EP1339901B1 - Dispositif permettant de tendre une garniture de carde - Google Patents
Dispositif permettant de tendre une garniture de carde Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1339901B1 EP1339901B1 EP01999692A EP01999692A EP1339901B1 EP 1339901 B1 EP1339901 B1 EP 1339901B1 EP 01999692 A EP01999692 A EP 01999692A EP 01999692 A EP01999692 A EP 01999692A EP 1339901 B1 EP1339901 B1 EP 1339901B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- brake
- braking
- card clothing
- roller
- force
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
- D01G15/00—Carding machines or accessories; Card clothing; Burr-crushing or removing arrangements associated with carding or other preliminary-treatment machines
- D01G15/84—Card clothing; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- D01G15/92—Attaching card clothing to carding elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for mounting a card clothing on a roller, comprising a roller drive unit and a braking device acting on the card clothing for generating a take-up bias in the region of the card clothing between roller and braking device.
- Garnished carding rolls are produced by winding a kind of sawtooth wire onto a roll main body.
- the sawtooth wire lies flat on a feed bobbin. From this feed bobbin the device pulls off the carding set.
- the sawtooth wire is fastened with its free end region to an outer circumferential piece of the roll base body and thereby guided at a distance from the roll base body by a braking device.
- the roller body is driven by a regulated drive motor.
- the braking device consists of laterally on the sawtooth wire with spring pressure aufmpden brake shoes, so that there is always a certain bias between the braking device and the roller body in the carding during winding is available see eg. CH 255376. This device has also been used by the Applicant for years and has been very well proven. Nevertheless, there are efforts to bring about an improvement here as well.
- the braking device comprises at least one on an outer side of the carded garter aufietyde and follower brake roller and the braking force generating brake force device, wherein the brake power brake the Kardiergarnitur indirectly via the brake roller.
- a braking device has now been provided with at least one urging and revolving brake roller and a braking force device.
- the braking force is no longer generated by sliding friction directly on the Kardiergarnitur, but by braking by means of the interposition of the brake roller, so that exist due to equal velocities at the aufietyden circumference of the brake roller and intermeshing with this Kardiergarnitur stiction conditions.
- How and at which point then the indirect braking via the braking force device is irrelevant, as far as possible no sliding friction occurs between the brake roller and carding.
- the Kardiergarnitur wound in any case damage-free with the desired bias on a roll body.
- Such static friction conditions between the card clothing and the brake roller can also be better controlled and determined as sliding friction conditions, which is why improved control or regulation of the wind-up conditions could also take place.
- a pair of brake rollers may be provided, through which the carded garnish can be passed and through which a braking effect can be effected together.
- the braking effect can also be greatly influenced by the choice of material for the brake rollers.
- the push-up force may additionally be adjustable or controllable or controllable.
- At least one brake roller is provided as a guide roller with a profiling, wherein the profiling is adapted to a portion of the outer contour of the reassembling Kardiergarnitur.
- At least one brake roller has a circumferential groove in which the foot area of the card clothing is guided in an essentially fitting manner.
- the widened foot area of the carding trolleys can have all the usual cross-sectional shapes.
- a triangular groove may extend below the tooth area and a triangular spring on the other side of the foot area. This tongue and groove are then essentially accurately with adjacent turns of the Gamitur engaged.
- the brake roller having a mounted shaft, which acts on the brake force device.
- the shaft is then firmly connected to the brake roller as a rule.
- the braking force device can in turn achieve a braking force effect via sliding friction.
- this sliding friction takes place away from the carded clothing, so that it has no influence on this and the said indirect braking takes place. Should it come between the shaft and this brake force to wear, so the brake power can be designed interchangeable without any problems.
- the brake force device may comprise brake shoes acting on the shaft.
- brake shoes acting on the shaft may comprise brake shoes acting on the shaft.
- all common brake shoe constructions could be applied, which can act on the shaft directly or indirectly.
- this can include a setting unit for adjusting the braking effect.
- the braking device comprises a control and / or regulating unit, by means of which the braking effect is automatically adaptable to the Aufwickelvorschreib. This ensures that the entire carding set is wound up with a predetermined pretension. As a rule, this is the same over the entire winding process. However, there are also different controls on the winding possible.
- the roller drive unit is integrated into the control and / or regulating circuit of the control and / or regulating unit and the roller drive unit can be controlled or regulated for automatic adaptation to the predetermined winding bias voltage.
- the roller drive and the braking effect and also the bias achieved thereby can be matched exactly to each other, so that always takes place the desired bias and thus optimal winding of the carding on the roller body.
