EP1232977B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum stückweisen Abbau eines Stapels flacher Gegenstände - Google Patents
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum stückweisen Abbau eines Stapels flacher Gegenstände Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1232977B1 EP1232977B1 EP02001290A EP02001290A EP1232977B1 EP 1232977 B1 EP1232977 B1 EP 1232977B1 EP 02001290 A EP02001290 A EP 02001290A EP 02001290 A EP02001290 A EP 02001290A EP 1232977 B1 EP1232977 B1 EP 1232977B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- stack
- stop
- separating element
- axis
- top object
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H3/00—Separating articles from piles
- B65H3/02—Separating articles from piles using friction forces between articles and separator
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H3/00—Separating articles from piles
- B65H3/36—Separating articles from piles by separators moved in special paths, e.g. enclosing an area
- B65H3/38—Separating articles from piles by separators moved in special paths, e.g. enclosing an area the paths not enclosing an area
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2301/00—Handling processes for sheets or webs
- B65H2301/40—Type of handling process
- B65H2301/42—Piling, depiling, handling piles
- B65H2301/423—Depiling; Separating articles from a pile
- B65H2301/4232—Depiling; Separating articles from a pile of horizontal or inclined articles, i.e. wherein articles support fully or in part the mass of other articles in the piles
- B65H2301/42324—Depiling; Separating articles from a pile of horizontal or inclined articles, i.e. wherein articles support fully or in part the mass of other articles in the piles from top of the pile
- B65H2301/423245—Depiling; Separating articles from a pile of horizontal or inclined articles, i.e. wherein articles support fully or in part the mass of other articles in the piles from top of the pile the pile lying on a stationary support, i.e. the separator moving according to the decreasing height of the pile
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2301/00—Handling processes for sheets or webs
- B65H2301/40—Type of handling process
- B65H2301/42—Piling, depiling, handling piles
- B65H2301/423—Depiling; Separating articles from a pile
- B65H2301/4234—Depiling; Separating articles from a pile assisting separation or preventing double feed
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for piece-wise dismantling of a stack of flat objects according to the preambles of claims 1 and 7, respectively.
- a method and apparatus for mining a stack from flat objects are known from CH 436349.
- That one there described method is a stack of two-dimensional Items dismantled piece by piece by the top one Object of the stack in its plane from the stack unscrewed, gripped at its free edge and is removed from the stack.
- the top item comes with a drive element or separating element that moves on the top item can be switched on and off is.
- For gripping and removing the screwed out Funds serve the purpose.
- the well-known process has the advantage that the movement of the top one Realized object very simply in its level can be.
- the problem here is the friction between two superimposed objects causes the second top item when moving the top item is taken. This will make it Grab the top item that has been unscrewed difficult and the alignment of the stack disturbed.
- the height of the corner separators is to be chosen so that the three corners of the move the top arc over the corner separators can, but not the arches underneath be twisted.
- the clamping finger must be in time with the Twist of the top arc can be controlled so that he always holds the second uppermost bow and for releases at the right time.
- the clock rate of the device is limited, since the uppermost arch only largely from the Stack must be conveyed out before the turntable can access the second top sheet.
- a similar Device is known from DE-A 1237587.
- No. 3,583,697 describes a method and an apparatus for piecewise dismantling of a stack of flat objects disclosed, in which the top object by a separating element in the Force or frictional engagement moves against a stop is that it bulges out and evades it laterally, so that it can be gripped and pulled off the stack.
- the Separating element is stationary and has the shape of a roll, the one running parallel to the plane of the objects Axis is rotatable.
- a paper cassette is known from US Pat. No. 6,068,157 comprises a linearly movable separating element. On Lift mechanism ensures that the top sheet is always in is on the same level.
- the invention is therefore based on the object Specify method and an apparatus in which the individual items in a simple manner with high The number of measures can be removed from a stack without the Affect stack formation. Removing the top item should be independent of the stack height expire.
- the invention is particularly for separating very flat, flexible objects such as sheets of paper or plastic suitable.
- a movable separating element in its plane at least in the area of one of its corners moved against a stop.
- the attack bumps and is moved further it is bent so that he preferably sidesteps the stop and is moved out of the stack.
- All under the top one Object lying objects are by the stop stopped and stay aligned provided they are in Friction with the top object were moved.
