EP1243721A2 - Floor covering, panel and panel fastening system - Google Patents

Abstract

The mating holding profiles (4a,4b) hook together via elements (4c,4d) whose holding faces (5h) close the panels (4,6) together to give gap-free flooring. The hook element of the leading holding profile of one panel forms a crosspiece (4e) projecting at right angles from the narrow element side so as to lie on the top surface of the panel and a hook projecting from the free end of the crosspiece towards the underside of the panel as against the trailing holding profile of a panel which has a hook to reach out from the narrow side and form a crosspiece bearing on the underside of the panel. A hook projection from the free end of the crosspiece points towards the top side of the panel. Joined panels form a glue pocket between (12).

Description

The invention relates to a floor covering, a panel and a fastening system for panels with on the narrow sides of the Panels arranged holding profiles, especially for floor panels, opposing holding profiles as complementary Form-fit profiles are formed.

The fastening system for panels is used in particular for floor panels, to lay them on a surface and their Narrow sides are provided with holding profiles, the holding profile one long narrow side and the holding profile of the opposite Narrow side and the holding profiles of the other two short narrow sides of a panel fit together so that on the free narrow sides of a laid panel further panels can be attached, at least the holding profiles the long narrow sides of the panels as assigned to each other Form-fitting profiles and the panels through a rotating joining movement can be attached to each other that the Positive locking profile of one of the long narrow sides of a panel a recess and the opposite narrow side of this Panels has a matching projection that the Inside the recess facing the wall of the recess Cross section with a concave curvature and that the assigned positive locking profile of the opposite narrow side of the panel has a protrusion which is on its surface facing bottom a cross section with a convex Has curvature, and that the convex curvature of the projection and the concave curvature of the recess essentially are complementary.

Fastening systems of the type mentioned keep panels ready installed condition by a positive connection. Especially when laid floating on a surface Floor panels prevent a positive connection between the panels the creation of joints, for example through thermal expansion or shortening when the temperature drops can arise.

From the German utility model G 79 28 703 U1 is a generic Fastening system known. Floor panels with Such a positive locking profile can be very easily connect a rotating joining movement. The connection In principle, it is also suitable for multiple laying. The resulting positive connection is very rigid and prevents the formation of joints very reliably.

The known fastening system is disadvantageously suitable only for particularly flat surfaces. With irregular, rough and corrugated surfaces nestle with a panel floor the known fastening system only very poorly in shape of the irregular surface. For example, if a panel, that when laid through the neighboring panels with some air over a corrugated surface Load pressed on the surface, so bend together paved floor panels. This deflection claims especially the connection points with the interlocking ones Form-fitting profiles. Depending on the load, the interconnected panels bent down or up and pushed out of the normal installation level. Because of the high rigidity of the connection, a high load occurs in the weak cross sections of the positive locking profiles which can be damaged very quickly. The injury progresses quickly to a ledge or a recess wall breaks.

Even on a flat surface, panels can change Deflection occurs when there is one on the ground soft intermediate layer, for example an impact sound absorbing layer Foil or the like is laid. In a stressed area the intermediate layer is pressed in and the panels bend through their liaison offices.

The invention is therefore based on the object, the known To further develop the fastening system so that the rigidity of the Connection of two interlocking positive locking profiles to the Strain is adjusted to the connections when laying the panels have to endure on an irregular surface.

According to the invention the object is achieved in that Positive locking profiles an articulated and flexible connection the panels is possible.

The form-fitting profiles of the long narrow sides of two panels form a joint in the installed state of two panels. The top of the projection facing away from the ground of a panel preferably has an oblique material removal that extends to the free end of the projection.

The thickness of the projection is favorable due to the material removal increasingly reduced towards the free end. Through the Material removal is a freedom of movement for the common Joint created.

The new construction allows articulated movement of two interconnected panels. In particular, two can work together connected panels at the connection point upwards be buckled. For example, if a panel is on top of one Underground with an elevation so that a narrow side of the panel is pressed onto the surface when loaded and - the opposite narrow side bounces upwards, so one second panel attached to the upward rocking narrow side moved up with. The bending forces that act but damage the narrow cross-sections of the form-fitting profiles Not. Instead, a joint movement takes place. A floor laid with the proposed fastening system shows an irregular rough or wavy surface adjusted compliance. The fastening system is therefore particularly suitable for panels for renovation irregular Floors in old buildings. Of course it is also for laying panels on a soft intermediate layer more suitable than the known fastening system.

The construction is based on the principle of "adapted deformability" Bill. This principle is based on the knowledge that very stiff and therefore supposedly stable connection points cause high notch stresses and therefore easily fail. Around To avoid this, components should be designed so that they a compliance or "adapted to the intended use Have deformability "and in this way notch stresses can be reduced.

