EP1297199A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von metallhydroxiden oder basischen metallcarbonaten - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von metallhydroxiden oder basischen metallcarbonatenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1297199A1 EP1297199A1 EP01943480A EP01943480A EP1297199A1 EP 1297199 A1 EP1297199 A1 EP 1297199A1 EP 01943480 A EP01943480 A EP 01943480A EP 01943480 A EP01943480 A EP 01943480A EP 1297199 A1 EP1297199 A1 EP 1297199A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- precipitation
- salt solution
- chamber
- alkaline
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 basic metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004675 formic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002065 alloy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OBWXQDHWLMJOOD-UHFFFAOYSA-H cobalt(2+);dicarbonate;dihydroxide;hydrate Chemical compound O.[OH-].[OH-].[Co+2].[Co+2].[Co+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O OBWXQDHWLMJOOD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical class C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029219 regulation of pH Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102200058937 rs45581936 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/135—Carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/40—Cells or assemblies of cells comprising electrodes made of particles; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to; a process for the production of metal hydroxides and / or metal carbonates by anodic dissolution of corresponding metals and precipitation of the hydroxides or basic carbonates in an aqueous medium.
- Metal hydroxides or basic metal carbonates are usually prepared by precipitation from corresponding aqueous metal salt solutions by reaction with alkali metal hydroxides or alkali metal hydrogen carbonates. This produces stoichiometric amounts of neutral salts that have to be worked up or disposed of.
- EP-A 684 324 it was proposed to circulate anolyte and catholyte circuits separated in a two-chamber electro cell divided by an anion-active ion exchange membrane, nickel being anodically dissolved in the anode chamber, the anolyte containing ammonia as a complexing agent, and hydroxyhones being generated in the cathode chamber and through the membrane into the anode chamber are transferred in which anolytes are hydrolyzed by increasing the temperature, the nickel-amine complexes and nickel hydroxide is precipitated and separated from the anolyte.
- the process allows the particle size of the nickel hydroxide to be controlled over a wide range by controlling the hydrolysis process. However, the process is costly and prone to failure due to the still inadequate service life of commercially available membranes.
- the object of the invention is to provide a process for the production of metal hydroxides which does not have the disadvantages mentioned.
- the method according to the invention also allows the production of basic metal carbonates essentially without the generation of neutral salt.
- Metal salt solution and an alkaline alkali salt solution can be obtained by cathodic hydrogen evolution, which are combined in a second stage for the precipitation of the metal hydroxide.
- the alkali metal salt solution obtained after separation of the metal hydroxide precipitation product is returned to the electrolysis cell. This is achieved by using a three-chamber electrolysis cell, in which the chambers are separated by porous membranes, by introducing an alkali salt solution into the intermediate chamber between the cathode and anode chambers.
- carbon dioxide is additionally introduced into the cathode chamber or into the precipitation reactor of the second stage, basic carbonates are obtained.
- the present invention accordingly relates to a process for the production of metal hydroxides or basic metal carbonates by anodic dissolution of corresponding metals and precipitation of the hydroxides or basic carbonates in an aqueous medium, which is characterized in that the anodic dissolution of the metal component takes place in the anode chamber of a three-chamber electrolysis cell, arranged between the anode chamber and cathode chamber and by an aqueous auxiliary salt solution is continuously fed to this intermediate chamber, separated by porous membranes, an at least non-alkaline metal salt solution is continuously withdrawn from the anode chamber, an alkali auxiliary salt solution is continuously withdrawn from the cathode chamber, and the at least non-alkaline metal salt solution and the alkaline auxiliary salt solution outside the
- Electrolysis cell for the precipitation of metal hydroxides or basic metal carbonates are combined.
- Solution with a complexing agent e.g. a Nö ⁇ solution for the production of spherical precipitation products are supplied.
- Basic metal carbonates are obtained in a simple manner so that carbon dioxide is introduced either into the cathode chamber or into the combined precipitation solution.
- Suitable metals are those which form salts soluble in the aqueous medium, which can be precipitated as hydroxides and / or basic carbonates in neutral or alkaline medium and which, when switched as an anode in the electrolysis cell, do not form non-conductive surface layers (oxides).
- Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, In, Mn, Sn, Zn, Cd and / or Al are particularly preferably used as metals.
- Nickel or cobalt anodes are preferably used.
