EP1381658B1 - Melange d'emulsifiants pour emulsions diesel aqueuses - Google Patents

Melange d'emulsifiants pour emulsions diesel aqueuses Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1381658B1
EP1381658B1 EP02722245A EP02722245A EP1381658B1 EP 1381658 B1 EP1381658 B1 EP 1381658B1 EP 02722245 A EP02722245 A EP 02722245A EP 02722245 A EP02722245 A EP 02722245A EP 1381658 B1 EP1381658 B1 EP 1381658B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
emulsifier mixture
quantities
component
ethoxylated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02722245A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1381658A2 (fr
Inventor
Frank Bongardt
Jürgen Röder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF Personal Care and Nutrition GmbH
Original Assignee
Cognis Deutschland GmbH and Co KG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cognis Deutschland GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Cognis Deutschland GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1381658A2 publication Critical patent/EP1381658A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase

Definitions

  • the present application relates to an emulsifier mixture for, aqueous diesel emulsions and the use of certain emulsifier mixtures for the preparation of aqueous diesel emulsions.
  • fuels are all energy-supplying operating materials whose free combustion energy is converted into mechanical work, understood. This includes all types from at room temperature and normal pressure liquid motor and aviation fuels.
  • Motor fuels e.g. For Car or truck engines typically contain hydrocarbons, e.g. Gasoline or higher boiling Petroleum fractions.
  • Diesel fuels are flame retardant mixtures of liquid hydrocarbons known as Fuels for Gleichtik- or.
  • Brennermotoren diesel engines
  • paraffins with admixtures of olefins, naphthenes and the like aromatic hydrocarbons consist.
  • Their composition is inconsistent and depends in particular on the manufacturing method: Common products have densities of 0.83-0.88, boiling points in the range of 170-360 ° C, and Fixed points at 70-100 ° C.
  • Diesel oil is obtained in the distillation of petroleum from gas oil, in the Cracking, from the tars, which in the carbonation (or hydrogenation) of brown or hard coal and hydrogenation of the coal extract.
  • Diesel oils for stationary installations and for marine engines have a composition similar to heavy fuel oil, which for cars, buses and trucks correspond to heating oil.
  • air is drawn into the cylinder, heated to 550-900 ° C by heavy compression (degree of compaction 14: 1 to 25: 1), whereby a jet of injected diesel ignites spontaneously and at a combustion temperature of 1500 2200 ° C reaches a combustion pressure of 50-80 bar, through which the piston moves u. Work is done. It consumes 13 m 3 air to burn 1 l of diesel in the diesel engine; the released combustion energy is about 42 000 kJ / kg.
  • An essential factor for the usability of diesel fuels is their ignitability, for the quantitative indication of which the cetane number (CZ) was introduced.
  • CZ cetane number
  • Zündwillmaschine the property of a motor fuel is called lighter or more difficult to ignite in an operating according to the diesel principle engine, this is for each fuel except atomization, pressure and temperature a Aufleungszeitspanne (ignition delay) to detectable combustion required.
  • Good ignitability of a fuel means favorable starting behavior u. smooth running of the diesel engine as a result of a short preparation period or small ignition delay; at large ignition delay occurs the well-known "nailing" ohren constitution in appearance.
  • the requirements for diesel fuels are CZ 20-40 for low-speed engines, CZ> 45 for small and high-speed engines.
  • the quality characteristics of diesel fuels also include the low-temperature behavior that can be described by the cloudpoint or - today preferred - by the filterability limit (CFPP), the temperature at which vacuumed diesel fuel blocks a filter. Desirable are also a low pour point, low content of non-combustible u. sooting substances and a low sulfur content.
  • CFPP filterability limit
  • Desirable are also a low pour point, low content of non-combustible u. sooting substances and a low sulfur content.
  • DIN-EN 590 05/1993
  • Cetane number improvers nitric or nitric acid esters
  • corrosion inhibitors nitric or nitric acid esters
  • flow improvers nitric acid esters
  • surfactants keeping the injectors clean
  • defoamers defoamers
  • smoke reducers as additives are added to the diesel.
  • Automotive emissions from diesel fuels contain more nitrogen oxides and 30 to 100 times more particulates (“
