EP1182641A2 - Resonanzplatte in Faserverbund-Bauweise - Google Patents
Resonanzplatte in Faserverbund-Bauweise Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1182641A2 EP1182641A2 EP01119531A EP01119531A EP1182641A2 EP 1182641 A2 EP1182641 A2 EP 1182641A2 EP 01119531 A EP01119531 A EP 01119531A EP 01119531 A EP01119531 A EP 01119531A EP 1182641 A2 EP1182641 A2 EP 1182641A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- resonance
- soundboard
- fiber composite
- mode
- plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10C—PIANOS, HARPSICHORDS, SPINETS OR SIMILAR STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ONE OR MORE KEYBOARDS
- G10C3/00—Details or accessories
- G10C3/06—Resonating means, e.g. soundboards or resonant strings; Fastenings thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10D3/00—Details of, or accessories for, stringed musical instruments, e.g. slide-bars
- G10D3/02—Resonating means, horns or diaphragms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10D3/00—Details of, or accessories for, stringed musical instruments, e.g. slide-bars
- G10D3/22—Material for manufacturing stringed musical instruments; Treatment of the material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a resonance board in fiber composite construction, containing at least one of long fibers and carrier material existing fiber coating, for use for an acoustic Music instrument, especially a string instrument.
- the invention is described below using the example of the resonance plates of String instruments described in more detail. However, it is also for others with a sound box or sound board acoustic musical instruments (such as guitars and pianos) advantageous usable.
- the resonance body of a string instrument is used by the two Soundboards (ceiling and floor) and the frames connecting them educated.
- the ceiling is traditionally made of spruce wood
- the floor is mostly made of maple wood.
- Structures in fiber composite construction mostly consist of long fibers, which are preferably oriented in certain directions, and one Carrier or matrix material, which is generally a thermosetting or thermoplastic.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of a resonance plate to create in fiber composite construction, which compared to award-winning, solid wood soundboard made in traditional construction a significantly improved acoustic quality has.
- the resonance plate according to the invention is intended in particular under Maintaining the familiar and desired timbre of a person Solid wood soundboard has a significantly higher sound power exhibit.
- the invention is based on the following considerations and To attempt:
- CL is the speed of sound (in m / s) of the longitudinal waves in the longitudinal direction of the test strip and rho the mean total density (in g / m 3 ) of the test strip.
- the quality quotient Q M is therefore higher, the greater the speed of sound of the longitudinal waves in relation to the vibrating mass.
- a large value of Q M thus corresponds to a favorable mass-rigidity ratio of the resonance plate.
- the invention therefore proceeds on the basis of these considerations a fundamentally different way to get the resonance frequencies of one in Fiber composite construction produced resonance plate in the desired area and familiar from solid wood soundboard lay.
- the natural frequency increase caused by the fiber composite construction (with which the very desirable increase in the quality quotient Q M is connected) is compensated for by such a geometry-related natural frequency decrease, by which the quality quotient Q M is not significantly reduced.
- the surface area of the resonance plate is dimensioned larger than in the case of a resonance plate made of solid wood of a string instrument of the same timbre. An enlargement of the resonance plate results in a shift of the natural frequencies downwards. Because of its larger area, the resonance plate can then be given a correspondingly greater thickness without the natural frequencies leaving the range required for the desired and familiar timbre.
- the resulting quality quotient Q M is thus significantly higher than that of a non-enlarged, thinner board in fiber composite construction.
- the resonance plate according to the invention allows it with building instruments that respect listening habits (Tone color sensation) the conventional, made of solid wood Correspond to instruments, however with regard to their acoustic Efficiency significantly superior to traditional instruments are.
- the resonance plate is enlarged acoustically useful if a material (like a Fiber composite material) with a higher one than wood Flexural rigidity and therefore a higher speed of sound is used.
- Characteristic b1) is the frequency of the main body resonance, which - according to the relevant literature - is referred to as B1 mode.
