EP1163385B1 - Schräges gewebe, verfahren und webmaschine zur kontinuierlichen herstellung eines solchen gewebes - Google Patents

Schräges gewebe, verfahren und webmaschine zur kontinuierlichen herstellung eines solchen gewebes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1163385B1
EP1163385B1 EP00911023A EP00911023A EP1163385B1 EP 1163385 B1 EP1163385 B1 EP 1163385B1 EP 00911023 A EP00911023 A EP 00911023A EP 00911023 A EP00911023 A EP 00911023A EP 1163385 B1 EP1163385 B1 EP 1163385B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
yarn
yarns
bias
edge
sheet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00911023A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1163385A1 (de
Inventor
Alain Bruyere
Christian Debaille
Franck Perret
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hexcel Fabrics SA
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Hexcel Fabrics SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1163385A1 publication Critical patent/EP1163385A1/de
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Publication of EP1163385B1 publication Critical patent/EP1163385B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D13/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft
    • D03D13/002—With diagonal warps or wefts
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D41/00—Looms not otherwise provided for, e.g. for weaving chenille yarn; Details peculiar to these looms
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D41/00—Looms not otherwise provided for, e.g. for weaving chenille yarn; Details peculiar to these looms
    • D03D41/008—Looms for weaving flat yarns
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S139/00—Textiles: weaving
    • Y10S139/01—Bias fabric digest

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of weaving but it aims, more particularly, the field of fabrics having a vocation of use industrial.
  • the arrangement of the fibers of a fabric has a great influence on its performance which can be of resistance, in one or more preferred directions, or to conform to surface conformations, especially when such fabrics are used as reinforcements used in the composition of a composite material while being associated with a matrix, for example resin.
  • the technique of manufacturing composite parts is currently particularly adapted to the realization of technical pieces of shapes more or less complex and must present a certain lightness and a optimal resistance.
  • Such a technique involves passing the traditional fabric width between pressure rollers beyond which the fabric is taken up by a roll receiver whose axis is inclined at a given angle to the direction of the pressure rollers.
  • the fixing process generally involves the provision of a binding product whose presence may have a detrimental effect on behavior subsequent tissue in its bond with its composite matrix.
  • the prior art has known another proposal consisting of realizing a fabric with traditional weft threads and warp yarns but which is produced under the form of a continuous tubular sheath.
  • the principle is then to cut out a such sheath along a helical path, for example oriented at 45 °, so as to have, after opening and flattening, a woven web whose threads are oriented slantwise.
  • the production of such a sheath can be provided from a trade traditional or circular craft.
  • Another disadvantage is the means of feed retained for the son weft, whether it is a traditional craft or a circular craft.
  • the prior art has also proposed using an assimilated method for obtaining a fabric at an angle. It involves bringing in a braiding machine open which actually makes it possible to produce a band whose intertwined threads are oriented at an angle to the production direction of the band.
  • an open braider is made up of a power supply yarns from bobbins that are rotated about their axis, so that the same wire change problems are here to take into account.
  • an open braider does not allow, generally and of practical way, to achieve a width of width sufficiently important for respond positively to the demands made on the account of an oblique fabric, especially in a technical application.
  • the bias fabric according to the invention is characterized in that it is in the form of a width of width (L) and width (l) finished, consisting of interlaced son, established in respective directions oblique to the length (L) and none of which has any knotting, even for an infinite length (L) of the width.
  • FIG. 1 shows that this fabric is in the form of a width 1 of length L and width l finished.
  • the length L must be considered infinite, that is to say likely to present a large footage having consistent constructive characteristics over the entire length.
  • the width is made of threads 2 and 3 which are interlaced or crisscrossed in any suitable armor, the most general being the taffeta frame.
  • the wires 2 and 3 are established in respective directions D and d which are oblique with respect to the direction of the length L.
  • the directions D and d are orthogonal and symmetrical with respect to the direction L while making with respect to the latter each an angle which is generally qualified in the technique of plus or minus 45 °.
  • the directions D and d could have a different obliqueness with respect to the direction of the length L with, understandably, the incidence of a behavioral heterogeneity of the tissue obtained due to the existence of different angular directions and not symmetrical with respect to the direction L and complementary in value such as for example + 50 ° and - 40 °.
  • the son 2 and 3 are of finite length and are interrupted on at least one of the selvedges such as 1a relative to each other such that 1b.
  • the width of fabric may comprise son such as 2 which form every other time a loop 4 at one of the selvedges such as 1b.
  • the web 1 may also comprise selvedges 1a and 1b provided with a loop 5 formed by a ribbon or cord or else by a coating of appropriate material, reported during manufacture to imprison, or the cut ends of the son 2 and 3, either the loops 4 .
