EP0350825B1 - Appareil de commutation électrique - Google Patents

Appareil de commutation électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0350825B1
EP0350825B1 EP89112549A EP89112549A EP0350825B1 EP 0350825 B1 EP0350825 B1 EP 0350825B1 EP 89112549 A EP89112549 A EP 89112549A EP 89112549 A EP89112549 A EP 89112549A EP 0350825 B1 EP0350825 B1 EP 0350825B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
current path
arc
contact point
main
arc extinguishing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89112549A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0350825A2 (fr
EP0350825A3 (fr
Inventor
Erhard Runtsch
Klaus Greefe
Dietmar Dymke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB AG Germany
ABB AB
Original Assignee
Asea Brown Boveri AG Germany
Asea Brown Boveri AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Asea Brown Boveri AG Germany, Asea Brown Boveri AB filed Critical Asea Brown Boveri AG Germany
Publication of EP0350825A2 publication Critical patent/EP0350825A2/fr
Publication of EP0350825A3 publication Critical patent/EP0350825A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0350825B1 publication Critical patent/EP0350825B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/46—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using arcing horns
    • H01H9/465—Shunt circuit closed by transferring the arc onto an auxiliary electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/42—Impedances connected with contacts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to electrical switching devices, in particular automatic switches, such as. B. automatic circuit breakers, with a main current path between an access and an outgoing terminal, with at least one main contact point in the main current path, which can be acted upon by a magnetic and / or thermal release and cooperates with an arc extinguishing device, and with a secondary current path associated with the main current path with a contact point , which serves as a current limiting device.
  • automatic switches such as. B. automatic circuit breakers
  • a proven measure is to have the switching arc that arises when the contact arrangement is actuated commutated into an arc extinguishing device and to extinguish it there as quickly as possible.
  • the arc has a current-limiting effect.
  • the solution to the problem is characterized in that the secondary current path is connected to the main current path via the arc quenching device and is de-energized in undisturbed operation and is only switched on by a switching arc of the open main contact point, which commutates in the arc quenching device.
  • the secondary current path is designed to have a low resistance to the main current path, its electrical internal resistance being at most 1/10 of the resistance of the main current path.
  • the current limiting device in the secondary current path is formed by a contact arrangement which opens dynamically as a result of the current flow.
  • a preferred arrangement of the current limiting device provides that it is arranged between the access terminal and the arc quenching device in the bypass path.
  • the switching device it is provided to arrange the current limiting device between the arc quenching device and the outgoing terminal.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the invention in particular in the case of electrical switching devices for high rated switching powers, provides for the main contact point to be in the form of a double contact point, a first and a second main contact point being connected in series with one another and each interacting with an arc quenching device.
  • the current limiting device in the secondary current path is in turn arranged either between the access terminal and the arc quenching device of the first main contact point or the arc quenching device of the second main contact point and the outgoing terminal.
  • a major advantage of the embodiment according to the invention described above is that the secondary current path is only switched on when the main current path is interrupted by opening the main contact point.
  • the switching arc that arises when the main contact point is opened commutates into the arc quenching device, which in turn gives the secondary current path a conductive connection to the main current path and commutates the current into the secondary current path.
  • the arc quenching device is preferably formed from individual stacked arc quenching plates, between which individual arcs ignite. The voltage drop at the individual arcs leads to a current limitation in addition to that of the current limiting device in the secondary current path.
  • FIG. 1 shows the basic circuit diagram of an electrical switching device 10, which has a main current path 12 with a magnetic release 14, a thermal release 16 and a main contact point 18.
  • the main current path 12 starts from an access terminal 20 and ends at an outgoing terminal 21.
  • the main contact point 18 has a movable contact piece 17 and a fixed contact piece 19 which is connected to an arc guide rail 23 belonging to an arc extinguishing device 22.
  • the arc quenching device 22 is formed from individual stacked arc quenching plates 24 which are delimited to the main contact point by the arc guide rail 23 and on the opposite side by a second arc guide rail 25.
  • the second arc guide rail 25 is part of a secondary current path 26 which leads from the access terminal 20 and which has a current limiting device 28 between the second arc guide rail 25 and the access terminal.
  • the current limiting device 28 is provided as a dynamically opening contact arrangement, in which, as a result of an electrodynamic lifting force resulting from a current conducted in the secondary current path 26, the movable contact piece (not shown here) of the dynamically opening contact arrangement of the current limiting device 28 lifts so far that the desired current limitation is caused by the switching arc that arises results.