- Feature b2) specifies the second deepest body resonance for the guitar, which is designated 0.0 mode.
- Feature b3) relates to the deepest resonance of the soundboard of pianos or concert grand pianos, which is also designated 0.0 mode according to its mode of vibration. The resonances mentioned, in particular their respective typical vibration form, are explained in more detail in the exemplary embodiments.
- B1 mode main body resonance
- Jansson B1 mode C3 mode
- B1 + mode Hutchins
- the mode is determined with the help of experimental modal analysis.
- experimental modal analysis a large number of transfer functions (acceleration divided by force; or vibration response divided by vibration excitation) are measured by using a hammer (e.g. PCB 086C80) to excite the instrument at a number of coordinates distributed over the body.
- the vibration response is measured using an accelerometer (e.g. PCB 352B22) at the driving point.
- the upper end of the side edge (bass beam side) of the bridge is selected as the driving point. All of these measurements are carried out when the instrument is ready to play, with only the strings being dampened with foam in such a way that the steep-sided string resonances are damped, while the body resonances of the instrument to be determined are not changed.
- the measurement of the other musical instruments in which the resonance plate according to the invention is installed is carried out with free-free storage.
- the instruments are expediently stored softly on foam cushions in the area of the upper and lower block.
- the transfer functions are evaluated using the relevant programs (eg STAR Structure) in the manner usual for modal analysis.
- Fig. 3 (ceiling) and Fig. 4 (floor) show for better understanding also the natural mode of the B1 mode, but now (in Contrary to the contour plot Fig. 1) as a wire mesh model, with Fig. 3a and 4a the deflected with -90 °, Fig. 3c and Fig. 4c with + 90 ° deflected state compared to that in Fig. 3b and Fig. 4b show the idle state shown with 0 °.
- the frequency responses shown in Fig. 5 to 8 represent the typical Input acellance of a violin (Fig. 5), a viola (Fig. 6), a cello (Fig. 7) and a double bass (Fig. 8).
- the input accuracy is that transfer function where the vibration excitation and the vibration response at the same Measuring point can be measured.
- the above-mentioned driving is the measuring point Point selected. It is the X axis of the input precision around the frequency, with the Y-axis around the vibration level (Acceleration divided by stimulating force) in dB.
- the Different resonances are clearly too individual peaks detect.
- the violin and viola forms the B1-Mode typically the last outstanding resonance summit a body resonance region formed by the envelope 7.
- This resonance area is always due to a steep dip 8 (Anti-resonance) from the higher-frequency plate resonance peaks Cut.
- the B1 mode forms the Violoncello usually has the highest low-frequency resonance peak below 300 Hz.
- the B1 mode is often without in the cello physical measurement methods due to the so-called Wolfston susceptibility of the bowed tone (especially on the C string) make out whose fundamental frequency is the resonance frequency of B1 mode equivalent.
- the B1 mode is usually second, the main body resonance in the area around the Helmholtz resonance Ao 100 Hz.
- the resonance peaks of the Helmholtz resonance Ao and the 4 to 7 are shown as T1 mode below the B1 mode marked such.
- FIG. 9 The second lowest mentioned in feature b2) of claim 1 Body resonance of the acoustic guitar is shown in FIG. 9 illustrated.
- This resonance is found in literature [see Fletcher N. H. and Rossing T.D: "The Physics of Musical Instruments", New York 1991] is referred to as fashion with a 0.0 character, since it has 9 knot lines neither in the longitudinal nor in the transverse direction of the ceiling, but rather rather by a single antinode per resonance plate (Ceiling and floor) is marked.
- the connection of cavity, The top and bottom of the guitar lead to three body resonances 0.0 characteristic, namely for the Helmholtz resonance and for two close in frequency, about 100 Hz above the Helmholtz resonance lying body resonances.