  • the width 1 comprises at least one reinforcing straight wire 6 which extends parallel to the direction L of the width.
  • Such reinforcing wire is then trapped between the son 2 and 3 which may be of single-strand or multi-strand monofilament or multifilament nature and have a flat section of small thickness or a different cross-sectional conformation such as circular.
  • the elementary son 2 and 3 may be of any suitable material, including carbon fiber.
  • a width 1 may have a width l equivalent to that of a width produced by a traditional craft.
  • the width is produced over an infinite length L from elementary threads 2 and 3 , none of which presents an interruption compensated by any junction or knotting, as this intervenes with traditional methods of weaving, braiding and even knitting. This characteristic is essential and decisive to consider within the meaning of the invention, even for an infinite length L of the width 1.
  • the width 1 can be produced over an infinite length L from elementary wires 2 and 3 of flat shape and which, in such a case, are free from torsion on their entire length, even in the case where the son 2 form an open loop 4 to the right of one of the selvedges such as 1b.
  • a warping plane such that P shown in phantom in FIG. 2, so as to have a border 10 ', said establishment and a border 10 ", said recovery and which is parallel to the establishment border 10'
  • the plane P is, moreover, delimited transversely to the borders 10 by a first means 11 and a second 12 of support and transfer which are parallel to each other by extending over the entire width between the edges 10, while making with the x-x 'direction of the latter an angle ⁇ determined, for example equal to 45.
  • the means 11 and 12 and occupy the same direction y-y ' which is oblique to the direction x-x'.
  • the distance between the parallel means 11 and 12 is advantageously chosen at most equal to or even slightly less than twice the width taken between the borders 10 ' and 10 ", perpendicular to the direction x-x' .
  • the method also involves a third handling and transfer means 13 extending in the same direction ⁇ with respect to the reference x-x ' from the recovery border 10 " that it intercepts by its input section. while being arranged parallel to the means 11.
  • the means 11 to 13 may be animated, in the same direction which is that of the arrow f 1 , synchronous movements intermittent or stepwise or continuous.
  • a wire 15 is rewound from a reel 14 which is established, under relative tension, to the right of the edge 10 ' ensuring its support by the means 11 and 12 .
  • the wire 15, once established as said above, is cut upstream of the support means 11 relative to the unwinding direction, so that it remains then on the warp plane P a wire elementary 15 1 .
  • step of the method then moves, by the means 11 and 12 driven simultaneously in the direction of the arrow f 1 , a step in the cross direction, the wire 1 to allow establishment, as described herein. above, a second wire 15 2 to the right of the establishment border 10 '.
  • the procedure described above is repeated as many times as is necessary to completely fill the warping plane P with a succession of wires 15 , the last of which 15 n according to FIG. 4 is set to the right of the border 10 ' while the first 1 is placed in the vicinity of the recovery border 10 " being always maintained by the means 11 and 12. It should be noted that in this state, the wire 15 1 is then also supported, in its substantially median part, by the input of the means 13 .
  • the method involves a means 13 whose input is aligned with that of the means 11, such that this alignment occupies a direction z-z ' which is perpendicular to the direction x-x'.
  • a crowd is opened in a zone such as 16 located below the aligned inputs of the means 11 and 13 .
  • Such an opening is carried out by suitable means to move the web son 15 l to 15 n hatched on the plane P into two half-plies which are equal in number of son in the case where the selection of the weave to form is of the taffeta type.
  • the opening of the shed 16 may occur, for example by raising one wire out of two.
  • a similar result would be obtained by moving down only one wire out of two or acting up for every other wire and down for every other wire. The skilled person is able to adapt this requirement of opening the crowd when choosing a different type of armor.
  • a yarn cutting 15 1 by a member 17 located just upstream of the inlet of the conveying means 13 (Fig. 4) so as to leave between the input of this means 13 and approximately the output of the first means 11, a wire segment 1a which will be intended to subsequently constitute a wire 2 of the web 1.
  • the second portion 1b of the wire 1 cut 1 is maintained between the output of the means 12 and a member 18 for gripping and insertion capable of being animated at least one displacement in the direction of the arrow f 2 .
  • This segment of wire 1b is then inserted into the shed 16 by the member 18 so as to be arranged parallel to the inputs of the support means 11 and 13 in the direction z-z ' to be engaged thereafter by a striking operation which can be considered as classic in weaving.
  • each segment of wire 15 nb between the entrance of the transport means 13 and that of the transport means 11, is inserted in the shed 16 and supported by the transport means 11 and 13 by constituting as this is apparent from FIG. 6 an elementary wire which is interwoven with the son 2 maintained between the carriers 11 and 13 to give rise to the formation of a width which progresses in the direction of the arrow f 3 in the y-y ' direction defining the production direction L.