- the braking device comprises a brake motor or an eddy current brake or torque brake, which then applies the braking effect without a sliding friction between the brake rollers and the Kardiergarnitur is present.
- a braking force sensor encompassed by the braking device is provided which, for. B. electronically record the braking force continuously and can document. As a result, a quality control for the mounting of the carding set is given.
- the braking device may comprise a recording unit for recording the braking force and / or the winding speed. As a result, several parameters can be recorded and monitored in parallel.
- the braking device may also include a speed sensor. This can also be used, for example, for real-time recording, in which, for example, the braking force and winding speed are monitored in parallel.
- the brake rollers arranged in series can also be grouped symmetrically, so that a plurality of brake roller pairs are arranged in series one behind the other.
- a brake band is guided over the brake rollers arranged in series, which is pressed onto an outer side of the carded garnish.
- the brake band then runs in the manner of a conveyor belt to the brake rollers and is pressed by these against the carding. This results in a more uniform braking force transmission over the entire length of the voltage applied to the Kardiergarnitur side of the brake band.
- the brake band can consist of different materials.
- circulating chains with corresponding brake pads could find application, so that the brake rollers would then be shaped like a sprocket. Again, the paired arrangement for two-sided application of force Kardiergarnitur is possible.
- the mounting device 1 shown in FIG. 1 essentially comprises a holding station 2 for a supply spool 3 on which a sawtooth wire-shaped card clothing 4 is wound flat, a braking device 5 and a roller 6.
- the roller 6 is a motor 7 and a transmission device 8 in Driven clockwise.
- the motor 7 has a control and regulating device 9 by which the speed of the roller 6 and the direction of rotation can be controlled.
- the braking device 5 comprises a control and regulating device 10, which for a certain braking effect provides.
- the control and regulating device 9 and the control and regulating device 10 are in operative connection with each other. In a further embodiment, these can also be used as a unit for driving both the braking device 5 and the motor 7.
- the sawtooth wire-shaped card clothing 4 is unwound, then passed through the brake device 5 and wound on the outer circumference of the roller 6.
- the card clothing 4 then runs after the winding helically on the outer circumference of the roller. 6
- the braking device 5 is shown in Fig. 1 only schematically as a box. With reference to FIG. 2, this will be explained in greater detail.
- the braking device 5 is intended, in conjunction with the roller 6 and here in particular via the roller drive, to apply a preload in the region 12 of the card clothing 4 to the motor 7. This bias ensures a uniform and permanent winding or winding the carding 4.
- the card clothing 4 comprises in cross-section a narrower upper tooth region 13 and a wider, substantially rectangular lower foot region 14.
- the brake device 5 comprises a brake roller pair with a left, cylindrical brake roller 16 and a right, provided with an annular groove 17, substantially cylindrical brake roller 18.
- the annular groove has a rectangular shape in cross section and is formed in its width to the height of the foot region 14. As a result, a part of the foot region 14 is guided substantially accurately in the annular groove 17.
- the bottom of the annular groove 17 presses against the right side surface 19 of the Kardiergarnitur 4.
- the left side surface 20 of the Kardiergarnitur 4 abuts the cylinder surface of the brake roller 16.
- the card clothing 4 is thus passed in a gap 21 between the two brake rollers 16 and 18.
- the upper side wall 22 of the annular groove 17 guides the shoulder 15, while the lower side wall 23 of the annular groove 17 engages under the underside 24 of the foot region 14.
- the card clothing 4 is therefore guided in both the horizontal and in the vertical
- the brake roller 16 is coaxially disposed on a shaft 25 and the brake roller 18 is coaxially mounted on a shaft 26. Both shafts are each rotatably mounted, so that the brake rollers 16 and 18 are each rotatably arranged together with their shafts 25 and 26 about the axes A and B.
- a brake force device 27 acts on the shaft 25 and a brake force device 28 on the shaft 26. Both brake force devices 27 and 28 are shown only schematically and should be regarded as an example of a braking effect which serves for the indirect braking of the card clothing 4.
- the brake force devices 27 described by way of example each comprise adjustable brake shoes 30 which are pressed onto the outer jacket of the shafts 25 and 26 via adjustable springs 29. Both the shafts 25 and 26 and the brake force devices 27 and 28 may be designed to be interchangeable, e.g. for the wear case.
- the respectively applied by the braking force devices 27 and 28 braking force can be controlled or regulated via the control and regulating device 10, so that a targeted braking effect can be achieved.
