EP2218507B1 - Dispositif de broyage de matériaux de chargement dotés d'éléments de démoulage - Google Patents

Dispositif de broyage de matériaux de chargement dotés d'éléments de démoulage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2218507B1
EP2218507B1 EP10001077.6A EP10001077A EP2218507B1 EP 2218507 B1 EP2218507 B1 EP 2218507B1 EP 10001077 A EP10001077 A EP 10001077A EP 2218507 B1 EP2218507 B1 EP 2218507B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
scraping
tools
stripping
elements
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP10001077.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2218507A3 (fr
EP2218507A2 (fr
EP2218507B8 (fr
Inventor
Hartmut Pallmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pallmann Maschinenfabrik GmbH and Co KG
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Pallmann Maschinenfabrik GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP2218507A2 publication Critical patent/EP2218507A2/fr
Publication of EP2218507A3 publication Critical patent/EP2218507A3/fr
Publication of EP2218507B1 publication Critical patent/EP2218507B1/fr
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Publication of EP2218507B8 publication Critical patent/EP2218507B8/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/146—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with a rotor comprising a plurality of axially contiguous disc-like segments each having at least one radially extending cutting element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for comminuting pourable feed material by means of cutting or shearing according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the comminution of feed material is a central component of mechanical process engineering, in which a starting material is divided into smaller components by a separation process.
  • the feedstock is changed in terms of its subsequent use in its size, shape or composition.
  • An example is the treatment of waste materials, in which a reduction in the size of the starting material is a prerequisite for processing in subsequent processing stations, or in which a simultaneous separation into various fractions contained in the feedstock occurs in the course of comminution.
  • the invention relates to the field of shredding technology, in which the crushing work is done mainly by cutting and shearing, so the effective edges of two tools are performed while maintaining a small gap to each other over.
  • the feed material must therefore be capable of being cut, which precludes its use for the comminution of mineral materials.
  • Suitable tools are, for example, rotor disks seated on a rotor whose cutting edges run along the circumference of the disk and which cooperate with immediately adjacent rotor disks. It has been found that parts of the feedstock wedge in the spaces formed by the rotor disks or wrap in the case of fibrous or wire-shaped feed material to the drive shaft. These parts therefore not only remain un-shredded, but disturb the smooth comminution operation of the rest of the feed very considerably. The rotor must therefore be freed from these parts at regular intervals in laborious and time-consuming manual work. In addition to the associated personnel expenses are also conditioned machine downtime to accept, which affects the overall cost of such devices.
  • the cutting unit comprises two counter-rotating rotors arranged thereon with combing cutting discs.
  • two cutting discs are mounted on the lateral housing wall in a radial plane extending stripping elements, the projecting ends have a concave, the shaft circumference following edge.
  • the stripping elements have the function of releasing feed material located in the intermediate space radially out of the rotor.
  • the stripping To be able to initiate these forces as safely as possible in the housing walls, the stripping have an approximately triangular shape, the base of the triangle is used for attachment to the side wall. In order nevertheless to obtain a blunt connection angle to the drive shaft in such a design of the stripping elements in order to achieve a lift-off effect on the feedstock to be dissolved, it is necessary that the stripping elements engage around the shaft relatively far. Known stripping elements are therefore dimensioned correspondingly large.
  • the cutting unit is also formed by two axially parallel counter-rotating rotors.
  • First counter blades are arranged along the housing wall and firmly connected thereto; second counter knife sit on a traverse in the middle below the cutting unit in the radial overlap region of the two rotors.
  • the counter knife scraper elements are integrated, the free ends are radially in the Extend space between two cutting discs and interact there with rotating knives on the cutting discs.
  • the counterknives with the cutting mechanism at the level of the rotors also form a continuous barrier here, which prevents reversing operation so that feed material causing disturbances can not be separated out of the apparatus on its own.
  • the traverse in the area of the material passage between the two rotors an increased flow resistance, which impedes the flow of material through the device.
  • the object of the invention is to develop generic devices while avoiding the above disadvantages.
  • the basic idea of the invention consists in the arrangement of the stripping elements in the flow direction immediately after the rotor, ie in the flow shadow of the rotor. In the normal operation of a rotor according to the invention, this leads to the fact that the stripping elements do not form a flow resistance within the device and therefore a material flow that is as far as possible free of obstruction is established.
  • the arrangement according to the invention of the stripping elements enables an automatic separation of the feedstock which causes the disturbance from the device.
