DE19619411A1 - Machine for treatment of mineral material e.g. stone for tiles - Google Patents

Abstract

The machine (46) comprises a grinding device and at least one grading device (37). The lower side of an opening of a raw material (1) intake chute (2) is arranged on an installation surface beneath a height of about 170 cm. The treated products are discharged into at least two separate respective different particle size fractions (17-19). The flow direction can have a low construction height before the grading device.

Description

The invention relates to a compact machine for processing Minerals, preferably from soft to medium-hard rock, especially of roof and wall tiles, in which at least one Shredding device and at least one classifying device is present, according to the preamble of the claim.

When processing building demolition material on site or stationary building rubble recycling plants are mineral building materials, preferably roof or wall tiles, pumice or concrete for Recycled. Mineral demolition Granules made in selected grain size fractions to make them in construction or renovation measures, especially as Drainage material, fillers or additives, or as a mineral Part of greening substrates, or as litter, especially to use on tennis courts.

A compact crusher system is described in G 93 12 304.3 Frame in a simple way for the purpose of transportation on one Trucks or a trailer vehicle Container transport device, according to DIN 30 720, for transport can be coupled. The crusher can be on site Places with access, and preferably by means of  the height-adjustable support device of the Terrain shape and the required working height can be adjusted. Under the crusher is to separate the fraction an inclined classifying sieve up to approx. 4 mm dust-fine, which already requires a considerable height. Below the Classifying sieves are attached to conveyor belts, which is the required Working height also increased. This means that the task of breaking material already at a large input height. The input of building rubble material to be shredded into the The input shaft is therefore at a height that cannot be reached by hand. It are therefore mechanical aids for material input required, for example a shovel loader vehicle. The production of sorted granules can be done in Generally only by means of previous hand inspection, and thus Sorting out unwanted impurities, especially Glass, plastics, fiber cement, wood and metals. Sorting out after shredding would, if at all, only be achievable with a disproportionate effort.

The object of the invention is to provide a processing machine create that avoids the disadvantages mentioned above.

The input of the mineral to be processed should be done by hand allow for an efficient and time-saving entry with to enable simultaneous, manual pre-sorting. Furthermore should be an inexpensive processing machine with the lowest possible Construction costs are made possible. This should be the case for special cases be small and light that you can manually direct it to the demolition site can be worn for use even in locations enable that are only accessible, or for high or heavy processing machines are unsuitable. In addition, the Classification with the least possible effort and / or the least possible  Loss of height can be made possible.

So that the operator can manually process the mineral to be processed machine can enter the amount of the The lower edge of the input shaft is at most approx. 170 cm above the Footprint. The production of single varieties Recycling products can thus be manually in one and the same Operation by manual inspection during manual entry, and for example by the operation by only one person be carried out. The processing products are at machine according to the invention in at least two separate, each fractions comprising different grain size distributions carried out. Preferably only the fraction becomes dust-fine up to 0.5 mm pneumatically separated from the main fraction and from the Air filtered. In the working area of the machine can thus Example work without respiratory protection and the most unwanted dust-fine fraction is also from the Processing material removed. Due to the small size a Handy compact machine enables what a small Space requirements, a low weight, and an inexpensive Manufacturing is beneficial. The invention Processing machine, for example, can be built so that it can be carried directly to the demolition site by two people, for example staircases are not an insurmountable obstacle represent more. By entering hand-sighted and thus exclusively certain desired minerals, the Design of the machine according to the invention with reduced Requirements for exclusive use of, for example special lightweight materials such as pumice, soft fired brick or Plaster, much easier to build. In particular it is  thereby possible the shredding device to reduce costs without mechanical overload protection. The Shredding process or the material selection of Wear parts can also be specially designed for the Intended purpose. The drive energy can also be specially adapted. The reduction thus made possible Construction costs can include manufacturing costs and machine weight be significantly reduced. It also enables smallest, compact and extremely light, and therefore portable Processing machines are realizable, which at Building demolition measures, preferably directly at the demolition point can be used. The use is therefore in places possible where hoists or industrial trucks are not used can, for example in buildings, on floor ceilings, Scaffolding, roofs, parapets or the like. Especially can in a preferred variant of the machine according to the invention at least the stand removed in a few easy steps, or be converted to the carrying frame to a simplified, manual Transport in tight spaces, for example for installation on a scaffolding floor or a floor ceiling perform. Due to the increased installation on floor ceilings or work scaffolding can remove the manufactured Granules using simple pipes or slides in below erected collection container, or on a heap. Mechanical conveyor systems can thus be saved. Often a discharge is as high as possible, like for example to load a wheelbarrow or one Conveyor belt, desired. This is in the contradictory Demand for the lowest possible height of the upper edge of the Input slot. Therefore, in the machine according to the invention  advantageously crushing devices and / or Classification devices with the lowest possible height preferred.