In addition, the positive locking profiles are designed so that a load on the top of the floor panels in the installed Condition of the top wall of the recess of a first Panels in the projection of the second panel and from the projection of the second panel in the underside wall of the first Panels is transferred. The walls of the recess of the first When installed, panels have contact with the top and Bottom of the protrusion of the second panel. The top wall However, the recess has only a short area on the free end of the top wall of the recess contacting the protrusion of the second panel. In this way, the construction allows with little elastic deformation of the walls of the Recess a joint movement between the panel with the recess and the panel with the tab. That way the rigidity of the connection is perfectly adapted to an irregular one Underlay, which inevitably leads to a kinking movement between panels fastened together.

Another advantage is seen in the fact that panels with the fastening system according to the invention better for a multiple Laying are suitable as panels with the known fastening system, because the panels with the fastening system according to the invention even after long use on an irregular No pre-damage to the interlocking profiles exhibit. The form-fitting profiles are dimensionally stable and durable. They can be used much longer and during their life cycle be relocated more often.

Advantageously, the convex curvature of the projection and the concave curvature of the cutout, essentially a segment of a circle, where in the installed state the center of the circle Circular sections on the top of the tab or below the top of the projection is arranged. In the latter case the center of the circle lies within the cross-section of the projection.

This simple construction results in a joint, the convex curvature of the projection similar to a joint ball and the concave curvature of the recess similar to an acetabular cup are trained, in contrast to one Of course, the socket joint only has a flat rotary movement but no spherical rotation is possible.

The most prominent is in a low-priced further education Point of convex curvature of the protrusion of a panel arranged so that it is about below the top edge of the panel located. This results in a ratio to the total thickness of the panel relatively strong cross-section for the projection. Moreover the concave curvature of the recess offers sufficient large undercut for the convex curvature of the projection, so that this is due to tensile forces acting in the laying plane can hardly be moved apart.

The joint properties of two interconnected panels can be further improved if the one facing the underground Wall of the recess of a panel on the inside has an oblique material removal that extends up to the free End of the wall extends and the wall thickness of this wall to free end is increasingly thinner. This is due to material removal When two panels are installed, there is freedom of movement created for the common joint. With this improvement is the proportion of elastic deformation of the walls the recess during the deflection of the installed panels further decreased upwards.

It is also useful if the recess of a panel for Connection to the protrusion of another panel through a resilient deformation of its lower wall is expandable and that the spring elastic occurring during joining Deformation of the lower wall in the fully connected state of two Panels is withdrawn again. The positive locking profiles are only for the joining process and during a joint movement elastically deformed and subject if not are loaded, no elastic tension.

It is useful if the holding profiles of the short narrow sides a panel also as associated form-fitting profiles trained and by a straight-line joining movement are attachable to each other.

The holding profiles of the short narrow side are simply one Panels with conventional approximately rectangular tongue and groove cross-sections Mistake. These are very simple and inexpensive producible and can be added after joining the long Narrow sides of a panel are particularly easy thanks to the side Move into one another. Even the long ones Narrow sides of the panels along their entire length in parallel Slide towards each other.

Another development of the short narrow side of a panel provides that the cross sections of the form-fitting profiles essentially the cross sections of the form-fitting profiles of the long Correspond to the narrow sides of the panel. The ability to use two panels also articulated on their short narrow sides, benefits the resilience of a floor covering.

The form-fitting profiles are preferably in one piece on the narrow sides molded on the panels. The panels can be very easily and produce with little waste.

The form-fitting profiles according to the invention are particularly suitable, if the panels are essentially made of MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard), HDF (High Density Fiberboard) or one Chipboard material exist. These materials are just too process and receive, for example by machining, adequate surface quality. Also point these materials have a high dimensional stability of the milled Profiles on.

Another benefit arises when the Panels with the freedom of movement for the common joints are provided with a soft elastic hardening filler. This Filler preferably closes all joints and in particular the top joint so that no moisture and no dirt can enter. With a joint movement of the interconnected panels become the flexible filler depending on the direction of rotation of the articulated movement or stretched. He always adheres to the contact surfaces of the Narrow sides of the panels and decreases as the joint movement decreases back to its original form. The filler carries through its elastic internal deformation to reset the joint at.

An alternative design of the fastening system provides that a short narrow side of a panel is a first hook element and the opposite short narrow side of the panel has a complementary hook element to the first hook element and that the hook elements are provided with holding surfaces are through which the panels against each other in the assembled state are kept on the short narrow sides results in a gap-free abutting surface of the panels.