- Chlorides, nitrates, sulfates, acetates and / or formates of the alkali and / or alkaline earth metals are suitable as auxiliary salts to be introduced into the intermediate chamber of the electrolytic cell.
- Sodium chloride and sodium sulfate are preferred.
- the auxiliary salt solution preferably has a concentration of 1 to 3 mol / 1.
- the auxiliary salt solution introduced into the intermediate chamber flows through the porous
- auxiliary salt solution is preferably introduced into the intermediate chamber at a pressure such that the flow rate through the porous membranes is greater than that
- the inflow rate of the electrolyte must be selected such that the ions with de r higher mobility in any case be prevented from entering the central area.
- the ratio of anions to cations of the auxiliary salt solution which passes through the membrane to the anode side is approximately 1.5 to 3 and conversely the ratio of cations to anions of the auxiliary salt solution which passes through the membrane to the cathode chamber is approximately 1.2 to 3.
- auxiliary saline solution introduced into the intermediate chamber passes through the porous membranes.
- Porous, preferably woven cloths or nets are suitable as membranes, which consist of materials that are resistant to the auxiliary salt solutions, the anolytes and the catholytes.
- Suitable wipes preferably have a pore radius of 10 to 30 ⁇ m. The porosity can be 20 to 50%.
- the auxiliary salt solution with excess anions which passes into the anode compartment from the central compartment is essentially neutralized by the anodic dissolution of the metal anode and is continuously discharged as anolyte.
- a small amount of acid can be fed into the anode chamber, preferably by feeding in an acid which contains the anion of the auxiliary salt solution.
- the anolyte running out of the anode chamber preferably has a metal salt content of 0.5 to 2 mol / 1. Hydrogen and OH "ions are formed on the cathode in accordance with the excess of cations of the auxiliary salt which has passed through the membrane to the cathode compartment. An alkaline auxiliary salt solution thus overflows from the cathode chamber (catholyte).
- Anolyte and catholyte are then brought to the precipitation reaction in a precipitation reactor.
- a hydroxide solution can optionally be added and, if necessary, complexing agents such as ammonia can be added in order to achieve a spherical form of the precipitation products.
- carbon dioxide is fed into the catholyte or directly into the precipitation reactor.
- an optionally alkaline auxiliary salt solution remains which, after neutralization, is preferably returned to the intermediate chamber of the electrolysis. It is also possible to store the anolyte and catholyte in intermediate containers and to carry out the precipitation discontinuously.
- corresponding metal salt solutions of salts of the doping metals can be introduced into the precipitation reactor, the demand for alkali hydroxide supplied to the precipitation reactor for adjusting the precipitation pH to increase molarly in accordance with the amount of the doping salts. It this creates a corresponding excess of neutral salt, which cannot be returned to the intermediate chamber of the electrolytic cell.
- composition corresponds or, but in separate three-chamber electrolysis cells to produce the respective metal salt components separately.
- the precipitation reaction can also be controlled by the presence of complexing agents, for example ammonia, in the precipitation reactor.
- complexing agents for example ammonia
- spherical nickel hydroxides are obtained by introducing ammonia into the precipitation reactor.
- -Amphoteric doping metals e.g. Aluminum can be introduced into the catholyte as aluminum salt or aluminates.
- the precipitation product is separated from the combined auxiliary salt solution (mother liquor). This can be done by sedimentation, by means of cyclones, by centrifugation or filtration. The separation can take place in stages, the precipitate being obtained fractionally by particle size. Furthermore, it may be expedient to return part of the mother liquor to the precipitation reactor as crystallization nuclei after the large metal hydroxide particles have been separated off with the small metal hydroxide particles.
- the mother liquor freed from the precipitate is returned to the intermediate chamber of the three-chamber electrolysis cell, if appropriate after working up.
- the processing serves to remove residual metal ions, to prevent the accumulation of impurities and to re-establish the concentration and composition of the auxiliary salt solution, for example stripping any complexing agent which may be introduced for precipitation.
- the mother liquor can be worked up in the partial stream.
- the process is insensitive to the processing of the auxiliary salt solution. It is generally harmless if the complexing agent is returned to the intermediate chamber with the mother liquor.