  • the magnetic triggers 14 and thermal triggers 16 arranged in the main current path 12 are accordingly also currentless.
  • the recordable switching power for the short-circuit case described here is determined by the arc voltage which is generated in the current limiting device 28 and the arc extinguishing device 22.
  • FIG. 2 shows an electrical switching device 30 which has a main current path 32 with a magnetic release 34, a thermal release 36 and a main contact point 38.
  • the main current path 32 starts from an access terminal 40 and leads to an outgoing terminal 41.
  • the access terminal 40 connects directly to the main contact point 38, which is also a movable contact piece 37 and has a fixed contact piece 39.
  • the arrangement known from FIG. 1 in contrast to the arrangement known from FIG.
  • the fixed contact piece 39 is not connected in a galvanically conductive manner to an associated arc extinguishing device 42, but rather is adjacent to an associated arc guide rail 43, so that when the main contact point 38 is opened, the lifting contact piece 37 and the fixed contact piece open 39 resulting switching arc is first commutated on the arc guide rail 43 and from there into the arc extinguishing device 42 formed from individual arc extinguishing plates 44.
  • the side opposite the first arc guide rail 43 is delimited by a second arc guide rail 45, which is part of a bypass flow path 46, which is also provided by the access terminal 40 goes off and forms a first branch 461.
  • a second branch 462 of the secondary current path 46 which has a current limiting device 48 and is connected to the outgoer terminal 41, connects to the first arc guide rail 43 and thus forms a current path via the arc quenching device 42, which is currentless in the undisturbed intended operation.
  • the power loss of the switch is kept low in nominal operation, and nevertheless a high switching capacity is achieved in the event of a short circuit.
  • FIG. 3 shows a switching device 50 which has a main current path 52 with a magnetic release 54 and a thermal release 56.
  • the magnetic release 54 as well as the thermal release 56 are operatively connected to a downstream main contact point 58, which is also arranged in the main current path 52 but is equipped as a double contact point with a first main contact point 581 and a second main contact point 582.
  • the main current path 52 leads from an access terminal 60 to an outgoing terminal 61.
  • the two contact points 581, 582 belonging to the main contact point 58 each work together with an arc-quenching device 621, 622, which are formed from individual arc-quenching plates 64, which are each delimited by upper arc-guiding rails 631, 632 and lower arc-guiding rails 651, 652.
  • the upper arc guide rails 631, 632 are each conductively connected to a fixed contact piece 591, 592 of the associated main contact points 581, 582, which in turn are connected in series with one another via a connecting conductor 523.
  • the lower arc guide rails 651, 652 each belong to a secondary current path 66, which is formed from a first section 661 and a second section 662.
  • a current limiting device 68 In the first section 661 of the secondary current path 66, which extends from the access terminal 60, there is a current limiting device 68, which is also provided as a dynamically opening contact arrangement.
  • the secondary current path 66 leads from the current limiting device 68 directly to the lower arc guide rail 651 of the arc extinguishing device 621 of the first main contact point 581.
  • the second lower arc guide rail 652, which belongs to the arc extinguishing device 622 of the second main contact point 582, is connected to the second section 662 of the secondary current path 66, which leads to the Output terminal 61 leads.
  • An insulating partition 583 is used for the electrical insulation of the two arc extinguishing devices 621 and 622, which separates the two quenching plate assemblies 64 from one another.
  • the arc extinguishing device 621 of the first main contact point 581 is connected to the arc extinguishing device 622 of the second main contact point 582 via the connecting conductor 523, the switching arc ignited when the second main contact point 582 is opened also commutating from the lifting movable contact piece 572 into the arc extinguishing device 622.
  • the secondary current path 66 with its two subsections 661, 662 is live, while the main current path 52 with its two subsections 521, 522 is currentless.
  • the power loss is low due to the circuit arrangement shown in nominal operation, but a high switching capacity is nevertheless achieved in the event of a short circuit.
  • FIG. 4 shows a switching device 70 which has a main current path 72, consisting of the sections 721 and 722, with a magnetic release 74 and a thermal release 76.
  • the magnetic release 74 as well as the thermal release 76 are operatively connected to a main contact point 78 which is likewise arranged in the main current path 72 and which is equipped as a double contact point with a first main contact point 781 and a second main contact point 782.
  • the main current path 72 leads from an access terminal 80 to an outgoing terminal 81.
