Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
  • C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase

Definitions

• the emulsifiers are contained in amounts of 0.5 to 26% by weight.
• alcohols those having 1 to 8 carbon atoms are disclosed.
• DE 37 09 195 AI describes storage-stable aqueous fuel compositions which, in addition to hydrocarbons, contain a combination of 1.0 to 3.5% by weight of an emulsifier and 0.5 to 10% by weight of Ci-s alcohols.
• WO 85/04183 proposes aqueous fuels which contain 0.5 to 3.0% by weight of ethoxylated fatty alcohols having 12 to 14 carbon atoms as emulsifiers, the document not providing any specific information about the degree of ethoxylation.
• the proposed aqueous fuels on the one hand, cannot meet the increased requirements for the emission limit values, on the other hand, the presence of emulsifiers can lead to engine malfunctions, for example to deposits on the injection nozzles or valves.
• a first embodiment relates to a fuel mixture for internal combustion engines, containing fuels, water and emulsifiers, and optionally further additives, the emulsifiers being a mixture of (A) branched-chain, saturated or unsaturated fatty alcohols having 12 to 24 carbon atoms and (B) ethoxylated fatty alcohols 8 to 24 carbon atoms and 1 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of fatty alcohol is contained.
• the fuel mixtures according to the invention preferably contain 60 to 95% by weight of the fuel, 5 to 35% by weight of water, 0.01 to 5% by weight of emulsifiers (A) and (B) and 0 to 2.5% by weight. % more additives.
• Fuel mixtures containing 65 to 90% by weight of a fuel, 25 to 35% by weight of water, 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of emulsifiers (A) and (B) and 0.01 to are particularly preferred Contain 0.5% by weight of other additives.
• fuels are understood to mean all energy-supplying operating materials whose free combustion energy is converted into mechanical work. This includes all types of engine and aviation fuels that are liquid at room temperature and normal pressure.
• Motor fuels e.g. for car or truck engines, usually contain hydrocarbons, e.g. petrol or higher-boiling petroleum fractions.
• Diesel fuels are obtained from gas oil by cracking or from tars obtained from the smoldering of lignite or hard coal. Common products have a density between 0.83 and 0.88 g / cm3, a boiling point between 170 and 360 ° C and flash points between 70 and 100 ° C.
• diesel and heating oils are preferred fuels.
• the Water content based on the mixture, at least 5% by weight and at most 35% by weight. Those aqueous mixtures which contain approximately 70% by weight of fuel and approximately 30% by weight of water are particularly preferred.
• the emulsifier system described below is then added to these mixtures in the amounts indicated.
• the emulsifier components (A) and (B) are known classes of substances.
• Fatty alcohols of component (A) are to be understood as alcohols of the formula (I)
• R 1 represents a branched hydrocarbon radical having 12 to 24 carbon atoms and 0 and or 1, 2 or 3 double bonds.
• Typical examples are isotridecyl, isohexadecyl, isostearyl or 2-hexyl-1-decane alcohol and 2-octyldecanol, as well as their technical mixtures.
• Branched fatty alcohols of the type mentioned here can be obtained, for example, by customary processes, for example by oxo or Guerbet synthesis.
• the products of the Guerbet syntheses which lead to alcohols branched uniformly in the ⁇ position are preferred alcohols in the sense of the present invention.
• Particularly preferred fuels are those which contain branched, saturated fatty alcohols having 14 to 24 carbon atoms as component (A).
• the compounds of component (B) are also known compounds which are obtained by reacting fatty alcohols of C chain length 12 to 18 with ethylene oxide under pressure and in the presence of acidic or alkaline catalysts.
• Suitable fatty alcohol ethoxylates contain 1 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide units per mole of fatty alcohol.
• Fatty alcohols with 12 to 18 carbon atoms and 1 to 4 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of fatty alcohol are preferably used as starting products for the ethoxylation.
• Suitable fatty alcohols are lauryl, myristyl, palmityl or stearyl alcohol.
• Suitable unsaturated fatty alcohols are, for example, oleyl alcohol or 10-undecen-l-ol.
• the fatty alcohol ethoxylates can also be present in the fuels according to the invention as mixtures of the various ethoxylates. It is further preferred to use components (A) and (B) in proportions of 1: 1 to 1: 4.
• the total amount of emulsifier components (A) and (B) used is preferably from 0.01 to 5% by weight, in particular from 0.01 to 2% by weight and particularly preferably from 0.01 to 1% by weight, based in each case on the amount of fuel and water.
• nonionic emulsifiers suitable for the person skilled in the art can also be present in minor amounts (ie about 5 to 10% by weight, based on the amount of (A) and (B)) , As a rule, however, you will dispense with additional emulsifiers and use fuels that only contain emulsifiers (A) and (B).