- the process is also carried out by introducing small amounts of metal ions into the
- Flexibility results from the electrolytic separation of a recirculable, neutral auxiliary salt solution into an acidic and alkaline fraction as it passes through robust porous, electrochemically inactive membranes. In this way, it is possible to remove the metal ions and the hydroxide ions in the form of separate solutions from the electrolysis cell and to reunite them only for the precipitation. As a result, the precipitation can be controlled independently, without any influence on or retroactivity through the electrolysis process.
- the process according to the invention provides an extremely flexible process for the production of metal hydroxides or basic carbonates.
- the person skilled in the art is readily able to make further variations, each adapted to the special requirements of the manufacture of a special product.
- accepting slightly higher pressures in the intermediate chamber it is possible to use multilayer filter cloths to make the conductive salt / anion / cation ratio that passes over to the anolyte or catholyte more favorable.
- the middle space can also be separated on the cathode and anode side by different separation media (filter cloths, diaphragms, etc.) to enable different flow conditions (velocities) in the cathode and anode space.
- filter cloths, diaphragms, etc. to enable different flow conditions (velocities) in the cathode and anode space.
- the electrodes can be arranged concentrically as in a tube capacitor.
- the counter electrode In the middle of a cylindrical cell there is a cylinder electrode, the counter electrode is designed as a tube concentric with this central electrode.
- the tubular space between the two electrodes In the tubular space between the two electrodes is the also concentrically arranged middle space, which consists of two parallel tubular filter cloths, diaphragms or the like. Separation media is formed.
- the invention further relates to a device for producing metal hydroxides, comprising a three-chamber electrolysis cell, a precipitation reactor and means for separating solids from the outlet of the precipitation reactor, the electrolysis cell being divided by porous membranes in an anode chamber, an intermediate chamber and a cathode chamber, an inlet to the intermediate chamber, has an outlet from the anode chamber and an outlet from the cathode chamber, an inlet of the precipitation reactor is connected to the outlet from the anode chamber and a further inlet of the precipitation reactor is connected to the outlet from the cathode chamber.
- the cathode chamber also has a discharge for hydrogen generated cathodically. Furthermore, supply options for subordinate quantities Auxiliary reagents such as acid in the anode chamber, base in the precipitation reactor, both for pH adjustment, and complexing and doping agents can be provided in the precipitation reactor.
- FIG. 1 The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the attached FIG. 1:
- FIG. 1 shows schematically the three-chamber electrolysis cell 1, the precipitation reactor 2 and the separation device 3 for the precipitation product.
- the electrolytic cell 1 is divided by the porous membranes 13 and 14 into the anode chamber A, the intermediate chamber I and the cathode chamber K.
- the anode chamber In the anode chamber is the anode 11, which consists of the metal to be anodically dissolved;
- the cathode K which is resistant to the alkaline auxiliary salt solution, is located in the cathode chamber.
- a neutral auxiliary salt solution is introduced via line 40 into the intermediate chamber I by means of a flow-controlled pump 46.
- K flows a constant current with current densities of 300 to 1200 A / m 2 .
- An essentially neutral or weakly acidic auxiliary salt and anode metal salt-containing solution overflows from the anode chamber A via line 41.
- An alkaline auxiliary salt solution runs out of the cathode chamber via line 42.
- Hydrogen is discharged from the head of the cathode chamber via line 15.
- acid can be fed into the anode chamber via line 16.
- carbon dioxide can be introduced via line 17 for the production of basic metal carbonates.
- the processes 41 and 42 from the electrolysis cell 1 are introduced into the precipitation reactor 2.
- the precipitation reactor contains, for example, a high-speed stirrer
- the precipitation reactor can also be used as a loop or jet reactor or in be of a different design.
- the precipitation suspension overflows from the precipitation reactor in line 43.
- introducing devices 22, 23 and 24 can be provided to provide auxiliary and modifying means, such as for pH adjustment, doping and / or influencing the precipitation by introducing complexing agents or introducing CO 2 for the production of basic carbonates.
- the precipitation reactor 2 can also be designed as a reactor cascade, partial streams of the electrolysis cell outlets 41 or 42 being introduced into the individual reactors of the cascade.
- the precipitation suspension passes via line 43 into the separating device 3 shown here as a hydro-cyclone, from which the precipitated solid is largely drawn off via the underflow 31 and the precipitated mother liquor freed from solids overflows for working up 45 via line 44.
- Arrow 48 schematically indicates the introduction of work-up reagents and the removal of any interfering components.