As a preferred classifying device, for example, horizontal or very flat arranged classifying sieves, which the Advantage of low energy consumption, a low overall height and of a resulting deep center of gravity. Instead of the bottom sieve surface is preferably a closed sheet metal base used, so this as a height-saving discharge channel works. Additional conveyors or drives can thereby be saved. Several are preferably as dense as possible perforated screen surfaces lying one above the other, whereby the individual screen surfaces preferably interchangeable, and on the desired grain sizes of the individual fractions are tunable. It is preferably directly above the entrance to the classifying device a low-build shredder arranged.

The resulting in the processing machine according to the invention Emissions, especially in the form of dust and noise, can already by means of simple, at least partially with respect to the ambient air separate encapsulation, for example in the form of housings, or encapsulated screen decks, can be significantly reduced. Housing parts are to reduce structure-borne noise, preferably over mechanical ones Functional parts decoupled. Sound absorbing coverings are on flat housing parts preferably applied inside. Preferably at least the shredding device and the short path to encapsulated to the classification unit. This can occur at transitions from fixed to moving parts by installing flexible, preferably completely closed curtains. The exit emissions from the machine according to the invention can thereby  can already be significantly reduced.

An almost complete avoidance of dust pollution in the Work area of the operator of the machine according to the invention can can be achieved by keeping the dust as close as possible to the Place of origin, namely preferably in the area after the Shredding, so that dust-fine particles, preferably up to a grain size of about 0.5 mm, from which Treatment product are removed as completely as possible. Other unwanted light materials, such as small wood Paper or plastic particles can be extracted from the Treatment product to be removed depending on the size Example filtered out of the dust fraction, and preferably to be collected separately. This can go so far that the entire classification by means of air currents of different strength, and thus a mechanical Classification can be completely eliminated. The pneumatic classification has the advantage that in the same operation and with little Classification and discharge of the processing products can be done. Mechanical conveyors, such as Conveyor belts, cup or screw conveyors, can completely omitted. However, the pneumatic energy used is limited the quantity, amount and type of the delivery products.

In the event that the dust-fine or light particles in coarse-grained preparation product should remain, the  Dust emission in the work area of the operator of the invention Machine, by introducing water mist into the room inside the encapsulation or the cladding. The encapsulation or the panel reduces the escape of the Water mist to the ambient air. So there is little water mist needed and the water consumption, and thus the unwanted Water entry into the shredding product can be significantly reduced will. The water mist can preferably be produced using Ultrasound done. This will reduce energy and water consumption reduced to an extremely low level. On a connection on municipal water network can therefore be dispensed with. A refueling with canisters is sufficient, what a decentralized Operation is advantageous. This can make it a special one low emissions and therefore permanently reasonable operation of the machine according to the invention are made possible.

In the processing machine according to the invention, depending on Any size reduction process can be used as required.

Preferably, a granulate is produced, the maximum Grain size does not exceed the desired grain size. That has the Advantage that a classification process to separate accruing Oversize, and its subsequent return to the repeated Passing through the shredding device can be completely eliminated. It also avoids that due to the repeated Shredding run a larger proportion of unwanted Dust-fine to fine-grained shredding products are created. Of the Construction effort can also be kept low and a compact design is therefore possible.  

