EP1575708A1 - Grinding machine for all kinds of material, e.g. waste or wood - Google Patents

Grinding machine for all kinds of material, e.g. waste or wood

Info

Publication number
EP1575708A1
EP1575708A1 EP03775058A EP03775058A EP1575708A1 EP 1575708 A1 EP1575708 A1 EP 1575708A1 EP 03775058 A EP03775058 A EP 03775058A EP 03775058 A EP03775058 A EP 03775058A EP 1575708 A1 EP1575708 A1 EP 1575708A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cutting
tools
shaft
rigid
shredding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03775058A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1575708B1 (en
Inventor
Bernhard Kock
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Metso Lindemann GmbH
Original Assignee
Metso Lindemann GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metso Lindemann GmbH filed Critical Metso Lindemann GmbH
Publication of EP1575708A1 publication Critical patent/EP1575708A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1575708B1 publication Critical patent/EP1575708B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
    • B02C18/182—Disc-shaped knives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/142—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with two or more inter-engaging rotatable cutter assemblies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
    • B02C2018/188—Stationary counter-knives; Mountings thereof

Definitions

  • Shredding machine for material of any kind, e.g. B. waste or wood
  • the invention relates to a shredder for material of any kind, for. B. waste, such as household waste and bulky waste or wood, comprising a receptacle provided for the material in a housing, at least one driven shaft on which comminution tools are provided and rigid cutting tools arranged in the housing as counter-tools for the comminution tools for comminuting the material.
  • waste such as household waste and bulky waste or wood
  • the comminution tools are known to be formed from U-shaped knives which lie in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation for the shafts and which are uniformly along and around two essentially parallel and horizontal shafts which are driven by a motor , which can drive the shafts in opposite directions, and which have a mutual distance which is slightly larger than twice the distance between the radial outer point of a knife and the axis of rotation.
  • the drive devices are provided between the motor and the shafts.
  • the material is fed to the knives through a shaft arranged above the knives. These knives cooperate with knives fixed between the shafts on part of the frame of the material crushing device when the shafts rotate in opposite directions, thereby moving the cutting edge of the blades on the top of the fixed knives towards each other.
  • the drive means also include, in a known manner, a suitable transmission for each of the two shafts, a hydraulic motor with adjustable rotational speeds for operating each shaft, an adjustable pump for supplying each hydraulic motor and transmission through which the motor operates the pumps which flow through the hydraulic motors are able to reverse to individually rotate each shaft back and forth according to a predetermined sequence.
  • each knife comprises two essentially U-shaped blades arranged one behind the other, that the radially outer and front parts of the two blades, viewed in the direction of rotation of the cutting movement of the knives , are constructed as essentially tangentially oriented wedges, that the distance between the axis of rotation and the wedge of the front blade is shorter than the distance between the axis of rotation and the wedge of the subsequent blade and that the radially outer contour of the subsequent blade is essentially a segment of a corresponds to a spiral line around the axis of rotation.
  • the fixed knives are formed by a known cutting table which is arranged on the bottom of a funnel with at least one set of fixed, parallel lower knives, which are separated from one another by openings through the table.
  • At least one rotatable shaft of a drive unit is provided, which shaft is arranged above the cutting table in a direction that extends perpendicular to the lower knives.
  • each knife having a number of teeth and partially extending down into each of its openings in the table.
  • Each opening is wider than the associated upper knife, which is also located near one of the lower knives in the associated opening.
  • the lower knives extend in a direction that intersects the axis of the shaft or a region around it, with this embodiment assuming that a cutting table is already known in accordance with DK 169 378 whose level already extends below the wave.
  • a set of several knives is arranged on each side of the shaft, the arrangement of which forms a V or an inverted V with respect to one another.
  • the respective cutting edges can be curved or wavy.
  • a shredder for materials such as organic waste, bulky waste or the like which has been put together and described above in accordance with the documented prior art, still has disadvantages, despite its proven function, which consist in particular in that
  • the stability of the shredding tools attached to the shaft is compromised, the effectiveness of the shredding process is limited by the fixed knives, the throughput cannot be increased due to the effect of the shape of the shredding tools on the shaft, in interaction with the fixed knives, and the The machine's energy consumption is relatively high.
  • the invention has for its object a crushing machine for material of any kind, for.
  • waste such as household waste and bulky waste or wood, in particular organic waste, bulky waste, such as refrigerators, tires, furniture, carpets, mattresses, tree stumps, demolition wood or similar materials, which includes
  • a receptacle provided in a housing for the material, at least one shaft on which comminution tools are arranged, rigid cutting tools attached in the housing, the cutting edges of which, in their extension, do not intersect the axis of the shaft or an area around the axis against which rigid cutting tools the shaft crushing tools cut the material being fed.
  • the shredding machine for production, operation, maintenance and repair must be designed in suitable assemblies, and on the other hand it must be controllable for the conditions of the shredding process.
  • the comminution tools in each case in a direction of rotation of the shaft and in its cross section has at least two cutting areas, of which at least one inner cutting area can grasp and shred more material and therefore has a relatively small lever arm, and at least one outer cutting area less to shredding Can grasp and shred material and has a relatively large lever arm, the cutting contours of both cutting areas in the direction of the axis of the shaft form a circular arc around the axis of the shaft, b) the rigid cutting tools have several saw-like teeth and thus two at an angle to each other Tooth flanks of the teeth work with one of the cutting areas, c) in each effective cutting position that begins, a tip of the shredding tools forming a first cross cutting edge against a second cross cutting edge Forming tip of a tooth of the rigid cutting tools is offset in parallel and directed past, whereby in addition to the cutting forces generated between the cutting areas of the shredding tools and the cutting edges of the rigid cutting tools, an additional breaking edge directed parallel to the axis of the shaft with
  • the comminution tools are offset from one another in the axial direction on the shaft or are arranged at a different radial distance, the teeth also correspondingly being arranged on the rigid cutting tools, which cutting tools run as so-called slabs.
  • the shaft has disks on which the comminution tools are arranged or formed. These comminution tools work with the teeth, intermeshing between the rigid cutting tools of the slab arranged at a distance.
  • the shaft In order to be able to assemble and disassemble the shaft cheaply, it has pins on both sides, which are detachably connected to the shaft and possibly form a bearing area.
  • the connection can be designed so that it is made using flanges.
  • the housing is double-walled on the end faces, and in between a labyrinth-like seal against material leakage, a disk connected to the shaft is provided, which can expediently be formed by the flanges.
  • the cutting contours of the saw-like teeth of the rigid cutting tools can be formed by wear elements which, for. B. are interchangeable.
  • a control is used to further optimize the comminution process, which receives its command variables from at least one gradient of a parameter of the comminution process.
  • FIG. 1 shows a top view according to FIG. 1
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 shows the cross section corresponding to FIGS. 1 and 2 in a simplified representation of the features essential to the invention of the phases of the operating principle of the invention between the comminution tools and the rigid cutting tools in the working phase of the material which has been fed in and has not yet been comminuted,
  • a comminution machine for domestic waste, bulky waste or wood, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, consists of a housing 1 with two counter-driven shafts 2 mounted therein. On the shafts 2, disks 2.1 are arranged which have comminution tools 3. These crushing tools are arranged at a distance from one another on the shafts 2 in such a way that they work in parallel with one another in cooperation with rigid cutting tools 4, which run as a slab in the axial direction of the shafts 2, and shred a material 5 that is fed in via a receptacle 1.2.
