EP1382227B1 - Heizung und verfahren zur steuerung einer heizung einer funktionseinheit eines kraftfahrzeugs - Google Patents
Heizung und verfahren zur steuerung einer heizung einer funktionseinheit eines kraftfahrzeugs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1382227B1 EP1382227B1 EP02740270A EP02740270A EP1382227B1 EP 1382227 B1 EP1382227 B1 EP 1382227B1 EP 02740270 A EP02740270 A EP 02740270A EP 02740270 A EP02740270 A EP 02740270A EP 1382227 B1 EP1382227 B1 EP 1382227B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heating
- temperature
- dependent
- resistance
- heating resistance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
- H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
- H05B1/0227—Applications
- H05B1/023—Industrial applications
- H05B1/0236—Industrial applications for vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/035—Electrical circuits used in resistive heating apparatus
Definitions
- the invention relates to a heater and a method for controlling a heater Functional unit of a motor vehicle.
- Functional units of a motor vehicle are heated electrically, by supplying heating resistors from the battery or the generator (alternator) or on the other hand by air heated by the engine.
- Heaters of a motor vehicle exterior mirror, a lock or a window pane is usually done by at least one electric heating element, the heating power of which, for example is electrically controllable by an operating switch.
- a heater for a motor vehicle side mirror is known from EP 0 408 853 A2, wherein for heating a current flow through a heating conductor by means of a semiconductor switch is controlled.
- the semiconductor switch is made by a temperature sensor and a two-stage Amplifier circuit that behaves like a Schmitt trigger. there the semiconductor switch forms one of the two stages responsible for the Schmitt trigger behavior are coupled.
- the disadvantage of this solution is that the temperature drops below 27 ° C the heating current is switched on until the temperature reaches 30 ° C even if heating is not necessary for a clear view of the mirror surface. The The energy requirement of the heating device for the mirror glass is therefore unnecessarily high.
- DE 197 05 416 C1 describes a method for controlling the heating of a rear window a motor vehicle known, the heating of the rear window at least is switched off after a certain operating time.
- the specific duty cycle the heating of the rear window increases with the driving speed of the motor vehicle extended. This increase in duty cycle can also be of no use for the motor vehicle occupants to a load on the vehicle electrical system or the motor vehicle battery to lead.
- DE 91 08 801 U1 describes a function of the temperature of the mirror glass Voltage drop compared using a comparison device with a reference value and a switch of the comparison device is switched depending on the result of the comparison controlled.
- the heating current is compared to a reference value.
- a the Control device including comparison device is for a mirror glass heater in a vehicle exterior mirror with a heating resistor provided by means of a switch is switchable to a power source. The voltage drop across one of the heating current through which resistance is detected by a comparison device and with a Reference value compared.
- the switch of the comparison device becomes dependent controlled by the result of the comparison.
- the invention is based on the object of a heater and a method for control the heater for a functional unit of a motor vehicle to specify the energy requirement the heating is reduced.
- the heating of the functional unit by a control device started manually or automatically. Starting is done, for example, by an operator a manual control device, a remote control, a button or Switch triggered when the vehicle occupant detects that the heater of the functional unit is necessary for the proper functioning of the same. alternative is started automatically by the control device heating in general starts to ensure operability or by the control device recognizes that inadequate functionality is likely. For example leads to a recognized inoperability of the door lock caused by freezing, to automatically start the heating and thus defrost the door lock.
- the actual temperature depends on the temperature of an element to be heated Functional unit or depends on the temperature of the heating element Heater.
- the actual temperature is consequently a certain, preferably measured input variable of the thermal system consisting of heating and functional unit to be heated.
- the actual temperature is during the actual heating period, i.e. the time of Supply of heating energy correlated to the current heating temperature. additionally can be provided one or more target temperature, which as the comparison variable Desired temperature of the heated functional unit depending on different Operating modes of the heating maps.
- An electronically evaluable parameter is used as a parameter Size, such as the power consumption, energy consumption or the power balance of the Heating and in particular a measured variable used.
- the dynamics of the values i.e. the time dependency of the parameter, vary widely.
- the actual temperature is recorded in binary steps, for example, so that the range from -40 ° C to + 87 ° C is divided into 128 binary steps.
- Characteristic features of the course over time of the actual temperature, or that of the Actual temperature-dependent parameters are used to evaluate and control the heating.
- a characteristic feature is, for example, the speed of cooling the functional unit during a heating break. For example, the cooling stagnates in the range of 0 ° C heating temperature, although the air temperature is significantly below 0 ° C, is an icing of the functional unit in the process by the control device recognized and the heating output increased accordingly for control.
- Characteristic features of the temporal transition that determine the phase transition of water History are evaluated according to the invention.
