WO2014173384A1

WO2014173384A1 - Device for comminuting fragmented residual products from a palm oil extraction process

Info

Publication number: WO2014173384A1
Application number: PCT/DE2014/000188
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hans-Joachim Auerbach; Dietrich Bestehorn; Reinhard Bestehorn; Bernhard Stollberg
Original assignee: Wabio Technologie Gmbh; Bestehorn Sondermaschinenbau GmbH & Co. KG
Priority date: 2013-04-16
Filing date: 2014-04-11
Publication date: 2014-10-30
Also published as: MY195294A; DE102014005328A1; WO2014173384A8; DE112014001990A5

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for comminuting fragmented residual products from a palm oil extraction process. Such a technical solution is required primarily in the palm oil industry for the mechanical comminution process as a prerequisite for the material and energetic use of fragmented residual products.

Description

Apparatus for comminuting lumpy residues of

Palm oil production

The invention relates to a device for crushing lumpy residues of palm oil production. Such a technical solution is for mechanized comminution as a prerequisite for a material and energetic use of lumpy residues especially in the

Palm oil industry needed.

In addition to pasty sludges and highly organically polluted

Production waste water is the so-called EFB in palm oil mills

(Empty Fruit Bunches). Both the pasty sludges and the production wastewater offer no material for a material and energetic utilization by means of preferably anaerobic treatment

Difficulties because the contained biogenic ingredients are sufficiently well mechanically digested and can be easily suspended for an efficient wet fermentation. In contrast, the fruit tufts freed of palm kernels with dimensions of up to 600 mm in length and individual masses of up to 6.5 kg are neither sufficiently mechanical

unlocked still not shredded suitable for transport by pumping technology. With average moisture contents of up to 75%, this material is energetically available only as a lumpy fuel energetically, in these cases, at least the initial contents of the

Plant nutrients sulfur and nitrogen irretrievably lost

| Confirmation copy | go and a considerable part of the energy contained for that

Evaporation of the water contained is claimed.

Preferably, for the purpose of accelerated rotting individual granulators are used for coarsening the EFB to under

Acceptance of the emission of greenhouse gases associated with open composting and the concurrent loss

Plant nutrient potential to be able to dispose of this residue of palm oil production in the plantations. However, even this coarse crushing requires a repair and maintenance costs for re-sharpening the cutting blade used as crushing tools, which is neither staffing nor economically justifiable for the recovery of a finely divided for the subsequent suspension comminution.

For an ecologically, energetically, materially, logistically and economically superior exploitation of the EFB stands in the meantime a biotechnological system proven on an industrial scale by means of anaerobic

Wet fermentation available.

By contrast, a suitable technical solution for material shredding is still lacking.

Crushers are known from the meat processing industry, which operate on the so-called Wolf principle, and with which, for example, bone-containing animal body parts and / or frozen meat are crushed. In order to be able to use such techniques multivalent, various further developments have already been made. For example, the DD 290823 A5 proposes to equip the perforated disc of a meat grinder as kalibrierendes element with holes of less than 2 mm in diameter over a length of about 60% of the perforated disc thickness of the crushing tool opposite side with enlarged blind holes or conical chamfers be made. Such a technical solution may possibly be used for the production of fine-grained sausage mixtures from bone-free meat, but not for the comminution of partially lignified large-volume plant residues.

Furthermore, the DD 275624 AI discloses, for the purpose of increased material compression before the crushing area of a Wolf crusher within the pressure housing for the screw the

To increase the screw core in the conveying direction to the outer diameter of the screw. This technical solution is primarily used to transfer the function of a pressure generator within the pressure housing of the screw, thus in the cutting area and / or by means of a

calibrating perforated disc a fine-grained crushing material can be obtained.

With the perforated disk-knife combination described in DE 19802782 C2, it is proposed in the interest of a uniform nature of the comminuted material to step the cylindrical through-holes in the perforated disk and thus to execute them in a common axis but with different diameters. Because the larger dimensions of the through holes on the side of the

Cutting tool are arranged, should be a qualitätsbefünstigende give more uniform residence time of the crushed material in the perforated disc.