• the fuels may also contain other additives, preferably corrosion inhibitors, e.g. quaternized ammonium compounds or carboxamides and their derivatives.
• corrosion inhibitors e.g. quaternized ammonium compounds or carboxamides and their derivatives.
• ethoxylated carboxamides as corrosion inhibitors is particularly preferred.
• Such amides follow the general formula (II)
• R 2 represents a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, optionally cyclic alkyl radical having 1 to 24 carbon atoms
• X represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical or a radical - (C 2 H 2 -O) n -H
• R 3 denotes a radical - (C 2 H 2 -O) n -H or a radical NY- (C 2 H 2 - O) m -H
• Y represents a divalent alkylene radical with 1 to 4 C atoms and n and m independently of one another represent a number from 1 to 10.
• the products of formula (II) can be obtained by amidation of fatty acids or fatty acid mixtures and subsequent ethoxylation.
• Suitable fatty acids are octanoic acid, decanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, arachinic acid, oleic acid, erucic acid, ricinoleic acid or mixtures thereof, such as those found in coconut oil, palm oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, Soybean oil, castor oil, whale oil, fish oil or taig fat occur.
• Preferred amides are those which contain 12 to 24 carbon atoms and have been reacted with 0.5 to 5 moles of ethylene oxide, preferably 1 to 3 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of carboxylic acid amide.
• Tall oil fatty acid monoethanol amide with 1.5 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of amide.
• by-products are formed in the preparation of these compounds, or educts remain in the product, in particular ethanolamine, triethanolamm or tall oil fatty acid.
• Such technical mixtures are also part of the disclosure of the invention.
• the emulsifier system according to the invention is added to the fuels in amounts of 0.01 to a maximum of 5% by weight.
• An anhydrous additive package containing components (A), (B) and optionally other auxiliaries can preferably be used for this purpose.
• Another object therefore relates to such water-free additive concentrates for aqueous fuels for internal combustion engines, containing branched-chain, saturated or unsaturated fatty alcohols with 12 to 24 carbon atoms, ethoxylated fatty alcohols with 8 to 24 carbon atoms and 1 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of fatty alcohol and ethoxylated carboxamides , These concentrates contain the emulsifier component (A) in amounts of 10 to 30% by weight, the emulsifier component (B) in amounts of 30 to 60% by weight and the ethoxylated carboxamides in amounts of 15 to 30% by weight.
• the invention further relates to a process for the production of aqueous fuels, an additive concentrate according to the above description being added to the fuel / water mixture in amounts of 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably in amounts of 0, to the aqueous fuels. 01 to 2 wt .-% and in particular in amounts of 0.01 to 1 wt .-%.
• An additive concentrate was prepared containing 20% by weight of 2-hexyl-1-decanol, 54% by weight of Oley / cetyl alcohol x 2 EO and 26% by weight of tall oil fatty acid monoethanolamide x 1.5 EO, and this then added to a mixture of 70% by weight of diesel oil and 30% by weight of water.
• the amount of additive concentrate used was 0.1% by weight, based on the amount of water and diesel oil. After stirring briefly, a stable emulsion was formed that could be burned easily in a diesel engine.
• the fuel / water mixtures according to the invention are suitable as fuels for all types of internal combustion engines, but preferably for diesel engines, in particular stationary diesel engines such as are used for block-type power plants.
• diesel engines in particular stationary diesel engines such as are used for block-type power plants.
• the fuel mixtures according to the invention are furthermore stable in storage, in particular at low temperatures, and can be obtained simply by mechanically mixing the emulsifier system with the aqueous fuel.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

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• 1999
  • 1999-07-23 DE DE19934689A patent/DE19934689A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2000
  • 2000-07-14 AT AT00954505T patent/ATE292171T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2000-07-14 EP EP00954505A patent/EP1196514B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-07-14 DE DE50009927T patent/DE50009927D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2000-07-14 ES ES00954505T patent/ES2239027T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-07-14 CA CA002380174A patent/CA2380174A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-07-14 WO PCT/EP2000/006736 patent/WO2001007541A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 2000-07-14 AU AU66936/00A patent/AU6693600A/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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