In the processing machine according to the invention, the Comminution takes place by means of roll crusher, at least one driven shredding roller is present. The Comminution process is preferably carried out by milling, tearing, squeezing or cutting. The result is a constant feed Material flow that is not prone to congestion. Advantageously results in low energy consumption and one low height with the possibility of a compact and inexpensive design.

Preferably, a roll crusher can be used, which with two toothed rollers rotating in the opposite direction of rotation Is provided. These tear up the mineral and press this with their teeth through one between the two toothed rollers standing, comb-like, provided with slit-shaped openings Die. Due to the large effective attack width of the toothed rollers can mineral materials with large dimensions, especially roof or Bricks are crushed. The fact that the minerals through a die can be pressed, and the teeth of the toothed roller Alternately opening and closing openings of the die will emerging grain is limited in its maximum size, and thus can no so-called oversize in the processing product of machine according to the invention arise. The between the tooth rollers standing matrix forms the crushing abutment and can, if necessary Flow direction of the comminution products can be stored flexibly. This has the advantage that in the event of an overload, in particular by the accidental entry of metal pieces or other unbreakable objects, the resistance of the matrix the toothed rollers can be limited and therefore no damage to the  Machine is created. The matrix can be evasive in the event of an overload in the direction of flow of the mineral to be pushed to Ending the overload again automatically in their Return to starting position. If mechanical anyway Overload protection a blocking by an oversized object occurs, the electrical overload protection takes the form of a Motor protection switch for switching off the drive motor.

Preferably, in the machine according to the invention Comminution is carried out using a roller crusher. The mineral is between a cylindrical toothed roller and a retracted parallel to its central axis, at least in the end of the crushing surface Crushing gap, teeth are arranged. The teeth on the crushing surface are so compared to the roller teeth transverse to the direction of rotation of the roller offset that the roller teeth between the teeth of the crushing surface intervening. The tooth roller is yours Center axis driven so that the mineral between Crushing surface and tooth roller in a wedge-shaped, with teeth occupied crushing gap is drawn. To the invention Machine from overload damage due to hidden metal parts or To protect the like, the crushing surface is preferably flexible mounted swing arm, the swing arm pivot in The area of the mineral feed and the swing end in the area of the smallest crushing gap is arranged. The swing arm axis is arranged parallel to the central axis of the toothed roller. The swinging end is preferably preferred by means of adjustable springs adjustable stop pressed, which results in the crushing gap. The crushing gap is during the crushing through the roller teeth alternating, essentially complete, open and closed,  whereby no oversize grain can arise.