  • the individual substances contained in the emulsifier mixture are known to those skilled in the art well known.
  • Essential to the invention is that by the specific combination of Individual components a) to f) according to their chemical constitution stable aqueous diesel emulsions can be represented. The following describes the individual components.
  • the fatty acid amides are compounds of the general formula R-CO-NR 2 . These compounds are obtained by known reactions between hydroxyalkylamines and carboxylic acid and are described, for example, in "Handbook of Surfactants", MR Porter, Chatman and Hall, 1991, pages 135-139. Due to the synthesis of such compounds, it is common that in addition to the actual amides still by-products, preferably free hydroxylamine, is contained in the components. Within the scope of the teaching according to the invention, up to 5% by weight, measured according to DGFHNI 4b, of free amines, based on the amount of component a), can be present. Compounds of this type are sold by the applicant under the trade name Comperlan. Particular preference is given to those compounds in which the radicals R are symmetrical and are hydroxyalkyl radicals, preferably ethyl radicals.
  • Tall oil derivatives and in particular of Tallölfett Maschinenmonoethanolamid.
  • Tall oil itself is a mixture of fatty acids, resin acids, so-called oxyacids (inter alia, oxidized resin and fatty acids), u. a. unsaponifiable components. Its composition varies depending on the kind of the processed wood and the like. whose geographic origin strong: 15-55% fatty acids, about 20-65% resin acids, 1-8% oxyacids u. 6-30% other unsaponifiable components with an acid number (SZ) of approx. 90-160.
  • SZ acid number
  • Tall oil is used in fore and tall pitch, which are mostly burned, as well as in fatty acids and tall resin fractionated.
  • the tall oil fatty acids consist of at least 97% (1st quality) and 67% (with a resin acid content of 25-30%) of fatty acids (% by weight relative to the total amount of fatty acids in parentheses): Linoleic acid and conjugated C18 fatty acids (45-65), oleic acid (25-45), 5,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid (5-12) and saturated fatty acids (1-3).
  • Tall resin is composed of abietic acid (30-43%), Dehydroabietic acid (21-35%), palustric acid (8-12%) and in quantities of about 2-7% each Dihydroabietic acid, neoabietic acid, Pimar- u. Isopimaric acid in addition to 8-18% other resin acids.
  • the compounds according to a) are preferably used as emulsifiers, but also because of them foam-inhibiting and corrosion-inhibiting properties used. They are preferably in Amounts of 15 to 25 wt .-% and in particular from 18 to 23 wt .-% in the inventive Contain additives.
  • component b) are also known compounds obtained by reaction of Fatty acids, d. H.
  • Carboxylic acids having 6 to 21 carbon atoms and ethylene oxide in the presence of Kataysatoren can be prepared in a conventional manner.
  • As part of the teachings of the present invention are particularly preferred such ethoxylated fatty acids, have 8 to 24 carbon atoms and in particular are unsaturated, wherein 16 to 18 carbon atoms in Molecule should be included. These are with 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3 parts of ethylene oxide per Part fatty acid implemented.
  • the component b) in amounts of 12 to 18 Wt .-% and preferably 13 to 16 wt .-% based on the total amount of the additive are.
  • the compounds to c) are known substances which are obtained by reacting fatty alcohols with alkoxides, preferably ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide.
  • Fatty alcohols are primary aliphatic alcohols of the formula R-OH to understand in which R is an aliphatic, linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 24 carbon atoms and 0 and / or 1, 2 or 3 double bonds.
  • Typical examples are caproic alcohol, caprylic alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, capric alcohol, lauryl alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, petroselinyl alcohol, linolyl alcohol, linolenyl alcohol, elaeostearyl alcohol, arachyl alcohol, gadoleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol and brassidyl alcohol and the like technical mixtures which are obtained, for example, in the high-pressure hydrogenation of technical methyl esters based on fats and oils or aldehydes from Roelen's oxosynthesis and as a monomer fraction in the dimerization of unsaturated fatty alcohols.
  • the fatty alcohols are alkoxylated in a known way, preference being given to those compounds which have been reacted with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide.