  • the operation of a device according to the invention can be performed in comparison with known devices with less maintenance. The standstill-related downtime is minimized and thus the overall efficiency of inventive devices increased.
  • Another advantage results from the storage of the stripping elements on a bearing bar fixed to the machine base frame. Due to the direct introduction of the forces coming from the stripping elements in the machine base frame, it is possible to construct the axially parallel housing walls easier. In addition to the associated savings in material, this opens up the possibility of forming one or both longitudinal walls as swing doors, which ensures quick, easy and very good accessibility to the cutting unit and maintenance and repair work can be carried out quickly and easily.
  • the direct storage of the stripping also reduces deformation under load, so that the cutting gap geometry is maintained in the crushing operation.
  • stripping elements according to the invention have a plate-like shape with an approximately trapezoidal outline.
  • the larger base of the trapezoid is assigned to the rotor, while the opposite smaller side of the attachment to the bearing bar is used.
  • a geometry results, which provides a relatively large angle ⁇ between the stripping element and the rotor, which is preferably greater than 140 °.
  • a pronounced Abhebe Koch is exerted on the feed material, so that arrived between the rotor discs feed material is reliably conveyed radially outward.
  • the extension length of the stripping element in the circumferential direction of the rotor is minimized.
  • the stripping elements can therefore be made smaller with the advantage of better handling and less expensive production.
  • the stripping elements are made in several parts with a disk-shaped base body, which is provided only at its effective edges with stripping tools.
  • This embodiment allows the base body to be made of a less hard material while the wiper tools are made of wear-resistant material. By reducing the proportion of high-quality material to the wear-prone wiper tools tool life can be increased without simultaneously driving up the production costs. In addition, it is possible to renew with advanced wear only the wiper tools, which further increases the efficiency of a device according to the invention.
  • the stripping elements can also be monolithic, that is to say made in one piece, in which case advantageously a wear-resistant material is used.
  • the stripping tools form an axial projection over the sides of the main body, that is to say the width of the stripping tools is greater than the thickness of the main body.
  • such an embodiment has the additional advantage that material that passes radially behind the scraper, can be derived in the gap between the rotor disc and the base body after.
  • the stripping over its entire side surface have a substantially uniform thickness, that is, the base body and stripping tool have the same dimensions in the axial direction.
  • an embodiment of the invention in which between the rotor and the adjacent housing wall, a clear distance is observed, so that feed material can be eliminated in the reversing operation in the free space formed thereby from the crushing space by in case of failure in a simple manner by Switching the direction of rotation of the rotor eliminates the fault.
  • the optional arrangement of a partition wall below the rotor ensures that the feed material routed through the free space out of the device during reversing operation does not mix with the already sufficiently comminuted material flow.
  • the Fig. 1 and 2 give an overview of the device according to the invention.
  • a frame-like substructure 1 composed of steel profiles, on which a rectangular housing 2 rests.
  • the housing 2 is formed by two opposite longitudinal walls 3 and the longitudinal walls 3 connecting transverse walls 4, which together enclose a crushing chamber 5.
  • the lockable transverse walls 4 are each divided into two and have an upper wall portion 6 and a lower wall portion 7, which are individually or together about a vertical pivot axis 8 for opening the housing 2 pivotable.
  • a material inlet 9 which is inclined in the illustrations left inlet wall for easier loading of the crushing chamber 5 with feed material and equipped with a chute 10, the inclination angle relative to the vertical is adjustable.
  • a slightly funnel-shaped material outlet 11 Down to the crushing chamber 5 is followed by a slightly funnel-shaped material outlet 11, through which the sufficiently comminuted material leaves the device according to the invention for further processing in other stations.
  • the longitudinal walls 3 have approximately at half height, respectively opposite a first pivot bearing 12 and a second pivot bearing 13, which are intended to a first rotor 14 along the axis of rotation 15 and a second rotor 16 along the Rotary axis 17 to receive rotatable.
  • the rotors 14 and 16 are aligned horizontally and parallel to the transverse walls 4, thus extending axially parallel to each other.
  • Fig. 1 and 2 shows a partial section along the rotor axis 15, 17.
  • Each rotor 14, 16 includes a drive shaft 18 which extends through openings in the longitudinal walls 3 to the pivot bearings 12 and 13, respectively.
  • On its extending within the crushing chamber 5 longitudinal section sitting non-rotatably a plurality of circular rotor disks 19, here in each case 12 pieces whose circumference is equipped with shoe-shaped crushing tools 21.