  • the comminution tools 3 each have a cutting area 3.1, 3.2 in a direction of rotation of the shafts 2 and in their cross-section, which are designed such that the stability of the comminution tools 3 is not endangered.
  • An inner cutting area 3.1 captures more material 5 to be comminuted and acts with a relatively small lever arm
  • an outer cutting region 3.2 captures less material 5 to be comminuted and acts with a relatively large lever arm.
  • the contours 3.3 of said cutting areas 3.1, 3.2 each describe a concentric circular arc around the shafts 2 in the direction of the axes of the shafts 2.
  • the rigid cutting tools 4 have a plurality of teeth 4.2 arranged in a saw-like manner.
  • two tooth flanks 4.3 of the teeth 4.2 which are at an angle to one another work together with at least one of the cutting edge regions 3.1, 3.2 in such a way that the respective material 5 is always clamped in and is notched and cut all around by the available edges of the cutting edges.
  • this comminution machine does better justice to the types of material 5 outlined in the comminution practice in that
  • FIG. 3 it is shown schematically how the cutting areas 3.1, 3.2 acting with different lever arms can grasp the material 5 in different volumes and distribute it on the rigid cutting tools 4 between the tooth flanks 4.3 in such a way that the comminution is optimally prepared.
  • FIG. 5 shows in particular the phase in which the outer cutting areas 3.2, with the large lever arm and the less captured material 5, act against the rigid cutting tools 4.
  • the comminution tools 3 are arranged radially offset from one another in the axial direction on the shafts 2 in accordance with FIGS. Not shown in the figures is the possibility that the crushing tools 3 in a different angular position on the shaft 2, ie axially in the cutting profile, for. B. tapered are arranged. Accordingly, the teeth 4.2 of the rigid cutting tools 4, which run axially as a slab, are also to be arranged.
  • the technologically favorable design for the manufacture, operation, maintenance and repair of the comminution machine according to the invention is achieved with the features further shown in FIG. 1.
  • the shafts have 2 pins 2.2 with a bearing area at the ends. The connection between the pin 2.2 and the shaft 2 is made by means of flanges 2.3.
  • the housing 1 is designed according to Figure 1 on the end faces with a double wall 1.1, in which the pins 2.2 or ends of the shaft 2 have a sealing washer 2.4, which forms a sealing labyrinth with the double wall 1.1.
  • the sealing washer 2.4 is formed by the flanges 2.3.
  • a comminution machine designed according to the invention can optimally meet the increased requirements for comminution of material of the types described, whereby means are also provided with which the gradient of a parameter of the comminution machine is recorded and as a reference variable for the control of the comminution machine is used.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
  • Shovels (AREA)

Abstract

Comminuting machine comprises comminuting tools (3) having at least two cutting regions in a direction of rotation of a shaft (2). At least one inner cutting region with a relatively small lever arm traps and comminutes more material. At least one outer cutting region with a relatively large lever arm traps and comminutes less material. The contours of both cutting regions form a circle about the shaft axis in the direction of the shaft axis. The comminuting machine also comprises rigid cutting tools (4) having several saw-like teeth with two tooth flanks (4.3) arranged at an angle to each other and cooperating in a cutting manner with one of the cutting regions. In each early active cutting position, a tip of the comminuting tools forming a first chisel edge (3.4) is offset parallel to a tip of a tooth of the rigid cutting tools forming a second chisel edge (4.4) and directed so that it moves past in a cutting manner so that in addition to the cutting forces produced between the cutting regions of the comminuting tools and the cutting edges of the rigid cutting tools, a breaking edge parallel to the shaft axis is maintained with a notch effect offset parallel to the material (5) and a specifically high force. The material is exposed to an active and additional comminuting process under aggressive participation of the teeth of the rigid cutting tools.

Description

Zerkleinerungsmaschine für Material beliebiger Art, z. B. Abfall oder Holz Shredding machine for material of any kind, e.g. B. waste or wood
Anwendungsgebiet der ErfindungField of application of the invention
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Zerkleinerungsmaschine für Material beliebiger Art, z. B. Abfall, wie Hausmüll und Sperrmüll oder Holz, aufweisend eine in einem Gehäuse vorgesehene Aufnahme für das Material, mindestens eine angetriebene Welle, auf der Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge vorgesehen sind und im Gehäuse angeordnete starre Schneidwerkzeuge als Gegenwerkzeuge für die Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge zur Zerkleinerung des Materials.The invention relates to a shredder for material of any kind, for. B. waste, such as household waste and bulky waste or wood, comprising a receptacle provided for the material in a housing, at least one driven shaft on which comminution tools are provided and rigid cutting tools arranged in the housing as counter-tools for the comminution tools for comminuting the material.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Derartige Zerkleinerungsmaschinen sind unter der Bezeichnung „Zerreißer" bekannt geworden.Comminution machines of this type have become known under the name “shredder”.
Nach der Zusammenschau des Standes der Technik lässt sich für die eingangs nur gattungsmäßig umrissene Zerkleinerungsmaschine eine Vorrichtung zusammenstellen, die nachstehend beschriebene Merkmalsgruppen aufweist.After a review of the prior art, a device can be put together for the shredding machine, which is only outlined in terms of type at the beginning, and which has groups of features described below.
Entsprechend der EP 0 521 081 Bl sind bekannterweise die Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge aus U- förmigen Messern gebildet, die in einer zur Drehachse für die Wellen senkrechten Ebene liegen und die gleichmäßig entlang und rund um zwei im wesentlichen parallele und horizontale Wellen, die von einem Motor angetrieben werden, der die Wellen in entgegengesetzten Richtungen antreiben kann, und die einen gegenseitigen Abstand aufweisen, der etwas größer als der doppelte Abstand zwischen dem radialen Außenpunkt eines Messers und der Drehachse ist, angeordnet sind. Die Antriebsvorrichtungen sind zwischen dem Motor und den Wellen vorgesehen.According to EP 0 521 081 Bl, the comminution tools are known to be formed from U-shaped knives which lie in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation for the shafts and which are uniformly along and around two essentially parallel and horizontal shafts which are driven by a motor , which can drive the shafts in opposite directions, and which have a mutual distance which is slightly larger than twice the distance between the radial outer point of a knife and the axis of rotation. The drive devices are provided between the motor and the shafts.
Das Material wird den Messern durch einen über den Messern angeordneten Schacht zugeführt. Diese Messer arbeiten mit zwischen den Wellen auf einem Teil des Rahmens der Vorrichtung zur Materialzerkleinerung feststehend angebrachten Messern zusammen, wenn die Wellen in entgegengesetzten Richtungen rotieren, wodurch die Schnittkante der Blätter an der Oberseite der feststehenden Messer aufeinander zu bewegt werden.The material is fed to the knives through a shaft arranged above the knives. These knives cooperate with knives fixed between the shafts on part of the frame of the material crushing device when the shafts rotate in opposite directions, thereby moving the cutting edge of the blades on the top of the fixed knives towards each other.