  • the reaction can be carried out both blockwise and randomized in mixed alkoxylates.
  • the fatty alcohols are preferably reacted with 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 10 and in particular 1 to 5 parts of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide.
  • the alkoxylated compounds according to c) serve as emulsifiers.
  • Component c) is preferably present in amounts of from 30 to 50% by weight and in particular in amounts of from 35 to 45% by weight in the additives according to the invention.
  • alkoxylated compounds containing 6 to 24 carbon atoms and reacted with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide are again such Preferred compounds in which per part of fatty alcohol 1 to 5 and preferably 1 to 3 parts Ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide are included. It may also be advantageous to use the mixtures Select compounds of component c), one of which ethoxylates one part and the other are propoxylated.
  • castor oil is a known compound.
  • the castor oil is a pale yellow, viscous, flammable indigestible oil with a faint odor, but unpleasant Taste that thickened in the air due to the double bond, but without in the thin film too solidify.
  • Castor oil itself consists of 80 to 85% of the glyceride of ricinoleic acid and next to it Glycerides of altitude (7%,), minol (3%), palmitic (2%) and stearic (1%).
  • the castor oil can be ethoxylated in any way known in the art.
  • ethoxylated castor oils in which a part Castor oil 1 to 50 and preferably 5 to 25 parts of ethylene oxide come.
  • the emulsifiers according to d) in amounts of preferably 1 to 5 and preferably 1 to 2 wt .-% contain.
  • Guerbet alcohols are known compounds which can be obtained via the so-called Guerbet reaction. This is a self-condensation of alcohols under the influence of sodium or copper at 200 ° C and elevated pressure. It is believed that under the reaction conditions the alcohol is first dehydrogenated to the aldehyde, this aldol addition is self-initiated and the condensation product is subsequently hydrogenated to the alcohol as shown in the scheme below.
  • the alcohols obtained from the Guerbet reaction obey the general structural formula (I) in the R may be hydrogen or, independently of one another, alkyl radicals having 1 to 18 C atoms. It are generally 2-alkyl alkanols having at least 6 and a maximum of 36 carbon atoms.
  • 2-ethyl-1-hexanol is industrially produced from butyraldehyde.
  • Suitable alcohols as component e) are, for example, 2-methyl-1-pentanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 2-propyl-1-heptanol, 2-butyl-1-octanol, 2-pentyl-1-nonanol, 2 -Hexyl-1-decanol, 2-heptyl-1-undecanol, 2-octyl-1-dodecanol, 2-nonyl-1-tridecanol, 2-undecyl-1-pentadecanol, 2-dodecyl-1-hexadecanol, 2-tridecyl 1-heptadecanol, 2-tetradecyl-1-octadecanol, 2-pentadecyl-1-nonadecanol, 2-hexadecyl-1-eicosanol, 2-heptadecyl-1-heineiconasol, 2-octade
  • Guerbet alcohols having 14 to 18 carbon atoms are preferably used in the context of the present invention. Particularly preferred is 2-octyl-1-dodecanol.
  • Component e) preferably serves as a solubilizer or for viscosity adjustment of the agents according to the invention.
  • Component e) is preferably present in amounts of from 2 to 5% by weight and in particular from 3 to 5% by weight in the additives according to the invention.
  • the emulsifier mixtures according to the invention contain solvents, which are this may be diesel and / or glycols and derivatives thereof. Particularly preferred Mixtures of water, diesel oil and butylglycol. But there may be other solvents can be used, here is in particular reference to propylene glycol and diethylene glycol.
  • components a) to f) are mixed successively and are then ready for use.
  • Emulsifier mixtures which contain 18 to 22% by weight are particularly preferred.
  • Fatty acid monoethanolamides 14 to 18% by weight of ethoxylated fatty acids having 14 to 18 C atoms, 16 to 20 wt .-% ethoxylated fatty alcohols having 14 to 18 carbon atoms, 10 to 14 wt .-% propoxylated Fatty alcohols having 14 to 18 carbon atoms, 2 to 5 wt .-% Guerbet alcohols, 2 to 5 wt .-% ethoxylated Ricinusöl as well as the remainder solvent.
  • the emulsifier mixtures according to the invention are added to the aqueous diesel oils in quantities between 0.5 wt.% and 4.0 wt.%, preferably between 1.0 and 2.5 wt.% and in particular in amounts of 1.0 to 1.8 wt .-% added. It is thus possible also diesel oils, 20 to 30 wt .-% Contain water, to emulsify stably. Furthermore, the Emulgatotenmischept are free of toxicologically questionable emulsifiers, for example Nonylphenolethoxylaten.
