EP1249027A1 - Commutateur electrique - Google Patents

Commutateur electrique

Info

Publication number
EP1249027A1
EP1249027A1 EP01907375A EP01907375A EP1249027A1 EP 1249027 A1 EP1249027 A1 EP 1249027A1 EP 01907375 A EP01907375 A EP 01907375A EP 01907375 A EP01907375 A EP 01907375A EP 1249027 A1 EP1249027 A1 EP 1249027A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching
contact
housing
delay means
delay
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01907375A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1249027B1 (fr
Inventor
Alois Schäffeler
Alfons Steidle
Paul Leibinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Marquardt GmbH
Original Assignee
Marquardt GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Marquardt GmbH filed Critical Marquardt GmbH
Publication of EP1249027A1 publication Critical patent/EP1249027A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1249027B1 publication Critical patent/EP1249027B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H21/00—Switches operated by an operating part in the form of a pivotable member acted upon directly by a solid body, e.g. by a hand
    • H01H21/02—Details
    • H01H21/18—Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
    • H01H21/36—Driving mechanisms
    • H01H21/52—Driving mechanisms with means for introducing a predetermined time delay
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/02—Bases, casings, or covers
    • H01H9/06—Casing of switch constituted by a handle serving a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. by the handle of a vacuum cleaner
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H19/00—Switches operated by an operating part which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof and which is acted upon directly by a solid body external to the switch, e.g. by a hand
    • H01H19/54—Switches operated by an operating part which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof and which is acted upon directly by a solid body external to the switch, e.g. by a hand the operating part having at least five or an unspecified number of operative positions
    • H01H19/60—Angularly-movable actuating part carrying no contacts
    • H01H19/635—Contacts actuated by rectilinearly-movable member linked to operating part, e.g. by pin and slot
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2300/00—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to electric switches, relays, selectors or emergency protective devices covered by H01H
    • H01H2300/002—Application electric motor braking, e.g. pole reversal of rotor, shorting motor coils, also for field discharge