- the during heating or during a cooling phase possible water phase transitions from the solid characteristic features of the liquid phase or the vapor phase the time course of the actual temperature, which is evaluated to control the heating until the malfunction caused by the water is removed is.
- the characteristic features determining the phase transition of water The course of the actual temperature over time can be simple, for example, through integration or multiple derivation according to time, determined by transformation or convolution become. To this end, the actual temperature can be determined, for example, virtually continuously respectively.
- the rate of change of temperature adjusted measuring times used, their number close to the characteristics can also be varied.
- the evaluation of the characteristic features is consequently used to control the Heating power of the heating element used.
- the characteristic ones are used for evaluation or evaluation Features used in a first embodiment variant directly for control, so that determined values are used identically.
- a second embodiment variant are preferred as an alternative to controlling images or transformations of the characteristic Features used.
- a special characteristic Characteristic mapped to the associated actual temperature, in particular a phase transition transformed to the temperature of the phase transition. This transformation can Shift of the phase transition depending on further parameters, for example, the convection generated by the driving speed or the current air pressure.
- threshold values and other factors such as proportionality factors determined for the control.
- the threshold values and factors are also for a later start of the heating, for example after 24 hours, with the associated one Evaluation and control used.
- the method or the control device for a motor vehicle side mirror or a laminated glass pane is used as an example, is advantageously ensures that a critical actual temperature, which leads to the destruction of the functional unit could not be achieved by heating based on the characteristic Characteristics controlled, preferably the heating output before reaching the critical Actual temperature or after the phase transition has taken place or the heating is completely switched off.
- the heating subsequently goes into one second mode over.
- Different operating modes are possible in this second mode.
- the heater is advantageously used to reduce the energy requirement of the heater switched off, down regulated, regulated to a constant temperature or in certain Temporarily switch cycles on and off. These modes can also be used a previously mentioned monitoring can be combined.
- the operating mode or a combination Several operating modes depend in particular on the functional unit and on external ones Environmental conditions, such as rain, snow, etc.
- a preferred development of the invention provides that the actual temperature or a parameter dependent on the actual temperature before and / or after a heating period is determined. So at least outside the heating periods, preferably monitoring of the actual temperature during the same, which is advantageous for increasing or reduction of the heating output can be used to switch the heating on and off can.
- the phase transition of water is preferred before the heating period determines and depending on the determined phase transition, the heating automatically started or the heating output increased. This is particularly advantageous because since rapid external temperature changes during the journey, for example during a Driving in the mountains can lead to icing of a wet side mirror of a motor vehicle can.
- the heating is only supplied with power during an actual heating phase, to minimize power consumption during inactive times, for example when the ignition is switched off, in an alternative development of the invention Actual temperature or the parameter dependent on the actual temperature only during one Heating period determined.
- control device has means to evaluate different actual temperature rise speeds as characteristic Characteristics on.
- the control device is "steamed up", on which small water droplets have accumulated, the Heating operated until the evaporation temperature is reached, for example 50 ° C.
- the actual temperature becomes by means of appropriate regulation kept constant since the droplets from the surface the disc has already evaporated.
- An analog is preferably used as the means or digital arithmetic unit, in particular an arithmetic logic unit with differential and division functions or algorithms. The dynamics of the temperature rise during the heating phase or the temperature drop during the heating break or a cooling phase is evaluated particularly advantageously.
- the heating element is a temperature-dependent one Heating resistor through which a heating current flows for heating.
- the parameter is particularly advantageous the temperature-dependent heating resistor or a measured variable dependent on the temperature-dependent heating resistor.
- the temperature-dependent Heating resistor connected to the control device.
- the heating output is dependent from the specific measured variable or the specific heating resistor, which with is connected to a control element of the control device.
- a heating resistor with a positive temperature coefficient is used. It is alternatively, the use of a heating resistor made of semiconductor material with a corresponding to negative temperature coefficients possible.
- the measurement of the Heating resistor itself as an input parameter for heating control only according to the invention reliably possible. Only the inclusion of the basic physical Effect of the phase transition of water enables, regardless of manufacturing and aging tolerances of this measuring heating resistor the current thermal state to reliably detect the functional unit. If a phase transition is detected, the measured values of the measuring heating resistor for this phase transition Ratio is set or control is based solely on the current determination a phase transition based on the characteristics.
- the heating is additionally controlled the temporal change in the heating resistance or that dependent on the heating resistance Measured variable evaluated.
- the control device has means for this, for example Memory and comparator, for evaluating the change over time Heating resistor or the measured variable dependent on the heating resistor.
- a microcontroller is used to determine the change over time a clock, a timer or a pulse generator is connected to the microcontroller.
- a value of the heating resistor or the measurement variable dependent on the heating resistor is determined for a minimum of the change over time (dR H / dt).