- the The guitar's first body mode is the second lowest Body resonance, or the middle of the three body resonances with 0.0 character. It differs from the higher frequency, third Body resonance with 0.0 character due to the phase relationship between the ceiling and floor. Ceiling and floor vibrate in the feature b2) mentioned resonance in phase (in the same spatial direction), so that the body bends as a whole like a thick plate; in the higher-frequency, third 0-0 body mode, on the other hand, swing the ceiling and The floor is out of phase, thus causing the body to "breathe" out.
- the waveform of the mode mentioned in feature b2) is in 9 is illustrated by lines of equal amplitudes 10. These are centered around the area of the web 12 and describe one Antinode, which is about the shape of the lower outline of the Takes resonance plate [cf. Richardson, B.E. "The acoustical development of the guitar “in: Catgut Acoust. Soc. J. Vol. 2, No. 5 (Series II) May 1994; P. 5; Fig. 4b].
- Feature b3 is the deepest resonance of the Soundboard of the piano or concert grand. This resonance will also with 0.0 mode according to their waveform designated. Their wave form is the same by lines Amplitudes 10 shown in Fig. 10 [see: Kindel: “Modal Analysis and finite element analysis of a piano soundboard "M.S. thesis, University of Cincinnati. Quoted from: Fletcher N.H. and Rossing T.D: "The Physics of Musical Instruments", New York 1998, p. 382].
- Strip elements 14 are cut out of the surface of the resonance plate.
- the proportions of a strip element are derived from the average thickness (D m ) of the strip element as follows: the length L of the strip corresponds to 25 times the thickness D m , the width B of the strip corresponds to 5 times the thickness D m .
- the speed of sound C L of the longitudinal waves in the longitudinal direction of the strip element (strip) is then determined by measurement.
- the resonance method established in the field of structure-borne noise measurement is used for this measurement. It is illustrated in Fig. 11:
- the strip 14 is elastically supported in the two node lines (n 1 and n 2 ) of its first natural bending frequency on elastic bands or foam wedges 15 (free-free boundary conditions).
- the strip is excited sinusoidally via airborne sound.
- a miniature loudspeaker 16 which is connected to a power amplifier 17, is positioned at a distance of approximately 5 mm below one of the two strip ends.
- the sinusoidal signal is generated by a sine generator 18.
- the oscillation response of the strip excited in this way is picked up with the aid of a sound level meter 19.
- the microphone 20 of the sound level meter is positioned at a distance of approximately 1 mm above the end of the strip opposite the loudspeaker.
- the frequency is gradually increased at the sine generator 18 until the natural frequency of the first natural bending vibration of the strip can be read off from the sound level meter by the associated maximum level of the level peak. (The slight natural frequency deviation due to the damping can be neglected here).
- L is the stripe length (in m)
- D m is the mean stripe thickness (in m)
- f 2 is the resonance frequency (in Hz). (If the strip thickness is not constant according to claim 5, the different thicknesses are averaged and an average strip thickness D m is used.)
- m is the total mass (in g) and V the total volume (in m 3 ) of the strip.
- the curve labeled A mapsle
- F spruce
- the curve labeled VS shows the quality quotient Q M for the test strips of the resonance plate according to the invention produced as a fiber composite sandwich.
- the thickness of the resonance plate is dimensioned such that the quality quotient Q M of at least one test strip cut from the resonance plate has at least 90% of the maximum value achievable with the selected fiber composite material. This 90% line 28 is drawn in FIG. 12 for the fiber composite material on which it is based.
- the function VS in FIG. 12 immediately reveals that a Compensation of the natural frequency increases of the resonance plate by Reducing their thickness to deteriorate the acoustic Quality leads.
- the sound necessary natural frequency reduction by increasing the area bounded by the outline of the soundboard.
- the 13 and 14 show an embodiment for this. Because the width the resonance plate in the first approximation in the second power Inherent natural frequencies can be a relatively low one Widening of the outline 23 of the invention, with Fiber composite coating 24 built resonance plate by about 5% compared to the conventional outline 22 (shown in dashed lines) accomplish the required frequency shift.