  • the two contact points 781, 782 belonging to the main contact point 78 each work together with an arc-quenching device 821, 822, which are formed from individual arc-quenching plates 84, which are each delimited by upper arc-guiding rails 831, 832 and lower arc-guiding rails 851, 852.
  • the upper arc guide rails 831, 832 are conductively connected via the sections 863 and 864 of the secondary current path 86 and the current limiting device 88.
  • the lower guide rails 851, 852 are connected via the sections 861 and 862 of the secondary current path 86 to the access terminal 80 and the partial section 722 of the main current path.
  • the connection of the sections 721 and 722 is established via the movable contact bridge 77, the sections 771, 772 of which are connected to the fixed contact pieces 791 and 792, respectively.
  • An insulating partition 783 is used for the electrical insulation of the two arc extinguishing devices 821 and 822, which separates the two quenching plate packs 84 from one another.
  • the secondary current path 86 with its subsections 861, 862, 863, 864 and the subsection 722 of the main current path 72 is live, while the subsection 721 is without current.
  • the contact arrangement 28 shown in FIG. 5 corresponds to the current limiting device 28 shown in the figure as a "black box". It has an electrical connection device 90 on the access side, to which an electrically conductive holding device 92 is attached, which serves as a bearing base for an axis 94. A movable contact 96 is mounted on this axis 94, the electrical connection to the holding device 92 being made via a wire 96.
  • the movable contact 96 forms with a fixed contact 97, which is located on a conductor piece 100 between its subsections 101 and 102 is an electrical connection, wherein the contact force is generated by a spring 104.
  • the section 101 of the conductor 100 runs parallel and at a short distance from the movable contact 96, so that there is an electrodynamic repulsion of the movable contact 96 as soon as the holding force of the spring 104 is exceeded at a certain current.
  • the section 102 of the conductor 100 forms the guide rail for an arc quenching chamber 110 which is constructed from the quenching plates 112.
  • the electrical connection device 106 is located on the conductor 100.
  • the arc voltage generated here supports the short-circuit current limitation of the arc quenching chambers shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 (22, 42, 621, 622, 821, 822). If the repulsive force falls below the spring force due to the falling current, the movable contact 96 closes again.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Appareil de commutation électrique (10, 30, 50, 70), en particulier interrupteur automatique tel que disjoncteur de protection de ligne ou disjoncteur de protection de moteur, comprenant un trajet de courant principal (12, 32, 52, 72) entre une borne d'arrivée (20, 40, 60, 80) et une borne de départ (21, 41, 61, 81), au moins un emplacement de contact principal (18, 38, 58, 78) qui est disposé dans le trajet de courant principal (12, 32, 52, 72), sur lequel agit un déclencheur magnétique (14, 34, 54, 74) et/ou un déclencheur thermique (16, 36, 56, 76) et qui coopère avec un dispositif d'extinction d'arc électrique (22, 42, 62, 82), ainsi qu'un trajet de courant auxiliaire (26, 46, 66, 86) disposé en parallèle avec le trajet de courant principal (12, 32, 52, 72) et comportant un dispositif de limitation de courant (28, 48, 68, 88) qui shunte une partie du trajet de courant principal (12, 32, 52, 72) entre la borne d'arrivée (20, 40, 60, 80) et la borne de départ (21, 41, 61, 81), caractérisé par le fait que le trajet de courant auxiliaire (26, 46, 66, 86) est relié au trajet de courant principal (12, 32, 52, 72) en passant par le dispositif d'extinction d'arc (22, 42, 62, 82) et n'est pas traversé par le courant en l'absence de perturbations et qu'un arc de coupure de l'emplacement de contact principal (18, 38, 58, 78) ouvert, qui commute dans le dispositif d'extinction d'arc (22, 42, 62, 82), met en circuit le trajet de courant auxiliaire (26, 46, 66, 86).
  2. Appareil de commutation électrique suivant revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le trajet de courant auxiliaire (26, 46, 66, 86) est dimensionné avec une faible résistance ohmique par rapport au trajet de courant principal (12, 32, 52, 72).
  3. Appareil de commutation électrique suivant revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que la résistance électrique interne du trajet de courant auxiliaire (26, 46, 66, 86) s'élève au plus à 1/10ème de la résistance du trajet de courant principal (12, 32, 52, 72).