- This specific value serves as a comparison value for further evaluation and also subsequent evaluations.
- At least one threshold value for control is preferably determined from the value. If the value is obtained over several staggered determinations, several of these values are averaged in order to be able to evaluate long-term effects.
- the value for a melting temperature (0 ° C.) is advantageously stored. In this way, icing of the functional unit is determined particularly easily by the control device.
- the threshold values or the value in the training with the heating resistor or the measured variable can be compared by a comparator.
- the The output variable is then, for example, a binary signal based on which the heating is controlled.
- the output variable can also be part of an algorithm with which the heating is adjusted up or down accordingly.
- the heating resistor or the measured variable is easily evaluated using a window comparator as a comparator with an upper threshold and a lower threshold compared. Accordingly, the heating is exceeded when the upper threshold is exceeded switched off and switched on again when the value falls below the lower threshold.
- the threshold values are advantageously analogous to the evaluation of the rate of change determined.
- the inclusion of the temperature coefficient of the heating resistor in the evaluation takes place in an advantageous development of the invention.
- the temperature coefficient is previously measurement technology, for example in a heat chamber, for a resistance material of a series. Depending on the value and the temperature coefficient of the Heating resistance, the heating is controlled.
- the Value and the temperature coefficient from the heating resistor the actual temperature or determines a parameter dependent on the actual temperature.
- the actual temperature is now directly with the temperature of the ambient air, which by means of a temperature sensor of the Motor vehicle is determined, comparable.
- the heating voltage or the Heating current varies, in particular switched or regulated.
- the heating current is used to control the heating switched at intervals. The intervals are preferred for regulating the temperature variable in duration. Will a faster regulation, especially in the area critical heating temperatures are required, it is advantageously used to control the Heating the heating current is regulated by means of pulse width modulation.
- the functional unit increases the heating output in the range of 0 ° C.
- the increase in Heating output is advantageously dependent on the detection of ice formation turned on. Ice formation is detected by means of significant characteristics the course of the heating temperature over time.
- an air temperature that is independent of the heating is advantageously made Measuring temperature sensor of the motor vehicle to control the heating additionally evaluated. If the wipers are not operated for a long period of time, so the heating of the functional unit for an air temperature above the range not switched on by 0 ° C since the control device does not expect rain or ice, that could impair the functionality. However, the functional unit is not functional because, for example, the motor vehicle side mirror is covered with dew the manual start of the heating by a motor vehicle occupant is still possible.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic illustration of a motor vehicle side mirror KSS.
- several heating resistors R H1 , R H2 and R H3 are arranged in close proximity to one another.
- the heating resistors R H1 , R H2 R H3 and include the largest possible area of the effective mirror layer for heating.
- the heating resistors R H1 , R H2 R H3 are switched individually, in series or in parallel, depending on the control system.
- One of the heating resistors R H1 , R H2 R H3 is temporarily switched as a measuring resistor and its resistance value, which is linearly dependent on the actual temperature, is measured.
- FIG. 1a shows a schematic course (as a thicker black line) of the heating resistor R H (on the z-axis) over time t (on the x-axis) in the form of a diagram.
- the course is purely exemplary. Depending on the heat transfer resistances, heat capacities, air pressure, ambient temperatures and other influences, the course, in particular its changes in resistance and the time length relationships, can vary. It is also initially assumed that the change in resistance of the measured heating resistor R H is proportional to the change in the heating temperature, that is to say the actual temperature during a heating phase.
- the heating resistor R H at switch-on time t 0 is R Hon .
- the temperature of the motor vehicle mirror at the switch-on time t 0 is below 0 ° C.
- the motor vehicle mirror is iced over and the ice adhering to the mirror surface obstructs the view of the motor vehicle occupant.
- the melting temperature of the ice is reached at time t m1 . Further heating initially only leads to a slight rise in the heating temperature of the motor vehicle mirror. The greater part of the heating energy is used for phase transformation of the ice into melt water and thus for defrosting the motor vehicle level. At time t m2 , the ice is essentially defrosted. Between the times t m1 and t m2 , the heating resistor R H only increases by the amount ⁇ R Hm . The first intermediate phase between ice and melt water is shown hatched in Fig. 1a.
- the following energy supply leads to a heating of the motor vehicle level and the melt water, since there is no phase change. Certainly part of the ice and melt water will have already dripped from the motor vehicle mirror, so that the rate of rise of the heating temperature after the end of melting t m2 can deviate from the rate of rise before the start of melting t m1 .
- the second intermediate phase is caused by the evaporation of water that covers the mirror surface.
- a heating temperature well below 100 ° C is sufficient to dry the mirror. Additional effects that can influence drying are, for example, the head wind or the microscopic surface structure or surface energies of the mirror surface.