Dazu ist, wie auch aus älterem Stand der Technik vorbekannt, der gegenseitige Abstand zwischen den zwei Wellen ein fester Abstand. Die Antriebseinrichtungen umfassen ebenfalls in vorbekannter Weise ein geeignetes Getriebe für jede der zwei Wellen, einen hydraulischen Motor mit einstellbaren Rotationsgeschwindigkeiten zum Betreiben jeder Welle, eine einstellbare Pumpe zum Versorgen jedes hydraulischen Motors und Getriebes, durch die der Motor die Pumpen betreibt^ die den Fluss durch die hydraulischen Motoren umzukehren vermögen, um jede Welle individuell vorwärts und rückwärts gemäß einer vorbestimmten Sequenz zu drehen.For this purpose, as is also known from the prior art, the mutual distance between the two shafts is a fixed distance. The drive means also include, in a known manner, a suitable transmission for each of the two shafts, a hydraulic motor with adjustable rotational speeds for operating each shaft, an adjustable pump for supplying each hydraulic motor and transmission through which the motor operates the pumps which flow through the hydraulic motors are able to reverse to individually rotate each shaft back and forth according to a predetermined sequence.
Als wesentlich ist nun der Erfindung gemäß der EP 0 521 081 Bl zu entnehmen, dass jedes Messer zwei hintereinander angeordnete und im wesentlichen U-förmige Blätter umfasst, dass die radial äußeren und vorderen Teile der zwei Blätter, in der Rotationsrichtung der Schneidebewegung der Messer gesehen, als im wesentlichen tangential orientierte Keile gebaut sind, dass der Abstand zwischen der Rotationsachse und dem Keil des vorderen Blatts kürzer als der Abstand zwischen der Rotationsachse und dem Keil des nachfolgenden Blatts ist und dass die radial äußere Kontur des nachfolgenden Blatts im wesentlichen einem Segment einer spiralförmigen Linie um die Rotationsachse entspricht.It can be seen as essential from the invention according to EP 0 521 081 B1 that each knife comprises two essentially U-shaped blades arranged one behind the other, that the radially outer and front parts of the two blades, viewed in the direction of rotation of the cutting movement of the knives , are constructed as essentially tangentially oriented wedges, that the distance between the axis of rotation and the wedge of the front blade is shorter than the distance between the axis of rotation and the wedge of the subsequent blade and that the radially outer contour of the subsequent blade is essentially a segment of a corresponds to a spiral line around the axis of rotation.
Hierzu können in funktioneller Kombination die Merkmale der gattungsgleichen Zerkleinerungsmaschine entsprechend der EP 0 928 222 Bl ergänzt werden, um eine funktionierende Einheit zu erhalten.For this purpose, the features of the comminution machine of the same type can be supplemented in a functional combination in accordance with EP 0 928 222 B1 in order to obtain a functioning unit.
Demzufolge sind die feststehenden Messer durch einen vorbekannten Schneidtisch gebildet, der am Boden eines Trichters mit wenigstens einem Satz fixierter, paralleler unterer Messer angeordnet ist, welche voneinander durch Öffnungen durch den Tisch getrennt sind.Accordingly, the fixed knives are formed by a known cutting table which is arranged on the bottom of a funnel with at least one set of fixed, parallel lower knives, which are separated from one another by openings through the table.
Weiterhin ist in bekannter Art wenigstens eine drehbare Welle einer Antriebseinheit vorgesehen, welche Welle über dem Schneidtisch in einer Richtung angeordnet ist, die sich senkrecht zu den unteren Messern erstreckt.Furthermore, in a known manner, at least one rotatable shaft of a drive unit is provided, which shaft is arranged above the cutting table in a direction that extends perpendicular to the lower knives.
Schließlich sind bekannterweise eine Anzahl von scheibenförmigen oberen Messern vorhanden, die an der Welle befestigt sind, von denen jedes Messer mit einer Anzahl von Zähnen versehen ist und die sich teilweise nach unten in jede ihrer Öffnungen des Tischs erstreckt. Jede Öffnung ist breiter als das zugehörige obere Messer, welches außerdem nahe einem der unteren Messer in der zugehörigen Öffnung angeordnet ist.Finally, as is known, there are a number of disc-shaped upper knives attached to the shaft, each knife having a number of teeth and partially extending down into each of its openings in the table. Each opening is wider than the associated upper knife, which is also located near one of the lower knives in the associated opening.
Nach der dort offenbarten Erfindung ist es wesentlich, dass die unteren Messer sich in eine Richtung erstrecken, die die Achse der Welle oder einen Bereich um diese herum schneidet, wobei zu dieser Ausführung davon ausgegangen wird, dass gemäß DK 169 378 schon ein Schneidtisch bekannt ist, dessen Ebene sich schon unterhalb der Welle erstreckt. Dabei ist auf jeder Seite der Welle ein Satz mehrer Messer angeordnet, deren Anordnung zueinander ein V oder ein umgekehrtes V bilden.According to the invention disclosed there, it is essential that the lower knives extend in a direction that intersects the axis of the shaft or a region around it, with this embodiment assuming that a cutting table is already known in accordance with DK 169 378 whose level already extends below the wave. A set of several knives is arranged on each side of the shaft, the arrangement of which forms a V or an inverted V with respect to one another.
Die jeweiligen Schneidkanten können gewölbt oder wellenförmig ausgeführt sein.The respective cutting edges can be curved or wavy.
Durch die konstruktive Verbesserung nach der EP 0 928 222 Bl des in Messer aufgeteilten Schneidtisches, in dem die Ebene des Schneidtisches die Achse der Welle schneidet, soll mit einem vorteilhaften Schneidwinkel von ca. 90° das Material zerkleinert werden.Due to the design improvement according to EP 0 928 222 B1 of the cutting table divided into knives, in which the plane of the cutting table intersects the axis of the shaft, the material is to be shredded with an advantageous cutting angle of approximately 90 °.
Eine nach dem dokumentierten Stand der Technik so zusammengestellte und vorstehend beschriebene Zerkleinerungsmaschine für Materialien, wie organischen Abfall, sperrigen Abfall oder dergleichen weist trotz bewährter Funktion noch Nachteile auf, die insbesondere darin bestehen, dassA shredder for materials such as organic waste, bulky waste or the like, which has been put together and described above in accordance with the documented prior art, still has disadvantages, despite its proven function, which consist in particular in that
die auf der Welle angebrachten Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge in ihrer Stabilität gefährdet sind, der Zerkleinerungsprozess durch die feststehenden Messer in seiner Effektivität begrenzt ist, der Durchsatz infolge der das Material wegdrückenden Wirkung der Form der Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge auf der Welle im Zusammenspiel mit den feststehenden Messern nicht steigerbar ist und der Energieverbrauch der Maschine relativ hoch ist.the stability of the shredding tools attached to the shaft is compromised, the effectiveness of the shredding process is limited by the fixed knives, the throughput cannot be increased due to the effect of the shape of the shredding tools on the shaft, in interaction with the fixed knives, and the The machine's energy consumption is relatively high.