  4. Appareil de commutation électrique suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif de limitation de courant (28, 48, 68, 88) dans le trajet de courant auxiliaire (26, 46, 66, 86) est réalisé sous forme d'emplacement d'interruption avec un agencement de contact qui ouvre dynamiquement en cas de passage de courant et dont l'arc de coupure provoque une limitation de courant.
  5. Appareil de commutation électrique suivant revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif de limitation de courant (28) dans le trajet de courant auxiliaire (26) est disposé entre la borne d'arrivée (28) et le dispositif d'extinction d'arc (22).
  6. Appareil de commutation électrique suivant revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif de limitation de courant (28) est relié à une corne de guidage d'arc (25) qui fait partie du dispositif d'extinction d'arc (22) et se trouve à l'opposé d'une première corne de guidage d'arc (23) reliée à la pièce de contact fixe (19) de l'emplacement de contact principal (18).
  7. Appareil de commutation électrique suivant revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif de limitation de courant (48) est disposé entre le dispositif d'extinction d'arc (42) monté en série avec lui, et la borne de départ (41) dans le trajet de courant auxiliaire (46).
  8. Appareil de commutation électrique suivant revendication 7, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif de limitation de courant (48) est relié à une borne de guidage d'arc supérieure (43) du dispositif d'extinction d'arc (42), sur laquelle commute un arc de coupure provenant de l'emplacement de contact principal (38), et est relié par des arcs individuels engendrés dans le dispositif d'extinction d'arc (42) à une corne de guidage d'arc inférieure (45) qui est à son tour reliée à la borne d'arrivée (40).
  9. Appareil de commutation électrique suivant revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que l'emplacement de contact principal (58) disposé dans le trajet de courant principal (52) est réalisé sous forme d'emplacement de contact double avec deux dispositifs d'extinction d'arc (621, 622) séparés l'un de l'autre, par lesquels une liaison peut être établie avec le trajet de courant auxiliaire (66) présentant un dispositif de limitation de courant (68).
  10. Appareil de commutation électrique suivant revendication 9, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif de limitation de courant (68) est disposé dans un premier tronçon partiel (661) du trajet de courant auxiliaire (66), lequel tronçon passe de la borne d'arrivée (60) au dispositif d'extinction d'arc (621) du premier emplacement de contact (581) de l'emplacement de contact principal (58), la liaison avec le deuxième emplacement de contact (582) de l'emplacement de contact principal (58) étant établie par un conducteur de liaison (523) qui relie entre elles aussi bien les pièces de contact fixes (591, 592) des deux emplacements de contact (581, 582) de l'emplacement de contact principal (58) que les cornes de guidage supérieures (631, 632) faisant partie des dispositifs d'extinction d'arc (621, 622) associés et reliées à ces pièces de contact, et qu'un deuxième tronçon partiel (662) du trajet de courant auxiliaire (66) est relié à la corne de guidage d'arc (652) inférieure du dispositif d'extinction d'arc (622) associé au deuxième emplacement de contact (582).
  11. Appareil de commutation électrique suivant revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que l'emplacement de contact principal (78) disposé dans le trajet de courant principal (72) est réalisé sous forme d'emplacement de contact double avec deux dispositifs d'extinction d'arc (821, 822) séparés l'un de l'autre et reliés entre eux de façon conductrice par les tronçons partiels (863, 864) du trajet de courant auxiliaire (86) et le dispositif de limitation de courant (88).
  12. Appareil de commutation électrique suivant revendication 11, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif de limitation de courant (88) se trouve dans le trajet de courant auxiliaire (86) dont le premier tronçon partiel (861) relie la borne d'arrivée (80) à la corne de guidage inférieure (851) du dispositif d'extinction d'arc (821) associé au premier emplacement de contact (781), que la liaison de sa corne de guidage d'arc supérieure (831) à la corne de guidage supérieure (832) du dispositif d'extinction d'arc (822) associé au deuxième emplacement de contact (782) est établie par les tronçons partiels (863, 864) du trajet de courant auxiliaire (86) ainsi que par le dispositif de limitation de courant (88) et qu'un deuxième tronçon partiel (862) du trajet de courant auxiliaire (86) est relié à la corne de guidage d'arc inférieure (852) du dispositif d'extinction d'arc (822) associé au deuxième emplacement de contact (782).
  13. Appareil de commutation électrique suivant revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisé par le fait que les dispositifs d'extinction d'arc (621, 622, 821, 822) associés à l'emplacement de contact principal (58, 78) sont isolés l'un par rapport à l'autre par une cloison isolante (583, 783).