- the duration from the beginning t e1 to the end t e2 of the evaporation phase normally deviates from the first intermediate phase (melting phase) due to the environmental influences and can take longer or shorter than the melting phase.
- the heating resistance change ⁇ R He of the evaporation phase may deviate from the heating resistance change ⁇ R Hm of the melting phase.
- threshold values Th R1 and Th R2 are defined and compared with the current heating resistance value R H. Further threshold values are advantageously determined on the basis of a value of the heating resistor R H in the region of the intermediate phases ⁇ R Hm , ⁇ R He .
- the time change dR H / dt of the heating resistor R H is advantageously evaluated, as shown in FIG. 1b.
- 1b is again a schematic illustration analogous to FIG. 1a and accordingly subject to strong fluctuations under real conditions due to changing environmental influences.
- the edge changes of the temporal change dR H / dt are used to trigger an evaluation, so that the heating resistor R H is determined for the edge changes and its value is stored for simultaneous or later control of the heating.
- time values t m1 , t m2 , t e1 , t e2 and the time differences (t m2 - t m1 , t e2 - t e1 ) are advantageously stored and evaluated in conjunction with the threshold values Th R1 , Th R2 etc. for control purposes.
- the evaluation interprets such that there is no moisture on the mirror surface and the heating must be switched off for a longer period of time.
- the slew rates dR H / dt of the two intermediate phases, the melting phase and the evaporation phase can be different.
- the rates of increase dR H / dt of the heating phases before and after the intermediate phase may also differ.
- further threshold values Th m and Th e are specified or determined, which are compared for evaluation with the slew rates dR H / dt.
- the heating can be controlled additionally or alternatively as a function of the rate of increase dR H / dt and the threshold values Th m and Th e .
- FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a control device IC for control the heating of the motor vehicle side mirror KSS, for example.
- the Control device IC is via a CAN bus or another bus, such as VAN, Token ring, etc. connected to further functional units EX of the motor vehicle. about
- the control device IC receives further data, for example via the CAN bus the actuation of a wiper provided. From the actuation of the The wiper is included in the evaluation by the control device IC, by, for example, closing rain and the mirror at least temporarily until is heated to the evaporation temperature.
- the control device IC is advantageous with an input device for manual actuation of heating functions connected.
- the control device IC is connected in series with the heating resistor R H through which the heating current I H flows and is connected to the battery voltage U B or to ground GND.
- the control device IC has a switch S with a connected, associated driver D.
- the driver D is in turn connected to a computing unit EU of the control device IC.
- a measuring unit MU of the control device IC is also connected to the heating resistor R H. With the measuring unit MU, for example, a voltage or a current can be determined.
- the measuring unit MU is also connected to the computing unit EU for evaluating the measured values.
- the heating resistor R H is switched at least temporarily as an element, for example of a measuring bridge, which is part of the measuring unit MU.
- the measuring unit MU can also be operatively connected to a temperature sensor, not shown in FIG. 2, which is thermally coupled to the heating resistor R H or the functional unit to be heated.
- the heating resistor R H is switched at least temporarily as an element of an oscillating circuit.
- the resonant circuit is part of the measuring unit MU.
- the heating resistor R H is determined using the frequency of the resonant circuit.
- other measuring methods and measuring units MU can also be used to determine the heating resistance R H
- control device is constructed from purely analog elements, the evaluation and control can take place continuously.
- control device is advantageously equipped with a digital computing unit for evaluation and control. This enables the calculation of complex functions and the inclusion of temperature-independent factors, such as the actuation of a windshield wiper, in the evaluation.
- the computing unit is connected to a memory M, in particular a non-volatile memory (EEPROM), for storing, for example, the threshold values Th m and Th e .
- EEPROM non-volatile memory
- the digital control device IC has a clock C, a timer C or pulse generator C as a time base.
- the time base C serves on the one hand for clocking the digital elements of the control device IC, that is also for determining or calculating the times t 0 , t m1 , t m2 , t e1 and t e2 .
- the measurement values of the measuring unit MU are determined in a time-discrete manner.
- the time change dR H / dt of the heating resistor or the heating temperature is determined, for example, from the difference between two successive time-discrete measured values.
- FIGS. 3a and 3b More detailed schematic exemplary embodiments of a control device IC are shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b.
- 3a shows a conventional solution made up of individual components.
- the heating resistor R H is connected in series with a shunt resistor R S or measuring resistor R S.
- the shunt resistor R S is thermally decoupled from the heating resistor R H and ideally has little or no temperature dependence.
- the heating resistor R H is determined from the heating current I H and a heating voltage U B - U Rs .
- the heating current I H is determined from U Rs / R S.
- the voltage drop across the shunt resistor R S is converted by the analog-to-digital converter ADC into digital, discrete measured values and evaluated by the computing unit EU.