This configuration has the advantage that large mineral pieces, in particular clay brick or pumice masonry in one operation can be shredded without jams and blockages. In the with The particularly large construction width enables the input shaft Mineral input by several people at the same time. The performance of the processing machine can thus be increased. The Overall height and the required construction effort is low. A Pre-shredding is not necessary.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention Processing machine is used to crush the mineral Hammer breaker used. It is located in a housing Rotor, on which several hammers are movably mounted. When the rotor rotates, the hammers are directed by the centrifugal force perpendicular to the direction of rotation of the rotor, and offer the in the Mineral input housing a crushing resistance, which mainly occurs when hitting the mineral Blow works. The mineral is hereby converted into a circular motion rotates the rotor and strikes the housing Blow bars on, which breaks it additionally. Of the Hammer crusher is particularly powerful, inexpensive producible and for the shredding of almost all types of Minerals can be used.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention Processing machine is a for crushing the mineral Jaw crusher used. This creates the possibility of concrete or hard rock, especially granite curbs  inexpensive way and in a compact machine to crushed stone and Prepare grit. The low noise level of the jaw crusher and the low risk of injury to the operator is particularly important Advantage.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention Processing machine is at the mineral input in the area in front of the Crushing at least one metal sensor, preferably a Ferrous metal sensor available. This sensor does the job the message of a piece of metal switching off the invention Bring up the processing machine. This creates the Possibility of an inexpensive shredding process without to use built-in overload protection. The metal sensor, preferably an electromagnetic sensor, serves as inexpensive protection against damage to the Processing machine due to accidental entry of metals.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention is on Mineral input of the shredding at least one heat sensor, preferably an infrared sensor is available. This sensor has it Task when reaching into the operator Mineral supply a shutdown of the processing machine bring about. The feeler can be particularly sensitive to human Heat radiation can be set. This increases occupational safety of operating personnel from dangerous injuries. The cultivation of extended feed channels can thus be avoided will.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention is behind at least one classification output a conveyor  attached, the respective conveyor preferably a swivels laterally during operation and / or in the Discharge conveyor is adjustable. This makes it possible Processing machine according to the invention as a unit, including all conveyor belts to save time and space, preferably by means of a container transport vehicle, to move and in Bring work position. The operational readiness can be within can be produced in the shortest possible time. Because the conveyor belt can be swiveled sideways during operation and at the discharge height is adjustable, the processed material without Business interruption at the end of the conveyor belt, for example in containers be dropped. As soon as the container is full, the discharge of the Conveyor belt pivoted away to a position offset to the side to be placed in an empty container next to it throw in. A full container can therefore be replaced trouble-free and without interrupting the processing operation respectively. At the end of the operation, the conveyor belts can preferably pulled up using a winch to reduce the transport height folded down, and in a locked transport position be transported away.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention there is the machine has a base with runners to be placed on the Floor, with at least two wheels preferably near the Focus are attached, and preferably by means of Eccentric or hydraulic adjustment in relation to the underframe are supported in an adjustable height. To the transport position For example, the eccentrically mounted wheel axle can be used to manufacture by means of a lever arm opposite the underframe downwards, in a latching position, pressed, for example  a single person pulling the machine according to the invention or pushing. After changing location, the wheels relieved again and the base frame can again on the Sit on the ground to ensure that the machine is stable again bring about.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention Wheels firmly attached to the base frame. Also are at least three height-adjustable supports on the base frame available. The base frame can now be used with the supports can be individually adapted to the required working position.

In the following, the invention is illustrated by means of exemplary embodiments explained in more detail with reference to the drawing; in this shows:

Fig. 1 is a schematic, partly sectional illustration of a preferred embodiment,

FIG. 2 shows a schematic, horizontally sectioned illustration A / A of a comminution device shown in FIG. 3 of a preferred embodiment variant, FIG.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section B / B by the schematically shown in Fig. 2 crushing device,

Fig. 4 is a schematic, partly sectional illustration of a further preferred embodiment,

Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of the application of a preferred embodiment,

Fig. 6 is a schematic, partly sectional illustration of a further embodiment of the rendering engine according to the invention,

Fig. 7 is a schematic, partially sectioned representation of a further embodiment of the processing machine according to the invention.

