EP1180944B1 - Compositions containing creatine in suspension - Google Patents
Compositions containing creatine in suspension Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1180944B1 EP1180944B1 EP00935367A EP00935367A EP1180944B1 EP 1180944 B1 EP1180944 B1 EP 1180944B1 EP 00935367 A EP00935367 A EP 00935367A EP 00935367 A EP00935367 A EP 00935367A EP 1180944 B1 EP1180944 B1 EP 1180944B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- creatine
- composition according
- composition
- solid
- gum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- CVSVTCORWBXHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N creatine Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])N(C)CC([O-])=O CVSVTCORWBXHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 236
- 229960003624 creatine Drugs 0.000 title claims description 118
- 239000006046 creatine Substances 0.000 title claims description 118
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 85
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title description 11
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N creatinine Chemical compound CN1CC(=O)NC1=N DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 229940109239 creatinine Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- MEJYXFHCRXAUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[carbamimidoyl(methyl)amino]acetic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.NC(=N)N(C)CC(O)=O MEJYXFHCRXAUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229960004826 creatine monohydrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000206575 Chondrus crispus Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- DRBBFCLWYRJSJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phosphocreatine Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(C)C(=N)NP(O)(O)=O DRBBFCLWYRJSJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000591 gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 colorings Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008122 artificial sweetener Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021311 artificial sweeteners Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000926 Galactomannan Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002148 Gellan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000161 Locust bean gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010419 agar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012213 gelatinous substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010420 locust bean gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000711 locust bean gum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010491 tara gum Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000213 tara gum Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 13
- 235000014104 aloe vera supplement Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 description 5
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N (D)-(+)-Pantothenic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 4
- ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-N Adenosine triphosphate Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Adenosine triphosphate Natural products C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1C1OC(COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)C(O)C1O ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N Riboflavin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960001456 adenosine triphosphate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000013351 cheese Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxine Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JZRWCGZRTZMZEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiamine Chemical compound CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N JZRWCGZRTZMZEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108010011485 Aspartame Proteins 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000004420 Creatine Kinase Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010042126 Creatine kinase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000003855 L-lactate dehydrogenase Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108700023483 L-lactate dehydrogenases Proteins 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000013009 Pyruvate Kinase Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108020005115 Pyruvate Kinase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000605 aspartame Substances 0.000 description 3
- IAOZJIPTCAWIRG-QWRGUYRKSA-N aspartame Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)OC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IAOZJIPTCAWIRG-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000010357 aspartame Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N cocaine Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@@H](N2C)[C@H]1C(=O)OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 229960001031 glucose Drugs 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229930027945 nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide Natural products 0.000 description 3
- BOPGDPNILDQYTO-NNYOXOHSSA-N nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide Chemical compound C1=CCC(C(=O)N)=CN1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O2)N2C3=NC=NC(N)=C3N=C2)O)O1 BOPGDPNILDQYTO-NNYOXOHSSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 210000002027 skeletal muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- SPFMQWBKVUQXJV-BTVCFUMJSA-N (2r,3s,4r,5r)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O SPFMQWBKVUQXJV-BTVCFUMJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chick antidermatitis factor Natural products OCC(C)(C)C(O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-Lyxoflavin Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-N NAD zwitterion Chemical group NC(=O)C1=CC=C[N+]([C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O3)N3C4=NC=NC(N)=C4N=C3)O)O2)O)=C1 BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OENHQHLEOONYIE-UKMVMLAPSA-N all-trans beta-carotene Natural products CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-UKMVMLAPSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- AGVAZMGAQJOSFJ-WZHZPDAFSA-M cobalt(2+);[(2r,3s,4r,5s)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2r)-1-[3-[(1r,2r,3r,4z,7s,9z,12s,13s,14z,17s,18s,19r)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2 Chemical compound [Co+2].N#[C-].[N-]([C@@H]1[C@H](CC(N)=O)[C@@]2(C)CCC(=O)NC[C@@H](C)OP(O)(=O)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]3CO)N3C4=CC(C)=C(C)C=C4N=C3)O)\C2=C(C)/C([C@H](C\2(C)C)CCC(N)=O)=N/C/2=C\C([C@H]([C@@]/2(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=N\C\2=C(C)/C2=N[C@]1(C)[C@@](C)(CC(N)=O)[C@@H]2CCC(N)=O AGVAZMGAQJOSFJ-WZHZPDAFSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt (1:1), (2E,4E)- Chemical compound [K+].CC=CC=CC([O-])=O CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBZFUFAFFUEMEI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acesulfame k Chemical compound [K+].CC1=CC(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)O1 WBZFUFAFFUEMEI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000001270 Allium sibiricum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000002961 Aloe barbadensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017399 Caesalpinia tinctoria Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 240000006432 Carica papaya Species 0.000 description 1
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Definitions
- This invention relates to compositions for human consumption comprising creatine in suspension and to a method of providing stable creatine containing compositions.