- the top item is preferably a Movement component perpendicular to the stop and one Movement component moves transversely to it, so that it against the Attack hits, turns up against it and finally jumps off to the side and preferably in its plane can be moved further, e.g. also by suitable Removal means.
- the stop preferably only acts on a corner of the item. Such an attack can be easily overcome by the top object, while he reliably in all other items in the stack Holds position.
- the stop preferably extends from the support surface of the stack to a height that is slightly larger than the typical stack height. The The height of the stop does not have to be adapted to the stack height especially if the top item like already described pushed past the stop becomes.
- the top arc can be moved linearly, in the case a rectangular object preferably obliquely its edges and to align the stop. Especially however, a rotary movement can be easily realized of the topmost object by one perpendicular to the plane of the Object rotating axis.
- the top item is set in motion by a separating element, the preferably in frictional or frictional engagement with the uppermost Object acts.
- a separating element can also be used Suction are used.
- the Trailing edge of the object with a sucker and can be gripped by a slider, the object from the stack.
- the separating element Increase in the number of cycles.
- the top bow is through the Movement of the separating element in force or friction until it jumps off the stop and is offset from the stacking surface.
- the separating element is then moved back to its starting position where it is directly on a now exposed area of the accesses the second uppermost arch and this when Can move forward.
- the top sheet by suitable means of transport from the Stack drawn. Under "Grab” any kind of Transfer to the means of transport understood, e.g. also Storage on a conveyor belt.
- the invention allows particularly simple a scale formation of the separated Create arcs.
- the separating element preferably describes part of a circular path.
- the hub or the distance traveled The route need only be as long until the against the Edge of the uppermost sheet from the stop jump off. Depending on the design of the stop, it is therefore sufficient a trajectory of fractions of the arc length.
- the Clock frequency of the device can be increased accordingly become.
- 1A-C shows the implementation of the inventive Separierbacters.
- a stack of 1 rectangular, flat Objects 2, 3 are located on a support surface 4, which is laterally limited by a stop 5.
- the Stop 5 is a flat, vertically aligned web educated.
- the front edge 2a, 3a of the objects touches the front face 5a of the stack 1 Stop 5.
- the stop 5 extends laterally only over a fraction of the front edge 2a, 3a of the flat Items.
- a pressure element 7 At the corner 5 diagonally opposite the stop Contact surface 4 is a pressure element 7. With this is exerted pressure on the stack 1 from above, whereby the objects 2, 3 in a perpendicular to their Level direction fixed and held together become.
- the pressure element 7 becomes floating Way with a holding device 13 on the stack 1 placed what is shown in Figures 2-4.
- a lever 9 about a lever 9 is a separating element 6 with the Pressure element 7 pivotally connected, so that The height of the separating element 6 is automatically adjusted is that it is always the top item 2 of the stack 1 is able to move.
- the separating element 6 is around one perpendicular to the plane of the flat objects 2, 3 axis of rotation 10 extending through the pressure element 7 pivoted.
- the separating element 6 takes the top one Item 2 when moving towards the stop 5 in frictional or frictional engagement with.
- the situation with this Forward movement is shown in Fig. 1A.
- the top one Object 2 thereby moved against the stop 5 and there surfaced. As it moves forward, it glides the front corner 2b of the top object on the Side edge 5b of the stop over. This situation is shown in Fig. 1B.
- the separating element 6 is then through Swing back about the axis 10 in its starting position moved back.
- the top one pushed out of the stack Item 2 can now e.g. in the Gripped area of the leading edge 2a, e.g. to a Conveyor belt are put down, and transported away.
- the separating element 6 When the separating element 6 is pulled back into its The starting position is the adhesion with the top one Item 2 or the one below it is now released Item 3 solved.
- the separating element 6 comprises present example a role 11 with a strong grippy surface that moves when moving forward does not turn towards the stop and during the backward movement from the stop to the one on top Objects unrolls.
- Alternative separation elements are i 6A-6C and 7A-7C.
- the distance de Separating element 6 from the axis of rotation 10 or the Pressure element 7 is variable via a carriage 12.
- the Carriage 12 can be moved on the lever 9.
- a stack 1 flat objects 2, 3 is on a level Contact surface 4.
