EP1169947B1 - Chaise, notamment chaise de bureau - Google Patents

Chaise, notamment chaise de bureau Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1169947B1
EP1169947B1 EP01114037A EP01114037A EP1169947B1 EP 1169947 B1 EP1169947 B1 EP 1169947B1 EP 01114037 A EP01114037 A EP 01114037A EP 01114037 A EP01114037 A EP 01114037A EP 1169947 B1 EP1169947 B1 EP 1169947B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
seat support
rack
chair
seat
detent arrangement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01114037A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1169947A1 (fr
Inventor
Konrad Wild
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dauphin Entwicklungs und Beteiligungs GmbH
Original Assignee
Friedrich W Dauphin GmbH and Co
Dauphin Entwicklungs und Beteiligungs GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Friedrich W Dauphin GmbH and Co, Dauphin Entwicklungs und Beteiligungs GmbH filed Critical Friedrich W Dauphin GmbH and Co
Priority to DK01114037T priority Critical patent/DK1169947T3/da
Publication of EP1169947A1 publication Critical patent/EP1169947A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1169947B1 publication Critical patent/EP1169947B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
    • A47C1/00—Chairs adapted for special purposes
    • A47C1/02—Reclining or easy chairs
    • A47C1/031—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts
    • A47C1/032—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest
    • A47C1/03255—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest with a central column, e.g. rocking office chairs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
    • A47C1/00—Chairs adapted for special purposes
    • A47C1/02—Reclining or easy chairs
    • A47C1/031—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts
    • A47C1/032—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest
    • A47C1/03261—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest characterised by elastic means
    • A47C1/03266—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest characterised by elastic means with adjustable elasticity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
    • A47C1/00—Chairs adapted for special purposes
    • A47C1/02—Reclining or easy chairs
    • A47C1/031—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts
    • A47C1/032—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest
    • A47C1/03261—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest characterised by elastic means
    • A47C1/03283—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest characterised by elastic means with fluid springs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a chair, in particular an office chair, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a generic chair is known from EP 0 584 620 A1.
  • This has a front seat support part in which a with respect to this pivotable bearing part is arranged.
  • By the pivoting can the inclination of the seat support relative to the chair column can be adjusted.
  • To lock this pivotal movement is a disk pack locking device provided in which lamella packages each other oppress. Along the pivoting direction, the lock is thus by friction. This has the disadvantage that at larger on the locking device acting forces, such as by heavyweight users, a perfect lock can not be guaranteed.
  • a chair with a locking device for Locking or releasing different inclinations of a seat support opposite a chair column known.
  • the locking device is between the seat support and a stationary chair column bearing part arranged. It has a rack and a toothed strip jaw, each are provided with a recess. Through the recess is a Clamping bolt out to a clamping device for locking or to Loosen the locking device ausgestalten.
  • a coil spring arranged on the clamping bolt, which acts on the toothed strip jaw.
  • this known locking device does not allow perfect locking when heavyweight Users acting on the locking forces.
  • the object of the invention is a chair the generic type such that the seat together with the backrest independent of the given tilt adjustment due to the synchronous mechanism in different tilt positions as effectively as possible, so as by the synchronous mechanism given inclination limit angle of seat and backrest within a To be able to change the adjustment range.
  • the essence of the invention is a toothed rack locking device with two toothed racks and two To provide toothed rack jaws for interaction with the two toothed racks.
  • Their advantage is that the lock along the Not pivoting direction Friction, but done by positive engagement. That way is one particularly effective locking possible.
  • FIG. 1 An illustrated in Fig. 1 office chair has a pedestal 1, the above Rolls 2 is supported relative to the ground.
  • a pedestal 1 On the pedestal 1 is a height-adjustable, enclosed by a bellows 3a chair column 3 attached, At the upper end of a seat support 4 is releasably attached, on the in turn, a padded seat 5 is mounted.
  • On the seat support 4 is a mounted substantially upwardly extending backrest support 6, at the upper end of a backrest 7 is attached.
  • the height adjustment the chair column 3 takes place by means of an operating lever 8.
  • To change the inclination of the backrest 7 with backrest support 6 while simultaneously changing the inclination of the seat 5 is another Operating lever 9 is mounted on the seat support 4.