To install the panels, the form-fitting profiles must first be used the long narrow sides of the panels. For this, a panel is placed at an angle and with the projection a long narrow side in the recess of the long narrow side of a laid panel. This is how it forms common joint. After that, the panel will be in the oblique position held and shifted so far in its longitudinal direction, until it hits the short narrow side of an adjacent panel encounters. In this position the hook elements of the overlap short narrow sides of the adjacent panels. If so slanted panel folded down using the hinge the overlapping hook elements fit into each other. It there is a grip behind, which prevents the panels from pulling apart locked in the longitudinal direction. Through the hook elements a degree of undercut is achievable that at is about a third of the total panel thickness. The kind of Locking the short narrow sides of the panels is a reminder roof tiles that reach behind on the side.

The first hook element is simply one of the short narrow side protruding approximately vertically and on the Panel top arranged web formed, being on the free At the end of the web a hook projection pointing towards the underside of the panel is arranged and the second hook element from one protruding from the short opposite side and a web arranged on the underside of the panel, at the free end of this web one towards the top of the panel pointing hook projection is arranged.

The top of the panel goes from the area with the thickness of the complete panel with a thickness gradation across in Web. The web has a thickness that is about a third of that Corresponds to panel thickness. The same goes for the bottom of the Panel. Goes opposite the hook element of the top the bottom web from the area of the complete thickness of the Panels with a gradation across in the web, which is also about a third of the thickness of the panel. The webs and the hook projections are therefore relatively solid educated. Therefore, there is an improvement in strength and durability for the fastening system according to the invention.

The hook projection of the underside web is advantageously in the assembled state of a panel on the top web of a second panel. It is also between the hook projection of the upper web of the second panel and the lower one Web of the first panel air is provided.

Of course, this is also reversible, so that between the hook projection of the underside web of the first panel and air is provided on the upper web of the second panel is. It is important that there is always a pairing Bridge / hook projection of assembled hook elements in the assembled state clearly abut each other and the other pairing Web / hook projection of the same hook elements has air. Would the fastening system is constructed so that both pairs are always Web / hook projection abut each other, so would Tolerances in the manufacture of the holding profiles are not clear System reached and sometimes the one and the other pairing Fit the web / hook projection.

A further development of the fastening system provides that the Reach behind the retaining surfaces of the hook projections that they can only be hooked into one another by elastic deformation are. In this way, the hook elements can be prevented for example because of an uneven surface Load can be moved apart. With a load one panel becomes the connected panel with the loaded panel moved in the same direction. The joint remains together.

The holding surfaces of the hook projections are simply inclined put and taper the hook projections from their free Ends towards the webs. The holding surfaces are also located complementary hook jumps to each other at least in some areas on. This is a simple design with an undercut provided hook projections because as Undercut an easy to produce flat holding surface is provided.

Another benefit arises when the front of the top Hook projection of one panel in the assembled state at least in the area of the top of the panel on the second Panel rests and between the hook projection on the underside of the second panel and the face of the first panel Air is provided. This measure in turn serves to through the constructive design an always clear system to create two connected panels.

At the bottom of the panels, for example, on a base a screed, can be placed in the area of An air gap between the panels can be tolerated.

An alternative embodiment with hook elements on the short Narrow sides of the panel is designed so that at least one of the end faces of one of the hook elements of the panels has at its free end a protruding locking element that in an undercut recess of the other hook element of the panel. This construction has proven special well manageable because the holding profiles with light pressure and lock into place under elastic deformation to let. In addition, the holding elements have good wear resistance on what favors multiple laying. The wear resistance is good because different locking functions exercised by different holding element areas are distributed and the stress on the holding element occurs. The panels are, for example, by the locking element and the recess is locked perpendicular to the installation plane. The Locking the panels against pulling apart in their longitudinal direction is, however, by the holding surfaces of the hook projections accomplished.

The protruding locking element of the first panel is simply formed as a bead that extends over the entire length the narrow side extends and the undercut recess of the second panel is formed as an elongated throat, which takes up the bead in the assembled state. To join Bead and throat under an elastic deformation of the hook elements be joined together.

This embodiment of the fastening system is then suitable if no gluing is done, especially good for one Multiple laying. To resume installed panels, lift one expediently first a row of adjacent panels so that they turn diagonally upwards in the joint. Then the protrusions in the oblique direction from the recesses pulled out and the joint disassembled. The Panels are then only connected on the short narrow sides. It is recommended to use the interlocking holding elements of the pull the short narrow sides apart in their longitudinal extent, to be a material-tiring when disassembling Avoid deformation of the hook elements.