- the computing unit EU has a counter C 1 , which is connected to a quartz crystal Q 1 to generate a time base.
- the computing unit EU with the counter C 1 is advantageously a microcontroller.
- An output of the microcontroller EU is connected to a PNP transistor D 1 for driving the relay coil L S1 .
- a relay switch S 1 is mechanically coupled to the relay coil L S1 , with which the heating current I H can be switched at heating intervals to be controlled.
- the microcontroller EU is connected via a BUS to an external temperature sensor eTS, which measures the ambient air temperature.
- the external temperature sensor eTS is used to prevent the heating from being switched on for air temperatures above freezing (0 ° C), as there is no ice on the mirror which impairs the view of the vehicle occupant.
- FIG. 3b shows a solution that enables the control device IC to be integrated in a so-called smart power technology.
- the control device IC has an integrated circuit with a controller EU and a power semiconductor LT 1 , which can be controlled by the controller EU, in smart power technology.
- the control device IC is in turn connected to other functional units, such as a clock eCLK and an air temperature sensor eTS, of the motor vehicle via a BUS.
- the computing unit EU is in turn connected to an analog-to-digital converter ADC for recording the measured values.
- the computing unit EU has means for pulse-width modulation PWM.
- the output OUT LT1 of the computing unit EU with the pulse-width-modulated control signals is connected to the gate of a power MOSFET LT 1 for controlling the heating.
- the control device IC has an essentially temperature-independent constant current source S IK , which is at least temporarily connected to the heating resistor R H.
- the constant current I K of the constant current source S IK generates a measurement voltage U M which is dependent on the heating temperature and is measured by the analog-digital converter ADC.
- the constant current source S IK can be controlled via the control output OUT SIK of the computing unit EU, for example to reduce the quiescent current.
- the power transistor LT 1 and the constant current source S IK advantageously consist of a single MOSFET, the gate voltage of which is varied accordingly for a constant current I K or for the full heating current I H.
- a high-side driver is used, so that the heating resistor R H is connected between the high-side driver and ground GND.
- control device IC In order to control several heaters, which can also heat different functional units, by means of the control device IC, the control device IC has a multiplexer, not shown in the figures, which cyclically connects the measuring unit MU of the control device IC to the heating resistor R H to be measured. In addition, the control device IC has a plurality of power transistors LT 1 in order to control the individual heating currents I H.
- step 1 the heating is started.
- the heating is started, for example, by the vehicle occupant, who turns it on would like to thaw ice adhering to the motor vehicle side mirror.
- the heater can also be started automatically when the outside temperature of the air, for example is below 0 ° C or the activated wipers signal rain.
- Step 2 makes it possible to query whether an external parameter T ex is below a threshold value T exth .
- the external parameter T ex is an outside temperature or information that the motor vehicle has been parked in a garage.
- the heating is stopped accordingly.
- step 4 there is a security question. If the heating temperature T S is above a threshold value T Smax , which represents the maximum permissible heating temperature, the heating is stopped immediately in step 5. Otherwise, if T S ⁇ T Smax , the heating is controlled in step 6 and electrical power is converted into heat.
- the change in time dR H / dt of the heating resistor R H is evaluated in step 7 and the change in time dR H / dt is compared with a threshold value Th m for melting the ice. If the change in time dR H / dt is greater than the threshold value Th m , steps 4 and 5 or 6 follow again and after a certain heating period again 7. If the change in time dR H / dt is less than the threshold value Th m , the current one The value of the heating resistor R H (t) is stored as the threshold R Hm . Then steps 4 'and 5' or 6 'follow analogously to steps 4, 5 and 6.
- step 9 the change in time dR H / dt of the heating resistor R H is again evaluated and the change in time dR H / dt is compared with the threshold value Th m . If the change in time dR H / dt of the heating resistor R H is substantially greater than the threshold value Th m , the current value of the heating resistor R H (t) is stored as a threshold value Th R1 . Steps 4 ", 5" and 6 "apply analogously to steps 4, 5 and 6.
- Step 12 should be considered in the same way as step 7.
- the change over time dR H / dt is compared with a threshold value Th e for the evaporation moisture adhering to the mirror.
- the current value of the heating resistor R H (t) is stored as a threshold Th R2 or as an evaporation value R He .
- the heating can be switched off, for example.
- the stored threshold values Th m , Th e , Th R2 and Th R1 are used to evaluate and control subsequent heating processes, for example after a restart of the motor vehicle.
- the outside temperature is detected as below 0 ° C. (the following method steps are not included in the figures).
- the heating resistor R H is energized for heating. If the time change dR H / dt of the heating resistor R H does not decrease when the threshold value R Hn is reached, for example below the threshold value Th m , the heating is stopped. The mirror is obviously not iced over.