  • Another object of the present invention relates to the preparation of aqueous diesel oils, wherein emulsifier mixtures are used as described above. Furthermore, a Diesel oil containing at least 20% by weight of water, and between 0.5 and 5% by weight, preferably between 1.0 and 2.5% by weight of an emulsifier mixture as described above.
  • the above additive package was included in amounts of 1.5% by weight of a 30% by weight water Added diesel oil emulsion. It spontaneously formed a white emulsion, even after 48 hours is still stable.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Mélange émulsionnant pour émulsions aqueuses de carburant diesel, contenant au moins :
    a) des amides d'acides gras
    b) des acides gras éthoxylés
    c) des alcools gras alcoxylés
    d) de l'huile de ricin éthoxylée
    e) des alcools de Guerbet et
    f) des solvants.
  2. Mélange émulsionnant selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce qu'il contient
    le composant a) en quantités de 15 à 25 % en poids, de préférence de 18 à 23 % en poids.
  3. Mélange émulsionnant selon les revendications 1 et 2,
    caractérisé en ce qu'il contient le composant b) en quantités de 12 à 18 % en poids, de préférence de 13 à 16 % en poids.
  4. Mélange émulsionnant selon les revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé en ce qu'il contient le composant c) en quantités de 30 à 50 % en poids, de préférence de 35 à 45 % en poids.
  5. Mélange émulsionnant selon les revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisé en ce qu'il contient le composant d) en quantités de 1 à 5, % en poids de préférence de 1 à 2 % en poids.
  6. Mélange émulsionnant selon les revendications 1 à 5,
    caractérisé en ce qu'il contient le composant e) en quantités de 2 à 5 % en poids, de préférence de 3 à 5 % en poids.
  7. Mélange émulsionnant selon les revendications 1 à 6,
    caractérisé en ce qu'il contient
    les solvants f) en quantités de 5 à 50 % en poids.
  8. Mélange émulsionnant selon les revendications 1 à 7,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le composant a) est choisi parmi les monoéthanolalkylamides, et est de préférence un monoéthanolamide d'acide gras de tall oil.
  9. Mélange émulsionnant selon les revendications 1 à 8,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le composant b) est choisi dans le groupe des acides monocarboxyliques éthoxylés comportant de 8 à 24 atomes de carbone, de préférence des acides gras insaturés comportant de 16 à 18 atomes de carbone, les acides ayant réagi avec 1 à 5 et de préférence 1 à 3 parties d'oxyde d'éthylène pour une partie d'acide gras.
  10. Mélange émulsionnant selon les revendications 1 à 9,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le composant c) est choisi dans le groupe des alcools gras éthoxylés et/ou propoxylés de formule R-OH, dans laquelle R représente un radical alkyle comportant de 6 à 24 atomes de carbone.
  11. Mélange émulsionnant selon les revendications 1 à 10,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le composant e) est choisi dans le groupe des alcools de Guerbet comportant de 14 à 18 atomes de carbone.
  12. Mélange émulsionnant selon les revendications 1 à 11,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les solvants sont choisis dans le groupe constitué par le carburant Diesel, l'eau, le propylèneglycol, le butylèneglycol et le diéthylèneglycol.
  13. Mélange émulsionnant selon les revendications 1 à 12,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    il contient de 18 à 22 % en poids de monoéthanolamides d'acides gras, de 14 à 18 % en poids d'acides gras éthoxylés comportant de 14 à 18 atomes de carbone, de 16 à 20 % en poids d'alcools gras éthoxylés comportant de 14 à 18 atomes de carbone, de 10 à 14 % en poids d'alcools gras propoxylés comportant de 14 à 18 atomes de carbone, de 2 à 5 % en poids d'alcool de Guerbet, de 2 à 5 % en poids d'huile de ricin éthoxylée, le reste étant constitué de solvants.
  14. Utilisation de mélanges émulsionnants selon les revendications 1 à 13, pour la préparation de carburants Diesel aqueux.
  15. Carburant Diesel contenant au moins 20 % en poids d'eau,
    caractérisée en ce qu'
    il contient entre 0,5 et 5 % en poids, de préférence entre 1,0 et 2,5 % en poids, d'un mélange émulsionnant selon les revendications 1 à 13.
EP02722245A 2001-03-29 2002-03-20 Melange d'emulsifiants pour emulsions diesel aqueuses Expired - Lifetime EP1381658B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10115705 2001-03-29
DE10115705A DE10115705A1 (de) 2001-03-29 2001-03-29 Emulgatorenmischung für wässrige Dieselemulsionen
PCT/EP2002/003049 WO2002079354A2 (fr) 2001-03-29 2002-03-20 Melange d'emulsifiants pour emulsions diesel aqueuses