- WO94/02127 discloses the administration of creatine in amounts of at least 15g (or 0.2-0.4 g/kg body weight) per day, for at least 2 days, for increasing muscular strength.
- Creatine supplementation in an appropriate dose can provide improvements to athletes involved in explosive events, which include all events lasting from a few seconds to a few minutes (such as sprinting, swimming, weight-lifting etc). Endurance performance in events lasting longer than about 30 minutes appears to be unaffected by creatine supplementation. Creatine is a normal food component and is not a drug and its use is not contrary to official regulations. The biggest benefits of supplementation can be experienced by the elderly, vegetarians or those who eat no meat or fish since these people tend to have low muscle creatine content.
- Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis) is a member of the lily family and is a cactus-like succulent plant that grows in warm frost-free climates. Central American Mexican Indians used Aloe Vera for centuries as a remedy for burns, to prevent blisters, peptic and duodenal ulcers and all types of stomach and intestinal disorders, kidney infections, topical and gastric ulcers as well as to promote longevity.
- Today Aloe Vera is becoming very popular and its benefits are scientifically recognized.
- Aloe Vera refers to the plant
- Aloe Vera extract refers to compositions prepared by processing the Aloe Vera (e.g. mashing, pulping, cutting, juicing and the like).
- Aloe Vera gel and Aloe Vera juice are examples of Aloe Vera extract.
- Aloe Vera The main use of Aloe Vera in the past has been to prevent inflammation, particularly to the skin, especially after burns, but there are many other uses. Experiments and research studies have shown that after using Aloe Vera juice, the output of the digestive enzymes and the bacterial population of the intestines are improved. Thus there has been an increasing interest in Aloe Vera extract as a medicament to be taken orally as people become more acquainted with its medicinal properties
- Aloe Vera juice is acidic (commonly about pH3). It is well known that creatine is unstable in aqueous solutions at acid or neutral pH, and is converted into the related compound creatinine. This is highly significant as creatinine has no muscle performance-enhancing effect and is excreted from the human body as a waste product in urine.
- EP 0 669 083 teaches that aqueous drinks for human consumption comprising creatine must be weakly alkaline, in order to prevent the conversion of creatine into creatinine, and this has become the generally accepted opinion.
- creatine has been used in the past only for the preparation of products with a meaty or savoury flavour.
- Tonsbeek (US 3,615,600) discloses and is concerned with artificial flavouring mixtures which can impart a meaty .flavour to foods.
- Similary de Rooji (US 4, 464, 409) is concerned with meat flavouring.
- Yamazaki (JP-A-59035663) prepares a meat flavour by heating a mixture comprising creatine at pH 5.0-7.0 at temperature of 80-130°C for 30 to 120 minutes. Under these conditions most of the creatine would be converted to creatinine.
- compositions containing creatine are known from e.g., WO 9745026, WO 9402127, WO 0010408, EP 0 669 083, and EP 0 370 994.
- compositions in accordance with the invention comprise creatine in solid form (e.g. as crystals, powder or the like), distributed within an edible viscous liquid or semi-liquid, or a solid, supporting matrix, typically such that settling (under the influence of gravity) of the solid creatine is inhibited or (preferably) prevented.
- the creatine content of the composition may be present as any active form of creatine (e.g. creatine phosphate), but creatine monohydrate is found particularly convenient as a source of creatine.
- the creatine content of the composition is preferably subjected to a micronization process (e.g. crushing, pulverizing, powdering and the like) prior to incorporation into the matrix, so that the resulting composition is not unacceptably "gritty" in texture.