Another improvement is seen in the fact that in the assembled Condition of two panels with air areas Form glue pockets. In addition to using the proposed Fastening system for glue-free laying of floor panels it is particularly suitable for a connection with Glue. For this purpose, those points of the holding profiles, which must be provided with glue, for example in instructions for use or by markings on the holding profile be marked yourself. This way the user can Apply the glue exactly where it is installed Condition of two panels of glue pockets.

In the predominant applications of floor panels the glued installation is considered the most expedient type of installation. This is because the durability of the panels is significantly improved becomes. The gluing of the holding profiles causes penetration almost prevented from dirt and moisture in the joints becomes. Moisture absorption and swelling of the panels this is minimized in the joining area of the holding profiles.

Of course, there may be use cases for which a glue-free installation is preferable. For example then when a floor covering is frequently resumed and has to be relocated, e.g. for floors in exhibition stand construction.

The panels are preferably made of a coated carrier material formed and the holding profiles in one piece on the narrow sides molded on the panels. It has been shown to be firm modern carriers, such as medium density Fiberboard (MDF) or high-density fiberboard (HDF) with are provided with an abrasion-resistant wear layer are suitable for using the proposed fastening system. Even after repeated laying, the retaining profiles are still like this good shape that a secure connection even on uneven surfaces is possible.

Fig. 1

ein Befestigungssystem ausschnittsweise anhand der Querschnitte zweier Paneele vor dem Ineinanderfügen,

Fig. 2

das Befestigungssystem gemäß Fig. 1 im aneinander befestigten Zustand,

Fig. 3

einen Fügevorgang, bei dem der Vorsprung eines Paneels in Pfeilrichtung in die Aussparung eines zweiten Paneels gesteckt und das erste Paneel nachfolgend mit einer Drehbewegung arretiert wird,

Fig. 4

einen weiteren Fügevorgang, bei dem der Vorsprung eines ersten Paneels parallel zur Verlegeebene in die Aussparung eines zweiten Paneels eingeschoben wird,

Fig. 5

das Befestigungssystem im befestigten Zustand gemäß Fig. 2, wobei das gemeinsame Gelenk aus der Verlegeebene nach oben bewegt ist und die beiden Paneele einen Knick bilden,

Fig. 6

das Befestigungssystem im verlegten Zustand gemäß Fig. 2, wobei das Gelenk aus der Verlegeebene nach unten bewegt ist und die beiden Paneele einen Knick bilden,

Fig. 7

ein Befestigungssystem im verlegten Zustand zweier Paneele mit einem Füllstoff zwischen den Formschlußprofilen der Schmalseiten.

Fig. 8

besondere Halteprofile für die kurzen Schmalseiten eines Paneels im ineinandergefügten Zustand,

Fig. 9

eine weitere Ausführungsform besonderer Halteprofile für die kurzen Schmalseiten eines Paneels im ineinandergefügten Zustand,

Fig.10

eine schematische Darstellung eines Halteprofils mit einem unterseitigen Steg sowie einer Darstellung zweier Zerspanungswerkzeuge zur Herstellung der Hinterschneidung,

Fig.11

eine dritte Ausführungsform besonderer Halteprofile für die kurzen Schmalseiten eines Paneels im ineinandergefügten Zustand,

Fig.12

eine Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 11, die um ein zusätzliches Rastelement ergänzt ist,

The invention is shown by way of example in a drawing below and described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6. Show it:

Fig. 1

a fastening system in sections based on the cross sections of two panels before joining,

Fig. 2

1 in the attached state,

Fig. 3

a joining process in which the projection of a panel is inserted into the recess of a second panel in the direction of the arrow and the first panel is subsequently locked with a rotary movement,

Fig. 4

a further joining process in which the protrusion of a first panel is inserted into the recess of a second panel parallel to the laying plane,

Fig. 5

2, the common joint being moved upwards out of the laying plane and the two panels forming a kink,

Fig. 6

2, wherein the joint is moved downward from the laying plane and the two panels form a kink,

Fig. 7

a fastening system in the installed state of two panels with a filler between the form-fitting profiles of the narrow sides.

Fig. 8

special holding profiles for the short narrow sides of a panel when they are nested,

Fig. 9

another embodiment of special holding profiles for the short narrow sides of a panel in the nested state,

Figure 10

2 shows a schematic representation of a holding profile with a web on the underside and a representation of two cutting tools for producing the undercut,

Figure 11

a third embodiment of special holding profiles for the short narrow sides of a panel in the nested state,

Figure 12

11, which is supplemented by an additional locking element,

According to the drawing, the fastening system 1 is based on the example elongated rectangular panels 2 and 3 explained, one of which in Fig. 1 a section is shown. The fastening system 1 has arranged on the narrow sides of the panels Holding profiles, which are complementary form-fitting profiles 4 and 5 are formed. The opposite form-fitting profiles of a panel are each complementary. In this way, any panel 2 that has already been installed can be another panel 3 can be attached.