- the core plate 26 of the resonance plate has, as in FIG. 14, at one Segment shown, according to claim 4 recesses 27, wherein the Total volume of all recesses at most 80%, preferably between 20 and 45% of the total volume of material Core plate is.
- This feature allows an improvement of the Mass-stiffness ratio of the resonance plate.
- claim 5 has the segment of the resonance plate shown in FIG. 14 a different thickness D.
- it has a multidirectional fiber coating based on not parallel arranged fibers 25 there.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Stringed Musical Instruments (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- bei der Violine zwischen 480 und 580 Hz, vorzugsweise zwischen 510 und 550 Hz,
- bei der Viola zwischen 380 und 500 Hz, vorzugsweise zwischen 420 und 460 Hz,
- beim Violoncello zwischen 150 und 210 Hz, vorzugsweise zwischen 170 und 190 Hz,
- beim Kontrabass zwischen 80 und 120 Hz, vorzugsweise zwischen 90 und 110Hz,
Die genannten Resonanzen, insbesondere ihre jeweilige typische Schwingungsform, werden bei den Ausführungsbeispielen noch näher erläutert.
- in Längsrichtung des Bodens 2 verlaufen zwei Knotenlinien 3a und 3b, wobei die linke Knotenlinie 3a durch den Bereich des Stimmstocks 5 verläuft. Der Mittelbereich des Bodens 2 schwingt somit gegenphasig zu seinen beiden seitlichen Rändern. Für die B1-Mode ist diese Querbiegeschwingung des Bodens charakteristisch. Bei einigen wenigen Instrumenten kann beobachtet werden, daß die beiden Knotenlinien 3a und 3b sich im oberen Bereich des Bodens 2 bogenartig zusammenschließen.
- die (weiß gezeichnete) untere rechte Backe 4 der Decke 1 schwingt gegenphasig zu dem den größten Anteil der Deckenfläche einnehmenden (schwarz gezeichneten) Schwingungsbauch im Bereich des Baßbalkens 6, wobei die Knotenlinie 3c, welche diese gegenphasigen Schwingungsbäuche trennt, in der Regel durch den unmittelbaren Nahbereich des Stimmstocks 5, und anschließend durch das rechte (mit "f" bezeichnete) f-Loch verläuft, um den Deckenumriß im Bereich der größten Umrißbreite unten rechts zu verlassen.
Claims (6)
- Resonanzplatte in Faserverbund-Bauweise, enthaltend wenigstens eine aus Langfasern und Trägermaterial bestehende Faserbeschichtung, zur Verwendung für ein akustisches Musikinstrument, insbesondere ein Streichinstrument, gekennzeichnet durch die Kombination folgender Merkmale:a) wenigstens ein aus der Resonanzplatte geschnittener Teststreifen weist einen Qualitätsquotienten (QM = cL/rho) von mindestens 0,02 m4/sg, vorzugsweise von mindestens 0,04 m4/sg auf, wobei cL die Schallgeschwindigkeit (in m/s) der Longitudinalwellen in Längsrichtung des Teststreifens und rho die mittlere Gesamtdichte (in g/m3) des Teststreifens ist;b) der vom Umriß der Resonanzplatte umgrenzte Flächeninhalt der Resonanzplatte ist so groß gewählt, daßb1) die Frequenz der Hauptkorpusresonanz (B1-Mode) von Streichinstrumenten in folgenden Bereichen liegt:bei der Violine zwischen 480 und 580 Hz, vorzugsweise zwischen 510 und 550 Hz,bei der Viola zwischen 380 und 500 Hz, vorzugsweise zwischen 420 und 460 Hz,beim Violoncello zwischen 150 und 210 Hz, vorzugsweise zwischen 170 und 190 Hz,beim Kontrabass zwischen 80 und 120 Hz, vorzugsweise zwischen 90 und 110 Hz,b2) die Frequenz der zweittiefsten Korpusresonanz (0,0-Mode) bei der Gitarre zwischen 180 und 240 Hz, vorzugsweise zwischen 190 und 220 Hz, liegt,b3) die Frequenz der tiefsten Resonanz (0,0-Mode) des Klavier- bzw. Konzertflügelresonanzbodens zwischen 40 und 60 Hz, vorzugsweise zwischen 45 und 55 Hz, liegt.