Darstellung des Wesens der ErfindungPresentation of the nature of the invention
Die Erfindung stellt sich die Aufgabe, eine Zerkleinerungsmaschine für Material beliebiger Art, z. B. Abfall, wie Hausmüll und Sperrmüll oder Holz, insbesondere organischer Abfall, sperriger Abfall, wie Kühlschränke, Reifen, Möbel, Teppiche, Matratzen, Baumstümpfe, Ab- bruchholz oder dergleichen Materialien zu schaffen, die umfasstThe invention has for its object a crushing machine for material of any kind, for. B. waste, such as household waste and bulky waste or wood, in particular organic waste, bulky waste, such as refrigerators, tires, furniture, carpets, mattresses, tree stumps, demolition wood or similar materials, which includes
eine in einem Gehäuse vorgesehene Aufnahme für das Material, mindestens eine Welle, auf der Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge angeordnet sind, im Gehäuse angebrachte starre Schneidwerkzeuge, deren Schneidkanten in ihrer Verlängerung gerade nicht die Achse der Welle oder einen Bereich um die Achse herum schneiden, gegen welche starren Schneidwerkzeuge die Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge der Welle das aufgegebene Material schneiden. Damit soll im Zusammenspiel der in beiden Drehrichtungen wirkenden Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge mit den starren Schneidwerkzeugen der Abfall stets differenziert erfasst, gefördert und fixiert gegen die starren Schneidwerkzeuge mit spezifisch geringen Kräften zerkleinert werden.a receptacle provided in a housing for the material, at least one shaft on which comminution tools are arranged, rigid cutting tools attached in the housing, the cutting edges of which, in their extension, do not intersect the axis of the shaft or an area around the axis against which rigid cutting tools the shaft crushing tools cut the material being fed. In this way, in the interaction of the shredding tools working in both directions of rotation with the rigid cutting tools, the waste is always to be recorded, conveyed and fixed against the rigid cutting tools with specifically low forces.
Einerseits muss die Zerkleinerungsmaschine für die Herstellung, den Betrieb, die Wartung und Reparatur in dafür geeignete Baugruppen gestaltet werden und andererseits für die Bedingungen des Zerkleinerungsprozesses steuerbar sein.On the one hand, the shredding machine for production, operation, maintenance and repair must be designed in suitable assemblies, and on the other hand it must be controllable for the conditions of the shredding process.
Im Ergebnis der zu lösenden Aufgabe sindAs a result of the task to be solved
die Stabilität der Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge der Welle zu erhöhen, der Zerkleinerungsgrad durch konstruktive Veränderung der starren Schneidwerkzeuge zu steigern, die Durchsatzleistung der Maschine zu erhöhen, der Energieverbrauch der Maschine zu senken, die Zerkleinerbarkeit von insbesondere duktileren, nicht sprödbrüchigen Materialien wie z. B. Plastik und Plastikfolien zu fördern und das im Aufhahmebereich vorliegende und direkt zu zerkleinernde Material den verfügbaren Schneidgeometrien vollständig zuzuführento increase the stability of the grinding tools of the shaft, to increase the degree of comminution by constructively changing the rigid cutting tools, to increase the throughput of the machine, to lower the energy consumption of the machine, and to reduce the size of particularly ductile, non-brittle materials such as e.g. B. to promote plastic and plastic films and to completely feed the available and directly shredded material in the recording area to the available cutting geometries
und diese Ziele als gegenüber dem Stand der Technik in ihrer Gesamtheit wirkende Vorteile zu erfüllen.and to accomplish these goals as advantages over the prior art as a whole.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dies dadurch gelöst, dassAccording to the invention, this is solved in that
a) die Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge in jeweils einer Drehrichtung der Welle und in deren Querschnitt gesehen mindestens zwei Schneidenbereiche aufweist, von denen mindestens ein innerer Schneidenbereich mehr zu zerkleinerndes Material erfassen und zerkleinern kann und dafür einen relativ kleinen Hebelarm besitzt, sowie mindestens ein äußerer Schneidenbereich weniger zu zerkleinerndes Material erfassen und zerkleinern kann und dafür einen relativ großen Hebelarm besitzt, wobei die Schneidenkonturen beider Schneidenbereiche in Richtung der Achse der Welle einen Kreisbogen um die Achse der Welle bilden, b) die starren Schneidwerkzeuge mehrere sägeartig angeordnete Zähne aufweisen und somit zwei im Winkel zueinander stehende Zahnflanken der Zähne mit einem der Schneidenbereiche zusammenarbeiten, c) in jeder beginnenden wirksamen Schneidstellung eine, eine erste Querschneide bildende Spitze der Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge gegen eine, eine zweite Querschneide bildende Spitze eines Zahnes der starren Schneidwerkzeuge parallelversetzt und vorbeischneidend gerichtet ist, wodurch die neben der zwischen dem Schneidenbereichen der Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge und den Schneidkanten der starren Schneidwerkzeuge erzeugten Schneidkräfte eine zusätzliche sowie parallel zur Achse der Welle gerichtete Brechkante mit auf das Material parallelversetzter Kerbwirkung und spezifisch hoch wirkender Kraft erhalten ist und d) das Material unter aggressiver Teilnahme der Zähne der starren Schneidwerkzeuge einem aktiven und zusätzlichen Zerkleinerungsvorgang unterworfen ist.a) the comminution tools in each case in a direction of rotation of the shaft and in its cross section has at least two cutting areas, of which at least one inner cutting area can grasp and shred more material and therefore has a relatively small lever arm, and at least one outer cutting area less to shredding Can grasp and shred material and has a relatively large lever arm, the cutting contours of both cutting areas in the direction of the axis of the shaft form a circular arc around the axis of the shaft, b) the rigid cutting tools have several saw-like teeth and thus two at an angle to each other Tooth flanks of the teeth work with one of the cutting areas, c) in each effective cutting position that begins, a tip of the shredding tools forming a first cross cutting edge against a second cross cutting edge Forming tip of a tooth of the rigid cutting tools is offset in parallel and directed past, whereby in addition to the cutting forces generated between the cutting areas of the shredding tools and the cutting edges of the rigid cutting tools, an additional breaking edge directed parallel to the axis of the shaft with a notch effect offset in parallel to the material and having a specifically high effect Power is maintained and d) the material is subjected to an active and additional comminution process with the aggressive participation of the teeth of the rigid cutting tools.
In weiterer Ausbildung der Erfindung sind die Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge in axialer Richtung auf der Welle zueinander versetzt oder in einem unterschiedlichen radialen Abstand angeordnet, wobei dementsprechend auch die Zähne auf den starren Schneidwerkzeugen angeordnet sind, welche Schneidwerkzeuge als sogenannte Bramme verlaufen.In a further embodiment of the invention, the comminution tools are offset from one another in the axial direction on the shaft or are arranged at a different radial distance, the teeth also correspondingly being arranged on the rigid cutting tools, which cutting tools run as so-called slabs.
Des weiteren weist die Welle Scheiben auf, an denen die Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge angeordnet oder ausgebildet sind. Diese Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge arbeiten, und zwar zwischen die auf Abstand angeordneten starren Schneidwerkzeuge der Bramme kämmend, mit den Zähnen zusammen.Furthermore, the shaft has disks on which the comminution tools are arranged or formed. These comminution tools work with the teeth, intermeshing between the rigid cutting tools of the slab arranged at a distance.
Um die Welle günstig montieren und demontieren zu können, weist sie an beiden Seiten Zapfen auf, die lösbar mit der Welle verbunden sind und ggf. einen Lagerbereich bilden. Dabei kann die Verbindung so gestaltet werden, dass sie mittels Flansche erfolgt.In order to be able to assemble and disassemble the shaft cheaply, it has pins on both sides, which are detachably connected to the shaft and possibly form a bearing area. The connection can be designed so that it is made using flanges.