With the knife assembly described in DE 200181 13 Ul for a

Cutting set, which also works in a Wolf principle

Crusher can be used,

is pointed out the possibility of the crushing tool between a flow in front of the crushing tool of

Pre-shredding counter blade and a perforated plate

use and self-sharpening in the crushing tool

Use pipe sections of different profiling.

However, such a play-free fit of the shearing edges of crushing tool and counter cutting has proved to be of little help for dry matter-rich plant parts in the previous experiments.

Finally, DE 202010006258 Ul contains the proposal for an abrasion protection for cutting set systems of the Wolf principle

working crushing machines, which should be insensitive to damage due to contained in the crushed hard materials. For this purpose, the pre-cutter is equipped with a separating bush, which prevents the formation of tool or Störstoffabrieb and its entry into the crushed material in the event of a blockade. However, a technical solution for the reliable crushing of lumpy and partially woody plant parts is also not available. What is needed is a technical solution that will enable the effective comminution of lumpy to coarse residues (50mm to 500mm in size) of palm oil production with high productivity, low specific energy expenditure and low

Tool wear can be realized. At the same time that should

shredded material should be characterized by a uniform physical nature and be susceptible to be suspended in a liquid medium without problems.

The object is achieved according to the invention by a device according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the subclaims.

Thereafter, there is a device for crushing lumpy to lumpy residues of palm oil production of the order of 50 mm to 500mm) using the so-called Wolf principle from a hopper, one with a variable speed

Drive unit equipped worm, which is non-positively connected to a cutting tool containing cutting, and arranged on both sides of the rotary crushing tool counter cutters, of which the discharge side counter blade as

Perforated disk is formed.

To solve the problem, the outer diameter of the screw is at least 200 mm. The pitch between two adjacent screw flights of the screw in the hopper area has a dimension of at least 250 mm. The frontal boundary of the hopper in the conveying direction of the screw is from a height of at least 30% of the screw outer diameter above the upper edge of the screw with an inclination between 30 ° and 60 ° relative to the vertical formed so that the acute angle in the transport direction between the inclined part of the frontal boundary of the hopper and the axis of the screw results. Furthermore, the pitch of the screw within the cylindrical housing between the hopper and the crushing area is carried out with a continuous reduction to a maximum of 40% of the pitch of the screw within the hopper.

The core of the screw is between the screw flights within the cylindrical housing between the feed hopper and the

Crushing range over a length of at least 30% of the length of the cylindrical housing to run just before the crushing region with a continuous increase in the diameter.

To the essence of the invention, it is also important that the crushing area is arranged with the crushing tool and the counter-cutting in the form of Vorschneideinsatzes and the perforated disc on a detachable from the worm exchange pin, which acts as a predetermined breaking point in extreme overload case and always simplifies maintenance in normal wear, accelerated and cheaper.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the worm is directly coupled to a drive unit. This can be avoided when entering binding an unwanted caster of a medium, for example, medium V-belt operated gear and, if necessary, a direction reversal initiated. Furthermore This is the working safety when dealing with the

Crushing unit improved. An encapsulation of the counter and the installation of security elements are no longer necessary because there are no toothed or V-belts, where you can injure yourself.

Advantageously, the drive unit with a power of

equipped with at least 45 kW. With such a capacity exist on the one hand at sites of palm oil mills sufficient energetic installation requirements and on the other hand satisfactory orders of magnitude for the mass flows to be crushed.

It belongs to the equipment features of the device that the

Drive unit is designed with a load-dependent direction of rotation change device. Thus, impending blockages can be prevented and a quasi-continuous machine operation can be maintained.

In a further embodiment, the outer diameter of the

Worm at least 4 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical housing between the hopper and the

Scrapping performed.

This contributes to undesirable material wear and / or energy loss due to contacts between the screw and the pressure housing between the hopper and the crushing area

load-dependent deformations of the screw prevented.

It has proven advantageous to maximize the magnification of the

Diameter of the soul of the snail to a size between 60 and 75% to limit the outside diameter of the screw. Hereby, the pressure build-up caused by the increase in diameter of the core is limited to a level, whereby the remaining moisture of the comminuted material favors the flow of the material through the perforated disk.

