EP1191215B1 - Procédé d' utilisation des gaz contenant du methane - Google Patents

Procédé d' utilisation des gaz contenant du methane Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1191215B1
EP1191215B1 EP01120389A EP01120389A EP1191215B1 EP 1191215 B1 EP1191215 B1 EP 1191215B1 EP 01120389 A EP01120389 A EP 01120389A EP 01120389 A EP01120389 A EP 01120389A EP 1191215 B1 EP1191215 B1 EP 1191215B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
engine
fed
methane
combustion air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01120389A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1191215A3 (fr
EP1191215A2 (fr
Inventor
Robert Rautenbach
Yuce Suleyman
Joachim Gebel
Alexander Schmitt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Green Gas Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
Green Gas Germany GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=7657417&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP1191215(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Green Gas Germany GmbH filed Critical Green Gas Germany GmbH
Publication of EP1191215A2 publication Critical patent/EP1191215A2/fr
Publication of EP1191215A3 publication Critical patent/EP1191215A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1191215B1 publication Critical patent/EP1191215B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0209—Hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. methane or acetylene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/02—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
    • F02D19/021—Control of components of the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/022—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel pressure, temperature or composition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0215—Mixtures of gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Biogas; Mine gas; Landfill gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0227—Means to treat or clean gaseous fuels or fuel systems, e.g. removal of tar, cracking, reforming or enriching
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D29/00—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
    • F02D29/06—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving electric generators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the use of methane mine gas, landfill gas and biogas from fermentation plants and digestion processes on sewage treatment plants, the methane content is below 40 vol .-%, wherein the gas is supplied to the gas engine of a gas engine / generator set for the purpose of generating electricity.
  • Some landfills are equipped with gas engine / generator sets that run on landfill gas.
  • the landfill gas extracted from the landfill body has a methane content of about 50% by volume.
  • the remainder consists mainly of CO 2 and a little nitrogen. If the landfill is closed, the biogas production of the landfill body slowly decreases over a period of about 10 years.
  • the installed gas detection system then increasingly draws air into the landfill body with the result that the methane content of the extracted landfill gas decreases. If the methane content drops below 40%, the gas engine can no longer be readily operated and the landfill gas must be flared off or disposed of by catalytic combustion.
  • Mine gas is a gas consisting essentially of methane, which is diluted by ventilation with air.
  • the methane content of the mine gas is in the range between 30 and 50 vol .-%, with operational fluctuations are unavoidable. At a methane content of less than 40 vol .-% be switched off the gas engines and is no longer possible in the context of the known measures, a use of the mine gas for power generation.
  • the GB 2 342 390 A describes a process for burning gaseous fuels in conventional internal combustion engines designed for the combustion of liquid fuels. By enrichment of the oxygen content in the supplied combustion air with the help of a membrane separation system required to ensure optimal combustion design measures on the machine can be reduced or eliminated.
  • the invention is based on the object to provide a method for using methane mine gas, landfill gas and biogas, which can be safely and economically operated with gas engines of conventional design, when the methane content of the methane-containing gas is below 40 vol .-%.
  • the object is achieved by a method according to claim 1.
  • the oxygen / nitrogen ratio of the gas engine supplied combustion air is changed.
  • the combustion air is a higher oxygen content and a corresponding low nitrogen content or inert gas content.
  • a correspondingly higher proportion of inert gas of the methane-containing gas stream can be compensated such that the gas engine can always be operated under optimum conditions.
  • This makes it possible to use so-called weak gases with a methane content of less than 40% by volume and a correspondingly higher content of inert constituents, in particular nitrogen and / or CO 2 .
  • the oxygen / nitrogen ratio of the combustion air through the operation of the membrane separation plant is adjusted so that the gas engine is operable with a lean gas whose methane content is less than 40 vol .-%, with an optimum under engine technology and exhaust technical aspects air ratio.
  • Gas engines of conventional design can be operated at this value with good engine efficiency and low exhaust emissions.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that atmospheric air is compressed and fed to a gas permeation module of the membrane separation plant whose membrane has a preferred oxygen permeability. From the Gaspermeationsmodul a permeate is withdrawn with respect to the atmospheric air reduced inert gas and fed in the gas engine as combustion air. It is understood that, depending on the amount of combustion air and the desired Stickstoffabreichtation multiple Gaspermeationsmodule can be connected in parallel and / or in series.
  • a methane-containing gas which may have a methane content of less than 40% by volume methane as lean gas, is supplied to the gas engine 2 of a gas engine / generator set 3 for the purpose of power generation.
  • the lean gas consists of CMM gas 7 ', which is composed essentially of CH 4 , O 2 and N 2 .
  • the oxygen / nitrogen ratio of Combustion air can be adjusted by the operation of the membrane separation unit 4 so that the gas engine 2 is operated using a lean gas, the methane content of which is less than 40 vol .-%, with an optimal under engine technology and exhaust technical aspects air ratio. This becomes clear from a comparative examination of the material balances shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • the gas engine is operated by the novel process with a lean gas, the methane content is only 20 vol .-%.
  • a total of 5 m 3 / h of lean gas is supplied to the gas engine with a total inert gas content of 4.0 m 3 / h.
  • For the combustion in the gas engine are 3.2 m 3 / h of oxygen needed, which is supplied with the combustion air.
  • a comparative examination of FIGS. 3 and 4 reveals that a high proportion of inert gas of the methane-containing gas stream can be compensated by reducing the amount of inert gas supplied with the combustion air.
  • Suitable membrane materials are, for example polysulfones, in particular with a coating of silicone, polyethersulfones, polyimides, cellulose acetate, among others.
  • the materials mentioned have preferred permeabilities for CO 2 and O 2 and only low permeabilities for N 2 .
  • the inventive method is also advantageously applicable because mine gas can be used with very low methane content for power generation.
  • the inventive method can be used without the z. B. in relation to the ventilation changes must be made.
  • the inventive method is independent against operational variations in the gas composition. Further advantageous applications open up for the use of biogas from fermentation plants or digestion processes on sewage treatment plants.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)