  • the width woven skew can be qualified plus or minus 45 ° for the orientation of the son 2 and 3 .
  • the method implemented as described above involves various auxiliary phases, one of which is the adaptation of the second means 12 to a sliding carriage or to an oscillating assembly that can be moved in the direction of the arrow f 4 to compensate for the variation in the length of the wires 15 n following the opening of the crowd 16 .
  • each wire, n established at the right of the edge 10 ' corresponds to a reeling from the reel 14 over an elementary length close to that of the warping plane P, then to a cut by an organ 19 located between the coil 14 and the means 11 and preceded by a retaining clip or the like 20 ( Figure 2) .
  • Each band 5 may be formed by a ribbon, a cord or a strip of suitable material or may result from a contribution by coating, sampling or molding of a coating of material chosen from those able to have a residual flexibility that is compatible with that of the width 1 .
  • Each band 5 can be reported permanently or temporarily.
  • the object of the invention makes it possible to form a width 1 of width l and infinite length L by using only one wire such as 15 from the coil 14 to form the elementary son 2 and 3 which, accordingly, and regardless of the length of the width 1, are always free of junction points, knotting, binding.
  • the width thus obtained is of a homogeneous nature in its constitution, in its presentation and in its technical characteristics, and can be manufactured over an infinite length by the simple replacement of a coil 14 of large capacity which is simply changed when it does not. is more in the state, with the only winding remaining on it, to deliver a length of elementary wire capable of being established between the inputs of the carriers 11 and 12 .
  • Such a characteristic makes it possible to have production rates uninterrupted industrial and thus produce a width of fabric at an angle of length infinite without the manufacturing process experiencing phases of interruption that are made necessary, as is practiced in the weaving technique usual, for the knitting of the threads interrupted during the changes of coils in particular, and by any necessary intermediate operations, such as only the rustling and packing of bobbins and cans. This results in a reduction sensitive cost of production.
  • the son 15 n could be derived from more than one coil 14, with or without alternation, each corresponding to a title and / or a constituent material determined.
  • opening the shed 16 involves a local displacement of the son concerned in elevation and / or lowering, so as to respect, as is traditional weaving, the desired weave for interlacing wires 2 and 3 .
  • Such an opening can be achieved by the implementation of a comb system providing the lateral guiding functions of each of the son, the opening and closing of the half-plies and the striking of each segment of cut wire to from the one occupying the 10 " recovery border .
  • Fig. 6 shows that, according to a variant of the method, it can be provided to take advantage of the opening of the shed 16 to insert at least one reinforcing straight wire 6 trapped entered the interlaced son 2 and 3 and extending parallel to the direction y-y '.
  • Fig. 7 shows, schematically, an example of construction of a loom capable of implementing the method described above to obtain the bias fabric according to the invention.
  • the loom designated as a whole by the reference M, comprises a warping section 21 which is intended to delimit the plane P described above.
  • This warping section 21 is essentially constituted by the two support conveyors 11 and 12 which form the parallel means between them to support and move the cross direction different son 15 n warped as mentioned above.
  • the conveyors 11 and 12 each consist of two endless conveyor belt pairs whose upper 22 and lower 23 facing strands are superimposed and pressed so as to maintain the end portions of each wire 15 n ourdi.
  • the conveyor belts 22 and 23 may be simple belts or belts with pins or needles or with a hanging or adhesive coating.
  • the lower conveyor belts 23 of the means 11 and 12 have a length less than that of the belts 22 to define, as it were, entry and exit zones.
  • the two means 11 and 12 are, as mentioned above, set parallel to each other having a same length and each making an angle ⁇ relative to the direction of the edges 10 'and 10 " of the plane P whose length of establishment occupies the direction x-x '.
  • the orientation of the carriers 11 and 12 is established in the y-y 'direction which corresponds to the direction of production L of the fabric width at an angle.
  • the means 11 and 12 are spaced from each other in the x-x 'direction, preferably by a measure equal to twice the width considered perpendicular to the x-x' direction, between the borders 10 ' and 10 ".
  • the loom comprises, moreover, a third support and transfer means designated by the reference 13 and which meets the constructive characteristics of the means 11 and 12, or even characteristics equivalent to the technical plan.
  • the means 13 therefore also comprises an upper conveyor belt 22 and a lower conveyor belt 23 .
  • the means 13 is located parallel to the medium 11 so that its inlet is able to take over the hatched thread occupying the take-up edge 10 "in the median part of the latter.
  • the input 30 of the means 12 and that 31 of the means 13 are aligned in the direction z-z ' which is orthogonal to the direction x-x'.