- Important in this construction of the braking device 5 is the fact that between the carding 4 and the brake rollers 16 and 18 as possible no sliding friction is present. Due to the same speed on the circumference of the brake rollers 16 and 18 and on the right and left side surface 19 and 20 of the carding 4 can be spoken of a static friction influence of the braking device 5.
- the brake force devices 27 and 28 thus indirectly brake the card clothing 4.
- the braking of the brake rollers 16 and 18 via sliding friction on the outer or inner circumference or the braking via a brake motor, a magnetic brake or the like may be mentioned.
- the surface of the brake rollers 16 and 18 may have a defined roughness up to the knurling to prevent slippage of the Kardiergarnitur 4 due to the bias.
- the brake device 5 it is very easy to provide the brake device 5 with sensors that count, for example, the running meters, hold the speed during winding and ultimately also record the braking force for a brake motor continuously and optionally incorporate this information in the control loop. It is also possible to log the winding process and this data process (eg saving, printing, etc.). In particular, the tightening tension or any existing distortion could be recorded.
- the devices required for this purpose can be provided as an extra extension or as an accessory or as an integral unit.
- the mounting device 1 described is particularly suitable for a Aufziehvorgang in all-steel sets.
- a wide variety of shapes which also lead to a concatenation of the adjacent turns of the carding set, can be applied.
- the configuration as a tongue and groove (for example, triangular) can take place.
- a braking force sensor can continuously record the braking force and document it for quality control.
- a winding speed can also be detected in parallel by means of a second sensor. As a result, a real recording is possible.
- a plurality of brake rollers can be arranged on one side of the carding in series in a row.
- This series of brake rollers can in turn be associated with a number of brake rollers on the opposite side of the carding. These can be arranged at the same height, so that brake roller pairs are arranged in series one behind the other. An offset arrangement is also possible.
- About this in series successively arranged brake rollers and a rotating brake band can be performed, so that this brake band is pressed against the Kardiergarnitur.
- the execution of the brake band as a chain with a corresponding Andruckbelag is also possible, so that then the brake rollers would be designed in the manner of a sprocket.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
- Controlling Rewinding, Feeding, Winding, Or Abnormalities Of Webs (AREA)
- Registering, Tensioning, Guiding Webs, And Rollers Therefor (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Claims (15)
- Dispositif permettant de tendre une garniture de carde (4) sur un rouleau (6), avec une unité d'entraînement de rouleau (7) et un dispositif de freinage (5), agissant sur la garniture de carde (4) pour produire une pré-tension mécanique d'enroulement dans la zone (12) de la garniture de carde (4), entre le rouleau (6) et le dispositif de freinage (5), caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de freinage (5) comprend au moins un rouleau de freinage (16, 18), pressant sur une face extérieure (19, 20) de 1a garniture de carde (4) et se déplaçant conjointement avec elle, et un dispositif de production de force de freinage (28) produisant la force de freinage, le dispositif de production de force de freinage (28) freinant la garniture de carde (4) indirectement, par l'intermédiaire du rouleau de freinage (16, 18).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'est prévue une paire de rouleaux de freinage (16, 18), à travers laquelle la garniture de carde (4) est susceptible d'être guidée et au moyen de laquelle peut conjointement être produit un effet de freinage.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un rouleau de freinage (18) est muni, en tant que rouleau de guidage, d'un profilage, le profilage étant adapté à un tronçon du contour extérieur de la garniture de carde (4) à tendre.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 3, pour tendre des garnitures de carde (4), avec une zone dentée (13) étroite, et une zone de pied (14) élargie, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un rouleau de freinage (18) présente une gorge périphérique (17), dans laquelle est guidée, de façon ajustée sensiblement précisément, la zone de pied (14) de la garniture de carde (4).
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le rouleau de freinage (16, 18) présente un arbre (25, 26) monté sur paliers, sur lequel agit le dispositif de production de force de freinage (28).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de production de force de freinage (28) comprend des mâchoires de freinage (30) agissant sur l'arbre (25, 26).
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de freinage (5) comprend une unité de réglage, pour régler l'effet de freinage.
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de freinage (5) comprend une unité de commande et/ou de régulation (10), au moyen de laquelle un effet de freinage peut être adapté automatiquement sur la pré-tension d'enroulement.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que l'unité d'entraînement à rouleaux (7) est incorporée dans le circuit de commande et/ou de régulation de l'unité de commande et/ou de régulation (10), et l'unité d'entraînement à rouleaux (7) est susceptible d'être commandée ou régulée, pour obtenir une adaptation automatique à la pré-tension d'enroulement prédéterminée.