  14. Appareil de commutation électrique suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif de limitation de courant (28, 48, 78, 98) est réalisé sous forme d'agencement de contact résistant aux arcs électriques, dont la pièce de contact mobile (96) ouvre dynamiquement à l'encontre de la force d'un ressort de fermeture (104) lors du passage d'un courant d'intensité approprié, l'arc résultant pénétrant dans une chambre d'extinction d'arc (110) associée.
  15. Appareil de commutation électrique suivant revendication 14, caractérisé par le fait que la pièce de contact fixe (97) du dispositif de limitation de courant (28) est formée par une boucle de conducteur (100) qui s'étend au moins partiellement parallèlement à la pièce de contact mobile (96).
EP89112549A 1988-07-15 1989-07-10 Appareil de commutation électrique Expired - Lifetime EP0350825B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3824027 1988-07-15
DE3824027A DE3824027A1 (de) 1988-07-15 1988-07-15 Elektrisches schaltgeraet

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0350825A2 EP0350825A2 (fr) 1990-01-17
EP0350825A3 EP0350825A3 (fr) 1991-04-17
EP0350825B1 true EP0350825B1 (fr) 1995-02-01

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EP89112549A Expired - Lifetime EP0350825B1 (fr) 1988-07-15 1989-07-10 Appareil de commutation électrique

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EP (1) EP0350825B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3824027A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0504462A1 (fr) * 1991-03-21 1992-09-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif pour interrompre un circuit
EP0504461B1 (fr) * 1991-03-21 1996-10-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de commutation pour interrompre un circuit
DE4243314C2 (de) * 1992-12-21 1998-08-20 Asea Brown Boveri Strombegrenzender Schalter
FR2711271B1 (fr) * 1993-10-15 1995-12-22 Merlin Gerin Appareillage de protection formé par l'association d'un disjoncteur en série avec un effecteur.
FR2714520B1 (fr) * 1993-12-24 1996-01-19 Telemecanique Appareil électrique interrupteur à contacts séparables.
FR2731838B1 (fr) * 1995-03-16 1997-06-06 Schneider Electric Sa Appareil electrique de protection differentielle a circuit test
DE19526591B4 (de) * 1995-07-21 2005-04-21 Abb Patent Gmbh Elektrischer Schalter
FR2742916B1 (fr) * 1995-12-21 1998-01-16 Schneider Electric Sa Dispositif electrique a commutation d'arc
DE10118746B4 (de) * 2001-04-17 2004-06-24 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Schaltgerätes mit einem zuschaltbaren Strombegrenzer und zugehörige Anordnung
DE502004007984D1 (de) 2004-07-08 2008-10-16 Abb Schweiz Ag Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung für Schutzschalter
DE102006037234A1 (de) * 2006-08-09 2008-02-14 Siemens Ag Schalt-Einheit
DE102007015182B3 (de) * 2007-03-29 2008-07-31 Siemens Ag Schaltanordnung mit einem Schaltkontakt und einer parallelen Lichtbogenlöscheinheit
FR3131976B1 (fr) * 2022-01-18 2024-06-14 Safran Electrical & Power Contacteur avec guides d’arc et protection intégrée aux guides d’arc, système et aéronef correspondant

Family Cites Families (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI49890C (fi) * 1974-03-12 1975-10-10 Ahlstroem Oy Sähköinen katkaisulaite.
DE2751452C2 (de) * 1977-11-18 1986-10-23 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim Elektrisches Schaltgerät
DE2944619C2 (de) * 1979-11-05 1984-03-29 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim Selbstschalter
DE3030429A1 (de) * 1980-08-12 1982-09-30 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim Lichtbogenloeschkammer
DE3242062A1 (de) * 1982-11-13 1984-05-17 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim Elektrischer schalter
FR2581477B1 (fr) * 1985-05-06 1989-01-13 Telemecanique Electrique Appareil interrupteur protege contre les courants de court-circuit
FR2582857B1 (fr) * 1985-05-29 1989-04-28 Merlin Gerin Disjoncteur unipolaire et neutre a effet shunt
FR2584529B1 (fr) * 1985-07-04 1995-01-06 Merlin Gerin Disjoncteur-contacteur electrique, notamment pour des batteries de condensateurs

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Publication number Publication date
DE3824027A1 (de) 1990-01-18
DE58908959D1 (de) 1995-03-16
EP0350825A2 (fr) 1990-01-17
EP0350825A3 (fr) 1991-04-17

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