Claims (3)

  1. Procédé d'utilisation de grisou, de gaz de décharge et de biogaz contenant du méthane, et provenant d'installations de fermentation et de processus de pourrissement sur des stations d'épuration, dont la teneur en méthane est inférieure à 40 % en volume, et dont le gaz est acheminé vers un moteur à gaz d'un système à moteur à gaz/ générateur afin de produire de l'électricité, et la teneur en gaz inertes de l'air de combustion acheminé vers le moteur à gaz est réduite grâce à une installation de séparation à membrane placée en amont du moteur à gaz, ce qui modifie le rapport oxygène/azote de l'air de combustion,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la quantité de gaz inertes séparée de l'air de combustion au moyen de l'installation de séparation à membrane, correspond à la quantité de gaz inertes qui est acheminée vers le moteur à gaz avec le courant de gaz contenant du méthane, et
    le moteur à gaz fonctionne avec un rapport d'air optimal de λ = 1,5 à 1,8 du point de vue du moteur et des gaz d'échappement.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le moteur à gaz fonctionne avec un rapport d'air de λ = 1,6.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'air atmosphérique est compressé et acheminé vers un module de perméation gazeuse de l'installation de séparation à membrane, dont les membranes ont une perméabilité préférée pour l'oxygène, et un perméat ayant une teneur en gaz inertes réduite par rapport à l'air atmosphérique est retiré du module de perméation gazeuse et acheminé vers le moteur à gaz.
EP01120389A 2000-09-23 2001-08-25 Procédé d' utilisation des gaz contenant du methane Expired - Lifetime EP1191215B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10047262A DE10047262B4 (de) 2000-09-23 2000-09-23 Verfahren zur Nutzung methanhaltiger Gase
DE10047262 2000-09-23

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1191215A2 EP1191215A2 (fr) 2002-03-27
EP1191215A3 EP1191215A3 (fr) 2003-01-02
EP1191215B1 true EP1191215B1 (fr) 2008-01-09

Family

ID=7657417

Family Applications (1)

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EP01120389A Expired - Lifetime EP1191215B1 (fr) 2000-09-23 2001-08-25 Procédé d' utilisation des gaz contenant du methane

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US6595001B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1191215B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE383509T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2357646A1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ302535B6 (fr)
DE (2) DE10047262B4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2299454T3 (fr)
HU (1) HUP0103766A3 (fr)
MX (1) MXPA01009433A (fr)
PL (1) PL195071B1 (fr)
PT (1) PT1191215E (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE50113464D1 (de) 2008-02-21
PL195071B1 (pl) 2007-08-31
PL349798A1 (en) 2002-03-25
DE10047262A1 (de) 2002-04-25
PT1191215E (pt) 2008-04-15
HU0103766D0 (en) 2001-11-28
EP1191215A3 (fr) 2003-01-02
EP1191215A2 (fr) 2002-03-27
CA2357646A1 (fr) 2002-03-23
ATE383509T1 (de) 2008-01-15
ES2299454T3 (es) 2008-06-01
HUP0103766A3 (en) 2005-11-28
US20020069754A1 (en) 2002-06-13
CZ302535B6 (cs) 2011-07-07
DE10047262B4 (de) 2005-12-01
US6595001B2 (en) 2003-07-22
MXPA01009433A (es) 2004-07-16
HUP0103766A2 (hu) 2004-04-28
CZ20013389A3 (cs) 2002-10-16

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