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de freinage (5) comprend un moteur-frein ou un frein à courant de Foucault, ou un frein à couple de rotation.
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de freinage (5) comprend un capteur de force de freinage.
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de freinage (5) comprend une unité d'enregistrement, pour enregistrer la force de freinage et/ou la vitesse d'application de la tension mécanique.
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de freinage (5) comprend un capteur de vitesse.
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins deux rouleaux de freinage (16, 18) sont disposés en série.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que, par l'intermédiaire des rouleaux de freinage (16, 18) disposés en série, une bande de frein est guidée, pressée sur une face extérieure (19, 20) de la garniture de carde (4).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10061286A DE10061286C1 (de) | 2000-12-08 | 2000-12-08 | Vorrichtung zum Aufziehen einer Kardiergarnitur |
DE10061286 | 2000-12-08 | ||
PCT/EP2001/014410 WO2002046505A1 (fr) | 2000-12-08 | 2001-12-07 | Dispositif permettant de tendre une garniture de carde |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1339901A1 EP1339901A1 (fr) | 2003-09-03 |
EP1339901B1 true EP1339901B1 (fr) | 2006-10-11 |
Family
ID=7666417
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01999692A Expired - Lifetime EP1339901B1 (fr) | 2000-12-08 | 2001-12-07 | Dispositif permettant de tendre une garniture de carde |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040056137A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1339901B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1296536C (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE342387T1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE10061286C1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2273925T3 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2002046505A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10249001A1 (de) * | 2002-10-21 | 2004-04-29 | Hollingsworth Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Aufziehen einer Kardiergarnitur mit Kraftmesseinrichtung |
DE102004004433A1 (de) * | 2004-01-28 | 2005-08-18 | Trützschler GmbH & Co KG | Vorrichtung an einer Spinnereimaschine, insbesondere Karde, Reiniger o. dgl., zum Aufziehen einer Garnitur auf eine Walze |
DE102004055310A1 (de) * | 2004-11-16 | 2006-05-18 | Trützschler GmbH & Co KG | Vorrichtung an einer Spinnereimaschine, insbesondere Karde, Krempel, Reiniger o. dgl. zum Aufziehen einer Garnitur auf eine Walze |
EP2336407B1 (fr) | 2009-12-16 | 2012-08-15 | Groz-Beckert KG | Dispositif de montage pour garnitures de carde en acier |
EP2336406B1 (fr) * | 2009-12-16 | 2015-02-18 | Groz-Beckert KG | Dispositif de montage pour garnitures de carde en acier |
DE202009014906U1 (de) | 2009-12-22 | 2010-05-12 | Groz-Beckert Kg | Rollenbremse für eine Aufziehvorrichtung |
CN105780210A (zh) * | 2016-03-27 | 2016-07-20 | 无锡南理工科技发展有限公司 | 用于编织主罗拉针布的装置 |
CN105780209A (zh) * | 2016-03-27 | 2016-07-20 | 无锡南理工科技发展有限公司 | 一种编织主罗拉针布的方法 |
CN111910301B (zh) * | 2020-08-06 | 2021-06-11 | 江苏悦达棉纺有限公司 | 金属针布包卷压臂 |
Family Cites Families (33)
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GB435742A (en) * | 1934-11-22 | 1935-09-26 | Davis & Furber | Improvements in and relating to card roller mounting machines |
GB564214A (en) * | 1943-03-12 | 1944-09-18 | Arthur Abbey | Improvements in machines for mounting card clothing on drums or rolls of carding engines |
CH255376A (de) * | 1947-03-19 | 1948-06-30 | Rieter Joh Jacob & Cie Ag | Einrichtung zum Aufziehen von Sägezahngarnituren auf Trommeln, insbesondere von Karden. |
BE503585A (fr) * | 1951-03-28 | |||
US3246857A (en) * | 1963-04-30 | 1966-04-19 | Eastman Kodak Co | Strip handling device |
US3285529A (en) * | 1964-06-29 | 1966-11-15 | Collins Radio Co | Tape tensioning device |
US3512052A (en) * | 1968-01-11 | 1970-05-12 | Gen Motors Corp | Metal-insulator-semiconductor voltage variable capacitor with controlled resistivity dielectric |