The positive locking profiles 4 and 5 are based on the prior art of the German utility model G 79 28 703 U1. In particular on the form-fitting profiles of the embodiment that in the Figures 14, 15 and 16 and in the associated description G 79 28 703 U1 is disclosed.

The form-fitting profiles according to the invention are developed in such a way that they have an articulated and compliant connection from Enable panels.

One of the positive locking profiles 4 of the present invention is provided with a projection 6 protruding from the narrow side. The underside of the projection 6, which in the installed state of the Underlay facing points for the purpose of the articulated connection a cross section with a convex curvature 7. The convex curvature 7 is in the complementary form-fitting profile 5 rotatably mounted. In the illustrated embodiment, the convex curvature 7 formed in a circular section. The one below of the projection 6 arranged part 8 of the narrow side of the Panel 3, which faces the underlay in the installed state is further back from the free end of the projection 6 than the part 9 arranged above the projection 6 of the Narrow side. In the embodiment shown, the occurs below of the projection 6 arranged part 8 of the narrow side approximately back twice as far from the free end of the projection 6, as the part 9 of the arranged above the projection 6 Narrow side. This is because the circular section the convex curvature 7 is relatively wide. This is the most protruding point of the convex curvature 7 of the projection 6 arranged so that it is approximately below the upper edge 10 of the panel 3 is located.

The part 9 of the narrow side arranged above the projection 6 occurs at the top of the panel 3 from the narrow side protrudes and forms a joint joint surface 9a. Between this joint joint surface 9a and the projection 6 of the panel 3 is the part 9 of the narrow side reset. This ensures that the Part 9 of the narrow side always a closed top joint with the complementary narrow side of another panel 2 forms.

The one opposite the convex curvature 7 of the projection 6 The top of the projection 6 has a short straight section 11 on, also parallel to the ground in the installed state U is arranged. From this short section 11 to Free end, the top of the projection 6 has a inclined material removal 12, which extends to the free end of the projection 6 extends.

The form-fitting profile complementary to the form-fitting profile 4 discussed 5 of a narrow side has a recess 20. This is essentially of a lower one when installed the wall U facing the wall 21 and an upper one Wall 22 limited. On the inside of the recess 20 is the lower wall 21 is provided with a concave curvature 23. This the function of a bearing shell. The concave curvature 23 is also designed in the form of a segment of a circle. So that's relative wide concave curvature 23 on the lower wall 21 of the recess 20 finds place, the lower wall 21 is further from the narrow side of the panel 2 emerges as the upper wall 22. Die concave curvature 23 forms at the free end of the lower wall 21 an undercut. When installed, two Panels 2 and 3 have this undercut from the projection 6 the associated positive locking profile 4 of the adjacent panel 3 engaged behind. The degree of engagement, the difference between the thickest part of the free end of the bottom wall as well as the thickness of the bottom wall at the deepest point of the concave Curvature 23 is tuned to be a good compromise between flexible flexibility of two panels 2 and 3 as well as a good hold against pulling the Form-locking profiles 4 and 5 is given in the installation level.

The prior art fastening system according to the figures 14, 15 and 16 of the utility model G 79 28 703 U1 in contrast, a significantly larger degree of undercut on. This results in extremely stiff joints, caused by stress on an irregular Underground U cause high notch tensions.

The inside of the top wall 22 of the recess 20 of the panel 2 is parallel according to the embodiment in the installed state arranged to the underground U.

On the lower wall 21 of the recess facing the underground U. 20 of the panel 2 has the inside of the wall 21 oblique material removal 24, which extends to the free end the lower wall 21 extends. This will change the wall thickness of this Wall increasingly thin towards the free end. The removal of material 24 follows in accordance with the exemplary embodiment one end of the concave curvature 23.

The projection 6 of the panel 3 and the recess 20 of the panel 2 form, as can be seen in FIG. 2, a common joint G. The material removal 12 discussed above at the top of the Projection 6 of the panel 3 and the material removal 24 bottom wall 21 of the recess 20 of the panel 2 create in installed condition of the panels 2 and 3 freedom of movement 13 respectively 25, the joint G in a small angular range allow rotation.

In the installed state, the short straight section 11 is the Top of the projection 6 of the panel 3 with the inside of the top wall 22 of the recess 20 of the panel 2 in contact. Moreover lies the convex curvature 7 of the projection 6 on the concave Curvature 23 of the lower wall 21 of the recess 20 of the panel 2 on.