Das Gehäuse ist an den Stirnseiten doppelwandig ausgeführt, und dazwischen ist gegen Materialaustritt labyrinthartig dichtend eine mit der Welle verbundene Scheibe vorgesehen, die zweckmäßigerweise durch die Flansche gebildet sein kann.The housing is double-walled on the end faces, and in between a labyrinth-like seal against material leakage, a disk connected to the shaft is provided, which can expediently be formed by the flanges.
Die Schneidkonturen der sägeartig gestalteten Zähne der starren Schneidwerkzeuge können durch Verschleißelemente gebildet werden, die z. B. auswechselbar sind.The cutting contours of the saw-like teeth of the rigid cutting tools can be formed by wear elements which, for. B. are interchangeable.
In Unterstützung der sich aus den erfindungsgemäßen Wirkungen ergebenden Vorteile, wie z. B.In support of the advantages resulting from the effects according to the invention, such as. B.
Steigerung des Zerkleinerungsgrades, Erhöhung der Durchsatzleistung und Senkung des Energieverbrauchs zur Verbesserung des Wirkungsgrades der Zerkleinerungsmaschine wird noch zur weiteren Optimierung des Zerkleinerungsprozesses eine Steuerung verwendet, die ihre Führungsgrößen von mindestens einem Gradienten eines Parameters des Zerkleinerungsprozesses erhält.Increase in the degree of shredding, increase in throughput and decrease in energy consumption In order to improve the efficiency of the comminution machine, a control is used to further optimize the comminution process, which receives its command variables from at least one gradient of a parameter of the comminution process.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Die Erfindung wird an einem Ausführungsbeispiel nachstehend näher erläutert. In den Zeichnungen zeigen:The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment. The drawings show:
Fig. 1 eine längstgeschnittene Seitenansicht der Zerkleinerungsmaschine,1 is a longitudinally sectioned side view of the shredding machine,
Fig. 2 eine Draufsicht nach Figur 1,2 shows a top view according to FIG. 1,
Fig. 3 den Querschnitt entsprechend den Figuren 1 und 2 in vereinfachter Darstellung der erfindungswesentlichen Merkmale der Phasen des Wirkungsprinzips der Erfindung zwischen den Zerkleinerungswerkzeugen und den starren Schneidwerkzeugen in der Arbeitsphase des aufgegebenen und noch nicht zerkleinerten Materials,3 shows the cross section corresponding to FIGS. 1 and 2 in a simplified representation of the features essential to the invention of the phases of the operating principle of the invention between the comminution tools and the rigid cutting tools in the working phase of the material which has been fed in and has not yet been comminuted,
Fig. 4: den Querschnitt analog zu Figur 3 in der Arbeitsphase des begonnenen Zerkleinerungsprozesses und4: the cross section analogous to FIG. 3 in the working phase of the comminution process that has started and
Fig. 5: den Querschnitt analog zu den Figuren 3 und 4 in der Arbeitsphase der weiteren Zerkleinerung.5: the cross section analogous to FIGS. 3 and 4 in the working phase of the further comminution.
Bester Weg zur Ausführung der ErfindungBest way to carry out the invention
Eine erfindungsgemäße Zerkleinerungsmaschine für Hausmüll, Sperrmüll oder Holz besteht gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 aus einem Gehäuse 1 mit zwei darin gelagerten, gegenläufig angetriebenen Wellen 2. Auf den Wellen 2 sind Scheiben 2.1 angeordnet, die Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge 3 aufweisen. Diese Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge sind so mit Abstand zueinander auf den Wellen 2 gereiht, dass sie in Zusammenwirkung mit starren Schneidwerkzeugen 4, die in axialer Richtung der Wellen 2 als Bramme verlaufen, parallelversetzt arbeiten und ein über eine Aufnahme 1.2 aufgegebenes Material 5 schneidend zerkleinern.A comminution machine according to the invention for domestic waste, bulky waste or wood, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, consists of a housing 1 with two counter-driven shafts 2 mounted therein. On the shafts 2, disks 2.1 are arranged which have comminution tools 3. These crushing tools are arranged at a distance from one another on the shafts 2 in such a way that they work in parallel with one another in cooperation with rigid cutting tools 4, which run as a slab in the axial direction of the shafts 2, and shred a material 5 that is fed in via a receptacle 1.2.
Gegenüber dem bekannten Stand der Technik ist es für die technische Anforderung an die Zerkleinerungsmaschine wesentlich, dass gedachte Verlängerungen der Schneidkanten 4.1 (Figuren 3 bis 5) der starren Schneidwerkzeuge 4 nicht die Achse der Wellen 2 oder Bereiche um die Achse herum schneiden. Diese Anforderung zielt darauf ab, dass im Zusammenspiel der Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge 3 mit den starren Schneidwerkzeugen 4 das Material 5 differenziert erfasst, gefördert und fixiert gegen die starren Schneidwerkzeuge 4 mit spezifisch geringen Kräften zerkleinert werden kann. Das heißt, dass der Wirkungsgrad der Zerkleinerungsmaschine hinsichtlich des Zerkleinerungsprozesses im Vergleich zu den herkömmlichen Zerreißern wesentlich gesteigert wird.Compared to the known state of the art, it is essential for the technical requirements of the shredding machine that imaginary extensions of the cutting edges 4.1 (FIGS. 3 to 5) of the rigid cutting tools 4 do not cut the axis of the shafts 2 or areas around the axis. The aim of this requirement is that, in the interaction of the shredding tools 3 with the rigid cutting tools 4, the material 5 can be grasped, conveyed and fixed against the rigid cutting tools 4 with specifically low forces. This means that the efficiency of the shredding machine with regard to the shredding process is significantly increased compared to the conventional shredders.
Entsprechend den Figuren 3 bis 5 weisen die Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge 3 in jeweils eine Drehrichtung der Wellen 2 und in deren Querschnitt gesehen zwei Schneidenbereiche 3.1, 3.2 auf, die so gestaltet sind, dass die Stabilität der Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge 3 nicht gefährdet ist.According to FIGS. 3 to 5, the comminution tools 3 each have a cutting area 3.1, 3.2 in a direction of rotation of the shafts 2 and in their cross-section, which are designed such that the stability of the comminution tools 3 is not endangered.
Ein innerer Schneidenbereich 3.1 erfasst mehr zu zerkleinerndes Material 5 und wirkt mit einem relativ kleinen Hebelarm sowie ein äußerer Schneidenbereich 3.2 erfasst weniger zu zerkleinerndes Material 5 und wirkt mit einem relativ großen Hebelarm. Dabei beschreiben die Konturen 3.3 besagter Schneidenbereiche 3.1, 3.2 in Richtung der Achsen der Wellen 2 jeweils einen konzentrischen Kreisbogen um die Wellen 2.An inner cutting area 3.1 captures more material 5 to be comminuted and acts with a relatively small lever arm, and an outer cutting region 3.2 captures less material 5 to be comminuted and acts with a relatively large lever arm. The contours 3.3 of said cutting areas 3.1, 3.2 each describe a concentric circular arc around the shafts 2 in the direction of the axes of the shafts 2.
Im Ansatz ist mit dieser konstruktiven Ausführung die Voraussetzung gegeben, die verfügbaren Kräfte wirksamer als bisher für den Zerkleinerungsprozess des jeweiligen Materials und differenzierter einzusetzen.With this constructive design, the prerequisite is given to use the available forces more effectively than before for the shredding process of the respective material and in a more differentiated manner.