- composition may be provided in solid, liquid or semi-liquid form (e.g. as a drink, soup or yogurt).
- the creatine will be distributed substantially evenly throughout the supporting matrix (by homogenizing in some manner e.g. by stirring, blending and the like), which may be accomplished manually (e.g. by the consumer) and/or mechanically at the time the composition is prepared.
- the supporting matrix is a recognised foodstuff, such that a composition in accordance with the invention may take the form of an otherwise conventional foodstuff, supplemented with creatine, such that solid creatine becomes suspended in the foodstuff.
- foodstuffs which may represent suitable supporting matrices for the composition of the invention include spreadable solids such as dairy or cheese spreads, margarines, caviar (mainly lump fish caviar) spread, and other fish pastes and spreads (eg. buckling paste i.e. a paste made from smoked baltic herring) meat spreads, and the like.
- Other convenient supporting matrices are those comprising sugars or other carbohydrates, such as liquid (“runny") or solid (“set”) honey, molasses, syrup (e.g. corn syrup, glucose syrup), treacle or "Maxim Energy Gel”TM.
- the viscosity of the edible matrix and/or the composition as a whole may be increased by the addition of viscosifiers, gelling agents and the like.
- Such components are well-known in the food industry and include, for example, plant-derived or algal-derived polysaccharides, gums and the like, such as galactomannans, dextrans, guar gum, locust bean gum, xanthan gum, carrageen, carrageenan, traganth, acacia, tara, gellan and so on.
- Other materials suitable for use in the composition include gelatinous substances (e.g. gelatine) or thickening agents such as alginates, agar or pectins.
- One edible matrix comprises a gel prepared from concentrated Aloe Vera extract: a smooth creamy paste (suitable for packaging in a squeezable tube) may be prepared by mixing 5gms of creatine with 20mls of a concentrated Aloe Vera gel (such as that obtainable from Aloe Commodities Int. Inc., farmers Branch, TX75234).
- a concentrated Aloe Vera gel such as that obtainable from Aloe Commodities Int. Inc., farmers Branch, TX75234.
- edible matrices comprising a plant-derived or algal-derived polysaccharide or gum.
- the present inventors have previously found that the conversion of creatine to creatinine in acidic aqueous solutions can be markedly inhibited by storage of creatine-containing solutions below ambient temperature.
- the inventors have now found that, by providing creatine in the form of a suspension, rather than in solution, conversion to creatinine (even in an acidic composition) can be greatly inhibited or even substantially prevented even at ambient (i.e. 20-25°C) temperature.
- the composition as a whole (and/or the supporting matrix in isolation) may conveniently be selected to be acidic (i.e. have a pH below 7.0), without significantly adversely affecting the stability of the creatine content of the composition.
- the composition desirably has a pH between 2.5 and 6.5, preferably between 3.0 and 6.0.
- the composition has a pH in the range 3.5 to 5.5 which, to the human palate, has a refreshingly sharp taste without being too acidic.
- compositions in accordance with the invention are substantially stable so that creatine may be presented in acidic formulations, contrary to the teaching of the art, in physiologically useful amounts, even following storage for prolonged periods at ambient temperature.
- a physiologically effective amount of creatine is an amount sufficient to cause a measurable increase in the creatine content of the tissues of a subject following repeated consumption of the composition (e.g. over a 7 day period), relative to an initial baseline level.
- substantially stable is herein defined as referring to a composition in which at least 75 % of the original creatine in the composition is unchanged into creatinine for a period of at least 7 days' storage at ambient (20-25°C) temperature. Desirably the composition will be sufficiently stable that 75% of the creatine remains following a period of at least 31 days', more preferably 45 days', and most preferably at least 73 days' storage at ambient temperature.
- the composition may comprise one or more further components to improve its palatability, stability, flavour or nutritive quality.
- these further components may be selected from the group consisting of: electrolytes, vitamins, lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, trace elements, colourings, flavours, artificial sweeteners, natural health improving substances, anti-oxidants, stabilizers, preservatives, and buffers.