CA931733A (en) * | 1970-12-22 | 1973-08-14 | Du Pont Of Canada Limited | Fabrication of card clothing drums |
US3810589A (en) * | 1972-01-28 | 1974-05-14 | J Mousseau | Process and apparatus for winding sheet material |
US3809334A (en) * | 1972-11-06 | 1974-05-07 | United Aircraft Corp | Winch system for helicopter |
JPS543594B2 (fr) * | 1973-10-12 | 1979-02-24 | ||
JPS54101176A (en) * | 1978-01-26 | 1979-08-09 | Shinetsu Polymer Co | Contact member for push switch |
US4442019A (en) * | 1978-05-26 | 1984-04-10 | Marks Alvin M | Electroordered dipole suspension |
JPS61197356A (ja) * | 1985-02-27 | 1986-09-01 | Meisan Kk | 張力制御装置 |
US4643367A (en) * | 1985-05-10 | 1987-02-17 | John D. Hollingsworth On Wheels, Inc. | Card wire winding tool and method |
GB2215307B (en) * | 1988-03-04 | 1991-10-09 | Unisys Corp | Electronic component transportation container |
FR2673041A1 (fr) * | 1991-02-19 | 1992-08-21 | Gemplus Card Int | Procede de fabrication de micromodules de circuit integre et micromodule correspondant. |
JPH0580530A (ja) * | 1991-09-24 | 1993-04-02 | Hitachi Ltd | 薄膜パターン製造方法 |
US5173835A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1992-12-22 | Motorola, Inc. | Voltage variable capacitor |
KR0178714B1 (ko) * | 1993-05-12 | 1999-04-15 | 김광호 | 자기테이프의 텐션서보장치 |
JP3068430B2 (ja) * | 1995-04-25 | 2000-07-24 | 富山日本電気株式会社 | 固体電解コンデンサ及びその製造方法 |
US6039286A (en) * | 1995-12-15 | 2000-03-21 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Inertial strap tensioning apparatus and method for strapping machine |
GB2310493B (en) * | 1996-02-26 | 2000-08-02 | Unilever Plc | Determination of the characteristics of fluid |
JP3080579B2 (ja) * | 1996-03-06 | 2000-08-28 | 富士機工電子株式会社 | エアリア・グリッド・アレイ・パッケージの製造方法 |
US5964392A (en) * | 1997-08-22 | 1999-10-12 | The Whitaker Corporation | Wire dereeling unit and marking unit for a wire processing machine |
DE19813991A1 (de) * | 1998-03-28 | 1999-09-30 | Schlafhorst & Co W | Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Auflösewalzengarniturringen |
DE19915251A1 (de) * | 1999-04-03 | 2000-10-05 | Schlafhorst & Co W | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Garniturringen sowie Auflösewalze mit Garniturring |
KR20020036916A (ko) * | 2000-11-11 | 2002-05-17 | 주승기 | 실리콘 박막의 결정화 방법 및 이에 의해 제조된 반도체소자 |
KR100390522B1 (ko) * | 2000-12-01 | 2003-07-07 | 피티플러스(주) | 결정질 실리콘 활성층을 포함하는 박막트랜지스터 제조 방법 |
US20020170897A1 (en) * | 2001-05-21 | 2002-11-21 | Hall Frank L. | Methods for preparing ball grid array substrates via use of a laser |
US6870180B2 (en) * | 2001-06-08 | 2005-03-22 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Organic polarizable gate transistor apparatus and method |
US7351660B2 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2008-04-01 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Process for producing high performance interconnects |
US6812509B2 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2004-11-02 | Palo Alto Research Center Inc. | Organic ferroelectric memory cells |
-
2000
- 2000-12-08 DE DE10061286A patent/DE10061286C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-12-07 EP EP01999692A patent/EP1339901B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-07 CN CNB018202071A patent/CN1296536C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-12-07 US US10/433,939 patent/US20040056137A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-12-07 AT AT01999692T patent/ATE342387T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-12-07 WO PCT/EP2001/014410 patent/WO2002046505A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2001-12-07 DE DE50111225T patent/DE50111225D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-12-07 ES ES01999692T patent/ES2273925T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2273925T3 (es) | 2007-05-16 |
CN1479814A (zh) | 2004-03-03 |
EP1339901A1 (fr) | 2003-09-03 |
WO2002046505A1 (fr) | 2002-06-13 |
DE10061286C1 (de) | 2002-04-04 |
ATE342387T1 (de) | 2006-11-15 |
DE50111225D1 (de) | 2006-11-23 |
CN1296536C (zh) | 2007-01-24 |
US20040056137A1 (en) | 2004-03-25 |
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