  • the seat support 4 can partially or largely by a mounted on the underside of the seat 5 Cover 10 be optically covered.
  • Fig. 1 it can be seen that the backrest support 6 covered by a folding bellows 11 for optical reasons is.
  • the described basic structure of the office chair is well known.
  • the height adjustable chair column 3 is for example from DE-PS 19 31 012 (according to US-PS 3,711,054) and DE-PS 18 12 282 (corresponding U.S. Patent 3,656,593).
  • the structure of the seat support 4 including the described pivoting possibilities of backrest 7 and seat 5 is for example from EP-PS 0 179 185 (corresponding to ZA-PS 85/6126) known.
  • the seat support 4 is formed divided. He consists of a front seat support part 12 and a rear seat support part 13, which has a substantially U-shaped, downwardly open cross-section exhibit. It follows that they each have two side walls 14, 15 or 16, 17, which respectively through the seat 5 facing floors 18th or 19 are connected to each other.
  • the two seat support parts 12, 13 are by a pivot axis arranged adjacent to its bottoms 18, 19 20 interconnected.
  • a seat bracket 21 At the front end of the seat support 4 is a seat bracket 21 to a Swivel axis 22 pivotally mounted, wherein the seat support 21st through a transverse plane to the main plane of symmetry of the chair, i. across to Drawing plane of Fig. 2 extending profile is formed.
  • the seat 5 On this Seat holder 21, the seat 5 is supported by spacers 23.
  • the seat 5 is still on the floor 19 of the rear seat support part 13th supported and fixed by means of elastic buffer 26.
  • a length-adjustable energy accumulator in the form of a length-adjustable gas spring 27 hinged about a pivot axis 28, which is the pivot axes 20 and 22 runs parallel.
  • This pivot axis 28 is the housing 29 of the Gas spring 27 facing, from the other end a piston rod 30th led out.
  • From the piston rod 30 projects an actuating pin 31st out, by means of which a located in the gas spring valve for length adjustment can be operated.
  • the piston rod 30 is by means of a Thread connected to an actuator 32 to which the actuating lever 9 belongs.
  • This actuator is between the side walls 14, 15 of the front seat support part 12 parallel to the pivot axes 20, 22, 28 pivotally mounted.
  • the operating lever 9 is through a slot 33 in the associated side wall 16 of the rear seat carrier part 13 led out, this slot 33 is curved in this way, that its center coincides with the pivot axis 20.
  • At appropriate Length adjustments of the gas spring 27 are the front and the rear seat support member 12 and 13 about the pivot axis 20 against each other pivoted, whereby on the one hand changes the inclination of the seat 5 and on the other hand at the same time the backrest support 6 with the backrest 7 is pivoted.
  • Synchro mechanisms Such devices are called so-called Synchro mechanisms called.
  • the actuating pin 31 not only briefly inserted into the piston rod 30 of the gas spring 27 to a change in length of the gas spring 27 and thus a change in the Location of the seat 5 and the backrest 7 to achieve, but if the Actuating pin 31 is inserted into the piston rod 30 for a long time is, then the seat 5 can be tilted together with the backrest 7 become.
  • the structure of the seat support 4 with the seat 5 is - as far as he described was - from EP-PS 0 179 185 (corresponding to ZA-PS 85/6126) known. Structure and arrangement of the actuator 32 and the gas spring 27 is known from EP-OS 0 179 216.
  • a spring abutment 34 is pivotally mounted, which in cross section is formed in the manner of an angle lever.
  • the one abutment lever 35 extends rearwardly from the pivot axis 20, i. in the direction to the backrest support 6, below the bottom 19 of the rear seat support part 13.
  • an adjusting screw 36 In the region of the free end of the abutment lever 35 is an adjusting screw 36 by means of its external thread 37 in an internal thread 38 on the lever 35 arranged.
  • the threads 37, 38 are not self-locking.
  • the adjusting screw 36 is supported with its free end against the bottom 19 of the rear Seat support part 13 from.
  • a spring element 40th by a block of elastic material, such as a cellular polyurethane elastomer, available under the name Vulkocell is, is formed.
  • This spring element 40 is located with his other End against a stationary, but pivotable abutment 41 on, the by a lever 39 opposite the rear wall of the following Bearing parts 46 explained in more detail is formed.
  • the spring element 40 is attached to a pin-like projection 42 of the lever 39 so that it does not down from the area between the lever 39 and the abutment 41 can fall out.
  • the backrest 6 When the gas spring 27 is unlocked, the backrest 6 is pivoted backwards is, are the front and the rear seat support member 12 and 13 swiveled towards each other in their area located below the pivot axis 20, i.e. the spring element 40 is under progressive damping this return pivoting movement of the backrest 7 compressed more.
  • This counterforce of the spring element 40 thus acts the return pivoting movement the backrest 7 progressively opposite.
  • the backrest 7 is the forward pivoting through corresponding Relaxation of the spring element 40 is supported, which supportive Force with increasing forward pivotal movement of the backrest 7 decreases.