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical switch according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and / or 2.
  • Such electrical switches are used in electric hand tools, such as drills, angle grinders, circular saws, routers, hedge trimmers or the like.
  • these can be power tools that are operated with direct current.
  • such switches can switch with a delay, for example for a soft start when switching on and / or for short-circuit braking of the power tool.
  • This switch has at least one contact system which has a switch contact which can be moved between an off and an on switch position and a fixed contact which interacts with the switch contact in the on switch position.
  • a manually movable actuator acts on the switch contact.
  • the switch has a delay means which is operatively connected to the switching contact to delay the switching movement into the one switching position.
  • the delay means designed in the manner of a delay drum is arranged in the housing of the switch in the immediate vicinity, below the contact system.
  • the actuator is located above the contact system, on the opposite side of the housing.
  • the switch is therefore of considerable size, which can be a hindrance given the often confined space in the power tool. Besides, they are Means for the operative connection between the delay drum and the switching contact are complex.
  • the preparation of the agents is expensive and their assembly is complex.
  • the influence of errors in the operation of the switch cannot be ruled out in all cases; in particular, an undesired delay in the switching movement of the switching contact can also occur when switching to the other switching position.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a switch which has a delay means cooperating with the switch contact in a small size and / or with an error-prone switchover delay in the one switching position.
  • a particularly compact switch is created in that the delay means and the actuator are arranged on the same side of the contact system.
  • a particularly reliable operating switch is alternatively / additionally created in that the operative connection between the delay means and the switching contact during the switching movement of the switching contact into the other switching position, in particular in the off switching position, is reduced in such a way that the switching contact is essentially instantaneous the other switch position moves.
  • the contact system is arranged in a housing. There are preferably up to four consecutive contact systems in the housing. For example, two contact systems for the power supply with a soft start when the electric motor of the power tool is switched on, the third contact system for short-circuiting the electric motor for braking the power tool when the power supply is switched off, and the fourth contact system as a bridge to the full power supply of the electric motor of the power tool after completion of the soft start.
  • the actuator can be movably mounted on the top of the housing. In one embodiment, a slide, which leads into the housing and acts on a slide, is articulated on the actuating member.
  • the switch contact is elastically mounted on the slide using an elastic means, for example by means of a compression spring.
  • a first spring which cooperates with the housing and serves to generate the pressure point for the switching movement can be arranged on the slide.
  • a second spring that interacts with the slide and supports a snap changeover movement can be arranged.
  • a third spring for resetting can be located on the slide.
  • a guide channel for the slide is located on the top of the housing. It then makes sense to arrange the delay means on the top in the housing and in an extension of the guide channel.
  • the delay means can be designed as a delay drum.
  • a housing attachment which is in particular approximately semi-cylindrical in shape, is preferably arranged on the top of the housing for receiving and storing the deceleration drum.
  • the delay means has a cylinder drum filled with a viscous liquid and a shaft arranged in the cylinder drum, so that the cylinder drum can be moved in a damped manner relative to the shaft.
  • One end of the shaft may protrude from the cylinder drum on one side.
  • a toothing in particular in the manner of a pinion on the side of the cylinder drum opposite the shaft end, can be attached to the cylinder drum.
  • a transmission element can then be moved to act on the switching contact by means of counter-toothing damped by the cylinder drum.
  • a sliding element acting against the elastic means for mounting the switching contact is movably mounted in the slide.
  • the transmission element can then be coupled to the sliding element in such a way that, against the force exerted by the elastic means during the switching movement of the switching contact, the inhibiting force exerted by the delay means acts to delay the switching movement.
  • the transmission element is designed as an approximately circular ring element.
  • a stub shaft can be arranged which engages in a bearing point in the housing attachment for the rotation of the ring element, the angle of rotation being determined in particular by stops in the housing attachment.
  • an attachment for coupling to the sliding element can be attached to the periphery of the ring element.
  • the counter toothing on the ring element in the manner of an internal toothing.
  • the internal toothing can be designed in an approximately circular section.
  • the sliding element can have an approximately U-shaped receptacle, in which the shoulder engages on the ring element.
  • the switching contact and the sliding element can be arranged on the side of the slide facing away from the delay means.
  • the U-shaped receptacle can protrude through a breakthrough in the slide on the side of the slide facing the deceleration means.
  • the transmission element has two ring elements which are spaced apart from one another by approximately the height of the cylinder drum for the deceleration means.
  • internal teeth can only be attached to the ring element facing away from the shaft end of the deceleration means.
  • the approaches can be designed as a rod element connecting the two ring elements to one another.
  • the rod element can have a cross-sectional reduction approximately in the middle, with which the rod element engages in the U-shaped receptacle on the sliding element.
  • the electrical switch despite its high performance, requires only a small installation space in the power tool.
  • the switch is therefore particularly suitable for installation in slim, ergonomically shaped handles of power tools. Because the If the effectiveness of the delay means can be limited to one switching direction, any arc that may occur when the power tool is switched off is extinguished immediately, effectively preventing destruction of the contact system and extending the service life of the switch.
  • the switch is therefore suitable for high currents, especially for DC applications.
  • the switch can also be used as a brake switch. With the design of the transmission element effecting the coupling between the delay means and the switching contact, it is possible for the transmission element to be able to cover larger angular paths with a small footprint despite its compactness. This in turn advantageously ensures that even longer delay times can be set as desired.
  • the switch also has comparatively few individual parts, making it very inexpensive to manufacture.
  • FIG. 3 shows a section along the line 3-3 in FIG. 2,
  • Fig. 4 shows a section along the line 4-4 in Fig. 1 and
  • an electrical switch 1 can be seen, which is used in electric hand tools.
  • the power tools can be drills, angle grinders, circular saws, routers, hedge trimmers or the like.
  • the electrical switch 1 is suitable for powerful power tools which are operated with direct current.
  • the switch 1 is also suitable for power tools which are equipped with a soft start and / or an electrical short-circuit braking.
  • the switch 1 has a housing 2 in which at least one contact system 3 is arranged. In the present case there are a total of up to four successive contact systems 3 in the housing 2, these being designated in more detail in FIG. 2 by the reference symbols 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d.
  • Two contact systems 3 a, 3 b serve for the voltage supply with a soft start when the electric motor of the power tool is switched on.
  • a soft start for example, a series resistor is connected to the power supply to the electric motor.
  • the fourth contact system 3d can serve as a bridging of the series resistor for the full voltage supply of the electric motor of the power tool after the soft start has ended.