The side joint joint surfaces 9a facing the upper side and 26 of two connected panels 2 and 3 are always unique to each other. In practice, there is a simultaneous exact Installation of the convex curvature 7 of the projection 6 of the panel 3 on the concave curvature 23 of the recess 20 of the panel 2 not possible. Manufacturing tolerances would result in either the joint faces 9a and 26 lie exactly against each other or projection 6 / recess 20 lie exactly against one another. In practice, the positive locking profiles are therefore designed that the joint faces 9a and 26 always lie exactly against each other and projection 6 / recess 20 for an exact system cannot be moved sufficiently far into each other. Since the Manufacturing tolerances, however, in the order of hundredths Are millimeters, also nestle ahead 6 / recess 20 almost exactly against each other.

Panels 2 and 3 with the complementary positive locking profiles described 4 and 5 can be combined in different ways Fasten. 3 is a panel 2 with a Recess 20 already moved, while a second panel 3 with a complementary projection 6 in the direction of arrow P sloping inserted into the recess 20 of the first panel 2 becomes. Then the second panel 3 is around the common center of the circle K of the circular sections of the convex curvature 7 of the Projection 6 and the concave curvature 23 of the recess 20 rotated, until the second panel 3 rests on the underground U.

Another type of joining of the panels 2 and 3 discussed is in Fig. 4 shown, after which the first panel 2 with a recess 20 is laid and a second panel 3 with a projection 6 in the installation plane and perpendicular to the form-fitting profiles 4 and 5 is moved in the direction of arrow P until the walls 21 and 22 of the recess 20 are a little elastic expand and the convex curvature 7 of the projection 6 the undercut at the front end of the concave curvature 23 has overcome the lower wall and the final laying position is reached.

The latter type of joining is preferred for the short narrow sides Panels used if these are complementary with the same Form-fitting profiles 4 and 5 are provided, like the long ones Narrow sides of the panels.

5 shows the fastening system 1 in use. Panels 2 and 3 are on an irregular surface U. The first panel 2 with the form-fitting profile 5 is on it Top has been charged. This is the narrow side of the panel 2 has been raised with the positive locking profile 5. That with the positive locking profile 5 connected positive locking profile 4 of the panel 3 has also been raised. Through the joint G results there is a kink between the two panels 2 and 3. The freedom of movement 13 and 25 create space for the rotary movement of the joint. The joint G formed from both panels 2 and 3 has been moved up a bit from the installation level. The freedom of movement 13 is fully utilized for the rotation so that the top of the projection 6 of the panel 3 in the area of material removal 12 on the inside the wall 22 of the panel 2 rests. The junction is in yields and forces the positive locking profiles involved 4 and 4 no unnecessary and material-fatiguing bending stress.

That which occurs early in form-fitting profiles according to the prior art Damage due to breakage of the projection or the walls the positive locking profile is thus avoided.

A further advantage arises in the case of a joint movement according to FIG 5. This can be seen in the fact that the two panels after being relieved by their own weight, back to their installation level fall behind. A slight elastic deformation of the walls the recess is also present in this case. This elastic Deformation supports the panels falling back into the installation level. There is only very little elasticity Deformation because of the pivot point of the joint caused by the circular section-shaped curvatures 7 and 23 is set itself is located within the cross section of the projection 6 of the panel 3.

6 shows an articulated movement of two installed panels 2 and 3 shown in the opposite direction of rotation. The on panels 2 and 3 laid on an irregular underground are buckled down. The construction is designed that if the connection point bends out of the Laying level towards the underground U is a much stronger elastic Deformation of the lower wall 21 of the recess 20 occurs than when bending from the laying level upwards. The point of this measure is to see that the down not buckled panels 2 and 3 after relief their own weight can return to the installation level. The greater elastic deformation of the lower wall 21 of the However, recess 20 generates a clamping force that the panels 2 and 3 immediately after the load has returned to the installation level moved back.

The form-fitting profiles 4 and 5 described are present molded in one piece on the narrow sides of panels 2 and 3. This is preferably done by a so-called formatting process, in which the positive locking profiles 4 and 5 with several milling tools connected in series Mill the shape of the narrow sides of panels 2 and 3. The panels 2 and 3 of the described embodiment essentially exist from an MDF board with a thickness of 8 mm. The MDF board is wear-resistant and decorative on the top coated. At the bottom is a so-called counter-pull layer attached that the from the top coating caused residual stresses.

7 shows two panels 2 and 3 in the installed state, a fastening system 1 with a soft elastic curing filler 30 is used. The filler 30 is form-fitting between all adjacent parts connected narrow sides provided. Especially the top one Groove 31 is closed with the filler, so none Moisture and no dirt can penetrate. It also causes the one in the bent state of two panels 2 and 3 deformed filler 30 due to its elasticity a provision panels 2 and 3 in the installation level.