In Fig. 1, a preferred embodiment in shape is shown a mobile compact machine. The operator manually throws the brick ( 1 ) into the input shaft ( 2 ), the metal sensor ( 3 ) checking the mineral for contained or adhering metals. If the metal sensor ( 3 ) detects metals, this causes the drive motor to be switched off to prevent possible overload damage or to prevent metals from entering the material being processed. The infrared sensor ( 4 ) set to the human body temperature can, for example, also switch off the drive motor when a human hand is located. The respective effective range of the sensors is shown with broken lines. The brick ( 1 ) falls through the input shaft ( 2 ) into the comminution device underneath, the two toothed rollers ( 5 and 6 ) tearing the brick into small pieces. The two toothed rollers ( 5 and 6 ) are driven in the opposite direction of rotation and press the mineral material through a slit-like, comb-like die ( 7 ). Because the teeth alternately open and close the slots, the upper grain size can be limited. The matrix ( 7 ) also forms the crushing abutment. So that no oversized pieces can pass outside the die ( 7 ), a comb-shaped slotted bottom ( 8 ) is attached in the edge area between the toothed rollers ( 5 and 6 ) and the housing. An encapsulated double screen deck ( 10 ), which is encapsulated on all sides and has openings only at the entrance and at the exits, is attached under the exit of the shredding device. The transition from the shredding device to the screen deck is flexibly closed with a rubber curtain ( 9 ) for the purpose of reducing emissions. In the enclosed space inside the rubber curtain ( 9 ), the shredding device and the double screen deck ( 10 ), the air is heavily polluted by noise and dust. In this encapsulated room, the sound breaks to a large extent and is therefore reduced to a small extent. In order to bind the dust, water mist from the ultrasonic nebulizer ( 13 ) can be introduced into the encapsulated space through the feed line ( 14 ) when the ambient air humidity is low. The double sieve deck ( 10 ) divides the granulate stream coming from the shredding device into three fractions comprising different particle size distributions, which are thrown off at the end of the sieve onto conveyor belts, in chutes or in wheelbarrows. The lowest and finest fraction ( 17 ) preferably comprises the grain sizes 0 to 2 mm, the middle fraction ( 18 ) the grain sizes 2 to 8 mm, and the uppermost and coarsest fraction ( 19 ) the grain size 8 to 16 mm. The eccentric shaft ( 21 ) arranged in the area of the center of gravity excites the double-screen deck ( 10 ), which is flexibly mounted on the springs ( 20 ), by its rotation to oscillate. The double sieve deck is divided into three levels by two perforated sieve surfaces with different hole sizes, whereby the hole size in the lower sieve surface is always smaller than in the upper one. The grains fall through the holes in the sieve surfaces using gravity. During the sieving process, the vibrations ensure that grains that are stuck or that are too large are thrown further in the direction of the sieve passage, and thus ensure a trouble-free flow of the sieve. The base frame ( 11 ) carries all essential components and defines the input and discharge height. Thanks to the two wheels ( 15 ) and the pull-out handles ( 12 ), the processing machine can be moved like a wheelbarrow. The water tank ( 16 ) supplies the ultrasonic nebulizer ( 13 ) with water and ensures a low center of gravity of the preparation machine according to the invention.

Fig. 2 shows a horizontal section through the shredding device shown in Fig. 3 of a preferred embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 3 shows a vertical section through the same shredding device.

The roof tile ( 22 ) is inserted into the input shaft and crushed by the toothed rollers ( 23 , 24 ) rotating in the opposite direction of rotation. The shredding takes place in two steps. In the first step, the pre-shredding takes place directly between the opposing teeth of the two toothed rollers ( 23 , 24 ). The crushing process is mainly done by pressing and shearing. The teeth are preferably provided with hard metal breaking edges and break the roof tiles into pieces, which is drawn towards the center into the space between the toothed rollers ( 23 , 24 ). Here, the second step in the form of post-comminution takes place, in that the pre-comminuted brick pieces are pressed by the teeth of the toothed rollers ( 23 , 24 ) through the slit-shaped spaces between the comb-like die ( 25 ). The result is a precisely defined, maximum grain size. At the lower end of the input shaft, the housing ( 27 ) is designed in such a way that the vertical feed walls are provided with slotted side walls ( 26 ), and thus prevent that pre-shredded, but oversized pieces of brick can leave the shredding device via the path on the outer wall of the housing. If the shredding device is overloaded, the die ( 25 ) is flexibly mounted on torsion bar springs ( 29 ) which can be preloaded by means of screws ( 28 ). In the event of an overload, for example, the accidental entry of a piece of metal creates an excessive pressure load on the die ( 25 ), which can thus spring downwards in order to briefly widen the cross section and allow the metal to pass through. This evasion is shown in the drawing by an interrupted double arrow located below the die ( 25 ). The drive mechanism can be protected against overload damage.

Oversized, unbreakable objects that do not fit between the two toothed rollers ( 23 , 24 ) result in the drive motor blocking and the motor protection switch switching off.

In FIG. 4 a further preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated.