  • the spring element 40th each with correspondingly different pivot positions from the rear Seat support member 13 relative to the front seat support member 12, i. at different Backward inclinations of the backrest 7 and thus also the Seat 5 for intervention.
  • the block-like spring element 40th at these intermediate positions first only with an edge 44 with the abutment 41 comes to the plant and only at a further pivoting movement steadily increasingly comes to the full surface contact with abutment 41. Again, a certain progression in the spring action is achieved.
  • the spring abutment 34 is rigid in itself, the lever 35, 39th stiffened with one or more intermediate webs 24. So the set screw 36 not accidentally unscrewed from the internal thread 38 its external thread is slotted in the area of the end 43 and set up. To allow easy operation of the adjusting screw 36, she is at her down from the seat support 4 outstanding End provided with a rotary handle 25.
  • the adjusting screw 36 is opposite the gas spring 27 is arranged offset.
  • the gas springs 27 are customary in the market and in terms of structure and operation well known, for example from DE-PS 18 12 282 (corresponding to US-PS 3,656,593).
  • the front seat support member 12 with the upper, as a storage cone 45 trained end of the chair column 3 on a whole as 46 designated bearing part hingedly connected.
  • the die-cast aluminum existing bearing member 46 is seated with a receptacle formed as an inner cone-shaped Bearing 47 on the storage cone 45 of the chair column 3.
  • the Bearing 47 is mounted in a longitudinally oriented rectangular tube 48, which on its side located behind the bearing block 47 a parallel to the Pivot axis 20 extending hinge axis 49 in the form of a simple Bolt with nut carries. At this hinge axis 49 is the front seat support part 12 hinged.
  • the front seat support part 12 To lock the seat 5 in a certain tilt position is the front seat support part 12 with a between him and the bearing part 46th effective ratchet locking device 49 a provided in front of the bearing block 47 is arranged. It has two parallel to each other Tooth strips 50, 51, which are integrally formed with the bearing part 46.
  • the toothed racks 50, 51 are opposite to the mutually parallel Outer walls 52, 53 of the bearing part 46 set back inwards.
  • the Tooth racks 50, 51 are each made by two perpendicular to the teeth of the teeth Tooth strips 50, 51 extending guide walls 54 limited.
  • the locking device 49a also has two toothed bar jaws arranged parallel to one another 58, 59, which are formed substantially cuboid and on the the rack 50 and 51 side facing a jaw rack 60 and 61, respectively.
  • the teeth of the toothed racks 60 and 61 are dimensioned so that they with the teeth of the toothed racks 50 and 51 are engageable, i.
  • the toothed strip jaws 58, 59 are in the side leading them Guide walls 54 added with a game.
  • the toothed rack jaws 58, 59 are held by a clamping bolt 62 and are over this acted upon in the direction of the toothed racks 50 and 51 with force.
  • the toothed strip jaws 58, 59 point to the passage of the clamping bolt 62 in the center holes 63, 64 on.
  • the bearing part 46 has between the Tooth bars 50, 51 a substantially parallel to the clamping bolt 62 extending Long hole 65 on. At the left in Fig.
  • the clamping bolt 62 In the area of the side wall 15 is the clamping bolt 62 by a Beaufschlagungsblock 72 with a clamping bolt 62 receiving bore 73 out.
  • the Beaufscherungsblock 72 is displaceable through a bore 74 in the side wall 15 guided and points to the toothed rack jaw 59 facing Side an annular groove 75, which in a corresponding recess of the toothed strip jaw 59 is recorded on.
  • the loading sleeve 66 and the block 72 serve as guide elements for the clamping bolt 62nd
  • a Tensioning device 76 is provided to the toothed strip jaws 58, 59 in Direction of the toothed racks 50 and 51 to apply force.
  • the Clamping device 76 has a cooperating with the Beauftschungsblock 72 Clamping body 77, one connected to this Operating lever 78 and provided at the free end Handle 79 on.
  • the clamping body 77 has two mutually parallel Side walls 80, which have a substantially oval cross-section.
  • the side walls 80 are by an expansion body 81 and a lever holder 82 connected to each other, wherein the spreader 81 and the Lever receptacle 82 in the region of the two ends of the side walls 80 is arranged are.
  • the expansion body 81 has a guide channel 83, through the clamping bolt 62 is guided. Between the spreader 81 and the Lever holder 82 is arranged at the free end of the clamping bolt 62 and provided with this associated Beaufschlagungskopf 84, the defines the clamping body 77 in a clamping direction 85.
  • the side wall 15 is with a downwardly open guide profile 86 with U-shaped Cross-section connected.
  • the guide profile 86 has an upper Wall 87 and two connected thereto, arranged parallel to each other Guide walls 88 on.
  • the upper wall 87 points in the area of its free End a opposite the horizontal obliquely pulled up web 89 on.
  • the side walls 80 and the guide walls 88 facing Pages of the impingement block 72 are between the guide walls 88 with respect to the clamping bolt 62 twisted with game.