The part of the worm which is possibly wearing and thus requiring repair or replacement is the worm axis within the worm shaft

Crushing area. This is therefore designed as detachably arranged by the worm change pin. This change pin is positively and rotatably connected to the shaft of the screw. In the event of a malfunction, replacement or repair of the interchangeable spigot is thus possible without disassembly of the worm. In case of

Operating errors, for example as a result of the supply of lumpy metallic and / or mineral impurities, it should come explicitly to the breaking point in an easily accessible place. This function is also fulfilled by the appropriate dimensioned spigot.

The Vorschneideinsatz and the perforated disc are secured against rotation on the cylindrical housing between the hopper and the

Crushing arranged. Furthermore, between the

Pre-cutting insert and the perforated disc arranged the crushing tool. Only the crushing tool is positively connected to the change pin and is thereby moved in parallel with the axis of the screw between the counter cutters. In a further embodiment, a spacer ring with the crushing tool rotatably guided therein is arranged between the rough cutting insert and the perforated disk, wherein the spacer ring and the

Shredding tool are confused inseparable. Preferably, the crushing tool is guided in the spacer ring by a circumferential on the inner diameter of the spacer ring and arranged in the axial direction with a game of at least 1 mm. The width of the spacer ring is made between 0.05 and 0.8 mm larger than the width of the crushing tool.

Furthermore, the inner diameter of the spacer ring is larger than that

Outer diameter of the holes arranged in the perforated disc executed.

The perforated disc is stabilized from the outside, that is, counter to the transport direction of the comminuted material, by a support element. The support effect is advantageously achieved by at least 3 ribs and an inner ring. Another object of the support element is the storage of the screw, including the support member includes a plain bearing bush. Although the support element is the prerequisite for the deformation-proof use of comparatively thin perforated disks, the perforated disks are made with thicknesses between 20 and 50 mm.

The holes of the perforated disc are preferably arranged outside the contact surfaces for the ribs of the support element.

In the interest of the highest possible free cross section in the perforated disc, the openings in the perforated disc not only circular, but also polygonal, preferably hexagonal cross-sections have. With the Increasing the open cross-sectional area in the perforated disk reduces the average flow velocity in the perforated disk, which leads to a welcome further shortening of the average fiber lengths after passing through the comminution tool with constant throughput.

The openings in the perforated disc and in the pre-cutter can be produced both by means of a metal-cutting process and by dispensing with a subsequent machining by casting. Likewise, the openings of the hole slide and the pre-cutter can also be generated by laser, plasma or water jet as well as by the use of an autogenous burner.

To solve the problem of the invention, the holes of the perforated disc diameter or clear cross-sectional dimensions between 16 and 60 mm.

The apertures of the perforated disc can be performed conically widened in the conveying direction by at least two degrees, whereby blockages can be prevented and the energy consumption of the machine can be reduced.

Preferably, the cooperating with the Vorschneideinsatz cutting the crushing tool are at an obtuse angle in the case of the use of compression which tends to be crushed, preferably formed with an angle of between 125 ⁰ and 145 ^0th

This avoids that there is a stronger compression of the crushed material between the perforated disc and precut with an interruption of the supply of material to the crushing unit. In the absence of supply of material located in the space between the precut and perforated disc material would be moved by the rotating crushing tool steadily circular in the pressure tube. This movement creates compression and drainage of the material, which can result in drive overloads when re-feeding material. The intended obtuse training of cooperating with the Vorschneideinsatz cutting the

Crushing tool effectively prevents this effect without noticeably affecting the required pre-shredding process.

The advantages of the invention are summarized in one now

available technical solution, which differs from the hitherto commercially used technical solutions in the comminution of lumpy

Residues in the palm oil production is distinguished in several respects. First and foremost, the comminution of lumpy residues accumulating during palm oil production can now be largely and reliably mechanized. This fulfills a decisive prerequisite for their material and energy recovery.

Likewise, both the specific energy consumption and the specific repair costs for the operation of the

Reduced waste shredding to an economically acceptable level. Basically, the developed technical solution also offers the possibility to dispense with the use of power electronics for a speed-controlled drive and / or for a change of direction.