The operator throws bricks, indicated by a human hand ( 30 ) and an arrow, through the flexible curtain made of rubber strips ( 31 ) into the input shaft ( 32 ). The slow-running, cylindrical toothed roller ( 33 ) of the single-roll crusher, which is driven by a drive motor ( 34 ), comminutes the mineral substance thrown in by pulling it into the wedge-shaped crushing gap ( 35 ), which is located at the lower end of the crushing surface ( 36 ), and there between Tooth roller ( 33 ) and crushing surface ( 36 ) crushed. The direction of rotation is indicated by an arrow in the toothed roller ( 33 ). The material feed is indicated by an arrow in the crushing gap ( 35 ). The crushing surface ( 36 ) designed as a rocker is provided with rows of teeth and flexibly mounted on springs at the lower end in the area of the crushing gap ( 35 ). The rocker axis is located at the upper end of the breaking surface ( 36 ) and runs parallel to the central axis of the toothed roller ( 33 ). The teeth ( 86 ) of the crushing surface ( 36 ) are laterally offset relative to the roller teeth ( 87 ) of the toothed roller ( 33 ), transversely to the direction of rotation of the toothed roller ( 33 ), so that they interlock, and the tooth spaces between the fixed teeth ( 86 ) the breaking surface ( 36 ) can be opened and closed alternately, essentially completely, by the rotating roller teeth ( 87 ) of the toothed roller ( 33 ). This produces granules with a precisely defined, maximum grain size, which falls on the horizontal sieve deck ( 37 ) underneath for classification. The transition area between shredding and classification is separated from the ambient air by means of a rubber curtain, water mist from an ultrasonic nebulizer being able to be introduced into this area if necessary via the feed line ( 38 ). The screen deck ( 37 ) is flexibly mounted on the base frame ( 39 ) by means of obliquely arranged leaf springs ( 89 ) and driven by means of an eccentric push rod ( 40 ). The classification outlet ( 85 ) throws off the two different grain fractions at the end of the sieve deck ( 37 ), which is indicated by two arrows. The fine fraction is thrown onto the conveyor belt ( 41 ) shown in the working position, and the coarse fraction onto another conveyor belt ( 42 ) shown in the folded-up transport position. The conveyor belts ( 41 , 42 ) are mounted so that they can be rotated axially so that their discharge point can be laterally displaced, which enables uninterrupted continuous operation. A cable winch ( 43 ) is attached to the underframe ( 39 ) to fold up or down the conveyor belts ( 41 , 42 ), which means that the discharge height of the conveyor belts ( 41 , 42 ) can be adjusted continuously.

A preferred application of the invention is shown schematically in FIG .

The drawing shows an older residential building ( 43 ), the roof covering of which is being renewed. A roofer ( 44 ) removes the old roof tiles and throws them exclusively into the closed discharge channel ( 45 ), which opens into the feed shaft of a preferred processing machine ( 46 ) according to the invention. The processing machine ( 46 ) stands on a work scaffold ( 47 ) above various collecting containers. In the classifying device of the processing machine ( 46 ), the fraction is sucked off down to a particle size of about 0.5 mm and passed into the sack below using a flexible hose ( 48 ). The upper end of the sack has a collar which is permeable to air but which retains dust and which is gathered and tied around the lower end of the hose ( 48 ). The slide ( 49 ) guides the fine granulate fraction with a grain size of approx. 0.5 to 8 mm into a small transport trough. The chute ( 50 ) guides the granulate fraction, which predominates in terms of volume, with approximately 8 to 20 mm into a larger transport trough. The transport troughs are set up below the processing machine ( 46 ) and, thanks to the dust extraction, do not need to be covered when filling.