  • the Beauftschungsblock 72 has on the clamping body 77 facing Side a cam 90 with two laterally delimiting this Flanks 91 and 92 on.
  • the spreader 81 points to the admission block 72 facing side a cam 93 with two of these laterally delimiting flanks 94, 95.
  • the expanding body 81 has a cam 96 with these limiting flanks 97, 98 on.
  • the guide channel 83 has the shape of two at an angle to each other staggered holes, so that a pivoting of the expansion body 81 from the locking position shown in Fig. 3 to the clamping bolt 62 is possible in the free-pivoting position shown in Fig. 4.
  • Of the Guide channel 83 is in the upper part by two mutually angled Channel walls 99, 100 limited.
  • the loading head 84 has on the spreader 81 side facing a cam 103rd as well as these laterally limiting flanks 104 and 105.
  • the lever holder 82 has on the side facing the loading head 84 side a projection 106 which the gap between the lever receptacle 82nd and the impaction head 84 so reduced that human extremities, such as. the fingers of playing children, not stuck in these and not pinched at a pivoting of the clamping body 77 can be.
  • the locking position is shown in FIGS. 3 and 5.
  • the operating lever 78 is in the lower stop position.
  • the spreader 81 is in the maximum spread position, i. the charge head 84 and the Beaufschlagungsblock 72 are in the largest possible Scope pressed apart.
  • the cam 96 is located on the flank 105 and the cam 93 on the flank 91. In this position Pressing the Beaufschlagungsblock 72 the rack bar jaw 59 with the Toothed racks 61 in the toothed racks 51.
  • the operating lever 78 is up in the in Fig. 4 and in Section pivoted in Fig. 6 shown free-pivoting position. While pivoting, the cams 93 and 96 travel over with them in abutment lying cams 90 and 103, wherein the block 72nd and the head 84 further away from each other and the pivoting the Force of the spring 71 counteracts. The point at which the cams 90 and 93 and 96 and 103 touch is a dead center.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chairs Characterized By Structure (AREA)
  • Chairs For Special Purposes, Such As Reclining Chairs (AREA)
  • Hydrogenated Pyridines (AREA)
  • Chair Legs, Seat Parts, And Backrests (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Chaise, en particulier chaise de bureau, comprenant:
    a) un piètement (1),
    b) un support de siège (4) s'appuyant sur celui-ci au moyen d'un montant de chaise (3) et présentant des parties de support de siège avant et arrière (12, 13), reliées ensemble par un axe de pivotement (20),
    c) un siège (5) s'appuyant sur les parties de support de siège (12, 13),
    d) un dossier (7) fixé à la partie arrière de support de siège (13),
    e) un accumulateur d'énergie (27) réglable en longueur, articulé sur les parties de support de siège (12, 13) à distance de leur axe de pivotement (20), pour le réglage du dossier (7) par rapport au siège (5),
    f) un logement (47) prévu sur une partie de support de siège (12) pour l'extrémité supérieure du montant de chaise (3), le logement (47) étant articulé sur la partie de support de siège (12) par l'intermédiaire d'un essieu articulé (49) disposé en parallèle à l'axe de pivotement (20) des parties de support de siège avant et arrière (12, 13), et
    g) un dispositif de blocage agissant entre la partie de support de siège (12) et le logement (47) pour bloquer ou débloquer différentes inclinaisons du support de siège (4) muni du logement (47) par rapport au montant de chaise (3),
       caractérisée en ce que
    h) le dispositif de blocage est un dispositif de blocage à crémaillère (49a),
    i) le dispositif de blocage à crémaillère (49a) présentant deux crémaillères (50, 51) reliées au logement (47),
    ii) le dispositif de blocage à crémaillère (49a) présentant deux mâchoires de crémaillère (58, 59) reliées à la partie de support de siège (12) et destinées à coopérer avec les deux crémaillères (50, 51),
    iii) les deux crémaillères (50, 51) et les deux mâchoires de crémaillère (58, 59) pouvant être amenées en prise mutuelle par paires,
    iv) les deux mâchoires de crémaillère (58, 59) étant disposées de façon mobile sur une goupille de serrage (62), et
    v) le dispositif de blocage à crémaillère (49a) présentant un ressort de compression hélicoïdal (71) pour écarter les mâchoires de crémaillère (58, 59).
  2. Chaise selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de blocage à crémaillère (49a) présente un dispositif de serrage (76) pour bloquer ou débloquer le dispositif de blocage à crémaillère (49a).
  3. Chaise selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de serrage (76) est pivotant entre une première position de butée et une deuxième position de butée.
  4. Chaise selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de serrage (76) passe par un point mort entre la première position de butée et la deuxième position de butée.
  5. Chaise selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la partie de support de siège présente des alésages (69, 74) dans lesquels des éléments de guidage (66, 72) pour recevoir la goupille de serrage (62) sont guidés de façon mobile.
EP01114037A 2000-07-08 2001-06-08 Chaise, notamment chaise de bureau Expired - Lifetime EP1169947B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK01114037T DK1169947T3 (da) 2000-07-08 2001-06-08 Stol, især kontorstol

