EP1384240B1 - Procede pour faire fonctionner un commutateur presentant un limiteur de courant qui peut etre raccorde et dispositif associe - Google Patents

Procede pour faire fonctionner un commutateur presentant un limiteur de courant qui peut etre raccorde et dispositif associe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1384240B1
EP1384240B1 EP02761863A EP02761863A EP1384240B1 EP 1384240 B1 EP1384240 B1 EP 1384240B1 EP 02761863 A EP02761863 A EP 02761863A EP 02761863 A EP02761863 A EP 02761863A EP 1384240 B1 EP1384240 B1 EP 1384240B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching
current
limiter
arrangement according
arc
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP02761863A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1384240A1 (fr
Inventor
David Walter Branston
Fritz Pohl
Karl-Hans BÄRNKLAU
Christian Schreckinger
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1384240A1 publication Critical patent/EP1384240A1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/46—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using arcing horns
    • H01H9/465—Shunt circuit closed by transferring the arc onto an auxiliary electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/42—Impedances connected with contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a switching device with a switchable current limiter according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a switching device are in particular circuit breakers or contactors, possibly also semiconductor switches od. Like. Understood.
  • the invention also relates to an arrangement for carrying out the method according to the preamble of claim 6.
  • Switching devices protect electrical networks and consumers in the event of a short circuit by rapidly setting up a sufficiently high switching voltage, whereby the short-circuit current is limited and switched off after a short period of time.
  • To increase the current limit can be increased by a series circuit of the switching device with a separate current limiter, a so-called. Limiter, the switching voltage used.
  • the limiter is connected for this purpose in the main circuit, so that it is constantly traversed by the load current both in normal operation as in a short circuit.
  • PTC limiters In addition to conventional mechanical switches, which generate switching arcs, PTC limiters are used for current limiting, in which case the voltage buildup is generated by an increase in the electrical resistance of the limiter material and / or by a gas discharge with high operating voltage.
  • PTC limiters have the advantage over mechanical switches of a very fast build-up of the switching voltage.
  • a disadvantage is the greater cold electrical resistance, which must be limited in rated operation, the rated current to an impermissible Avoid heating of the PTC material, eg by motor starting currents, and to prevent unintentional activation of the limiter.
  • ABB PROLIM a circuit breaker as a switching device and a PTC limiter in the main circuit are electrically connected in series.
  • a possible solution of the nominal current problem is in the EP 0 657 062 B1 described, in which a limiter a circuit breaker in a secondary flow path, which is only temporarily flows through current in case of switching, is switched on.
  • the secondary flow path is formed from the arc guide rails and the quenching chamber and is turned on by the arc commutation of the switching contacts on the guide rails.
  • an electrical switching device with Lichtbogenlöscheinuhgg and current limiting device in the secondary circuit known.
  • the current limiting device is an electromechanical limiter whose contacts open dynamically by the current forces.
  • the PTC resistor and the surge arrester are connected in parallel to the arc quenching device.
  • the short-circuit current is split between the arc quenching device, the PTC resistor and the surge arrester.
  • PTC limiters for current limitation are still out of the EP 0717 876 B1 known. This limiter is intended exclusively as a central limit in electrical distribution.
  • circuit breaker designed as a circuit breaker are specified in the claims, which remindkommuttechniken the switching arc from the secondary flow path to the main flow path can be avoided or limited in their frequency.
  • advantageous embodiments of the specially designed as a PTC limiter current limiter are given, which give a quick recovery of the limiter resistor.
  • the invention is also applicable to other switching devices and current limiters.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the arrangement of a limiter in the secondary current path of a circuit breaker, as they are exemplified in the EP 0 657 062 B1 is shown.
  • a current-limiting circuit breaker 20 includes at least two contacts 22 and 23, of which at least one is movable and can be opened and closed by a switching mechanism 24 which is triggered by a thermal and / or magnetic release 25 and 26 respectively.
  • Each contact 22 and 23 is associated with an arc runner 27 and 27 ', which surround a prechamber region 28 and open into an extinguishing chamber 21 with a plurality of quenching plates 29 for the solution of an arc, not shown in Figure 1.
  • After ignition of arc bases of the arc travels on the rails 27 and 27 'in a quenching chamber 17 with quenching plates 29, where a sufficient current limiting and arc extinction arc voltage is built up.
  • a limiter 1 is connected upstream of the circuit breaker 20 in the secondary current path in FIG.
  • the limiter 1 is a current-limiting element, which corresponds to the EP 0 657 062 B1 is not connected in the main current path, but with the supply line to an arc runner 27 forms a secondary current path in the switching device 20.
  • the secondary current path for a commutation current I com is defined in FIG. 1 as a parallel current branch to a main current path for a switching current i. He then flows through current when the arc attaches by igniting a foot on this track.
  • the limiter 1 according to FIG. 1 is advantageously designed as a PTC limiter.
  • a PTC limiter 1 is shown schematically in FIG. It consists of two planar electrodes 10, between which a resistance body 5 of suitable material is clamped under the action of a force K.
  • the resistance body 5 has surfaces 2 and 3 and the electrodes 10 have surfaces 11.
  • the operation of such a PTC limiter for current limiting is in the EP 0 657 062 B1 explained in detail.
  • the surface electrode 10 instead of a smooth surface 11 has a profiling 15, for example, has a rectangular structure with a web width b and a web height h.