- the heating temperature determined by a heating temperature sensor thermally coupled to the functional unit can be independent of the manufacturing tolerances of the heating resistor are manufactured and thus a particularly precise determination of the am Heating temperature sensor measured actual temperature. However, this is a very good thermal Coupling between heating resistor and heating temperature sensor necessary.
Landscapes
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
- Rear-View Mirror Devices That Are Mounted On The Exterior Of The Vehicle (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Fig 1a
- ein schematisches Diagramm des Verlauf des Heizwiderstandes über der Zeit,
- Fig 1b
- ein schematisches Diagramm des Verlauf der zeitlichen Heizwiderstandsänderung über der Zeit,
- Fig 2
- ein schematischer Schaltkreis einer Steuerungsvorrichtung,
- Fig 3a
- ein weiterer schematischer Schaltkreis einer Steuerungsvorrichtung,
- Fig 3b
- ein weiterer schematischer Schaltkreis einer Steuerungsvorrichtung,
- Fig 4
- einen schematischen Verfahrensablauf,
- Fig 4'
- die Fortsetzung des schematischen Verfahrensablaufes aus FIG 4, und
- Fig 5
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Kraftfahrzeugspiegelheizung.
- t
- Zeit
- t0
- Heizbeginn
- tm1
- Zeitbeginn der Schmelzung
- tm2
- Zeitende der Schmelzung
- te1
- Zeitbeginn der Verdampfung
- te2
- Zeitende der Verdampfung
- RH, RH1, RH2, RH3
- Heizwiderstand
- ΔRHm
- Heizwiderstandsdifferenz während der Schmelzung
- ΔRHe
- Heizwiderstandsdifferenz während der Verdampfung
- RHon
- Heizwiderstandswert zu Beginn der Heizung
- ThR1, ThR2
- Schwellwert
- The, Thm
- Schwellwert
- dRH/dt
- Ableitung des Heizwiderstandes nach der Zeit
- IC
- Steuerungsvorrichtung
- UB
- Spannung der Kraftfahrzeugbatterie
- GND
- Masse
- BUS
- serieller oder paralleler Datenbus (CAN)
- EX
- externe Einheit
- EU
- Recheneinheit
- MU
- Meßeinheit
- D
- Treiber
- S
- Schalter
- M
- Speicher
- C
- Taktgeber oder Impulsgeber, Uhr
- eTS
- externer Temperatursensor
- C1
- Zähleinheit
- Q1
- Schwing-Quarz
- D1
- Treibertransistor (PNP)
- LS1
- Relaisspule zum Schalter S1
- RS
- Meßwiderstand oder Shuntwiderstand
- ADC
- Analog-Digital-Umsetzer
- eCLK
- externe Uhr, externer Taktgeber oder Impulsgeber
- PWM
- Einheit zur Puls-Weiten-Modulation
- OutLT1
- Steuerausgang für Leistungstransistor
- LT1
- Leistungstransistor (MOSFET)
- OutSIK
- Steuerausgang Konstantstromquelle
- SIK
- Konstantstromquelle, Konstantstromsenke
- IK
- Konstantstrom
- UM
- Meßpotential, Meßspannung gegen Masse
- KSS
- Kraftfahrzeugseitenspiegel
- Tex
- umgebende Lufttemperatur
- Texth
- Schwellwert für die umgebende Lufttemperatur
- TS
- Spiegeltemperatur
- TSmax
- Schwellwert für die maximale Spiegeltemperatur
- RHm
- Heizwiderstandswert für die Schmelzphase
- RHe
- Heizwiderstandswert für die Verdampfungsphase
Claims (18)
- Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Heizung einer Funktionseinheit eines Kraftfahrzeugs, insbesondere eines Außenspiegels, eines Schlosses oder einer Fensterscheibe, mit mindestens einem Heizelement (RH), dessen Heizleistung elektrisch steuerbar ist, indemdie Heizung der Funktionseinheit manuell oder automatisch gestartet wird,eine Isttemperatur oder eine von der Isttemperatur abhängige Kenngröße (RH,UH,IH,Um,Im) bestimmt wird,der zeitliche Verlauf der Isttemperatur oder der von der Isttemperatur abhängigen Kenngröße (RH,UH,IH,Um,Im) ermittelt wird und den Phasenübergang von Wasser bestimmende charakteristische Merkmale dieses zeitlichen Verlaufs ausgewertet werden, unddie Heizleistung des Heizelementes (RH) in Abhängigkeit von der Auswertung dieser charakteristischen Merkmale gesteuert wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Isttemperatur oder die von der Isttemperatur abhängige Kenngröße (RH,UH,IH,Um,Im) vor und/oder nach einem Heizungszeitraum bestimmt wird. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
vor dem Heizungszeitraum der Phasenübergang von Wasser bestimmt wird und in Abhängigkeit von dem bestimmten Phasenübergang die Heizung automatisch gestartet und/oder die Heizleistung erhöht wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Isttemperatur oder die von der Isttemperatur abhängige Kenngröße (RH,UH,IH,Um,Im) nur während eines Heizungszeitraum bestimmt wird. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