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10033418A DE10033418A1 (de) 2000-07-08 2000-07-08 Stuhl, insbesondere Bürostuhl
DE10033418 2000-07-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1169947A1 EP1169947A1 (fr) 2002-01-09
EP1169947B1 true EP1169947B1 (fr) 2004-09-01

Family

ID=7648374

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01114037A Expired - Lifetime EP1169947B1 (fr) 2000-07-08 2001-06-08 Chaise, notamment chaise de bureau

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US6572191B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1169947B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1256904C (fr)
AT (1) ATE274821T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2352650A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10033418A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK1169947T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2225356T3 (fr)
HK (1) HK1041628B (fr)
PT (1) PT1169947E (fr)

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DE102010042923B3 (de) 2010-10-26 2012-01-26 Dauphin Entwicklungs- U. Beteiligungs-Gmbh Stuhl, insbesondere Bürostuhl
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US10182657B2 (en) 2016-02-12 2019-01-22 Haworth, Inc. Back support for a chair
US10383448B1 (en) 2018-03-28 2019-08-20 Haworth, Inc. Forward tilt assembly for chair seat
USD935818S1 (en) * 2020-05-20 2021-11-16 Cramer Llc Chair
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EP0698358A3 (fr) * 1994-08-17 1996-06-19 Ashfield Eng Co Wexford Ltd Mécanisme à bascule pour chaise
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DE29714809U1 (de) * 1997-08-19 1997-11-06 Sifa Sitzfabrik Gmbh Sitzträger für Drehstühle
DE29804382U1 (de) * 1998-03-12 1998-06-10 Sifa Sitzfabrik Gmbh Klemmvorrichtung für Sitzträger
IT245520Y1 (it) * 1998-07-16 2002-03-22 Beniamino Miotto Dispositivo meccanico particolarmente per la movimentazione sincronadi sedile e schienale di una sedia.
DE19849522A1 (de) * 1998-10-21 2000-04-27 Drabert Gmbh Bürostuhl mit einer Sitzneigungsverstellung
US6131998A (en) * 1999-11-22 2000-10-17 Su; Tung-Hua Chassis for a chair seat

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK1169947T3 (da) 2004-11-08
CN1331940A (zh) 2002-01-23
PT1169947E (pt) 2004-11-30
CA2352650A1 (fr) 2002-01-08
DE10033418A1 (de) 2002-01-31
DE50103453D1 (de) 2004-10-07
HK1041628A1 (en) 2002-07-19
ATE274821T1 (de) 2004-09-15
HK1041628B (zh) 2007-01-05
US20020003367A1 (en) 2002-01-10
EP1169947A1 (fr) 2002-01-09
CN1256904C (zh) 2006-05-24
ES2225356T3 (es) 2005-03-16
US6572191B2 (en) 2003-06-03

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