The proposed technical solution is therefore considered an indispensable measure for a palm oil production, the high demands on the

ecological compatibility as well as the sustainability required. The invention will be explained in more detail below with an exemplary embodiment.

In the attached drawing show

Fig. 1: the schematic representation of selected components of

device according to the invention;

Fig. 2: the schematic sectional view of the end wall design of the hopper;

Fig. 3: the schematic sectional view of the components of

Crushing area;

4: the schematic sectional view of

Crushing tool with the spacer ring;

Fig. 5: the schematic view of the perforated disc with the

superior support element;

Fig. 6: the schematic sectional view of the holes in the

Perforated disc;

Fig. 7: the schematic isometric view of the components of the crushing area; 8: the schematic representation of the comminuting tool with differently shaped cutting edges;

9: the schematic representation of the screw of the

Where lump grinder.

Embodiment:

A device for comminution of lumpy to lumpy

Residues of the palm oil industry with dimensions ranging from about 5 cm x 10 cm to 30 cm x 50 cm were developed using the so-called Wolf principle.

According to FIGS. 1 to 9, this device consists of a feeding hopper 1 with upper flange dimensions of 1,000 mm length and 800 mm width and a total height of 900 mm. At the bottom of the

Feeding hopper 1, a screw 3 is arranged, which is directly coupled via a thrust bearing behind the rear end wall with a geared motor. The screw 3 has an outer diameter of 335 mm and in

Area of the hopper 1 a pitch between the

Helix twists 12 of 280 mm.

The installed nominal output of worm drive 2 was chosen to be 45 kW.

The variable-speed drive 2 of the screw 3 is ensured by a frequency converter, which serves as a load-dependent controlled speed change device 6, for a maximum load of 1 10 kW. The frontal boundary 7 located in the transport direction

Feeding hopper 1 is funnel-shaped from a height of 150 mm above the upper edge 8 of the screw 3 so that between the

Helix axis and the partially funnel-shaped frontal boundary 7 of the hopper 1 an angle of about 45 ° results.

Seen in the transport direction, a cylindrical housing 9 is arranged after the hopper 1.

The inner diameter of the cylindrical housing is 340 mm and is made larger than the outer diameter of the screw 3rd

Both the bottom of the hopper 1 and the arranged on the hopper 1 cylindrical housing 9 is formed in a known manner with 25 mm high ridge-shaped Zugrippen 25 to avoid predominantly radial material movement in the screw 3. Of the

Outer diameter of the screw 3, however, is dimensioned at 285 mm by 5 mm smaller than that enclosed by the trains in the cylindrical housing 9 circle.

The length of the cylindrical housing 9 between the hopper 1 and the crushing area 10 is 600 mm. Until immediately before the comminution region 10, the diameter of the core 1 1 of the screw 3 is continuously increased over a length of 300 mm. The diameter of the core 11 before enlargement is 150 mm and immediately before the comminution area 10 215 mm. The shaft 15 or the shaft of the screw 3 is executed from the crushing region 10 extended by a removable and form-fitting fitted change pin 13. This change pin 13 takes both the crushing tool 4 and the counter cutting in the form of Vorschneideinsatzes 14 and the perforated disc 5 and the support member 20 for the stabilization of highly loaded perforated disc 5 on. The free end of the interchangeable pin 13 is guided in a repository. The device components

Vorschneideinsatz 14, the spacer ring 16, the perforated disc 5, the

Support member 20 and the storage area of the interchangeable 13th

receiving repository of the screw 3 are successively in

inserted cylindrical housing 9 and then fixed by means of locking element 21 as a quick release device. The with the spacer ring 16

confoundingly connected crushing tool 4, however, with a prismatic recess on the change pin 13 with this form-fitting coupled and thus the only rotatable component of the entire crushing range 10. For this is arranged on the inner diameter of the spacer ring 16 circumferential collar 17 with the arranged on the outer periphery of the crushing tool 4 Groove in connection. With the axial clearance of 1.4 mm between the circumferential collar 17 and the groove in the crushing tool 4 is ensured in the first place that the simultaneous regrinding of the crushing tool 4 and the respective edge of the spacer ring 16, the required