  • the third contact system 3 c finally causes the electric motor of the power tool to be short-circuited when the power supply is switched off, which means that the electric motor is braked quickly.
  • the contact system 3 has a switching contact 4 which can be switched between two switching positions, namely an off switching position and an on switching position, and a fixed contact 5.
  • the switch contact 4 In the on-switch position, the switch contact 4 bears against the fixed contact 5 and interacts with it to close the electrical connection.
  • the switching contact 4 In the off-switching position, the switching contact 4 is removed from the fixed contact 5, whereby the electrical connection is interrupted.
  • a delay means 8 is further arranged in the housing 2, which is operatively connected to the switch contact 4 to delay the changeover movement of the switch contact 4 into at least one of the two switch positions.
  • the delay means 8 cooperates with the switching contact 4 of the fourth contact system 3d to bridge the series resistor with a certain delay time, which is determined by the end of the soft start of the electric motor.
  • the delay means 8 and the actuating member 6 are now on the same side of the contact system 3, specifically on the upper side 7 of the housing 2, arranged.
  • the delay means 8 does not require any significant additional space in the switch 1, which results in a particularly compact switch 1.
  • the delay means 8 is only operatively connected to the switching contact 4 for delaying the switching movement into the one switching position, specifically during the switching movement into the on-switching position.
  • the operative connection between the delay means 8 and the switching contact 4 is reduced during the switching movement of the switching contact 4 into the other switching position, namely during the switching movement of the switching contact 4 into the off switching position, in such a way that the switching contact 4 is essentially instantaneous the other switch position moves. Since there is no significant delay when the switch 1 is switched off, an arc which may occur is immediately extinguished, thus effectively preventing the contact system 3 of the switch 1 from being destroyed.
  • This alternative / additional embodiment is particularly advantageous in the case of a switch 1 for an electric tool that is operated by means of direct current.
  • the switching contact 4 is preferably designed in the manner of a contact bridge, with which it bridges two associated fixed contacts 5 in the on-switching position, as can be seen from FIG. 2.
  • a first spring 10 in the manner of a pressure point spring is arranged on the slide 9.
  • the first spring 10 now acts in such a way as to generate a pressure point when the slide 9 is moved by actuating the actuating member 6 via the slide 15 and the switching point link 14 is fixed relative to the slide 9 together that a spring force against the direction of movement of the carriage 9 is effective up to the switching point reached when the pressure point is overcome.
  • the stored spring energy of the first spring 10 is released, so that the slide 9 can be switched between its two positions with a type of snap movement.
  • second spring 11 is arranged on the slide 9 and generates an additional spring force when the slide 9 is switched or moved. This additional spring force acts counter to the direction of movement of the slide 9 up to the switchover point. When the switchover point is overcome, this additional spring force then acts in the direction of movement of the slide 9, thereby supporting the snap movement of the slide 9.
  • a third spring 12, which is shown in FIG. 3, is provided on the slide 15 for resetting from the on to the off switching position.
  • a guide channel 16 for the slide 15 is located on the top 7 of the housing 2. It may then be appropriate to arrange the delay means 8 on the top 7 in the housing 2, expediently as an extension of the guide channel 16. If the deceleration means 8 is designed in the manner of a deceleration drum, a housing attachment 17 can be provided on the top 7 of the housing 2 for receiving and storing the deceleration drum, which is approximately semi-cylindrical.
  • the deceleration device 8 designed as a deceleration drum has a cylinder drum 18 filled with a viscous liquid and a shaft 19 arranged in the cylinder drum 18.
  • the cylinder drum 18 can be moved damped relative to the shaft 19.
  • a shaft end 31 of the shaft 19 protrudes from the cylinder drum 18 on one side, so that the shaft end 31 serves to mount the deceleration means 8 in the housing shoulder 17.
  • On the cylinder drum 18 is one Toothing 21, in the manner of a pinion, attached to the side of the cylinder drum 18 opposite the shaft end 31.
  • the delay time is determined on the one hand by the viscosity of the liquid in the cylinder drum 18 and on the other hand by the gear ratio of the toothing 21 and counter toothing 22 and by the size of the lever arm caused by the transmission element 20.
  • the configuration by the toothing 21 with the counter toothing 22 results in large angular paths for the transmission element 20. This in turn gives the possibility of also setting longer delay times.
  • For the switch-on delay for the soft start of the power tool for example, a delay time of a few hundred milliseconds up to several seconds can be selected.
  • the transmission element 20 is coupled to the sliding element 23 such that the retarding force exerted by the delay means 8 acts on the compression spring 13. This inhibiting force acts against the force exerted by the compression spring 13 on the switching contact 4 in the direction of the fixed contact 5. Consequently, during the switchover movement of the switch contact 4 in the direction toward the switch-on position, this switchover movement is delayed, since only the forces from the compression spring 13 and the delay means 8 act on the switch contact 4.
  • the restoring force of the third spring 12 and optionally the first and second springs 10, 11 act directly on the switching contact 4 via a stop 24 visible in FIG. 2 in the slide 9 , with which an inhibitory effect of the delay means 8 cannot have an effect and the switching contact 4 moves essentially without delay.
  • the delay means 8 is therefore effectively coupled into the movement sequence of the switching contact 4 when moving into the on-switching position and at the movement in the off-switching position is essentially decoupled from the sequence of movements of the switching contact 4.
  • the transmission element 20 is designed as an approximately circular ring element 25.
  • a stub shaft 26 Arranged on the periphery of the ring element 25 facing away from the sliding element 23 is a stub shaft 26 which engages in a bearing point 27 shown in FIG. 5 in the housing attachment 17, so that the ring element 25 can be rotated through a certain angle. This angle can be determined by stops 32 in the housing shoulder 17.
  • an extension 28 is attached for the coupling with the sliding element 23. The angle through which the ring element 25 can rotate determines the effectiveness of the coupling between the delay means 8 and the sliding element 23 by means of the transmission element 20 and the delay time.
  • the counter toothing 22 is attached to the ring element 25 in the manner of an internal toothing, specifically as an internal toothing in the form of an approximately circular section.
  • the sliding element 23 has an approximately U-shaped receptacle 29, in which the attachment 28 on the ring element 25 engages for coupling.
  • the switching contact 4 and the sliding element 23 are arranged on the side of the slide 9 facing away from the delay means 8. In order to permit the coupling intervention, the U-shaped receptacle 29 therefore protrudes through an opening 30 in the slide 9 on the side of the slide 9 facing the deceleration means 8.
  • the transmission element 20 has two ring elements 25 which are spaced apart from one another by approximately the height of the cylinder drum 18 for the delay means 8.
  • the lugs 28 are designed as a rod element connecting the two ring elements 25 to one another.
  • the rod element has a cross-sectional reduction, not shown, with which the rod element engages in the U-shaped receptacle 29 on the sliding element 23.
  • the invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiment described and illustrated. Rather, it also includes all professional training within the scope of the inventive concept.
  • the switch according to the invention can thus not only be used in power tools, but can also be used in electrical gardening appliances, electrical household appliances or the like.