Fig. 8 shows special holding profiles that are for the short Narrow sides of panels 40 and 41 are provided. Every panel points to each other on opposite short narrow sides matching holding profiles 42 and 43 with complementary hook elements 44 and 45 on. In this way, you can always right holding profile 42 of a first panel 40 with a left Connect the holding profile 43 of a second panel 41. In Fig. 8 are the short narrow sides of the panels 40 and 41 in the nested State shown. The hook element 44 is off one protruding approximately vertically from the narrow side and on of the panel top O arranged web 46 is formed. It is at the free end of the web 46 to the underside V of the panels 40 and 41 pointing hook projection 47 arranged. The hook projection 47 is with a hook projection 48 of the second panel 41 engaged. The hook element 45 of the second panel 41 is formed from a web 49, which is from the narrow side of the protrudes second panel 41 and on the underside V of the second panels 41 is arranged. The hook projection 48 is on the free end of the web 49 and faces the top of the panel O of the panel 40. The hook projections 47 and 48 and of the two panels 40 and 41 are hooked together.

The hook projection 48 of the second panel 41 with the underside Web 49 lies in the assembled state of the second panel 41 on the top web 46 of the first panel 40. For the purpose of a clear system is between the hook projection 47 of the top web 46 of the first panel 40 and the bottom panel Web 49 of the second panel 41 in the present embodiment Air L1 provided.

8 engage behind holding surfaces 50 and 51 of the hook projections 47 and 48 such that the hook projections 47 and 48 can only be hooked into one another by elastic deformation. Between the inner surface 52 of the holding profile 43 of the second panel 41 and the opposite holding surface 50 of the hook projection 48 is an opening formed at its narrowest Place the width a. This is less than the width b the hook projection 47 of the first panel 40 at its widest Job. This design and the elastic Deformation when joining the hook projections 47 and 48 occurs snap-in of the complementary hook projections 47 and 48 in a defined end position. In the present embodiment are the holding surfaces 50 and 51 of the hook projections 47 and 48 kept simple and designed as inclined flat surfaces. The hook projections taper from the free ends 47 and 48 to the webs 46 and 49. In the present embodiment is, as can be seen in Fig. 8, the holding surface 51 of the hook projection 47 of the first panel 40 on the upper one and rounded off the lower end. The same goes for the Holding surface 50 of the hook projection 48 of the second panel 41. As a result, the hook projections 47 and 48 are joined together supported, during a perpendicular to the installation plane running joining movement, the holding profiles 42 and 43 slowly be elastically expanded. This facilitates the laying and protects the holding profiles 42 and 43.

The adjacent holding surfaces 50 and 51 of the cooperating Panels 40 and 41 therefore nestle in areas together. The resulting gaps can be advantageous serve as glue pockets 53.

Furthermore, there is between the end face 54 of the hook projection on the underside 48 of the second panel 41 and the inner surface 55 of the first panel 40 air L2 is provided. The resulting one The space can also serve as a glue pocket 53. The same applies to the end face 56 of the upper hook projection 4 of the first panel 40, at least in the assembled state in the area of the panel top O and on the second Panel 41 is present. Below the top of the panel ○ and to the inside the connection widens in the present embodiment a space on top, which is also a glue pocket 53 is formed.

A second embodiment of a fastening system is shown in 9 illustrates. There are the same technical features provided with the same reference numerals as in FIG. 8. The embodiment according to FIG. 9 differs from that 8 by the fact that the two pairs of web 49 / hook projection 47 or web 46 / hook projection 48, which abuts one another, and the one which has an air gap L1, have changed. The basic function of the fastening system remains the same. In turn, there is a clear contact of the hook projection 47 and a gapless surface of the floor covering.

10 shows a schematic illustration of a panel 41 with a holding profile 43 according to the invention entered as the undercut contour of the hook projection 48 with the help of two cutting tools W1 and W2, the rotate about the axes X1 and X2, can be produced. The tools W1 and W2 create a recess 57 in which a complementary Hook projection of another panel (not shown) can be snapped into place.

Finally, an alternative embodiment is shown in FIG special complementary holding profiles 60 and 61 on the short Narrow sides of panels 62 and 63 can be seen. Again, there are hook elements 64 and 67 provided the same as the above Embodiments have webs and hook projections. The embodiment 11 is designed so that the end face 75 of the underside hook element 64 of the second panel 63 has a protruding catch element 65 at its free end, that in an undercut recess 66 of the top Hook element 67 of the first panel 62 engages. The hook elements 64 and 67 can be applied with light pressure and under elastic Snap the deformation into each other. The panels 62 and 63 through the locking element engaging in the recess 66 65 locked perpendicular to the installation level. The lock the panels 62 and 63 against pulling apart in the longitudinal direction is accomplished by holding surfaces 68 and 69 which provided on hook projections 70 and 71 of the hook elements 64 and 67 are.