- the stack 1 is in the area of its Front edge 1A of a vertically aligned flat Stop 5 limited.
- At its 5 stop at an angle opposite corner 1b is the stack 1 of one Pressure element 7 weighed down.
- the pressure element 7, here in Shape of a pressure ball is on a holding device 13 held floating.
- the holding device 13 comprises two Columns 13a, 13b arranged laterally from the stack 1 which a web 13c is resiliently suspended.
- the web 13c is movable in the vertical direction.
- the pressure element 7 is connected to the web 13c via a holding element 16 and can be used to adapt the device to different Dimensions of the stack 1 shifted along the web 13c become.
- the pressure element is also over an axis 17 running parallel to the columns 13a, 13b pivotable.
- the pressure element 7 is rigid connected to the web 13c. About the height of the web 13c the height of the stack 1 can therefore be determined.
- On Separating element 6 is via a lever 9 with the pressure element 7 connected. It is a perpendicular to the support surface 4 through the pressure element 7 axis of rotation 10 swiveling. Due to the construction shown ensures that the pressure element is always on the Stack 1 rests. Using a suitable drive the separating element 6 in the direction of the axis of rotation 10 the stop 5 rotated to the top object 2 first with its front edge 2a against the stop 5 and finally push past it sideways.
- the separated products are aligned at an angle to stack 1 and are in a scale formation 8 of one Conveyor 18 transported away.
- the conveyor 18 can be a belt conveyor or a gripper conveyor his.
- objects can be 2 also individually removed from the stack and processed become.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows a snapshot of the stack 1, the uppermost object 2 of the separating element 6 is moved against the stop 5.
- the front edge 2a of the uppermost object 2 hits the stop 5, so that the top object 2 is in the area of its Bulge facing corner 2b.
- the top When moving on of the top object 2 with a movement component transverse to the orientation of the stop 5 is the top Finally bent the object so far that it is sideways glides past the stop 5, see also FIG. 1b.
- the separating element can then be returned to the starting position, which is shown in Fig. 4 can be moved back.
- FIG. 6A 6C shows two different ones Separating elements in two side views or in the top view.
- the separating element 6 according to FIG. 6A 6C includes a roller 11 which is attached to a holding element 19 about a pivot axis running parallel to the roller axis 14 is pivotally mounted.
- the roller 11 has one sticking coating.
- the separating element 6 has one Backstop, so that the roller 11 when moving out of the Starting position blocked in the direction of the stop 5 and so the top item is the frictional or frictional connection pushes against the stop. When moving back to the Starting position rolls the roll on the top one Object with low friction.
- the separating element 6 ' accordinging to 7A-7C includes a thumb clamp 15 which is on a holding element 19 'pivotable about an axis 16 is arranged.
- the thumb clamp 15 has one sticking coating, which when moving the Separating element 6 'the top object 2 in Friction also moves.
- the thumb clamp lock 15 is pivoted so that that a non-stick area or a built-in role as little friction as possible over the top item slides or rolls.
Description
- Fig. 1A - 1C
- Den Ablauf des erfindungsgemässen Separierverfahrens;
- Fig. 2
- eine erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung in Seitenansicht;
- Fig. 3
- eine erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung in Aufsicht von oben;
- Fig. 4
- eine erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung in Seitenansicht mit einem an einem Anschlag ausgerichteten Papierstapel;
- Fig. 5
- eine erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung in Seitenansicht mit einem gegen einen Anschlag gebogenen obersten Gegenstand;
- Fig. 6A - 6C
- verschiedene Ansichten eines Separierelements mit einer Rolle;
- Fig. 7A - 7C
- verschiedene Ansichten eines Separierelements mit einem Schuh;
- Fig. 8
- eine erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung mit einer Fördereinrichtung zur Erzeugung einer Diagonalschuppenformation.