Working dimensions between the crushing tool 4 and the

Counter cutting 5, 14 remain unchanged. This in

Transport direction of the crushed material after the perforated disc. 5

arranged support member 20 serves to stabilize the perforated disc 5 by the perforated disc 5 is supported by three arranged at an angle of 120 degrees ribs 19 and a support ring. Except for

Contact surfaces of the support member 19 and outside of the

Crushing tool 4 coated surface of the perforated plate 5, the perforated disc is equipped with openings 18. These in the interest of the largest possible free passage of material closely spaced openings 18 have at the

Crushing tool 4 facing side before the first regrinding a diameter of 33 mm. The in the conveying direction of

Chopped good seen conically extended executed openings 18 have a steady increase in diameter up to 35 mm on the stabilized by the support ribs 19 side of the perforated disc.

Due to the device designed in this way, large-volume EFB are also used as particularly particulate residues of palm oil production from the

Feeding hopper 1 fed by means of the screw 3 in the cylindrical housing 9. Both by the optional reduction of the pitch as the distance of the adjacent screw coil 12 on the outer diameter of the screw 3 and by partially increasing the diameter of the soul 1 1 of the screw 3 occurs in the cylindrical housing 9 to a material compression, the partial expulsion of fluid portions in the crushed material in the form of oily and aqueous components through the holes in the wall of the cylindrical housing 9 leads. The

The screw 3 presses the compacted material first through the openings of the precut set 14. The with the rotating

Crushing tool 4 shearing edges of the open surfaces of Vorschneideinsatzes 14 form the corresponding counter-blades to the corresponding cutting edges 22 of the crushing tool 4. At these edges, a first crushing of the crushed material. The pre-shredded material is then turned from the rotating

Crushing tool 4 is rotated and transported in front of the openings 18 of the perforated disc 5. The further compressed comminuted material then passes into the openings 18 of the perforated disc 5 and is here already re-comminuted when entering the openings 18 by the cutting edges 23 of the comminution tool 4, which shear with the edges of the openings 18.

Wear of the cutting edges 22, 23 of the comminution tool 4 and / or the counterblades on the precut set 14 and on the perforated disc 5 leads to an increased power consumption of the variable-speed drive 2 of the screw 3, whereby it is possible to a large extent

programmatically either to carry out the comminution process temporarily with a reduced throughput or on schedule and

preventively re-sharpening the cutting 22, 23 am

Crushing tool 4 and at the counter-cutting edges 5, 14 to

cause.

The compacting of the shredded material between pre-cutter and

Perforated disk 5 is avoided in case of interruptions of the material supply, that the cooperating with the Vorschneideinsatz 14 cutting 22 of the crushing tool 4 are made at an obtuse angle of 135 °, while with the perforated disc. 5

cooperating cutting edges 23 of the comminution tool 4 are formed at right angles. The inclined surfaces of the knife cause that in case of a disruption of the material supply, the material, which is located between the perforated disc and pre-cutter, back into the

Pre-cutter is pressed.

This results in idling that co-rotation of the material is avoided by the rotary crushing tool. The co-rotation would lead to a compression / drainage of the material, which would block the holes of the perforated disc. As a result, it could be too a drive overload come on re-Materiaizufuhr to the crushing unit.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 feeding funnel

2 variable speed drive

3 snail

4 shredding tool

5 perforated disc

6 direction of rotation change device

7 frontal boundary of the hopper

8 upper edge of the screw

cylindrical housing

10 crushing area

1 1 soul of the snail

12 spiral spiral

13 change pin

14 pre-cutting insert

15 wave of the snail

16 spacer ring

17 surrounding collar

18 openings in the perforated disc

19 ribs of the support element

20 support element

21 locking element

22 cooperating with the Vorschneideinsatz cutting edge of the crushing tool

23 cooperating with the perforated disc cutting edge of

Crushing tool

24 Direction of rotation of the shredding tool

25 bar-shaped tension rib

Claims

claims

1. Apparatus for crushing lumpy residues of

Palm oil production using the so-called Wolf principle, consisting of a hopper (1), a with a variable-speed drive unit (2) equipped worm (3) which is non-positively connected to a cutting tool containing cutting (4) and both sides of the rotary comminution tool ( 4) arranged counter-blades, of which the discharge side counter-blade as