- the processed mother liquor can via line 47 and pump
- An electrolysis cell as shown schematically in FIG. 1, was used.
- the anode and cathode areas were 7.5 dm 2 each.
- the distance between the electrodes was 4 cm.
- the porous membranes used were polypropylene wipes with an average pore diameter of 26 ⁇ m and a porosity of 28% calculated from the density determination of the wipe, as are available from SScapa Filtration GmbH (Propex E14K).
- the anode was made of pure nickel.
- a nickel electrode was also used as the cathode. 8.18 l of sodium chloride solution containing 80 g / l of sodium chloride were fed to the intermediate chamber of the cell. Furthermore, 25 ml of a 1 normal hydrochloric acid solution were introduced into the anode compartment every hour.
- the anodic current was 1000 A / m 2 .
- a voltage of 7.3 V was measured between the anode and the cathode. After reaching the steady state, 3.67 l of anolyte overflow from the anode chamber and 4.53 l of catholyte overflow from the cathode chamber.
- the alkaline mother liquor was introduced into a stripping column in order to remove the ammonia, then re-roused and returned to the storage container from which the auxiliary salt solution is removed.
- the electrochemical mass utilization showed at least 100% in standard half-cell tests.
- Example 1 was repeated with the difference that an auxiliary salt solution was used which contains 4.5 g / 1 NH 3 in addition to 80 g / 1 NaCl.
- the introduction of ammonia solution into the precipitation reactor was dispensed with.
- Example 2 was repeated with the difference that additional cobalt and zinc electrodes were placed in the anode chamber and these were subjected to currents which correspond to the desired molar ratio of Co and Zn in the nickel hydroxide.
- the processing of the mother liquor from the precipitation reactor consisted only of adding used water.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10030093 | 2000-06-19 | ||
DE10030093A DE10030093C1 (de) | 2000-06-19 | 2000-06-19 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Metallhydroxiden oder basischen Metallcarbonaten |
PCT/EP2001/006420 WO2001098559A1 (de) | 2000-06-19 | 2001-06-06 | Verfahren zur herstellung von metallhydroxiden oder basischen metallcarbonaten |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1297199A1 true EP1297199A1 (de) | 2003-04-02 |
EP1297199B1 EP1297199B1 (de) | 2016-11-16 |
Family
ID=7646215
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01943480.2A Expired - Lifetime EP1297199B1 (de) | 2000-06-19 | 2001-06-06 | Verfahren zur herstellung von metallhydroxiden oder basischen metallcarbonaten |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7048843B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1297199B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4801312B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR100809121B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1220793C (de) |
AU (1) | AU2001266051A1 (de) |
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DE (1) | DE10030093C1 (de) |
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WO2023137553A1 (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2023-07-27 | The University Of British Columbia | Methods and apparatus for converting metal carbonate salts to metal hydroxides |
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US8822030B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2014-09-02 | Aqua Resources Corporation | Nanoplatelet metal hydroxides and methods of preparing same |
US7892447B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2011-02-22 | Aqua Resources Corporation | Nanoplatelet metal hydroxides and methods of preparing same |
US20100239467A1 (en) | 2008-06-17 | 2010-09-23 | Brent Constantz | Methods and systems for utilizing waste sources of metal oxides |
WO2010009273A1 (en) | 2008-07-16 | 2010-01-21 | Calera Corporation | Co2 utilization in electrochemical systems |
US8869477B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2014-10-28 | Calera Corporation | Formed building materials |