- the composition may be unflavoured or where the edible matrix is a recognised foodstuff (e.g. honey or syrup), the composition may have the normal flavour of the matrix. Alternatively, exogenous flavouring may be added (e.g. fruit, cheese or fish flavour).
- Vitamins may be included with advantage in the composition of the invention.
- the following vitamins may be added in amounts which range from 20 to 100% of their recommended daily allowance (RDA).
- RDA recommended daily allowance
- lipid component may be desirable.
- the carbohydrate content (if any) or the composition may be present as starch (particularly soluble starch) and/or sugars.
- the sugars which may be present in the composition include glucose, fructose, sucrose, and maltose.
- Artificial sweeteners which can be used include Aspartame, Acesulfam K, Saccharin and Cyclamate. Almost any desired flavoring can be added, most preferably fruity flavors such as berry, lemon, orange, papaya and grapefruit. Citric acid may also be used as an acidulant and citrate (e.g. sodium citrate) as a buffering agent. Also other natural health improving substances may be added in physiologically active amounts. The following are typical of those which are useful: Pan D'Arco tea, Ginseng, Suma tea, Ginkgo, bee pollen, myrrh.
- Preservatives can be provided typically by potassium benzoate and/or potassium sorbate.
- Colouring can be provided, typically by using a cold water soluble colourant such as beta-carotene. Other suitable colourings will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
- a clouding agent may be included in the composition, if desired, to improve the appearance of the composition.
- the mineral and trace elements can also be added in any type or form which is suitable for human consumption. It is convenient to provide the calcium and potassium in the form of their gluconates, phosphates or hydrogen phosphates, and magnesium as the oxide or carbonate, chromium as chromium picolinate, selenium as sodium selenite or selenate, and zinc as zinc gluconate. Typically the amounts are:- sodium at 400mg/litre, calcium at 100mg/litre, chloride at 600mg/litre, potassium at 200mg/litre, magnesium at 75mg/litre and phosphorus at 50mg/litre, chromium at 125 g/litre, selenium at 125 g/litre and zinc at 15mg/litre.
- the amount of creatine per litre of per Kg of prepared composition may range from 5 to 300g, with a preferred content of about 50g per litre.
- the normal serving size is in the range 50-330ml, providing about 1-10g (preferably about 3-5g) of creatine.
- the recommended consumption is 500ml per day divided in 4 or 5 parts per day to achieve creatine saturation. This is followed by 1 serving of 50-250ml per day containing about 3g of creatine to provide a maintenance level of creatine.
- the invention provides a method of preparing a creatine containing composition for human consumption in which the creatine is substantially stable, the method comprising the steps of providing creatine in solid form; and mixing the solid creatine with an edible supporting matrix so as to distribute the solid creatine within the supporting matrix.
- the method typically will comprise the further step of packaging the composition.
- the composition may be packaged in any of a number of conventional packages (e.g. jars, tins, plastic containers, pots, squeezable tubes and the like).
- the invention provides a method of storing creatine in stable form, the method comprising the steps of providing creatine in solid form; mixing the solid creatine with an edible supporting matrix so as to suspend the creatine therein; and storing the suspended creatine at ambient temperature or below.
- Figure 1 is a graph of % creatine remaining against time (in weeks).
- Creatine monohydrate suspended in Maxim Energy Gel, syrup and liquid honey formed a scum on the surface (i.e. floated to the top) which had to be well mixed in on sampling. This was least with the syrup. No scum was formed with the solid honey which formed a suspension most readily.
- creatine When suspended, creatine is stable at room temperature at pHs where it would normally be degraded to creatinine if in solution.
- creatine is suspended in spreads (such as cheese spread, caviar spread [popular in Scandinavia], smoked fish spread [also popular in Scandinavia - e.g. buckling paste]) contained in tubes. Since usually these are stored at temperatures below ambient (e.g. refrigerated at 4-6°C) this would further enhance stability upon storage.
- spreads such as cheese spread, caviar spread [popular in Scandinavia], smoked fish spread [also popular in Scandinavia - e.g. buckling paste]
- This example describes the detailed formulation of an acidic composition in accordance with the invention.
- the composition takes the form of a dry powder, which is to be suspended in an edible matrix to constitute a foodstuff comprising creatine and Aloe Vera extract.