  • Coaxial spacers 20 are joined to form spaces between the rotor disks 19 and thus provide an axial spacing of the rotor disks 19 with each other.
  • the rotor disks 19 are in the adjoining the spacers 20 radially outwardly annular disk-shaped area with wear plates 22 occupied ( Fig. 3 ).
  • Both drive shafts 18 form with one of their ends on opposite sides of the housing a projection, which is in each case force-coupled with a drive 24, which causes the opposite rotation of the rotors 14 and 16.
  • the relative arrangement of the rotors 14 and 16 to each other is such that by providing an axial offset and radial overlap in the peripheral region, the rotor disks 19 of the first rotor 14 mesh with the rotor disks 19 of the rotor 16. In this way, in the course of the opposite rotation of the rotors 14 and 16 axially opposite edges of the crushing tools 21 cutting or shear gaps, where the crushing work takes place.
  • the axial width of the gap amounts to a maximum of one millimeter, preferably a maximum of 0.5 millimeters.
  • a stripping device 25 which clears there existing feed material radially outwards and in this way feeds it again to the comminution.
  • the closer construction of the stripping device 25 is mainly in the Fig. 1 . 3 and 4 and comprises a bearing bar 26, which extends axially parallel to the axes 15 and 17 respectively below each rotor 14 and 16. Based on the flow of material in the comminution chamber 5, the bearing bar 26 is thus arranged in the flow shadow of the rotors 14 and 16.
  • the bearing bar 26 spans over the entire width of the crushing space 5 and is accurately fixed to the longitudinal walls 3 via horizontally and / or vertically acting centering.
  • the centering means may be formed, for example, by brackets, grooved strips, or, as in the present example, by mating holes with cooperating dowel pins 27. Screws 43 provide a firm connection ( Fig. 3 ).
  • the bearing bar 26 On its side facing the rotor 14 or 16, the bearing bar 26 has a bearing surface 28 for receiving plate-shaped stripping elements 29, which extend in the radial direction into the interspaces between the rotor disks 19.
  • the plate-shaped stripping elements 29 have an approximately trapezoidal outline ( Fig. 1 and 4 ), wherein the longer base of the trapezoid is concave.
  • the curvature of the base is as strong as or stronger than the circumferential curvature of the spacers 20, so that it is ensured that the tapered Räumkanten of the stripping 29 closely connect to the outer periphery of the spacers 20 and can reliably perform their Räumfunktion.
  • the opposite shorter side of the trapezoidal stripping element 29 serves for rigid and precise fitting attachment of the stripping element 29 to the bearing surface 28 of the bearing bar 26. Again, serve centering, such as stop surfaces in grooves engaging strips, or as in the present case mating holes with dowel pins 30 for the perfect fit and therefore precise connection. A bracing of the stripping elements 29 with the bearing bar 26 via the screws 31st
  • the precise relative arrangement to the rotor 14 and 16 allows that the plane-parallel to the rotor disks 19 aligned stripping 29 radially and while maintaining a lateral gap in the interstices between the rotor disks 19th extend into it and end while maintaining a radial gap on the lateral surface of the spacers 20.
  • the lateral or axial gap width contributes in the described embodiment a maximum of one millimeter, preferably 0.5 millimeters, the radial gap width at the narrowest point one millimeter or less.
  • the stripping elements 29 thus fill the space between the rotor disks 19 approximately accurately.
  • the stripping elements 29 are designed in several parts and have a trapezoidal base body 32 whose oblique sides are covered with wear-resistant strip-shaped stripping tools 33 ( FIG. 4 ).
  • the width of the stripping tools 33 corresponds to the thickness of the base body 32, so that each stripping element 29 has a uniform thickness everywhere.
  • Slotted screws 34 ensure the snug fit of the stripping tools 33 on the base body 32nd
  • the stripping elements 29 can also be produced monolithically from a wear-resistant material.
  • the base body has a smaller thickness than the stripping tools. In this way, a two-sided projection of the stripping tools on the Grundköper, so that the main body to the adjacent rotor discs maintains a greater distance than the stripping tools.
  • a separating wall 46 is arranged in the direction of flow after the stripping devices 25, which divides the material outlet 11 into a middle channel for the material flow 42 and two lateral channels for the material flows 44.
  • the crop flows 44 occur when the rotors are reversed, with disturbing feed material or foreign bodies being discharged from the device.