Fig. 6 shows a further preferred embodiment of the invention in a partially vertical section, which is placed on an elevated footprint above the collection container. The input shaft ( 51 ) is loaded with a mineral substance ( 52 ), indicated by an arrow, which breaks in between the two toothed rollers ( 53 , 54 ) and moves in towards the center of the input shaft ( 51 ), and then pressed through the comb-shaped die ( 55 ) , and is therefore broken down to the desired grain size. The comb-shaped housing boundary ( 56 ) prevents oversized grains from falling through on the housing outer wall. The crushed mineral substance falls by gravity onto the underlying, flat, interchangeable sieve surface ( 57 ) which can be adjusted to the passage of a desired grain size. The sieve housing ( 62 ) is flexibly attached to the base frame ( 59 ) by means of spring bodies ( 58 ), which stands on the floor of the work scaffold ( 60 ). The base frame ( 59 ) can be fixed in a few simple steps on an elevated base frame (not shown in the drawing) and has fold-out handles that are not shown in the drawing. The eccentric shaft ( 61 ) rotating in the direction of the arrow is connected to the housing of the classifying sieve ( 62 ) via a roller bearing, and sets each point of the entire sieve surface ( 57 ) in a similar, circular oscillating movement. The incident on the screen surface (57), crushed mineral is passed in a plurality of amplitudes in the direction of Siebausgänge (63, 64) thrown, the grains which are smaller than the holes in the screen surface (57) through the screen (57) , fall on the closed sheet metal base ( 88 ). Since this floor performs the same swinging motion, it behaves as a swinging trough and conveys the fine grain fraction to the lower sieve passage ( 64 ). From here the fine grain fraction pours into the discharge hose ( 65 ). The coarse grain fraction is thrown above the sieve surface ( 57 ) through the sieve duct ( 63 ) into the discharge hose ( 66 ). The discharge hoses ( 65 , 66 ) are attached to the vertical scaffold rod ( 67 ). In order to reduce the dust and noise pollution in the working area of the machine according to the invention, the transition from the housing of the shredding unit to the sieve housing ( 62 ) is flexibly closed by means of rubber curtains ( 68 ). The electric motor ( 69 ) drives the toothed rollers ( 53 , 54 ) and the eccentric shaft ( 61 ) at the same time.

Fig. 7 is carried out exclusively by means of air to be exhausted, a further preferred embodiment of the invention in a partially vertically sectional representation, in which the classification.

The input shaft ( 84 ) is charged with a mineral material ( 70 ), indicated by an arrow and pre-sorted by hand, to be prepared and comminuted by the two toothed rollers, as described in FIG. 6. The resulting granulate falls into the discharge channel ( 71 ), which is arranged under the toothed rollers and has at least one constriction.

In the area of the constriction, the air is extracted via a suction channel ( 72 ) in such a way that in the area of the constriction an air flow occurs at a high air velocity transversely to the granulate flow ( 73 ). In order to ensure a minimum air flow even if the discharge duct ( 71 ) supplies an insufficient amount of air through granulate compression, secondary air can enter through a preferably adjustable opening in the area of the constriction, preferably opposite the mouth of the suction duct ( 72 ). For the automatic regulation of the primary air, a preferably perforated outlet flap ( 74 ) can be attached to the granulate discharge, which is automatically opened by the granulate flow. The outlet flap ( 74 ) can be closed by means of its own weight and / or by means of air flow and / or by means of an auxiliary spring. The primary air, which is drawn in via the discharge duct ( 71 ), can be regulated by means of a cross-section regulating slide or an automatically regulating, spring-loaded flap at the entrance to the area of the constriction. The weight of the granulate overcomes the resistance of the spring-loaded flap. The regulation of the primary air supply, in particular the air extraction from the discharge duct ( 71 ), makes sense, since this only has the task of reducing the dust emission in the area of the mineral material supply, and thus serves to protect workers.

The air requirement to achieve effective classification by means of suction can be reduced by the regulation. Under the granulate discharge is a standard handicraft wheelbarrow, which is filled with pure mineral granulate ( 75 ). The extracted, maximum mineral grain size and / or the degree of extraction of light materials, such as wooden parts or paper, can be adjusted by the adjustable suction fan motor ( 76 ) of the commercially available vacuum cleaner ( 77 ) connected to the extraction duct ( 72 ).

The extracted air carries the mineral fine fraction and any light substances that may be present via the suction channel ( 72 ) into the cyclone-like separation area of the vacuum cleaner ( 77 ). There, the mineral fine fraction and the light materials fall from the air flow to the bottom of the separation chamber ( 78 ) due to the greatly reduced flow velocity. The pre-cleaned air flow ( 79 ) is cleaned via the air filter ( 80 ) and released by the suction blower motor ( 76 ) to the ambient air ( 81 ). The vacuum cleaner ( 77 ) can preferably be electrically connected by inserting the plug ( 82 ) into a socket connected to the power supply of the crusher drive motor ( 83 ).