Landscapes

  • Rotary Switch, Piano Key Switch, And Lever Switch (AREA)
  • Slide Switches (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un commutateur électrique (1) destiné à des outils électriques manuels tels que des perceuses, des meuleuses d'angle, des scies circulaires, des défonceuses, des taille-haies ou analogue. Ledit commutateur comprend au moins un système de contact (3) qui présente un contact de commutation (4) pouvant se déplacer, de manière à effectuer une commutation, entre deux positions de commutation, à savoir entre une position ouverte et une position fermée, ainsi qu'un contact fixe (5) interagissant avec le contact de commutation (4) en position fermée. Le commutateur (1) comprend un organe de commande (6) agissant sur le contact de commutation (4) dans le but de réaliser la commutation. Dans le commutateur (1) se trouve un élément de retardement (8) qui est en liaison active avec le contact de commutation (4) afin de retarder le mouvement de commutation dans au moins l'une des positions de commutation, en particulier dans la position fermée. L'élément de retardement (8) et l'organe de commande (6) se trouvent du même côté du système de contact (3). De manière alternative ou complémentaire, la liaison active entre l'élément de retardement (8) et le contact de commutation (4) diminue lors du mouvement de commutation du contact de commutation (4) dans l'autre position de commutation, en particulier dans la position ouverte, de sorte que le contact de commutation (4) passe à l'autre position de commutation de manière sensiblement non retardée.
EP01907375A 2000-01-22 2001-01-19 Commutateur electrique Expired - Lifetime EP1249027B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10002696 2000-01-22
DE10002695 2000-01-22
DE10002696 2000-01-22
DE10002695 2000-01-22
PCT/DE2001/000216 WO2001054153A1 (fr) 2000-01-22 2001-01-19 Commutateur electrique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1249027A1 true EP1249027A1 (fr) 2002-10-16
EP1249027B1 EP1249027B1 (fr) 2003-10-01