In funktioneller Korrespondenz dazu weisen die starren Schneidwerkzeuge 4 mehrere sägeartig angeordnete Zähne 4.2 auf. Somit arbeiten zwei im Winkel zueinander stehende Zahnflanken 4.3 der Zähne 4.2 mit mindestens einem der Schneidenbereiche 3.1, 3.2 derart zusammen, dass das jeweilige Material 5 stets eingeklemmt und von den verfügbaren Kanten der Schneiden allumfassend eingekerbt und geschnitten wird.In functional correspondence to this, the rigid cutting tools 4 have a plurality of teeth 4.2 arranged in a saw-like manner. Thus, two tooth flanks 4.3 of the teeth 4.2 which are at an angle to one another work together with at least one of the cutting edge regions 3.1, 3.2 in such a way that the respective material 5 is always clamped in and is notched and cut all around by the available edges of the cutting edges.
Funktionen mit diesem Effekt verschmelzend kommt hinzu, dass in jeder beginnenden, wirksam werdenden Schneidstellung eine, eine jeweils erste Querschneide 3.4 bildende Spitze der Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge 3 gegen eine, eine jeweils zweite Querschneide 4.4 bildende Spitze eines Zahnes 4.2 der starren Schneidwerkzeuge 4 parallelversetzt und vorbeischneidend gerichtet ist. Dadurch erhalten die neben den zwischen den Schneidenbereichen 3.1, 3.2 der Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge 3 und den Schneidkanten 4.1 der starren Schneidwerkzeuge 4 erzeugten bzw. wirkenden Schneidkräfte eine zusätzliche sowie parallel zur Achse der Welle 2 gerichtete Brechkante mit auf das jeweilige Stück Material 5 parallel versetzter Kerbwirkung und spezifisch hoch wirkender Kraft. Diese Merkmalskombination unterwirft das Material 5 somit unter aggressiver Teilnahme der Zähne 4.2 der starren Schneidwerkzeuge 4 einem aktiven und zusätzlichen Zerkleinerungsvorgang.Merging functions with this effect is added to the fact that in each beginning, effective cutting position, a tip of the shredding tools 3 forming a respective first cross cutting edge 3.4 is offset against a tip of a tooth 4.2 of the rigid cutting tools 4 forming a second cross cutting edge 4.4 and directed past , As a result, in addition to the cutting forces generated or acting between the cutting areas 3.1, 3.2 of the comminution tools 3 and the cutting edges 4.1 of the rigid cutting tools 4, an additional breaking edge directed parallel to the axis of the shaft 2 with a notch effect parallel to the respective piece of material 5 is obtained specifically powerful force. This combination of features subjects the material 5 to an active and additional comminution process with the aggressive participation of the teeth 4.2 of the rigid cutting tools 4.
Schlüssig zu den erhöht gestellten Anforderungen und zur gestellten erfindungsgemäßen Aufgabe wird diese Zerkleinerungsmaschine den in der Zerkleinerungspraxis der eingangs umris- senen Arten von Material 5 besser gerecht, indemIn conclusion to the increased demands and the task according to the invention, this comminution machine does better justice to the types of material 5 outlined in the comminution practice in that
die Stabilität der Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge 3 erhöht, der Zerkleinerungsgrad und die Durchsatzleistung gesteigert, der Energieverbrauch gesenktthe stability of the shredding tools 3 increased, the degree of shredding and the throughput increased, the energy consumption reduced
und letztlich der Zerkleinerungsprozess eines „Zerreißers" gefördert werden.and ultimately promote the crushing process of a "shredder".
Aus den Figuren 3 bis 5 sind in drei dargestellten Phasen die verbesserten Wirkungen der erfindungsgemäßen Zerkleinerungsmaschine zu entnehmen:The improved effects of the comminution machine according to the invention can be seen in three phases from FIGS. 3 to 5:
Entsprechend Figur 3 ist schematisch dargestellt, wie die mit unterschiedlichen Hebelarmen wirkenden Schneidenbereiche 3.1, 3.2 das Material 5 in unterschiedlichen Volumina erfassen und auf den starren Schneidwerkzeugen 4 zwischen die Zahnflanken 4.3 so verteilen können, dass die Zerkleinerung optimal vorbereitet ist.According to FIG. 3, it is shown schematically how the cutting areas 3.1, 3.2 acting with different lever arms can grasp the material 5 in different volumes and distribute it on the rigid cutting tools 4 between the tooth flanks 4.3 in such a way that the comminution is optimally prepared.
Mit der Figur 4 wird deutlich wie in funktioneller Verschmelzung einerseits der Wirkungen der Schneidenbereiche 3.1, 3.2 gegen die Schneidkanten 4.1 das in den Zahnflanken 4.3 eingeklemmte Material 5 geschnitten und andererseits den korrespondierenden Wirkungen der ersten Querschneiden 3.4 mit den zweiten Querschneiden 4.4 und dem zusätzlichen Brechkanteneffekt ausgesetzt ist. Schließlich zeigt Figur 5 insbesondere die Phase, in der die äußeren Schneidenbereiche 3.2 mit dem großen Hebelarm und dem weniger erfassten Material 5 gegen die starren Schneidwerkzeuge 4 wirken.4 clearly shows, as in functional fusion, on the one hand the effects of the cutting areas 3.1, 3.2 against the cutting edges 4.1, the material 5 clamped in the tooth flanks 4.3, and on the other hand exposed to the corresponding effects of the first cross-cuts 3.4 with the second cross-cuts 4.4 and the additional breaking edge effect is. Finally, FIG. 5 shows in particular the phase in which the outer cutting areas 3.2, with the large lever arm and the less captured material 5, act against the rigid cutting tools 4.
Unter Beibehaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Wirkprinzips und dieses weiter unterstützend sind gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 die Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge 3 in axialer Richtung auf den Wellen 2 radial zueinander versetzt angeordnet. Nicht in den Figuren dargestellt ist die Möglichkeit, dass die Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge 3 in einer unterschiedlichen Winkelstellung auf der Welle 2, d. h. axial im Schneidprofil, z. B. konisch verlaufend, angeordnet sind. Dementsprechend sind auch die Zähne 4.2 der axial als Bramme verlaufenden starren Schneidwerkzeuge 4 anzuordnen. Die technologisch günstige Ausführung für die Herstellung, den Betrieb, die Wartung und Reparatur der erfindungsgemäßen Zerkleinerungsmaschine wird mit den in der Figur 1 weiter dargestellten Merkmalen erreicht. Dazu weisen die Wellen 2 Zapfen 2.2 mit einem Lagerbereich an den Enden auf. Die Verbindung zwischen den Zapfen 2.2 und der Welle 2 erfolgt mittels Flansche 2.3.While maintaining the active principle according to the invention and further supporting it, the comminution tools 3 are arranged radially offset from one another in the axial direction on the shafts 2 in accordance with FIGS. Not shown in the figures is the possibility that the crushing tools 3 in a different angular position on the shaft 2, ie axially in the cutting profile, for. B. tapered are arranged. Accordingly, the teeth 4.2 of the rigid cutting tools 4, which run axially as a slab, are also to be arranged. The technologically favorable design for the manufacture, operation, maintenance and repair of the comminution machine according to the invention is achieved with the features further shown in FIG. 1. For this purpose, the shafts have 2 pins 2.2 with a bearing area at the ends. The connection between the pin 2.2 and the shaft 2 is made by means of flanges 2.3.
