8. The comminution machine in accordance with any of claims 1 to 7,
   characterised in that
   the connection between the studs (2.2) and the shaft (2) is created via flanges (2.3).
9. The comminution machine in accordance with any of claims 1 to 8,
   characterised in that
   the housing (1) is constructed on the frontal surfaces as a double wall (1.1), and a seal disc (2.4) attached to the shaft (2) is provided in the cavity therebetween, thus creating a form of serpentine seal.
10. The comminution machine in accordance with any of claims 1 to 9,
    characterised in that
    the seal disc (2.4) is formed by the flanges (2.3).
11. The comminution machine in accordance with any of claims 1 to 10,
    characterised in that
    cutting contours (4.5) of the rigid cutting tools (4) are reinforced by wear elements (4.6).
12. The comminution machine in accordance with any of claims 1 to 11,
    characterised in that
    means are provided for optimising the comminution process, with which the gradient of a parameter of the comminution process or of the comminution machine is recorded and used as a reference variable for control unit of the comminution machine.

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