Family

ID=26003975

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01907375A Expired - Lifetime EP1249027B1 (fr) 2000-01-22 2001-01-19 Commutateur electrique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6727450B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1249027B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1207741C (fr)
DE (1) DE50100714D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001054153A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7705260B2 (en) 2005-04-18 2010-04-27 Xinsheng Xu Switch assembly
JP4696670B2 (ja) * 2005-05-02 2011-06-08 オムロン株式会社 トリガスイッチ
US7754989B2 (en) * 2006-12-28 2010-07-13 Defond Components Limited Electrical switch
DE102011017453A1 (de) 2010-04-21 2011-10-27 Marquardt Verwaltungs-Gmbh Elektrischer Schalter
US8872049B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2014-10-28 Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation Trigger lock-on lock-off mechanism

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE383915C (de) 1921-11-13 1923-10-20 Frau Anna Knuppertz Zeitschalter
DE410719C (de) 1923-11-16 1925-03-07 Voigt & Haeffner Akt Ges Momentschaltung fuer selbsttaetige Schaltapparate
US2810051A (en) * 1956-03-07 1957-10-15 Arrow Hart & Hegeman Electric Trigger switch with automatic kick-off
US3745286A (en) * 1971-04-01 1973-07-10 Lucerne Products Inc Trigger operated tool handle switch
US3777092A (en) * 1972-07-19 1973-12-04 Arrow Hart Inc Trigger operated actuating mechanism for an electric switch with integrally molded fulcrum and snap-on connecting means associated with the trigger
US4061895A (en) 1976-01-21 1977-12-06 Cutler-Hammer, Inc. Higher rated double-pole trigger switch
US4149053A (en) * 1976-10-26 1979-04-10 Cutler-Hammer, Inc. Safety disconnect electric switch
DE3126816A1 (de) 1981-07-08 1983-01-27 Marquardt Gmbh, 7201 Rietheim-Weilheim "elektrischer schalter"
US4442363A (en) 1982-01-19 1984-04-10 Kabushiki Kaisha Tokai Rika Denki Seisakusho Timer switch for vehicle
DE3610682C2 (de) * 1986-03-29 1994-01-13 Bosch Gmbh Robert Griff für Handwerkzeugmaschinen
DE3638952A1 (de) 1986-11-14 1988-05-26 Marquardt Gmbh Elektrischer schalter
DE3644546C1 (en) 1986-12-24 1988-06-01 Kloeckner Moeller Elektrizit Switching device for delayed contact making
JPH0621153Y2 (ja) * 1988-03-15 1994-06-01 オムロン株式会社 トリガースイツチ
DE3831344C2 (de) * 1988-09-15 1993-10-07 Fein C & E Elektrohandwerkzeugmaschine mit ausschaltbarer Arbeitsstellenbeleuchtung
US5075604A (en) * 1990-07-27 1991-12-24 Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation Variable resistance switch
DE4128990A1 (de) 1991-08-31 1993-03-04 Klinger & Born Gmbh Mehrpoliger schalter
DE4232402C5 (de) 1992-09-26 2005-10-27 Marquardt Gmbh Bremsschaltung für einen Elektromotor
US5401928A (en) * 1993-06-07 1995-03-28 Kelley; William J. Safety control for power tool
DE19930558A1 (de) 1998-07-24 2000-01-27 Marquardt Gmbh Elektrischer Schalter
DE19937786A1 (de) 1998-08-22 2000-02-24 Marquardt Gmbh Elektrischer Schalter

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO0154153A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1404613A (zh) 2003-03-19
US20030010617A1 (en) 2003-01-16
US6727450B2 (en) 2004-04-27
EP1249027B1 (fr) 2003-10-01
CN1207741C (zh) 2005-06-22
DE50100714D1 (de) 2003-11-06
WO2001054153A1 (fr) 2001-07-26

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