Claims (14)
- Verfahren zum stückweisen Abbau eines Stapels (1) flacher Gegenstände (2, 3), wobei der oberste Gegenstand (2) des Stapels (1) (2) durch ein Separierelement (6, 6') mittels Kraftoder Reibschluss wenigstens im Bereich einer seiner Ecken (2b) in seiner Ebene gegen einen Anschlag (5) bewegt wird und durch weiteres Bewegen so gebogen wird, dass er dem Anschlag (5) ausweicht, aus dem Stapel (1) herausbewegt und an seinem freiwerdenden Rand ergriffen und vom Stapel (1) entfernt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der oberste Gegenstand (2) des Stapels (1) um eine im wesentlichen senkrecht zu seiner Ebene verlaufende Drehachse (10) gegen den Anschlag (5) gedreht und aus dem Stapel (1) herausbewegt wird und dass das Separierelement (6,6') um die Drehachse (10) schwenkbar ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kraft- oder Reibschluss gelöst wird, während oder bevor der freiwerdende Rand ergriffen wird, und das Separierelement (6, 6') anschliessend in seine Ausgangsposition zurückbewegt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf den Stapel (1) ein im wesentlichen senkrecht zu seiner Ebene gerichteter Druck ausgeübt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Drehachse (10) der Drehbewegung des obersten Gegenstandes (2) innerhalb seines Umrisses liegt, wobei vorzugsweise in Richtung der Drehachse Druck auf den Stapel (1) ausgeübt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich der Anschlag (5) im Bereich derjenigen Ecke (2b) des obersten Gegenstandes (2) bzw. des Stapels (1) befindet, die den grössten Abstand zur Drehachse (10) aufweist.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der oberste Gegenstand (2) durch ein um die Drehachse (10) schwenkbares Separierelement (6, 6') gedreht wird, welches am obersten Gegenstand (2) vorzugsweise im Bereich seiner dem Anschlag (5) gegenüberliegenden Kante angreift.
- Vorrichtung zum stückweisen Abbau eines Stapels (1) flacher Gegenstände (2, 3) mit einer Auflagefläche (4) für den Stapel (1) und einem Separierelement (6, 6'), das wenigstens den obersten Gegenstand (2) in seiner Ebene im Kraft- bzw. Reibschluss zu bewegen imstande ist, und mit einem Anschlag (5), der sich seitlich vom Stapel (1) befindet und gegen den der oberste Gegenstand (2) durch das Separierelement (6, 6') bewegt wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Separierelement (6, 6') in einer parallel zur Auflagefläche (4) verlaufenden Ebene beweglich ist, um eine im wesentlichen senkrecht zur Auflagefläche (4) verlaufende Drehachse (10) schwenkbar ist und wenigstens den obersten Gegenstand (2) um die Drehachse (10) zu drehen imstande ist. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Separierelement (6, 6') höhenverstellbar ist, wobei seine Höhe an die momentane Stapelhöhe derart angepasst ist, dass es stets den obersten Gegenstand (2) zu bewegen imstande ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Separierelement (6, 6') eine Rolle (11) mit Rücklaufsperre, eine Daumenklemmsperre (15) oder einen Sauger umfasst.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, gekennzeichnet durch ein Andruckelement (7), das auf den Stapel (1) im wesentlichen senkrecht zu seiner Ebene Druck auszuüben imstande ist, wobei der oberste Gegenstand (2) vorzugsweise um eine durch das Andruckelement (7) verlaufende Drehachse gedreht wird.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Andruckelement auf dem obersten Gegenstand aufliegt, so dass die Höhe des Stapels (1) mittels des Andruckelements (7) ermittelbar ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Andruckelelement (7) mit dem Separierelement (6, 6') über einen Hebel (9) verbunden ist, so dass sich das Separierelement (6, 6') stets auf der Höhe des obersten Gegenstands (2) des Stapels (1) befindet und diesen zu bewegen imstande ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anschlag (5) im Bereich derjenigen Ecke des Stapels (1) angeordnet ist, die den grössten Abstand zur Drehachse (10) aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anschlag (5) senkrecht zur Ebene der Gegenstände (2, 3) ausgerichtet ist und sich von der Auflagefläche (4) bis in eine Höhe erstreckt, die grösser als die Höhe des Stapels (1) ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH2662001 | 2001-02-15 | ||
CH2662001 | 2001-02-15 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1232977A1 EP1232977A1 (de) | 2002-08-21 |
EP1232977B1 true EP1232977B1 (de) | 2004-07-07 |
Family