als charakteristische Merkmale durch einen Phasenübergang von Wasser verursachte unterschiedliche Abfall- und/oder Anstiegsgeschwindigkeiten der Isttemperatur oder der von der Isttemperatur abhängigen Kenngröße (RH,UH,IH,Um,Im) ausgewertet werden. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
als charakteristisches Merkmal ein durch einen Phasenübergang von Wasser verursachtes Minimum der zeitlichen Änderung (dRH/dt) der Isttemperatur oder der von der Isttemperatur abhängigen Kenngröße (RH,UH,IH,Um,Im) als charakteristisches Merkmal bestimmt wird. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, mit einem temperaturabhängigen Heizwiderstand (RH) als Heizelement (RH), der zur Heizung von einem Heizstrom (IH) durchflossen wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
als von der Isttemperatur abhängige Kenngröße (RH,UH,IH,Um,Im) der temperaturabhängige Heizwiderstand (RH) oder eine vom temperaturabhängigen Heizwiderstand (RH) abhängige Meßgröße (UH,IH,Um,Im) bestimmt wird, und
die Heizleistung anhand des bestimmten Heizwiderstandes (RH) oder der bestimmten Meßgröße (UH,IH,Um,Im) gesteuert wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
zur Steuerung der Heizung zusätzlich die zeitliche Änderung (dRH/dt) des Heizwiderstandes (RH) oder der vom Heizwiderstand (RH) abhängigen Meßgröße (UH,IH,Um,Im) ausgewertet wird, wobei insbesondere
ein Wert (RHm) des Heizwiderstandes (RH) oder der vom Heizwiderstand (RH) abhängigen Meßgröße (UH,IH,Um,Im) für ein Minimum der zeitlichen Änderung (dRH/dt) bestimmt wird, und
für nachfolgende Auswertungen der aktuelle Heizwiderstand (RH) mit dem Wert (RHm) beziehungsweise der Meßgröße (UH,IH,Um,Im) verglichen wird. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
der Wert (RHm) der Isttemperatur oder der von der Isttemperatur abhängige Kenngröße (RH,UH,IH,Um,Im), insbesondere der Widerstandswert (RHm) des Heizwiderstandes (RH) oder der Meßwert der vom Heizwiderstand (RH) abhängigen Meßgröße (UH,IH,Um,Im), für einen bestimmten Phasenübergang von Wasser gespeichert wird. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 oder 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
anhand des Wertes (RHm) und des Temperaturkoeffizienten des Heizwiderstandes (RH) die Heizung gesteuert wird, indem insbesondere aus dem Wert (RHm) mindestens ein Schwellwert (ThR2, ThR1) zur Steuerung bestimmt wird, und zur Steuerung der Heizwiderstand (RH) oder die Meßgröße (UH,IH,Um,Im) durch einen Vergleicher mit einem Schwellwert (RHe,RHm,The,Thm,ThR2,ThR1) verglichen wird, und die Heizung anhand des Vergleiches gesteuert wird. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
Werte (RHm) oder Meßwerte des Heizwiderstandes (RH) oder der Meßgröße (UH,IH,Um,Im) durch einen Fensterkomparator als Vergleicher mit einem oberen Schwellwert (The,ThR2) und einem unteren Schwellwert (Thm,ThR1) verglichen wird, und die Heizung bei Überschreitung des oberen Schwellwertes (The,ThR2) ausgeschalten und bei Unterschreiten des unteren Schwellwertes (Thm,ThR1) eingeschalten wird. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
zur Steuerung der Heizung der Heizstrom (IH) in Intervallen geschalten wird, wobei insbesondere
zur Steuerung der Heizung der Heizstrom (IH) mittels einer Pulsweitenmodulation geregelt wird. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 12,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
aus dem Heizstrom (IH) und einer Heizspannung der Heizwiderstand (RH) bestimmt wird, indem
zur Bestimmung des temperaturabhängigen Heizwiderstandes (RH) oder der Meßgröße der Heizwiderstand (RH) zumindest temporär von einem konstanten (von der Temperatur unabhängigen) Strom (IK) durchflossen wird, und/oder zur Bestimmung des temperaturabhängigen Heizwiderstandes (RH) oder der Meßgröße der Heizwiderstand (RH) zumindest temporär als Element einer Meßbrücke geschalten wird, und der Heizwiderstand (RH) mittels der Meßbrücke bestimmt wird, oder
zur Bestimmung des temperaturabhängigen Heizwiderstandes (RH) oder der Meßgröße der Heizwiderstand (RH) zumindest temporär als Element eines Schwingkreises geschalten wird, und
der Heizwiderstand (RH) mittels der Frequenz des Schwingkreises bestimmt wird. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