BRPI0823394A2 (pt) * | 2008-12-23 | 2015-06-16 | Calera Corp | Sistema e método eletroquímico de hidróxido de baixa energia |
CN101918614A (zh) | 2009-02-10 | 2010-12-15 | 卡勒拉公司 | 用氢和电催化电极低电压生产碱 |
EP2250127A4 (de) | 2009-03-02 | 2011-04-06 | Calera Corp | Systeme und verfahren zur kontrolle mehrerer schadstoffe in einem gasstrom |
CN102249349B (zh) * | 2011-04-26 | 2013-06-05 | 北京化工大学 | 一种化学和电化学联用法合成多元掺杂球形纳米氢氧化镍 |
CN105849047B (zh) * | 2013-10-23 | 2018-11-13 | 内玛斯卡锂公司 | 制备碳酸锂的方法 |
JP6119622B2 (ja) * | 2014-01-29 | 2017-04-26 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 水酸化インジウム粉の製造方法及び陰極 |
KR101903004B1 (ko) | 2014-08-22 | 2018-10-01 | 한국과학기술원 | 탄산염의 제조 방법 |
CN107177858B (zh) * | 2017-05-10 | 2019-02-05 | 东北大学 | 一种氯化铝电转化为氧化铝的方法 |
CN107512811B (zh) * | 2017-07-31 | 2020-06-23 | 四川思达能环保科技有限公司 | 球形氢氧化镍生产工艺过程废水的处理方法 |
DE102018000672A1 (de) * | 2018-01-29 | 2019-08-14 | Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (Rwth) Aachen | Verfahren zur Übertragung eines Zielstoffs zwischen zwei flüssigen Phasen |
CN108217856B (zh) * | 2018-01-30 | 2024-02-20 | 武汉工程大学 | 一种电化学水处理系统及其水处理方法 |
WO2022036006A1 (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2022-02-17 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Chemical calcium hydroxide manufacturing for cement production using electrochemical separation devices |
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FR1374452A (fr) * | 1963-08-19 | 1964-10-09 | Perfectionnements à la fabrication par voie électrolytique de composés chimiques, notamment d'alumine | |
AR205953A1 (es) * | 1975-01-22 | 1976-06-15 | Diamond Shamrock Corp | Produccion de carbonatos de metales a calinos en una celula de membrana |
FR2446258A1 (fr) * | 1979-01-09 | 1980-08-08 | Nickel Le | Nouveau procede de fabrication de composes oxhydryles de nickel |
SU834253A1 (ru) * | 1979-05-28 | 1981-05-30 | Ивановский Химико-Технологическийинститут | Способ получени основного угле-КиСлОгО НиКЕл |
JPS63195288A (ja) * | 1987-02-10 | 1988-08-12 | Tosoh Corp | 金属水酸化物の製造法 |
JPS63247385A (ja) * | 1987-04-03 | 1988-10-14 | Tosoh Corp | 金属水酸化物の製造法 |
DE4239295C2 (de) * | 1992-11-23 | 1995-05-11 | Starck H C Gmbh Co Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung von reinem Nickelhydroxid sowie dessen Verwendung |
US5319126A (en) * | 1993-01-29 | 1994-06-07 | Akzo N.V. | α-aminonitriles derived from fatty alkyl alkylene diamines |
US5389211A (en) * | 1993-11-08 | 1995-02-14 | Sachem, Inc. | Method for producing high purity hydroxides and alkoxides |
DE4418067C1 (de) | 1994-05-24 | 1996-01-25 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Metallhydroxiden und/oder Metalloxidhydroxiden |
DE4418440C1 (de) | 1994-05-26 | 1995-09-28 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Elektrochemisches Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Metallhydroxiden und/oder Metalloxidhydroxiden |
US5716512A (en) * | 1995-05-10 | 1998-02-10 | Vaughan; Daniel J. | Method for manufacturing salts of metals |
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- 2001-06-06 WO PCT/EP2001/006420 patent/WO2001098559A1/de active Application Filing
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WO2023137553A1 (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2023-07-27 | The University Of British Columbia | Methods and apparatus for converting metal carbonate salts to metal hydroxides |
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CZ300272B6 (cs) | 2009-04-08 |
CA2412927A1 (en) | 2002-12-16 |
JP2004501281A (ja) | 2004-01-15 |
TW572844B (en) | 2004-01-21 |
DE10030093C1 (de) | 2002-02-21 |
US7048843B2 (en) | 2006-05-23 |
JP4801312B2 (ja) | 2011-10-26 |
CN1437660A (zh) | 2003-08-20 |
KR100809121B1 (ko) | 2008-02-29 |
US20030141199A1 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
MY140696A (en) | 2010-01-15 |
CZ20024119A3 (cs) | 2003-04-16 |
AU2001266051A1 (en) | 2002-01-02 |
CA2412927C (en) | 2009-11-17 |
ES2612928T3 (es) | 2017-05-19 |
KR20030019435A (ko) | 2003-03-06 |
EP1297199B1 (de) | 2016-11-16 |
PT1297199T (pt) | 2017-01-04 |
CN1220793C (zh) | 2005-09-28 |
WO2001098559A1 (de) | 2001-12-27 |
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