ID=4475995
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02001290A Expired - Lifetime EP1232977B1 (de) | 2001-02-15 | 2002-01-18 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum stückweisen Abbau eines Stapels flacher Gegenstände |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6682064B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1232977B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE270646T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU1552702A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2370933A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE50200583D1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2435366C (en) * | 2001-02-15 | 2009-02-03 | Ferag Ag | Device and method for disassembling a pile of flat objects |
EP1321402B1 (de) * | 2001-12-20 | 2009-05-13 | MEI, Inc. | Vorrichtung zum Behandeln von Wertdokumenten |
US8734440B2 (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2014-05-27 | St. Jude Medical, Atrial Fibrillation Division, Inc. | Magnetically guided catheter |
DE212009000230U1 (de) * | 2009-08-26 | 2012-04-11 | Pavel Vladimirovich Ermakov | System in einem Verkaufsautomaten zur Ausgabe von Waren oder Zugaben zu Waren von beliebiger Form |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1016779A (en) * | 1910-09-29 | 1912-02-06 | Friedrich Ruppel | Apparatus for distributing flat bodies. |
US2795419A (en) * | 1953-09-25 | 1957-06-11 | Ritzerfeld Wilhelm | Sheet feeding device |
US3008709A (en) * | 1958-10-06 | 1961-11-14 | Ibm | Sheet separating and feeding apparatus |
US3090505A (en) * | 1961-08-07 | 1963-05-21 | Lamb Grays Harbor Co Inc | Unstacker |
US3276770A (en) * | 1964-09-08 | 1966-10-04 | Xerox Corp | Sheet feeding apparatus |
DK114351B (da) * | 1964-09-19 | 1969-06-23 | Zeuthen & Aagaard As | Arkseparatormekanisme navnlig til trykkemaskiner og duplikatorer. |
CH436349A (de) * | 1966-04-07 | 1967-05-31 | Ferag Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum stückweisen Abbau eines Stapels flächenhafter Gegenstände |
US3583697A (en) * | 1969-05-19 | 1971-06-08 | Addressograph Multigraph | Sheet feeding device |
GB1271526A (en) * | 1969-06-12 | 1972-04-19 | Gestetner Ltd | Improvements in or relating to sheet feeding devices |
US3713645A (en) * | 1971-04-26 | 1973-01-30 | Xerox Corp | Sheet separating apparatus |
JPS5231464A (en) * | 1975-09-03 | 1977-03-09 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Mechanism for feeding sheet of paper utilizing slipping rotary body |
US4136861A (en) * | 1977-09-30 | 1979-01-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | Paper guide means for reverse feed sheet paper separation device |
US4444385A (en) * | 1982-01-18 | 1984-04-24 | Qume Corporation | Sheet feeder |
CH682020A5 (en) * | 1990-12-17 | 1993-06-30 | Journomat Ag | Sales dispensing machine for newspapers - has gripper displaced by linkage with motor input to deliver top newspaper through delivery opening |
DE4136194A1 (de) | 1991-11-02 | 1993-05-06 | Kba-Planeta Ag, O-8122 Radebeul, De | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum vereinzeln und foerdern von bogen |
JPH06135576A (ja) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-05-17 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 画像形成装置の給紙装置 |
DE19642485A1 (de) * | 1996-10-15 | 1998-04-16 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | Druckmaschine mit im Bogenanlager angebrachter Bogenausrichtung |
JP3022386B2 (ja) * | 1997-03-25 | 2000-03-21 | 株式会社スーパープランニング | 紙片取出し装置を備えた集合紙片取出用ケース |
US5984295A (en) * | 1997-09-05 | 1999-11-16 | Primera Technology, Inc. | Paper tray with single sheet feeder |
-
2002
- 2002-01-18 EP EP02001290A patent/EP1232977B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-01-18 AT AT02001290T patent/ATE270646T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-01-18 DE DE50200583T patent/DE50200583D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-02-05 CA CA002370933A patent/CA2370933A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-02-11 AU AU15527/02A patent/AU1552702A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-02-14 US US10/076,200 patent/US6682064B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2370933A1 (en) | 2002-08-15 |
EP1232977A1 (de) | 2002-08-21 |
AU1552702A (en) | 2002-08-22 |
DE50200583D1 (de) | 2004-08-12 |
US6682064B2 (en) | 2004-01-27 |
ATE270646T1 (de) | 2004-07-15 |
US20020109284A1 (en) | 2002-08-15 |
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