  • the web width b can be between 0.1 and 1 mm and the web height h also between 0.1 and 1 mm.
  • web width b and web height h have the same order of magnitude, preferably between 0.3 and 0.6 mm.
  • the resistance body 5 has on both surfaces 2 and 3 a complementary profiling 7. About the profiles 7 and 15, the resistance body 5 and the surface electrodes 10 are permanently connected to each other.
  • the profilings 7 and 15 can also have an angle of inclination against the surface of the surface electrode.
  • the formation of the profiling has an influence on the functioning of the PTC limiter 1.
  • FIG. 4 shows a switching oscillogram of the PTC limiter 1 with profilings 15 on the electrodes 10 and complementary surface profile 7 of the PTC resistor body 5, as in detail in the EP 0 717 876 B1 is described.
  • the time profile of the limiter resistor R for a short-circuit shutdown of the PTC limiter 1 is shown in the curve 17.
  • the limiter resistance begins with the onset of the short-circuit current from its initial value R0 ⁇ 4 m ⁇ and increases slightly. After about 300 ⁇ s it reaches a first plateau value P of about 8 m ⁇ .
  • the resistance curve goes into a steep rise at this time and remains at a resistance value substantially greater than 100 m ⁇ for approximately 300 ⁇ s.
  • the limiter resistance drops back to a low-ohmic value of about 15 m ⁇ and then drops to its initial value.
  • the reset resistance is about 2 to 4 times the cold resistance.
  • the additional commutation voltage of eg 50 V with a resetting resistor of approx. 10 m ⁇ the forward current of the short circuit must therefore not exceed 5 kA. This means that the reset resistance of the PTC limiter 1 must therefore be designed with respect to the magnitude of the forward current and the maximum commutation voltage.
  • FIG. 5 shows a circuit breaker 20 with a PTC limiter 1 in the secondary current path, as shown in a comparable manner in FIG.
  • the essential difference is the symmetrical design of the switching part 30 of the circuit breaker 20, with a switching bridge 32 and a Doppelsch21, 28 or 21 ', 28' with respective guide rails 36,36 'and quenching plates 29, 29', and the connection of the limiter in this symmetrical switching chamber arrangement.
  • the designations of the functional parts essentially correspond to FIG. 1.
  • the limiter 1 is also current-charged only in the event of a switch due to the arrangement of the current limiter 1 in the secondary current path of the circuit breaker 20.
  • As Maustrompfad is the switching chamber current path, which is turned on after opening the switching bridge 32 by arc commutation of the switching bridge 32 to the adjacent guide rails 29 and 29 '.
  • the current limiter has its own housing 50 which is placed on the housing 30 of the circuit breaker 20 and includes an extension 52 for mechanical actuation of the switching mechanism 24.
  • the circuit breaker 20 instead includes a rail bridge 39 for connecting the two guide rails 36, 36 '.
  • the switching bridge 32 is shown in the figure 5 in the closed position by a solid line and in the open position with a dashed line. From one of the terminals 47, 47 ', the current path passes into the drive part 40 of the circuit breaker 20, which in turn, according to Figure 1, the switching mechanism 24, the overcurrent release 25 and the short-circuit release 26 includes. As a result, in the event of a short circuit, the short-circuit release 26 can open the switching bridge 32 of the circuit breaker 20 without delay.
  • the connection of the limiter 1 takes place at a connection point of the two guide rails 36 and 36 ', which are assigned to the switching bridge 32 and which serve as arc running rails.
  • the limiter 1 is only then flowed through current when the arc approach is commutated from the bridge contact to the adjacent guide rail in both switching chambers. Due to the required, simultaneous arc commutation, the additional voltage requirement is distributed by the voltage drop across the limiter 1 on both switching paths. This division effect facilitates the commutation of the main flow path to the secondary flow path even after a Bogengurkommuttechnik on the switching bridge.
  • the double interruption causes a return displacement of the switching arc from the secondary flow path to the main flow path is only possible if this return displacement takes place in both switching chambers.
  • an opening 38 or 38 ' is introduced into the guide rails 36, 36' assigned to the open position of the switching bridge 32, which is clear from the top view in FIG. 7 in detail.
  • the switching bridge 32 in the open position of the quenching plates 29, 29' and the prechamber region 28, 28 'so shielded that bow reignitions are avoided at the switching bridge 32. This will ensure that the limiter function does not suspend in pre-chamber bow re-firing 28,28 '.
  • Figure 6 shows the switching bridge in the open position, in which the distance between the bridge contacts 23, 23 'and fixed contacts 22, 22' is significantly greater than the distance of the guide rails 36, 36 'to the fixed contacts.
  • the circuit breaker is designed as a single switching device with connection capability of a limiter.
  • the connection point of the limiter is connected by a rail bridge.
  • a mechanical extension 52 is provided for on-off operation of the circuit breaker if required.
  • a high current version of the circuit breaker may be provided with a limiter integrated in the switch housing.
  • a circuit breaker for the inventive combination of the switching device is suitable with a suitable current limiter.
  • a contactor or a semiconductor switch is used as a switching device.
  • arc-free switching but arc switching elements are required.
  • the switching device and the current limiter can be further integrated advantageously systemic means.
  • the current commutation can be improved by insulating media, such as movable slides, cover at the main flow path / contact point.
  • insulating media such as movable slides
  • the switching contacts can be realized with linear or else with rotary opening movement.
  • a limiter with additional switching chamber / contact point or else a solid-state limiter can be used in addition or as a substitute for the current limiter described in detail.
  • special quick releases for example piezo elements, can be used for low-power switching to the secondary flow path.
  • an electronic triggering is possible.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)