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1381658A2 EP1381658A2 (fr) 2004-01-21
EP1381658B1 true EP1381658B1 (fr) 2005-06-29

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02722245A Expired - Lifetime EP1381658B1 (fr) 2001-03-29 2002-03-20 Melange d'emulsifiants pour emulsions diesel aqueuses

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20040123513A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1381658B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2441554A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10115705A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002079354A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009019377A1 (de) 2009-04-29 2010-11-11 Herzog, Hans-Georg, Dr. Ing. Partikelfreier Dampf-Dieselmotor

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20220370965A1 (en) * 2019-11-05 2022-11-24 Joao Carlos Fernandes Serodio Method, system, apparatus and formulations for producing oil-based blends and microemulsions and nanoemulsions
JP2023547501A (ja) * 2020-11-04 2023-11-10 ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア 燃料乳化剤用の分岐界面活性剤及び任意選択によりプロポキシル化界面活性剤を含む乳化剤パッケージ

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US5094667A (en) * 1990-03-20 1992-03-10 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Guerbet alkyl ether mono amines
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AU761457B2 (en) * 1998-01-12 2003-06-05 Deborah Wenzel An additive composition also used as a fuel composition comprising water soluble alcohols
US6017369A (en) * 1998-11-23 2000-01-25 Pure Energy Corporation Diesel fuel composition
HU222559B1 (hu) * 1999-05-14 2003-08-28 András Bertha Adalékkompozíció víztartalmú üzemanyagok stabilizálására, az így stabilizált üzemanyagok és ezek felhasználása
US6652607B2 (en) * 1999-07-07 2003-11-25 The Lubrizol Corporation Concentrated emulsion for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel
DE19934689A1 (de) * 1999-07-23 2001-01-25 Cognis Deutschland Gmbh Wäßriges Kraftstoffgemisch
IT1314228B1 (it) * 1999-11-16 2002-12-06 Ernesto Marelli Carburante per motori diesel in forma di microemulsione e procedimentoper preparare lo stesso.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009019377A1 (de) 2009-04-29 2010-11-11 Herzog, Hans-Georg, Dr. Ing. Partikelfreier Dampf-Dieselmotor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1381658A2 (fr) 2004-01-21
CA2441554A1 (fr) 2002-10-10
US20040123513A1 (en) 2004-07-01
WO2002079354A2 (fr) 2002-10-10
DE50203508D1 (de) 2005-08-04
DE10115705A1 (de) 2002-10-10
WO2002079354A3 (fr) 2003-11-20

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