Für den Betrieb in der Praxis ist es zur Unterstützung einer optimalen Zerkleinerung und Zuverlässigkeit der Zerkleinerungsmaschine wichtig, dass kein Material 5 durch gegeneinander abzudichtende Bauteile dringt. Deshalb ist das Gehäuse 1 gemäß Figur 1 an den Stirnseiten mit einer Doppelwand 1.1 ausgeführt, in der die Zapfen 2.2 oder Enden der Welle 2 eine Dichtscheibe 2.4 aufweisen, die mit der Doppelwand 1.1 ein dichtendes Labyrinth bildet. Technologisch vorteilhaft wird die Dichtscheibe 2.4 durch die Flansche 2.3 gebildet.For operation in practice, it is important to support optimal shredding and reliability of the shredding machine that no material 5 penetrates through components to be sealed against one another. Therefore, the housing 1 is designed according to Figure 1 on the end faces with a double wall 1.1, in which the pins 2.2 or ends of the shaft 2 have a sealing washer 2.4, which forms a sealing labyrinth with the double wall 1.1. Technologically advantageous, the sealing washer 2.4 is formed by the flanges 2.3.
Zur Schonung der starren Schneidwerkzeuge 4 gegen Verschleiß ist es günstig, wie in den Figuren 3 bis 5 angedeutet, die Schneidenkonturen 4.5 mit Verschleißelementen 4.6 auszurüsten.In order to protect the rigid cutting tools 4 against wear, it is favorable, as indicated in FIGS. 3 to 5, to equip the cutting contours 4.5 with wear elements 4.6.
Gewerbliche AnwendbarkeitIndustrial applicability
In der Gesamtheit der beanspruchten Merkmale kann eine erfindungsgemäß ausgeführte Zerkleinerungsmaschine die gestiegenen Anforderungen an die Zerkleinerung von Material der beschriebenen Arten optimal erfüllen, wobei dazu auch Mittel vorgesehen sind, mit denen der Gradient eines Parameters der Zerkleinerungsmaschine erfasst und als eine Führungsgröße für die Steuerung der Zerkleinerungsmaschine verwendet wird. In the entirety of the claimed features, a comminution machine designed according to the invention can optimally meet the increased requirements for comminution of material of the types described, whereby means are also provided with which the gradient of a parameter of the comminution machine is recorded and as a reference variable for the control of the comminution machine is used.
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 Gehäuse1 housing
1.1 Doppelwand1.1 double wall
1.2 = Aufnahme für Material1.2 = holder for material
2 Welle2 wave
2.1 Scheibe2.1 disc
2.2 = Zapfen2.2 = cones
2.3 Flansch2.3 flange
2.4 = Dichtscheibe2.4 = sealing washer
3 Zerkleinerungswerkzeug3 shredding tool
3.1 innerer Schneidenbereich3.1 inner cutting area
3.2 = äußerer Schneidenbereicl3.2 = outer cutting area
3.3 Kontur3.3 contour
3.4 = erste Querschneide3.4 = first chisel edge
4 starres Schneidwerkzeug4 rigid cutting tool
4.1 Schneidkante4.1 cutting edge
4.2 = Zahn4.2 = tooth
4.3 Zahnflanke4.3 tooth flank
4.4 = zweite Querschneide4.4 = second chisel edge
4.5 Schneidenkontur4.5 cutting edge contour
4.6 = Verschleißelement4.6 = wear element
Material material

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Zerkleinerungsmaschine für Material beliebiger Art, z. B. Abfall, wie Hausmüll, Sperrmüll oder Holz, insbesondere organischer Abfall oder sperriger Abfall, wie Kühlschränke, Reifen, Möbel, Teppiche, Matratzen, Baumstümpfe, Abbruchholz oder dergleichen Material, umfassend1. Shredding machine for material of any kind, for. B. waste, such as household waste, bulky waste or wood, in particular organic waste or bulky waste, such as refrigerators, tires, furniture, carpets, mattresses, stumps, demolition wood or the like, comprising
- eine in einem Gehäuse (1) vorgesehene Aufnahme für das Material (5),- A receptacle for the material (5) provided in a housing (1),
- mindestens eine im Gehäuse (1) gelagerte in beiden Richtungen antreibbare Welle (2), auf der Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge (3) angeordnet sind, im Gehäuse angebrachte starre Schneidwerkzeuge (4), deren Schneidkanten (4.1) in ihrer Verlängerung nicht die Achse der Welle (2) oder einen Bereich um die Achse herum schneiden, gegen welche starren Schneidwerkzeuge (4) die Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge der Welle (2) das aufgegebene Material (5) zerkleinern, wobei- At least one shaft (2) mounted in the housing (1), which can be driven in both directions, on which crushing tools (3) are arranged, rigid cutting tools (4) fitted in the housing, the cutting edges (4.1) of which do not extend the axis of the shaft (4.1) 2) or cut an area around the axis, against which rigid cutting tools (4) the cutting tools of the shaft (2) crush the material (5), whereby
im Zusammenspiel der Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge (3) der Welle (2) mit den starren Schneidwerkzeugen (4) das Material (5) differenziert erfasst, gefördert und fixiert gegen die starren Schneidwerkzeuge (4) mit spezifisch geringen Kräften zerkleinert wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dassin the interaction of the shredding tools (3) of the shaft (2) with the rigid cutting tools (4), the material (5) is grasped, conveyed and fixed against the rigid cutting tools (4) with a specifically low force, characterized in that
a) die Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge (3) in jeweils eine Drehrichtung der Welle (2) und in deren Querschnitt gesehen mindestens zwei Schneidenbereiche (3.1, 3.2) aufweist, von denen mindestens ein innerer Schneidebereich (3.1) mehr zu zerkleinerndes Material (5) erfassen und zerkleinern kann und dafür einen relativ kleinen Hebelarm besitzt sowie mindestens ein äußerer Schneidenbereich (3.2) weniger zu zerkleinerndes Material (5) erfassen und zerkleinern kann und dafür einen relativ großen Hebelarm besitzt, wobei die Konturen (3.3) beider Schneidenbereiche (3.1, 3.2) in Richtung der Achse der Welle (2) einen Kreisbogen um die Achse der Welle (2) bilden,a) the comminution tools (3) each have a direction of rotation of the shaft (2) and in their cross section has at least two cutting areas (3.1, 3.2), of which at least one inner cutting area (3.1) detects and comminutes more material (5) to be comminuted can and has a relatively small lever arm and at least one outer cutting area (3.2) can grasp and shred material (5) that is less to be shredded and has a relatively large lever arm, with the contours (3.3) of both cutting areas (3.1, 3.2) in the direction form an arc around the axis of the shaft (2) around the axis of the shaft (2),
b) die starren Schneidwerkzeuge (4) mehrere sägeartig angeordnete Zähne (4.2) aufweisen und somit zwei im Winkel zueinander stehende Zahnflanken (4.3) der Zähne (4.2) mit einem der Schneidenbereiche (3.1, 3.2) schneidend zusammenarbeiten,b) the rigid cutting tools (4) have a plurality of teeth (4.2) arranged in a saw-like manner and thus two tooth flanks (4.3) of the teeth (4.2) which are at an angle to one another work in a cutting manner with one of the cutting edge areas (3.1, 3.2),
c) in jeder beginnenden wirksamen Schneidstellung eine, eine erste Querschneide (3.4) bildende Spitze der Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge (3) gegen eine, eine zweite Querschneide (4.4) bildende Spitze eines Zahnes (4.2) der starren Schneidwerkzeuge (4) parallel versetzt und vorbeischneidend gerichtet ist, wodurch die neben der zwischen den Schneidenbereichen (3.1, 3.2) der Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge (3) und den Schneidkanten (4.1) der starren Schneidwerkzeuge (4) erzeugten Schneidkräfte eine zusätzli- ehe sowie parallel zur Achse der Welle (2) gerichtete Brechkante mit auf das Material (5) parallel versetzter Kerbwirkung und spezifisch hoch wirkende Kraft erhalten undc) in each beginning effective cutting position, a tip of the shredding tools (3) forming a first cross cutting edge (3.4) is offset in parallel and directed past a cutting tip of a tooth (4.2) of the rigid cutting tools (4) forming a second cross cutting edge (4.4) As a result of which, in addition to the cutting forces generated between the cutting areas (3.1, 3.2) of the comminution tools (3) and the cutting edges (4.1) of the rigid cutting tools (4), an additional Before and parallel to the axis of the shaft (2) directed breaking edge with parallel to the material (5) offset notch effect and specific high-acting force received and
d) das Material (5) unter aggressiver Teilnahme der Zähne (4.2) der starren Schneidwerkzeuge (4) einem aktiven und zusätzlichen Zerkleinerungsvorgang unterworfen ist.d) the material (5) is subjected to an active and additional comminution process with the aggressive participation of the teeth (4.2) of the rigid cutting tools (4).
2. Zerkleinerungsmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge (3) in axialer Richtung auf der Welle (2) in ihrer Winkelposition zueinander versetzt sind.2. Shredding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the shredding tools (3) in the axial direction on the shaft (2) are offset from one another in their angular position.
3. Zerkleinerungsmaschine nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge (3) in einem unterschiedlichen radialen Abstand zur Achse der Welle (2) angeordnet sind.3. Shredding machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the shredding tools (3) are arranged at a different radial distance from the axis of the shaft (2).
4. Zerkleinerungsmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zähne (4.2) der starren Schneidwerkzeuge (4) in ihrer Schneidenkontur (4.5) parallel versetzt sich in axialer Richtung als Bramme erstrecken und in jeder beginnenden Schneidstellung jeweils mindestens eine der ersten Querschneiden (3.4) gegen jeweils mindestens eine der zweiten Querschneiden (4.4) parallel versetzt schneidend gerichtet ist.4. Shredding machine according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the teeth (4.2) of the rigid cutting tools (4) in their cutting contour (4.5) offset in parallel extend in the axial direction as a slab and in each beginning cutting position at least one of the first transverse cutting edges (3.4) is directed against at least one of the second transverse cutting edges (4.4) with parallel offset cutting.
5. Zerkleinerungsmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Welle (2) Scheiben (2.1) aufweist, an denen die Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge (3) angeordnet oder ausgebildet sind, die zwischen die auf Abstand der sich auf der Bramme erstreckenden starren Schneidwerkzeuge (4) kämmend und gegen diese schneidend wirken.5. Comminution machine according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the shaft (2) has disks (2.1) on which the comminution tools (3) are arranged or formed, which are rigid between those which extend on the slab Cutting tools (4) intermesh and act against them.
6. Zerkleinerungsmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Welle (2) Zapfen (2.2) aufweist, die lösbar mit der Welle (2) verbunden sind.6. Shredding machine according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the shaft (2) has pins (2.2) which are detachably connected to the shaft (2).
7. Zerkleinerungsmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zapfen (2.2) einen Lagerbereich bilden.7. Shredding machine according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the pins (2.2) form a storage area.
8. Zerkleinerungsmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindung zwischen Zapfen (2.2) und Welle (2) mittels Flansche (2.3) erfolgt.8. Shredding machine according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the connection between the pin (2.2) and the shaft (2) by means of flanges (2.3).
9. Zerkleinerungsmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäuse (1) an den Stirnseiten als Doppelwand (1.1) ausgebildet ist, in deren Zwischenraum eine mit der Welle (2) verbundene Dichtscheibe (2.4) vorgesehen und dadurch eine Art Labyrinthdichtung gebildet ist.9. Shredding machine according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the housing (1) is formed on the end faces as a double wall (1.1), in the Intermediate space is provided with a sealing washer (2.4) connected to the shaft (2), thereby forming a kind of labyrinth seal.
10. Zerkleinerungsmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dichtscheibe (2.4) durch die Flansche (2.3) gebildet ist.10. Shredding machine according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the sealing disc (2.4) is formed by the flanges (2.3).
11. Zerkleinerungsmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Schneidenkonturen (4.5) der starren Schneidwerkzeuge (4) durch Verschleißelemente (4.6) verstärkt sind.11. Comminution machine according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that cutting contours (4.5) of the rigid cutting tools (4) are reinforced by wear elements (4.6).
12. Zerkleinerungsmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mittel zur Optimierung des Zerkleinerungsprozesses vorgesehen sind, mit denen der Gradient eines Parameters des Zerkleinerungsprozesses oder der Zerkleinerungsmaschine erfasst und als eine Führungsgröße für eine Steuerung der Zerkleinerungsmaschine verwendet wird. 12. Shredding machine according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that means are provided for optimizing the shredding process, with which the gradient of a parameter of the shredding process or the shredding machine is detected and used as a reference variable for controlling the shredding machine.
EP03775058A 2002-10-10 2003-10-09 Grinding machine for all kinds of material, e.g. waste or wood Expired - Lifetime EP1575708B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10247281 2002-10-10
DE10247281A DE10247281B3 (en) 2002-10-10 2002-10-10 Comminuting machine used for comminuting any material comprises comminuting tools having cutting regions in a direction of rotation of a shaft, and rigid cutting tools
PCT/DE2003/003375 WO2004035215A1 (en) 2002-10-10 2003-10-09 Grinding machine for all kinds of material, e.g. waste or wood

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1575708A1 true EP1575708A1 (en) 2005-09-21
EP1575708B1 EP1575708B1 (en) 2007-02-28

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EP03775058A Expired - Lifetime EP1575708B1 (en) 2002-10-10 2003-10-09 Grinding machine for all kinds of material, e.g. waste or wood

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US (1) US7237739B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1575708B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4213120B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE355130T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2003283187A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2501376C (en)
DE (2) DE10247281B3 (en)
DK (1) DK1575708T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2283839T3 (en)
GB (1) GB2410908A (en)
NO (1) NO330393B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2004035215A1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
ATE355130T1 (en) 2006-03-15
GB2410908A (en) 2005-08-17
NO20052079L (en) 2005-04-28
GB0507770D0 (en) 2005-05-25
US20060065769A1 (en) 2006-03-30
JP4213120B2 (en) 2009-01-21
EP1575708B1 (en) 2007-02-28
US7237739B2 (en) 2007-07-03
DK1575708T3 (en) 2007-06-25
DE10247281B3 (en) 2004-03-04
WO2004035215A1 (en) 2004-04-29
AU2003283187A1 (en) 2004-05-04
ES2283839T3 (en) 2007-11-01
JP2006507920A (en) 2006-03-09
DE50306699D1 (en) 2007-04-12
NO330393B1 (en) 2011-04-04
CA2501376C (en) 2008-08-05
CA2501376A1 (en) 2004-04-29

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