The protruding locking element 65 of the second panel 63 is shown in FIG the embodiment shown as a bead, the extends over the entire length of the narrow side. The undercut Recess 66 of the first panel 62 is elongated Throat formed which the bead in the assembled Condition. Bead and throat can be made by so-called Milling formatting in one production run. To join the Panels 62 and 63 must each have a bead and a throat under one elastic deformation of the hook elements 64 and 67 inserted into each other become.

A further embodiment is shown in FIG is based on the embodiment according to FIG. 11. Same features these two figures have the same reference numerals Mistake. Compared to the embodiment of FIG. 11, the 12 constructed so that the End face 72 of the top hook element 67 of the first panel 62 at its free end a protruding locking element 73 has, which in an undercut recess 74 of the underside Hook element 64 of the second panel 63 engages. To the Locking hook elements 67 and 64 must be a little larger Pressure is exerted as in the embodiment according to Fig. 11. The panels 62 and 63 are inserted into the recess 66 engaging locking element 65 and the additional in the recess 74 engaging locking element 73 locked more firmly than in the embodiment according to FIG. 11. The above Locking elements 65 repective 73 of the panels 62 and 63 are as Beads formed over the entire length of a Extend narrow side. Of course, instead of one Bead on a hook projection 64 or 67, for example a protruding nose may be provided with a slope (not shown), the slope of the nose oriented so is that with increasing progress of the joining process gently widening the corresponding hook element becomes. The undercut recesses 66 and 74 of the Panels 62 and 63 are designed as elongated throats, which take up the beads in the assembled state. Bead and Throats can be formatted in a single pass milling. To join panels 62 and 63 must each bead and throat under an elastic deformation of the Hook elements 67 and 64 are inserted into one another. Furthermore the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 11 and 12 differ 12 in the interaction of the webs 46, 49 with the hook projections 71, 70. According to FIG. 11, the web 46 lies on the hook projection 71 and is between the hook projection 70 and the Web 49 air provided. 12 is air between the Web 46 and the hook projection 71 and lies the hook projection 70 on the web 49.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

fastening system

2

paneling

3

paneling

4

Form-fitting profile

5

Form-fitting profile

6

head Start

7

convex curvature

8th

Part of the narrow side

9

Part of the narrow side

9a

Abutting joint surface

10

top edge

11

section

12

material removal

13

Freedom of movement

20

recess

21

bottom wall

22

top wall

23

concave curvature

24

material removal

25

Freedom of movement

26

Abutting joint surface

30

filler

31

top joint

40

paneling

41

paneling

42

retaining profile

43

retaining profile

44

hook element

45

hook element

46

web

47

hook projection

48

hook projection

49

web

50

holding surface

51

holding surface

52

Inner surface

53

Leimtasche

54

front

55

Inner surface

56

front

57

recess

60

retaining profile

61

retaining profile

62

paneling

63

paneling

64

hook element

65

locking element

66

deepening

67

hook element

68

holding surface

69

holding surface

70

hook projection

71

hook projection

72

front

73

locking element

74

deepening

75

front

G

joint

K

Circle center

O

panel surface

P

arrow

U

document

V

bottom

Claims (8)

Fastening system for panels (2, 3) with retaining profiles arranged on the narrow sides of the panels (2, 3), in particular for floor panels, opposite retaining profiles being designed as complementary positive locking profiles (4, 5), characterized in that the positive locking profiles (4 , 5) an articulated and flexible connection of the panels (2, 3) is made possible. Fastening system according to claim 1, characterized in that a positive-locking profile (4) with a projection (6) projecting from the narrow side is provided on a narrow side. Fastening system according to claim 2, characterized in that the form-fitting profile (5) complementary to the projection (6) has a recess (20). Fastening system according to claim 3, characterized in that an articulated movement between the panel (5) with the recess (20) and the panel (4) with the projection (6) is made possible. Fastening system according to claim 4, characterized in that the projection (6) and the recess (20) form a common joint (G). Fastening system according to claim 5, characterized in that space for a rotary movement of the joint (G) is created by movement clearances (13, 25). Panels (2, 3), which are articulated when installed and have compliant connection. Floor made of installed panels (2, 3) with a fastening system, the one with irregular rough or wavy Has adapted resilience.

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