Claims (20)

  1. Procédé pour faire fonctionner un appareil électrique de commutation, par exemple un disjoncteur ou contacteur, comprenant au moins un trajet de courant principal et un chemin de courant auxiliaire associé, l'appareil de commutation ayant un dispositif d'extinction (21) d'un arc électrique, et le procédé étant tel qu'à l'aide d'un limiteur de courant (1) pouvant être mis en circuit dans le chemin de courant auxiliaire, en cas de grande charge de courant, il se produit une commutation du mode de fonctionnement de non limitation du courant dans le mode de fonctionnement de limitation du courant et il s'établit une tension de commutation, caractérisé
    - en ce que le limiteur de courant (1) pouvant être mis en circuit est mis électriquement en série avec le dispositif d'extinction (21), et
    - en ce que la remise à l'état initial du limiteur de courant (1) s'effectue lors d'une commutation de retour de l'arc électrique du chemin de courant auxiliaire au trajet de courant principal, la transition du mode de fonctionnement de limitation du courant au mode de fonctionnement de non limitation du courant s'effectuant dans un intervalle de temps, de manière telle que lors de la commutation d'arc de l'arc électrique dans le dispositif d'extinction (21), une tension de commutation limitant le courant, du limiteur de courant (1), n'ait pas à être surmontée.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'arc électrique, par commutation du trajet de courant principal au chemin de courant auxiliaire, pareillement interrompt le trajet de courant principal et met en service le chemin de courant auxiliaire.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise en guise de disjoncteur ou contacteur un disjoncteur à sectionnement double (20) comprenant deux chambres de commutation (34, 34') par pôle de commutation.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise en guise de limiteur de courant un limiteur PTC (à coefficient positif de température), dont la résistance de remise à l'état initial lors du retour dans le mode de fonctionnement de non limitation du courant, est choisie en fonction du courant de passage et de la tension de commutation maximale.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par l'intégration de l'appareil de commutation (20) y compris le limiteur de courant, dans une installation de commutation avec des moyens pour la communication d'états de commutation de l'appareil de commutation et/ou de propriétés des contacts de commutation.
  6. Agencement pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la revendication 1 ou l'une des revendications 2 à 5, comprenant un appareil électrique de commutation (20) qui englobe des contacts de commutation (22, 23) et des barrettes de propagation d'arc électrique (36, 36') associées, ainsi qu'une chambre d'extinction (21) en guise de dispositif d'extinction, et comprenant également un limiteur de courant (1) dans le chemin de courant auxiliaire de l'appareil de commutation (20), caractérisé en ce que pour empêcher une défaillance de commutation du limiteur de courant (1) disposé dans le chemin de courant auxiliaire du disjoncteur (20), le limiteur de courant est un limiteur PTC (1) qui est réalisé par un corps de résistance (5) en un polymère rendu électriquement conducteur, sous pression entre deux électrodes (10) métalliques, et comprend des électrodes profilées (10, 15) et des profils de surface (7) complémentaires dans le corps de résistance (5), et en ce que le limiteur de courant (1) est raccordé à un point de liaison ou de connexion mutuelle des deux barrettes de propagation (36, 36') extérieures du disjoncteur (20).
  7. Agencement selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la profondeur de profil des électrodes (10) se situe entre 1/10 mm et 5/10 mm.
  8. Agencement selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les flancs de profil sont inclinés relativement à la surface d'électrode.
  9. Agencement selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que des flancs de profil mutuellement opposés de l'électrode, sont inclinés de manière conique relativement à la surface d'électrode.
  10. Agencement selon la revendication 6, comprenant un pontet de commutation (32) avec des contacts de pontet (23, 23'), caractérisé en ce que le limiteur de courant (1) est traversé par le courant lorsque dans les deux chambres de commutation du disjoncteur (20) la naissance de l'arc électrique est commutée par le contact de pontet (23, 23') sur la barrette de propagation (36, 36') voisine.