- Resonanzplatte nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch eine solche Dicke der Resonanzplatte, daß für den vorgegebenen Faserverbund-Werkstoff der Qualitätsquotient QM wenigstens eines aus der Resonanzplatte geschnittenen Teststreifens wenigstens 90% des mit diesem Faserverbund-Werkstoff erzielbaren Maximalwerts aufweist.
- Resonanzplatte nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine Kernplatte und wenigstens eine aus Langfasern und Trägermaterial bestehende äußere Faserbeschichtung enthält.
- Resonanzplatte nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kernplatte innerhalb der durch den Umriß der Resonanzplatte umgrenzten Fläche wenigstens eine Aussparung aufweist, wobei das Gesamtvolumen aller Aussparungen höchstens 80 %, vorzugsweise zwischen 20 und 45 %, des von Material erfüllten Gesamtvolumens der Kernplatte beträgt.
- Resonanzplatte nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß einzelne Bereiche der Kernplatte eine unterschiedliche Dicke aufweisen.
- Resonanzplatte nach Anspruch 1, daß die Faserbeschichtung einlagig und zugleich multidirektional ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10041357 | 2000-08-23 | ||
| DE10041357 | 2000-08-23 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1182641A2 true EP1182641A2 (de) | 2002-02-27 |
| EP1182641A3 EP1182641A3 (de) | 2003-09-10 |
| EP1182641B1 EP1182641B1 (de) | 2005-11-09 |
Family
ID=7653500
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01119532A Expired - Lifetime EP1182642B1 (de) | 2000-08-23 | 2001-08-14 | Resonanzplatte in Faserverbund-Bauweise |
| EP01119531A Expired - Lifetime EP1182641B1 (de) | 2000-08-23 | 2001-08-14 | Resonanzplatte in Faserverbund-Bauweise |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01119532A Expired - Lifetime EP1182642B1 (de) | 2000-08-23 | 2001-08-14 | Resonanzplatte in Faserverbund-Bauweise |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US6610915B2 (de) |
| EP (2) | EP1182642B1 (de) |
| AT (2) | ATE309596T1 (de) |
| DE (3) | DE50107960D1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005027424A1 (de) * | 2005-06-14 | 2006-12-28 | Martin Schleske | Verfahren zur Verbesserung der akustischen Eigenschaften von Klangholz für Musikinstrumente |
| DE102006058849A1 (de) * | 2006-12-13 | 2008-06-19 | Martin Schleske | Verfahren zur Verbesserung der akustischen Eigenschaften von Fichtenklangholz für Musikinstrumente |
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| US7151210B2 (en) * | 2002-09-26 | 2006-12-19 | Fender Musical Instruments Corporation | Solid body acoustic guitar |
| US6777601B1 (en) * | 2003-04-28 | 2004-08-17 | Gregory L. Kerfoot | Stringed musical instrument soundboard system |
| US7276868B2 (en) * | 2004-03-29 | 2007-10-02 | Allred Iii Jimmie B | Carbon-fiber laminate musical instrument sound board |
| DE102004041011A1 (de) | 2004-08-24 | 2006-03-02 | Martin Schleske | Resonanzplatte in Faserverbund-Bauweise für akustische Musikinstrumente |
| DE102004041010A1 (de) | 2004-08-24 | 2006-03-02 | Martin Schleske | Resonanzplatte in Faserverbund-Bauweise für akustische Saiteninstrumente |
| WO2006024210A1 (fr) * | 2004-09-01 | 2006-03-09 | Guobao Wang | Violon a integrite structurale |
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| US7795513B2 (en) * | 2007-01-03 | 2010-09-14 | Luttwak Joseph E | Stringed musical instruments, and methods of making the same |