- Ingredients Dextrose Monohydrate 300g Citric Acid 32g Pectin (stabilizer) 6.0g Salt 5.0g Trisodium Citrate 5.0g Beta Carotene 3.0g Potassium Chloride 2.9g Grapefruit Flavour 2.9g Tricalcium Phosphate 2.1g Heavy Magnesium Carbonate 2.1g Vitamin Premix 1.8g Lemon Flavour 1.4g Orange Flavour 1.4g Aspartame 1.0g Creatine Monohydrate 88g Lyophilized Aloe Vera extract 7.6g
- About 63g of the above mixture when suspended in 1 litre of matrix provides, per 150ml serving, about 3g creatine, 0.6g Aloe Vera extract, (equivalent to 120ml juice), energy kJ 203 (kcal 48, assuming a zero calorie content for the supporting matrix), 11.1g carbohydrate, 156 mg chloride, 100mg sodium, 52mg potassium, 26mg calcium, 19.5mg magnesium, 13mg phosphorus, vitamins (vitamin E 3.4mg, vitamin C 16.2mg, Thiamin 0.3mg, Riboflavin 0.4mg, Niacin 5.0mg, vitamin B6 0.4mg, Folacin 85 g, vitamin B12 0.9 g, Biotin 0.08mg and Pantothenic acid 2.2mg) and traces of protein, fat, and fiber and has a pH of about 3.8.
- This example relates to another embodiment of the invention.
- the formulation is as in example 2 above, except that the 300g dextrose monohydrate is omitted and the aspartame content is increased to 2.5g to compensate.
- this formulation When 5.3g of this formulation is suspended in 250ml of matrix, it provides an almost calorie free food (assuming a non-calorific supporting matrix is used) containing creatine and electrolytes which is nutritionally useful to those wishing to lose or maintain their weight.
- the object of this trial was to examine the stability of micronized creatine suspended in a matrix of Aloe Vera gel at room temperature for several weeks.
- micronized creatine Although the micronized creatine remained suspended initially, after several days solid particles of micronized creatine were visible on the bottom of the vessel. It was concluded that at high concentrations of creatine in Aloe Vera gel (e.g. 5g per 100g and 10g per 100g) micronized creatine mixtures were substantially stable. However the settling out of the micronized creatine indicated that this preparation would be unsuitable for storage and use over several weeks. Concentration of creatine (g/100g) in Aloe Vera gel after storage at room temperature, and (percentage creatine remaining).
- the object of this trial was to examine the stability of micronized creatine at room temperature for several weeks, when suspended in a composition having an edible matrix comprising Aloe Vera gel and either xanthan gum or carrageen gum.
- Example 5 Concentrated Aloe Vera gel and micronized creatine were obtained as described in Example 5.
- a solution of xanthan gum or carageen in the Aloe Vera gel was made by dissolving 2g solid gum in 100ml Aloe Vera gel by heating and stirring.
- To 100ml solution kept at 40°C was slowly added a slurry of 4g micronized creatine in 20ml water, and the mixture well stirred for 3 min using a vortex mixer to give a gel in which the micronized creatine was uniformly suspended.
- the whole mixture was subsequently cooled rapidly to room temperature when the suspension formed a semi-solid gel with a pH value of 5.0.
- Each mixture was kept at room temperature (23°C) for several weeks and an aliquot (5g) was taken at baseline (immediately after mixing) at 2 weeks and then again after 9 weeks. Creatine was analysed by the method described in Example 1.