ein von der Heizung unabhängiger eine Lufttemperatur messender Temperatursensor (eTS) des Kraftfahrzeugs zur Steuerung der Heizung zusätzlich ausgewertet wird, so daß insbesondere verschiedene Heizmodi der Heizung der Funktionseinheit für zugeordnete Lufttemperaturen gestartet werden. - Heizung einer Funktionseinheit eines Kraftfahrzeugs, insbesondere eines Außenspiegels, eines Schlosses oder einer Fensterscheibe, mit mindestens einem Heizelement (RH), dessen Heizleistung elektrisch steuerbar ist,
gekennzeichnet durch
eine Steuerungsvorrichtung (IC) zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche. - Heizung nach Anspruch 15,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
das Heizelement (RH) ein temperaturabhängiger Heizwiderstand (RH) ist, der zur Heizung von einem Heizstrom (IH) durchflossen wird,
der temperaturabhängige Heizwiderstand (RH) mit einer Meßeinheit (MU) der Steuerungsvorrichtung (IC) zur Bestimmung des temperaturabhängigen Heizwiderstandes (RH) oder einer vom temperaturabhängigen Heizwiderstand (RH) abhängigen Meßgröße (UH,IH,Um,Im) verbunden ist, und
der Heizwiderstand (RH) zur Steuerung mit einem Steuerelement (S,S1,LT1) der Steuerungsvorrichtung (IC) verbunden ist. - Heizung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 oder 16,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
zur Bestimmung einer zeitlichen Änderung (dRH/dt) der Widerstandswerte des Heizwiderstandes (RH) die Steuerungsvorrichtung (IC) mit einem Zeitgeber (C) oder einem Impulsgeber (C) verbunden ist, oder einen Zeitgeber (C) oder einen Impulsgeber (C) aufweist und/oder
die Meßeinheit (MU) einen Analog-Digital-Umsetzer (ADC) aufweist, dessen analoger Eingang mit dem Heizwiderstand (RH) verbunden ist. - Heizung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 17,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Steuerungsvorrichtung (IC) einen Speicher (M) zur Speicherung eines Wertes (RHe,RHm) der Isttemperatur oder der Kenngröße (RH,UH,IH,Um,Im) für ein Charakteristikum des zeitlichen Verlaufs der Isttemperatur aufweist, und/oder
zur Bestimmung des Heizwiderstandes (RH) die Steuerungsvorrichtung (IC) eine Konstantstromquelle (SIK) aufweist, die mit dem Heizwiderstand (RH) zumindest temporär verbunden ist, wobei insbesondere
die Steuervorrichtung (IC) einen integrierten Schaltkreis mit einem Controller und einem, vom Controller steuerbaren Leistungshalbleiter in Smart-Power-Technologie aufweist.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE10120098 | 2001-04-25 | ||
DE10120098A DE10120098B4 (de) | 2001-04-25 | 2001-04-25 | Heizung und Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Heizung einer Funktionseinheit eines Kraftfahrzeuges |
PCT/DE2002/001463 WO2002089526A2 (de) | 2001-04-25 | 2002-04-16 | Heizung und verfahren zur steuerung einer heizung einer funktionseinheit eines kraftfahrzeugs |
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EP1382227A2 EP1382227A2 (de) | 2004-01-21 |
EP1382227B1 true EP1382227B1 (de) | 2004-11-24 |
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EP02740270A Expired - Lifetime EP1382227B1 (de) | 2001-04-25 | 2002-04-16 | Heizung und verfahren zur steuerung einer heizung einer funktionseinheit eines kraftfahrzeugs |
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EP (1) | EP1382227B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10120098B4 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2233829T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002089526A2 (de) |
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DE202019005501U1 (de) | 2018-08-09 | 2020-11-03 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Scheibenheizung mit intelligenter Überwachung |
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2001
- 2001-04-25 DE DE10120098A patent/DE10120098B4/de not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
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2002
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- 2002-04-16 DE DE50201626T patent/DE50201626D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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DE50201626D1 (de) | 2004-12-30 |
DE10120098A1 (de) | 2002-12-12 |
ES2233829T3 (es) | 2005-06-16 |
US6917019B2 (en) | 2005-07-12 |
DE10120098B4 (de) | 2004-02-05 |
EP1382227A2 (de) | 2004-01-21 |
US20040094529A1 (en) | 2004-05-20 |
WO2002089526A2 (de) | 2002-11-07 |
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