  • Fig. 1 and 3 show a symmetrical structure of the stripping elements 29 with respect to their vertical center plane, which ensures that the stripping elements 29 are able to perform their function optimally in Reversier Anlagen can. Irrespective of this, embodiments are also within the scope of the invention whose stripping elements are designed asymmetrically or have only an effective reaming edge.
  • FIG. 5 Another embodiment of the invention with only one rotor 14 'is shown in FIG FIG. 5 shown.
  • the substructure 1 ', the housing 2', the material inlet 9 'and the material outlet 11' have a basically the same structure as that under the Fig. 1 to 4 described embodiment.
  • the second rotor of the cutting mechanism is missing, with which the comminuting tools of the rotor 14 'could cooperate, on the inside of the transverse wall 4', a comb-like stator 38 is arranged, whose teeth in the Intermediate spaces between the rotor disks 19 'engage. The comminuting work is thus performed by the rotor disks 19 'and the stator tools 38.
  • the stripping device 25 corresponds to that already under the Fig. 1 to 4 described, so that is referred to what is said there.
  • a subdivision of the material outlet 11 'by means of a partition wall 46' is provided, which prevents in the reversing insufficiently comminuted feed material 44 or foreign matter with the material flow 42 mix.
  • peripheral functional components which in a corresponding manner also in the embodiment according to the Fig. 1 to 4 can be used.
  • the functional components essentially comprise a sieve 39, which ensures that only sufficiently comminuted feed material is supplied to the further production processes. Not yet sufficiently comminuted feed material is fed via a material return 40 again the material inlet 9 'and thus subjected to further comminution.
  • large-sized, cutting-capable feed material for example used tires
  • feed material is fed via the material inlet 9, 9 'to the comminuting space 5, 5'.
  • the rotary comminution tools 21, 21 ' grasp the feed material, pull it in the course of their rotation and cut it with their effective edges.
  • the comminuted feed material is then discharged from the device via the material outlet 11, 11 '.
  • the material flow is illustrated by the arrows 41, 42 and 42 '.
  • the stripping means 25, 25 ' is provided, which engages with their on the shaft or spacers 20, 20' adjacent edges of the stripping elements 29 under the material collections and this lifts radially outwards. If necessary, the lateral edges of the Stripping elements 29 in conjunction with the crushing tools 21, 21 'of the rotor disks 19, 19' perform additional crushing work. Since the stripping devices 25, 25 'are located in the throughflow direction of the comminution chamber 5, 5' directly behind the rotors 14, 14 'and 16, ie lie in their flow shadows, the sufficiently comminuted feed material can pass unimpeded to the material outlet 11, 11'.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Dispositif pour le broyage de matériaux déversables par coupe ou cisaillement comprenant au moins un rotor (14, 16, 14') logé dans un carter (2, 2") et pourvu de plusieurs disques de rotor (19, 19") espacés axialement les uns des autres formant ainsi des espaces intermédiaires et pourvus sur leur pourtour d'outils de broyage (21) qui interagissent avec d'autres outils de broyage (21; 38) pour réaliser le broyage ainsi que d'élément de raclage fixes (29) pénétrant en direction radial dans les espaces intermédiaires, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de raclage fixes (29) se trouvent, par rapport à la direction de flux du matériau (41, 42, 42'), dans la zone morte d'au moins un rotor (14, 16, 14'), un écart (45, 45') étant prévu entre au moins un rotor (14, 16, 14') et au moins une paroi de carter axialement parallèle (4) lequel permettant le passage du matériau d'alimentation lors du fonctionnement en marche arrière.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend aussi une barre-support fixe (26) disposée parallèlement à l'axe d'au moins un rotor (14, 16, 14') sur laquelle sont fixés les éléments de raclage (29).
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de raclage (29) ont un contour approximativement trapézoïdal, le coté de l'élément de raclage (29) formant la base du trapèze étant assigné à l'axe (15) du rotor en maintenant un écart radial et ayant une courbure concave, le coté le plus court de l'élément de raclage face à la base étant lié à la barre-support (26).
  4. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la largeur de l'écart radial est d'au moins un millimètre.
  5. Dispositif selon les revendications 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que la courbure du côté formant la base est substantiellement égale ou supérieure à la courbure de la circonférence de la partie longitudinale du rotor faisant face radialement.