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Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/324,119 US6168802B1 (en) | 1996-05-31 | 1999-06-02 | Compositions containing creatine and aloe vera extract |
US324119 | 1999-06-02 | ||
US09/419,922 US6274161B1 (en) | 1996-05-31 | 1999-10-18 | Compositions containing creatine in suspension |
US419922 | 1999-10-18 | ||
PCT/GB2000/002091 WO2000074500A1 (en) | 1999-06-02 | 2000-06-01 | Compositions containing creatine in suspension |
Publications (2)
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EP1180944B1 true EP1180944B1 (en) | 2004-02-11 |
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EP00935367A Expired - Lifetime EP1180944B1 (en) | 1999-06-02 | 2000-06-01 | Compositions containing creatine in suspension |
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US (1) | US6274161B1 (pt) |
EP (1) | EP1180944B1 (pt) |
JP (1) | JP2003501057A (pt) |
KR (2) | KR100759147B1 (pt) |
CN (1) | CN1161036C (pt) |
AR (1) | AR027190A1 (pt) |
AT (1) | ATE259162T1 (pt) |
AU (1) | AU777053B2 (pt) |
BR (1) | BR0011244B1 (pt) |
CA (1) | CA2374102C (pt) |
DE (1) | DE60008238T2 (pt) |
DK (1) | DK1180944T3 (pt) |
EA (1) | EA003376B1 (pt) |
ES (1) | ES2215667T3 (pt) |
GB (1) | GB2351648A (pt) |
HK (1) | HK1043513B (pt) |
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NO (1) | NO323058B1 (pt) |
NZ (1) | NZ515677A (pt) |
PL (1) | PL196541B1 (pt) |
WO (1) | WO2000074500A1 (pt) |
Families Citing this family (26)
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US7150880B2 (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 2006-12-19 | The Original Creatine Patent Co. Ltd. | Compositions containing creatine and creatinine and a methyl xanthine |
US6524611B2 (en) | 1996-05-31 | 2003-02-25 | The Howard Foundation | Compositions containing creatine and creatinine |
US8128955B2 (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 2012-03-06 | The Original Creatine Patent Company | Food compositions containing creatine |
US7504376B2 (en) | 1996-08-12 | 2009-03-17 | Natural Alternatives International | Methods and compositions for increasing the anaerobic working capacity in tissues |
US5965596A (en) | 1997-08-12 | 1999-10-12 | Harris; Roger | Methods and compositions for increasing the anaerobic working capacity in tissue |
US6413552B1 (en) * | 2000-11-27 | 2002-07-02 | David M. Stoll | Topically applied creatine containing composition |
US20020150627A1 (en) * | 2001-01-26 | 2002-10-17 | Stout Jeffrey Ray | Composition containing creatine and phosphorus |
WO2002069740A1 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2002-09-12 | The Howard Foundation | Compositions containing creatine and creatinine |
WO2003026439A1 (en) * | 2001-09-25 | 2003-04-03 | Vitalstate Canada Ltd. | A starch-based delivery system for creatine |
US20040013732A1 (en) * | 2001-09-25 | 2004-01-22 | Michael Farber | Starch-based delivery system for creatine |
DE10159244A1 (de) * | 2001-12-03 | 2003-06-18 | Degussa Bioactives Deutschland | Feste und stabile Kreatin/Citronensäure-Zusammensetzung(en) und Kohlenhydrat(e) bzw. deren Hydrate enthaltende Formulierung, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
US7067150B2 (en) | 2002-04-16 | 2006-06-27 | Scepter Holdings, Inc. | Delivery systems for functional ingredients |
EP1454530A1 (de) * | 2003-03-03 | 2004-09-08 | Alfred Wolf | Gemisch aus einem Träger und Aloe Vera, Lebensmittel, umfassend ein Aloe Vera Gel, ein Aloe Vera Pulver und/oder das Gemisch, sowie die Verwendung von Aloe Vera Gel, Aloe Vera Pulver und/oder des Gemischs bei der Herstellung von Lebensmitteln |
US20080160086A1 (en) * | 2004-02-19 | 2008-07-03 | Scepter Holdings, Inc. | Delivery Systems For Calcium |
GB0411985D0 (en) * | 2004-05-28 | 2004-06-30 | Howard Foundation Holdings Ltd | Food compositions containing creatine |
CA2577963C (en) * | 2004-08-25 | 2015-10-06 | Mtor Formulations Ltd. | Compositions and methods for activating protein synthesis and deactivating catabolic processes in skeletal muscle |
DK1883406T3 (en) | 2005-05-23 | 2016-08-15 | Natural Alternatives Int Inc | COMPOSITIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR LONG-TERM RELEASE OF BETA-ALANINE |
JP2007209231A (ja) * | 2006-02-08 | 2007-08-23 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | クレアチン含有食品組成物 |
DE102007062288A1 (de) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-06-25 | Alzchem Trostberg Gmbh | Kreatin-Zubereitung und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
