Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
  • C07C17/093—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
  • C07C17/20—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
  • C07C17/202—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms two or more compounds being involved in the reaction
  • C07C17/206—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms two or more compounds being involved in the reaction the other compound being HX
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
  • B01J27/28—Regeneration or reactivation
  • B01J27/32—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts comprising compounds of halogens
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
  • B01J38/04—Gas or vapour treating; Treating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst
  • B01J38/42—Gas or vapour treating; Treating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst using halogen-containing material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
  • C01G30/00—Compounds of antimony
  • C01G30/006—Halides
  • C01G30/007—Halides of binary type SbX3 or SbX5 with X representing a halogen, or mixed of the type SbX3X'2 with X,X' representing different halogens
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
  • C07C17/07—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of hydrogen halides
  • C07C17/087—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of hydrogen halides to unsaturated halogenated hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
  • C07C17/093—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
  • C07C17/20—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
  • C07C17/21—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms with simultaneous increase of the number of halogen atoms
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
  • B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
  • B01J27/08—Halides
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
  • Y02P20/584—Recycling of catalysts

Definitions

• the invention relates to a process for the catalyzed preparation of partially halogenated fluorine-containing organic compounds with regeneration of the catalyst used.
• fluorine-containing organic compounds can be prepared by halogen-fluorine exchange or hydrogen fluoride addition using hydrogen fluoride in the presence of catalysts.
• U.S. Patent 2,005,710 discloses the preparation of many alkanes containing fluorine, chlorine and optionally hydrogen. Antimony halide catalysts are described as preferred. If pentavalent catalyst is reduced to the trivalent form, it is desirable that free halogen such as chlorine be present during the reaction or added at any time (see column 13, lines 32 to 37 of US-A 2,005,710).
• This method of regenerating the catalyst in fluorination processes using hydrogen fluoride is described in US Pat. No. 2,510,872 as the prior art to be improved; the process described there provides for the use of antimony pentafluoride, but not as a catalyst but as a fluorinating agent.
• the object of the present invention is to provide an improved process for the preparation of partially halogenated fluorine-containing organic compounds with regeneration of the catalyst by oxidation with elemental halogen, preferably chlorine. This object is solved by the following invention.
• the inventive method for the production of partially halogenated fluorine-containing organic compounds by halogen-fluorine exchange or hydrogen fluoride addition using hydrogen fluoride and in the presence of catalysts which are regenerated with elemental halogen provides that the regeneration is carried out so that the elementary Halogen does not come into contact with starting materials or intermediates which are undesirably reactive towards halogen.
• Undesirable reactive are those compounds which react faster with the elemental halogen than the antimony (III) compound to be regenerated, or which form by-products in an undesirable amount.
• it can be regarded as “undesirably reactive” if more than 10% by weight, preferably more than 5% by weight, in particular more than 2% by weight of the starting compound leads to undesired by-products.
• a portion of the discharged reaction mixture from the reactor via a loop Preferably, a portion of the discharged reaction mixture from the reactor via a loop.
• This preferred procedure for the preparation of partially halogenated fluorine-containing organic compounds by halogen-fluorine exchange or hydrogen fluoride addition using hydrogen fluoride and in the presence of catalysts which are regenerated with elemental halogen provides that part of the reaction mixture is removed from the reactor halogen is added to the discharged part in order to regenerate the catalyst, and that the thus discharged part treated with the regenerated catalyst is returned to the reactor.
• Preferred halogens are chlorine and fluorine, especially chlorine.
• reaction mixture is continuously removed; you can also use semi-continuous reject them or a certain subset at certain times.
• the preferred catalyst is antimony pentachloride or its fluorination products or HF adducts.
• the fluorination products have the general formula SbF x Cl 5 _ x , where x means 0 to 5.
• the process is also advantageous if saturated starting compounds are used. Halogen exchange reactions often take place according to an elimination-addition mechanism, or such a mechanism runs in addition to an S N mechanism. The unsaturated intermediates that result from elimination also react more easily with chlorine to form undesired secondary products. However, this attempted explanation is not intended to limit the invention.
• the process is particularly preferably used for producing aliphatic fluorocarbon compounds or aliphatic chlorofluorocarbon compounds, in particular those having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
• Aliphatic C1-C5-fluorine (chlorine) hydrocarbon compounds are very particularly preferably produced, in particular aliphatic C1-C4-fluorine (chlorine) hydrocarbon compounds.
• the following are some examples of connections that can be made and their starting connections:
• CC1 2 F-CHC ⁇ 2 from CC1 2 CC1 2 + HF
• the process according to the invention is preferably carried out in such a way that a liquid phase is present in the reactor. Pressure and temperature are adjusted accordingly.
• the pressure in the reactor is preferably in the range from 1 to 15 bar, preferably in the range from 10 to 15 bar.
• the temperature is preferably in the range from 20 to 200 ° C., in particular in the range from 70 to 150 ° C., very particularly at 90 to 120 ° C.
• the molar ratio of hydrogen fluoride to catalyst is expediently in the range from 1: 1 to 30: 1, preferably in the range from 8: 1 to 15: 1.
• the molar ratio of catalyst to organic starting compound is advantageously in the range from 0.1: 1 to 20: 1, preferably in the range from 1: 1 to 3: 1.
• the procedure is such that 5 to 20 mol% of the catalyst are always removed, likewise in the case of a semi-continuous or batchwise procedure.
• the advantage of the process is that the chlorine (or halogen) is not introduced directly into the fluorination reactor and can lead to side reactions with starting, intermediate or end products there.
• the method can be used for any fluorination reaction. It can also be used in fluorination reactions in which aromatic compounds (which are regarded here as "rapidly halogenated") are involved. It is particularly preferably used for the production of saturated or unsaturated aliphatic fluorocarbon compounds or chlorofluorocarbon compounds having 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 5, carbon atoms.
• aromatic compounds which are regarded here as "rapidly halogenated”
• It is particularly preferably used for the production of saturated or unsaturated aliphatic fluorocarbon compounds or chlorofluorocarbon compounds having 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 5, carbon atoms.
• the advantages of the process according to the invention are particularly evident when starting compounds are used which react very easily with elemental halogen, especially chlorine, as is the case, for example, with unsaturated starting compounds (halogenated ethenes, propenes, butenes ).
• the discharged part is relaxed, for example to a pressure of a maximum of 5 bar or even a maximum of 2 bar or even less.
• Volatile organic and inorganic compounds and this also includes the starting compound which reacts undesirably with chlorine, are removed from the discharged part in gaseous or vapor form. Only then is the regeneration of the catalyst started. This can also be carried out by isolating the product, for example in a distillation apparatus.
• the fluorinated product is usually more volatile than the starting compounds. It can be separated from HCl or HF using conventional methods. Existing starting material is then also separated off, especially if the compounds are unsaturated. The remaining "sump" containing the catalyst is then mixed with chlorine (or halogen) and the catalyst is regenerated.
• Another aspect of the invention relates to the control of the fluorination reaction to more or less fluorinated products. It has been shown that the proportion of Sb '(III), based on the total Sb (V) / Sb (III) system, influences the catalytic properties of the antimony catalyst. The higher the proportion of Sb (V), the greater the effect on the formation of more fluorinated products.
• the proportion of Sb (III) can be used in the process according to the invention, for. .B. influence by reducing the discharged portion or reducing the addition of chlorine to the added portion so that a predetermined proportion of Sb (III) is present in the reactor. This promotes the formation of low fluorinated products. In order to promote the formation of more fluorinated products, the discharged portion is increased or the chlorine addition is increased.
• the following examples are intended to illustrate the invention without restricting its scope.
• Pentachloroethane, antimony pentafluoride and HF were introduced into a continuously mobile autoclave.
• the molar ratio of HF to SbF 5 was about 12: 1
• the molar ratio of SbF 5 to the starting material was 5: 1.
• the autoclave was then brought to a temperature of 100 ° C. and a pressure of 15 bar.
• a part of the reactor contents (about 15 mol% of the catalyst) was continuously withdrawn from the reactor (autoclave) and transferred to a stripper column.
• Organic components in particular HCFC-121, HCFC-122 and HFC-123, as well as pentachloroethane
• the remaining partial stream of the stripper column was mixed with elemental chlorine in countercurrent for the purpose of catalyst regeneration.
• An advantage of a low reactor temperature is the greatly reduced tendency of Sb (v) to form Sb (III).
• the perchlorethylene [0.05 ol] was placed in an autoclave equipped with Teflon inliner, and the antimony pentafluoride [0.1 mol] and the hydrogen fluoride [0.88 mol] were slowly added.
• the autoclave was sealed and stirred in an oil bath preheated to 120 ° C for one hour posed. The perchlorethylene reacted completely.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Catalysts (AREA)
• Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)

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• 2001
  • 2001-12-21 DE DE10163170A patent/DE10163170A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2002
  • 2002-12-13 EP EP02805322A patent/EP1497029A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2002-12-13 JP JP2003554333A patent/JP4363983B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2002-12-13 CN CN028234685A patent/CN1592656B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2002-12-13 WO PCT/EP2002/014220 patent/WO2003053580A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2002-12-13 AU AU2002366737A patent/AU2002366737A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2004
  • 2004-06-18 US US10/870,425 patent/US7074975B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2005
  • 2005-10-27 US US11/259,138 patent/US7319175B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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