  6. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les cotés actifs des éléments de raclage (29) avoisinent au moins un rotor (14, 16, 14') selon un angle α > à 140 degrés
  7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de raclage (29) ont une forme monolithique.
  8. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de raclage (29) sont formés respectivement d'un élément de base (32) en forme de disque dont les bords opposés dans le sens de rotation forment une surface d'appui pour les outils de raclage (33).
  9. Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que, en direction axiale, les outils de raclage (33) sont plus larges que l'élément de base (32).
  10. Dispositif selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que les outils de raclage (33) et l'élément de base (32) ont la même largeur en direction axiale.
  11. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'à l'aide des moyens de centrage (30) les éléments de raclage (29) sont montés sur la barre-support (26) en formant une liaison parfaite.
  12. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que, pour pouvoir ouvrir le carter (2), la paroi de carter (4) parallèle à l'axe peut être pivotée en entier ou en parties (6, 7) autour d'un axe vertical (8).
  13. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce qu'une paroi de séparation (46, 46') est adjacente à l'unité de raclage (25) dans la direction de flux dans laquelle le matériau d'alimentation traverse le dispositif.
  14. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce qu'est prévu en aval des rotors (14, 16) un tamis (39) incluant un système de redirection (40) des refus de tamis vers l'ouverture d'alimentation (9).
  15. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce que les outils de broyage additionnels sont constitués d'outils fixes (38) ou d'un second rotor (16).
EP10001077.6A 2009-02-11 2010-02-03 Dispositif de broyage de matériaux de chargement dotés d'éléments de démoulage Active EP2218507B8 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009008448A DE102009008448A1 (de) 2009-02-11 2009-02-11 Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Aufgabegut mit Abstreifelementen

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2218507A2 EP2218507A2 (fr) 2010-08-18
EP2218507A3 EP2218507A3 (fr) 2013-08-28
EP2218507B1 true EP2218507B1 (fr) 2016-05-18
EP2218507B8 EP2218507B8 (fr) 2016-09-28

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US (1) US8201764B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2218507B8 (fr)
CA (1) CA2692911C (fr)
DE (1) DE102009008448A1 (fr)

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CN110038676B (zh) * 2019-05-15 2021-04-23 铜陵市浩天再生资源科技股份有限公司 一种二手电子产品回收处理装置
CN112642558A (zh) * 2019-10-11 2021-04-13 华林特钢集团有限公司 一种钢铁冶炼用废料处理装置
CN111068830B (zh) * 2019-11-21 2021-06-01 淮阴工学院 土壤粉碎装置
CN112156839A (zh) * 2020-07-31 2021-01-01 陕西榆林能源集团横山煤电有限公司 一种火电厂用磨煤机
CN112403575B (zh) * 2020-08-28 2022-01-04 南京沃瑞新能源科技有限公司 一种新能源光伏板生产用石墨粉多级碾磨及使用方法
CN112958213B (zh) * 2021-02-01 2022-07-05 高安常莹新型材料有限公司 一种釉料加工原材料处理设备
CN112973856A (zh) * 2021-02-22 2021-06-18 王仕长 一种小麦精制面粉自动出料研磨装置
CN113477675B (zh) * 2021-07-12 2022-05-27 冀东水泥璧山有限责任公司 固体无机物危废处理生产线以及处理方法
CN114273003B (zh) * 2021-12-30 2023-04-07 沈阳华农金冠生物科技有限公司 一种猪饲料加工用防粘壁的粉碎烘干一体化设备
CN115445719B (zh) * 2022-11-11 2023-02-07 山东鸿昌铁合金有限公司 一种铝剪切用破碎装置
CN115716079A (zh) * 2022-11-15 2023-02-28 福建泉州皓龙机械科技有限公司 一种环保废料二次回收粉碎装置
CN116277579B (zh) * 2023-01-17 2023-09-29 河北橡一医药科技股份有限公司 医药胶塞原料混合用密炼机
CN118022902B (zh) * 2024-03-28 2024-08-16 青岛大学 一种食品工程用的原料碾压粉碎装置及其使用方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2218507A3 (fr) 2013-08-28
EP2218507A2 (fr) 2010-08-18
CA2692911A1 (fr) 2010-08-11
EP2218507B8 (fr) 2016-09-28
CA2692911C (fr) 2013-11-26
DE102009008448A1 (de) 2010-09-02
US20100206970A1 (en) 2010-08-19
US8201764B2 (en) 2012-06-19

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