Claims (22)

1. Compact machine for processing minerals, preferably soft to medium-hard rock, in particular roof and wall tiles, in which there is at least one shredding device and at least one classifying device, characterized in that the lower edge of the insertion opening of the input shaft ( 2 , 32 , 51 , 84 ) is arranged below a height of approx. 170 cm above the installation surface, and the processing products are discharged in at least two separate fractions ( 17 , 18 , 19 , 75 , 78 ) each with different grain size distributions. 2. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the classifying device ( 37 ) arranged in the flow direction upstream of the classifying outlet ( 85 ) has a low overall height. 3. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the preparation process takes place at least partially under a separate from the ambient air encapsulation ( 9 , 68 ). 4. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that dust and / or other light materials ( 78 ) are suctioned off during processing. 5. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the processed mineral is acted upon by water mist, and the water mist preferably is generated by means of ultrasound. 6. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a granulate during comminution is produced which does not have a certain maximum grain size exceeds. 7. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the comminution takes place by means of at least one rotating roller ( 33 ). 8. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that two toothed rollers rotating in the opposite direction of rotation ( 5 , 6 , 23 , 24 , 53 , 54 ) the mineral ( 1 , 22 , 52 , 70 ) by a between the Press toothed rollers ( 5 , 6 , 23 , 24 , 53 , 54 ) fixed, comb-shaped die ( 7 , 25 , 55 ), and the die ( 7 , 25 , 55 ) is preferably flexibly mounted. 9. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the comminution is carried out by milling, and preferably a toothed roller (33) the mineral from the input tray (32) in a limited by a refractive surface (36) and of the toothed roller (33) wedge-shaped crushing gap (35) pulls, wherein the refractive surface (36) parallel to the axis of rotation of the toothed roller (35) and is arranged on the latter, at least in the region of the crushing gap (35) a row of teeth, wherein the teeth (86) of the teeth row with respect to the Roller teeth ( 87 ) and offset transversely to the direction of rotation of the roller teeth ( 87 ), and the crushing surface ( 36 ) is flexibly mounted in the region of the crushing gap ( 35 ). 10. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the crushing is striking, preferably by means of rotating hammers. 11. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the crushing crushing, preferably using a jaw crusher. 12. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that at least one metal sensor ( 3 ), preferably an adjustable ferrous metal sensor, is present at the material inlet before comminution. 13. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that at least one heat sensor, preferably an adjustable infrared sensor ( 4 ) is present on at least one machine opening. 14. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the classifying device ( 37 , 62 ) comprises a screen deck, the screen surface ( 57 ) is preferably arranged horizontally, and at least one screen surface ( 57 ) is preferably interchangeable. 15. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the classifying device ( 37 , 62 ) comprises a screen deck which is equipped with a plurality of screen surfaces ( 57 ) lying one above the other, wherein these each have holes of different sizes and with the lowest screen surface has a continuously closed sheet metal base ( 88 ). 16. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that at least one fraction of the classification output ( 85 ) has a discharge device, preferably a laterally pivotable during operation and / or adjustable in the discharge height conveyor belt ( 41 , 42 ). 17. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the classification and / or the discharge in the flow direction behind the classification exit ( 85 ) is carried out at least partially by means of air flow. 18. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that a base frame ( 11 ) with at least two wheels ( 15 ) is provided, preferably the complete base frame ( 11 ) with the wheels ( 15 ), or the wheels ( 15th ) are adjustable in height relative to the underframe ( 11 ). 19. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the transport to the site manually portable. 20. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the installation takes place directly at the demolition point, preferably on work scaffolding ( 60 , 47 ) or in buildings, in particular on floor ceilings, roofs or parapets. 21. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the processing products are discharged at least partially in closed channels or pipes ( 48 , 49 , 50 ) into preferably closed containers below. 22. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that at least the separation of the fine processing product is carried out by means of a commercially available vacuum cleaner ( 77 ).