US8703719B1 (en) | 2009-05-18 | 2014-04-22 | Bio-Engineered Supplements And Nutrition, Inc. | Method and composition for improved muscle performance |
US20110039928A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 | 2011-02-17 | Golini Jeffrey M | Cetylated fatty acid and alkali buffered creatine anti-inflammatory composition |
GB201107308D0 (en) | 2011-05-03 | 2011-06-15 | Gorman Edward O | Oral rehydration products comprising creatine |
RS20120069A1 (en) * | 2012-02-23 | 2013-10-31 | Miloš mr MOGOROVIĆ | DRY CONCENTRATE OF A REFRESHING DRINK SUITABLE FOR DIABETES AND PEOPLE ON REDUCED NUTRITION AND PROCESS OF ITS OBTAINING |
GB2523578A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-02 | Daniel Nelson | A nutritional supplement |
CN104173396B (zh) * | 2014-07-25 | 2017-09-26 | 中国人民解放军第三0二医院 | 人面子叶提取物混悬剂及制备方法和应用 |
US11154499B2 (en) | 2018-03-27 | 2021-10-26 | Thermolife International, Llc | Creatine and/or creatinine compositions and related methods |
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NL155719B (nl) | 1967-01-20 | 1978-02-15 | Unilever Nv | Werkwijze ter bereiding van smaakstofmengsels met een vleessmaak. |
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NL8100815A (nl) | 1981-02-19 | 1982-09-16 | Unilever Nv | Werkwijze ter bereiding van 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2,3-dihydrofuran-3-on, alsmede werkwijze voor het wijzigen van de organoleptische eigenschappen van levensmiddelen en de aldus verkregen levensmiddelen. |
JPS5925663A (ja) | 1982-08-02 | 1984-02-09 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | ビ−フフレ−バ−調味料の製造法 |
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ATE83658T1 (de) * | 1988-11-25 | 1993-01-15 | Lubec Gert | Behandlung von durch glucose ausgeloester quervernetzung von collagen bei diabetes mellitus-patienten durch arginin, spermidin, kreatin oder agmatin. |
IT1240336B (it) * | 1990-03-21 | 1993-12-07 | Setra | Composizioni farmaceutiche,dietetiche o veterinarie ad attivita' eumetabolica |
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IT1275434B (it) | 1995-05-19 | 1997-08-07 | Farmila Farma Milano | Composizioni farmaceutiche e/o dietetiche ad attivita' antiossidante |
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GB9611356D0 (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1996-08-07 | Howard Alan N | Improvements in or relating to compositions containing Creatine, and other ergogenic compounds |
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WO2000010408A1 (en) * | 1998-08-21 | 2000-03-02 | Muscletech Research And Development Inc. | Food supplements comprising lipoic acid and creatine and methods for their use |
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1999
- 1999-10-18 US US09/419,922 patent/US6274161B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-06-01 AT AT00935367T patent/ATE259162T1/de active
- 2000-06-01 CN CNB008092796A patent/CN1161036C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-06-01 DK DK00935367T patent/DK1180944T3/da active
- 2000-06-01 AU AU50913/00A patent/AU777053B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-06-01 NZ NZ515677A patent/NZ515677A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-06-01 KR KR1020017015543A patent/KR100759147B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-06-01 WO PCT/GB2000/002091 patent/WO2000074500A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-06-01 DE DE60008238T patent/DE60008238T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-01 JP JP2001501049A patent/JP2003501057A/ja active Pending
- 2000-06-01 PL PL351869A patent/PL196541B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-06-01 KR KR1020077009913A patent/KR100836976B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-06-01 CA CA2374102A patent/CA2374102C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-06-01 EP EP00935367A patent/EP1180944B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-01 MX MXPA01012305A patent/MXPA01012305A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2000-06-01 GB GB0013372A patent/GB2351648A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-06-01 BR BRPI0011244-5A patent/BR0011244B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-06-01 ES ES00935367T patent/ES2215667T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-01 EA EA200101275A patent/EA003376B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-10-12 AR ARP000105364A patent/AR027190A1/es active IP Right Grant
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2001
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