Perforated disc (5) is formed, characterized

that the outer diameter of the screw (3) is at least 200 mm; that the pitch between two adjacent screws in the screw (3) in the region of the hopper (1) is at least 250 mm;

that the frontal boundary (7) of the hopper (1) in the

Conveying direction of the screw (3) from a height of at least 30% of the worm n-outer diameter over the upper edge (8) of the screw (3) is formed with an inclination between 30 and 60 ⁰ relative to the vertical; in that the pitch of the screw (3) within the cylindrical housing (9) between the feed hopper (1) and the comminuting section (10) is reduced to a constant 60% of the pitch of the screw (3) within the hopper (1) ;

in that the core (11) of the screw (3) is located between the screw flights (12) within the cylindrical housing (9) between the feed hopper (1) and the comminution section (10) over a length of at least 30% of the length of the cylindrical housing ( 9) until just before

Crushing area (10) with a gradual and / or continuous

Magnification of the diameter is executed and

in that the comminuting section (10) with the comminuting tool (4) and the counterblades in the form of the pre-cutting insert (14) and the perforated disc (5) is arranged on an exchangeable journal (13) which can be released by the screw (3).

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the

Worm (3) with a drive unit (2) directly coupled to the

Drive unit (2) equipped with a capacity of at least 45 kW and

with a load-dependent direction of rotation change device (6) is executed.

3. Device according to one of claims lund 2, characterized in that the outer diameter of the screw (3) is at least 2 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical housing (9) between the hopper (1) and the crushing region (10).

4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the increase in the diameter of the soul (1 1) to a level between 60 and 75% of the outer diameter of the screw (3);

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the interchangeable pin (13) positively and non-rotatably connected to the shaft (16) of the screw (3) and that the crushing tool (4) is positively connected to the change pin (13) ,

6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the Vorschneideinsatz (14) and the perforated disc (5) secured against rotation on the cylindrical housing (9) between the hopper (1) and the crushing region (10) and between the Pre-cutting insert (14) and the perforated disc (5) the crushing tool (4) are arranged.

7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that between the pre-cutter (14) and the perforated disc (5) a

Spacer ring (16) are arranged therein rotatably guided crushing tool (4) and the spacer ring (16) and the crushing tool (4) are securely connected inseparable.

8. Device according to one of claims 6 and 7, characterized

in that the comminution tool (4) is guided in the spacer ring (16) by a collar (17) encircling the inner diameter of the spacer ring (16) and guided in the axial direction with a play of at least 1 mm, and in that the width of the spacer ring (16 ) is made between 0.05 and 0.8 mm larger than the thickness of the crushing tool (4).

9. Device according to one of claims 7 to 8, characterized

in that the inner diameter of the spacer ring (16) is greater than the outer diameter of the surface within which the openings (18) arranged in the perforated disc (5) are made.

10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized

characterized in that the perforated disc (5) with a thickness between 20 and 50 mm and from the outside by the ribs and an outer and a

Inner ring (19) of a support element (20) is designed stabilized and that the support element (20) includes at least three ribs (19).

11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the openings (18) arranged in the perforated disc (5) outside the contact surfaces for the ribs (19) of the support element (20) and with a circular or polygonal, preferably

hexagonal, cross-section are formed.

12. Device according to claim 1 1, characterized in that the openings (18) in the perforated disc (5) are produced by casting or by means of cutting or cutting process and have diameters or clearances between 16 and 50 mm.

13. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized

characterized in that the openings (18) of the perforated disc (5) in

Conveying direction are executed extended by at least 2 degrees conically.

14. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that in the case of use of tendency for compression

The material to be comminuted is the edges (22) of the comminuting tool (4) cooperating with the precutting insert (14),

are preferably formed with an angle between 125 ⁰ and 145 ⁰ .