  11. Agencement selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le pontet de commutation (32) du disjoncteur (20) est conçu de façon telle que dans la position d'ouverture du pontet de commutation (32), la distance entre contact de pontet (23, 23') et contact fixe (22, 22') soit supérieure à la distance de la barrette de propagation (36, 36') au contact fixe (22, 22').
  12. Agencement selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la géométrie formant masque des barrettes de propagation (36, 36'), empêche un écoulement de plasma d'arc en provenance de la chambre de tôles d'extinction (21, 21') ou de la zone de préchambre (28, 28'), sur le pontet de commutation (32).
  13. Agencement selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que pour empêcher la commutation en retour de l'arc, les barrettes de propagation (36, 36') masquent dans une large mesure les contacts de pontet (23, 23') par rapport aux chambres de tôles d'extinction (21, 21') et les zones de préchambre (28, 28').
  14. Agencement selon l'une des revendications 10 à 13, caractérisé en ce que le support de pontet (45) pour le déplacement du pontet de commutation (32), sert également à l'isolation électrique entre les deux chambres de commutation (21, 21').
  15. Agencement selon l'une des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'appareil de commutation est réalisé en tant qu'appareil de commutation individuel avec possibilité de raccordement pour le limiteur de courant (1).
  16. Agencement selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que le point de raccordement du limiteur de courant (1) à l'appareil de commutation (20) est relié ou comblé par un pontet de barrettes de propagation (39).
  17. Agencement selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que dans le cas du raccordement du limiteur de courant (1) dans le chemin de courant auxiliaire, le pontet de barrettes de propagation (39) est remplacé par le limiteur de courant (1).
  18. Agencement selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que le limiteur de courant (1) est placé dans un boitier (50) qui lui est propre.
  19. Agencement selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce que le boitier (50) du limiteur de courant peut être monté sur le boitier de l'appareil de commutation (20).
  20. Agencement selon la revendication 19, caractérisé en ce que dans le boitier (50) du limiteur de courant (1) est prévu un prolongement mécanique (52) pour un actionnement de marche/arrêt de l'appareil de commutation (20).
EP02761863A 2001-04-17 2002-04-04 Procede pour faire fonctionner un commutateur presentant un limiteur de courant qui peut etre raccorde et dispositif associe Expired - Fee Related EP1384240B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10118746A DE10118746B4 (de) 2001-04-17 2001-04-17 Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Schaltgerätes mit einem zuschaltbaren Strombegrenzer und zugehörige Anordnung
DE10118746 2001-04-17
PCT/DE2002/001229 WO2002084688A1 (fr) 2001-04-17 2002-04-04 Procede pour faire fonctionner un commutateur presentant un limiteur de courant qui peut etre raccorde et dispositif associe

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1384240A1 EP1384240A1 (fr) 2004-01-28
EP1384240B1 true EP1384240B1 (fr) 2007-08-08

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EP02761863A Expired - Fee Related EP1384240B1 (fr) 2001-04-17 2002-04-04 Procede pour faire fonctionner un commutateur presentant un limiteur de courant qui peut etre raccorde et dispositif associe

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7259944B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1384240B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4467887B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1248253C (fr)
DE (2) DE10118746B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002084688A1 (fr)

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Publication number Publication date
DE50210638D1 (de) 2007-09-20
DE10118746B4 (de) 2004-06-24
JP2004529469A (ja) 2004-09-24
DE10118746A1 (de) 2002-11-14
CN1248253C (zh) 2006-03-29
CN1509484A (zh) 2004-06-30
US20040150932A1 (en) 2004-08-05
US7259944B2 (en) 2007-08-21
EP1384240A1 (fr) 2004-01-28
JP4467887B2 (ja) 2010-05-26
WO2002084688A1 (fr) 2002-10-24

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