| US7763784B2 (en) * | 2007-01-03 | 2010-07-27 | Luttwak Joseph E | Stringed musical instruments and methods of making thereof |
| US20080202309A1 (en) * | 2007-02-22 | 2008-08-28 | Wiswell John R | Musical instrument and method of construction therefor |
| CN101393551B (zh) * | 2007-09-17 | 2011-03-23 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | 专利全文检索的索引建立系统及方法 |
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| US7687695B2 (en) * | 2008-01-28 | 2010-03-30 | Dejule Michael Clement | Anti-wolf-note resonator assembly for a string instrument and method of assembling the same |
| JP5593613B2 (ja) * | 2009-02-12 | 2014-09-24 | ヤマハ株式会社 | 音響用木質材料及びその製造方法並びにアコースティック楽器 |
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| JP2014504742A (ja) * | 2010-12-28 | 2014-02-24 | アンドレアス・ヘリング | 弦楽器の音質を改善するためのエレメント |
| US8450587B2 (en) * | 2011-08-16 | 2013-05-28 | Mcp Ip, Llc | Bracing system for stringed instrument |
| EP2839457A4 (de) * | 2012-04-16 | 2016-03-16 | Nicholas Joseph Shopa | Pianoplattenbaugruppe und verfahren zur herstellung davon |
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| US5905219A (en) | 1996-01-17 | 1999-05-18 | Westheimer; Jack L. | Stringed musical instrument body and neck composition and method of making body and neck |
| JP4055962B2 (ja) * | 1996-03-11 | 2008-03-05 | ヤマハ株式会社 | ピアノの響板 |
| US5895872A (en) | 1996-08-22 | 1999-04-20 | Chase; Douglas S. | Composite structure for a stringed instrument |
-
2001
- 2001-08-14 AT AT01119531T patent/ATE309596T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-08-14 AT AT01119532T patent/ATE309597T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-08-14 DE DE50107960T patent/DE50107960D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-14 EP EP01119532A patent/EP1182642B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-14 DE DE50107961T patent/DE50107961D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-14 EP EP01119531A patent/EP1182641B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-14 DE DE20113495U patent/DE20113495U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-23 US US09/935,972 patent/US6610915B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-08-23 US US09/935,975 patent/US6770804B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-08-23 US US09/935,973 patent/US6737568B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005027424A1 (de) * | 2005-06-14 | 2006-12-28 | Martin Schleske | Verfahren zur Verbesserung der akustischen Eigenschaften von Klangholz für Musikinstrumente |
| DE102006058849A1 (de) * | 2006-12-13 | 2008-06-19 | Martin Schleske | Verfahren zur Verbesserung der akustischen Eigenschaften von Fichtenklangholz für Musikinstrumente |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20020066353A1 (en) | 2002-06-06 |
| US20020066354A1 (en) | 2002-06-06 |
| US20020069743A1 (en) | 2002-06-13 |
| DE50107961D1 (de) | 2005-12-15 |
| EP1182642B1 (de) | 2005-11-09 |
| ATE309597T1 (de) | 2005-11-15 |
| EP1182642A3 (de) | 2003-11-26 |
| EP1182642A2 (de) | 2002-02-27 |
| EP1182641B1 (de) | 2005-11-09 |
| DE50107960D1 (de) | 2005-12-15 |
| EP1182641A3 (de) | 2003-09-10 |
| DE20113495U1 (de) | 2001-10-31 |
| ATE309596T1 (de) | 2005-11-15 |
| US6770804B2 (en) | 2004-08-03 |
| US6737568B2 (en) | 2004-05-18 |
| US6610915B2 (en) | 2003-08-26 |
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