  • the angle ⁇ is close to 45 ° and the length of the third handling and transfer means 13 is calculated so that its output is substantially aligned with the output of the means 12 in a direction which is perpendicular to the direction y-y '.
  • the loading and transfer means are responsible for ensuring the displacement in the oblique direction y-y ' of the nap sheets 15 n and, for this purpose, are driven by motor units not shown but conventional in the field, training in intermittently preferential synchronous displacements in a step that corresponds, in elementary manner, to the spacing that must be respected between each wire 15 n of the layer laid. It must, of course, be considered that it is possible to cause the continuous synchronous displacement of the means 11 to 13 insofar as the establishment members of each wire 15 n are able to ensure the removal of each elementary length wire in masked time to obtain a parallel arrangement of these son on the plane of warping P.
  • the loom comprises a winding roll 32 of the width 1 produced.
  • This distance is advantageously used to provide the means 33 capable of bordering the selvedges of the width 1 produced by means of a strap, a ribbon, a band, etc. ..., or to ensure the filling of a coating in any appropriate material. It should be considered that such a lining could also come from the prior removal, for example at the entrance of the means 11 and 13 of a layer of adhesive product intended to take care of the ends of the yarns, and then to be detached from the conveyor belts to form the coatings of the selvedges.
  • Such a method of management can also be retained for the conveyor belts of the means 12 by providing, in addition to the right of the exit zone 34, a film or a peel film, so as to strip the conveyor belts 22 and 23 as they escape from the recovery edge 10 ".
  • the loom comprises, moreover, a device 40 for placing each elementary wire 15 n , at the right of the establishment border 10 ' .
  • a device 40 for placing each elementary wire 15 n is, for example, consisting of a gripper 41 which is adapted to a truck or other driving member can be guided in reciprocating motor in one and / or the other direction of arrow f 5 , so as to be able to take the wire 15, coming from a reel 14, to pass it on the input section of the conveyor 11 and then to bring it to the input section of the conveyor 12 .
  • the stroke along the arrow f 5 takes into account the presence of the cutting member 19 which is located beyond the clamp 20 taking into account the direction of unwinding of the wire with respect to the coil 14 .
  • the position of the clamp 20 can be considered to be approximately that of support by the clamp 41 during the extension-unwinding phase of the wire 15 .
  • the loom further comprises a section 45 of opening-closing the shed 16 by action on the lap of threads to form it into two half-plies.
  • a system 45 comprises, according to FIGS. 7 to 12, a plurality of combs or the like 50 loaded, to take care of the son 15 n to ensure lateral guidance and transfer stepwise, if necessary, maintaining their selected relative spacing.
  • These combs 50 are advantageously each constituted by two walls 51 defining a kind of stirrup open upwards and responsible for guiding a wire 15 n .
  • the walls 51 are mounted at the end of a resiliently deformable blade 52 which is connected to a moving drive system 53 capable of adopting different structural shapes.
  • the system 53 is constituted by an endless belt 54 capable of being moved intermittently in the direction of the arrow f 6 by passing over the return members 55 having the effect of establishing some of the blades 52 in the same plane under the warping plane P with said bars an orientation of the stirrups open upwards.
  • a different structural form could consist in adapting the blades 52 on a carriage that can be reciprocated by being associated with an erasing system, so that each comb 50 can be moved laterally in the cross direction, at the same time as the threads 15 n for each step of incrementation then, then, lowered to be erased below the sheet of threads, to be brought back to an initial position in which it is again raised to support another wire 15 n .
  • the blades 52 are also associated with elevation pushers 56 which can be controlled in any appropriate manner and selectively depending on the armor chosen to be raised from a position of erased as shown in figs. 9 and 10 to an elevation position, as shown in FIG. 11.
  • Each raised pusher acts on the corresponding blade to deform it upwards, so that the comb 50 raises the corresponding wire 15 n to delimit, in relation to those held in place, the crowd 16 in which the segment 15 nb yarn , cut from yarn 15 n occupying the recovery margin 10 ", is inserted as described in connection with the method.
  • the opening-closing system 45 is advantageously mounted on a frame 57 which is carried by a bench 58 with respect to which it can be moved by a suitable drive member to be driven by a movement in the double direction of the arrow f 7 with respect to the initial position in which it opens the crowd 16 .
  • the pushers 56 are controlled in retraction, so as to return all the combs to the original position in which they are aligned parallel to the warping plane P (FIG 12) .
  • the drive member is controlled to move the entire system on the bench 58 in the direction of alignment of the input sections 30 and 31 of the support means 11 and 13, so that the different Combs 50 assume a flap function for striking and plating the inserted thread segment 15 nb against the previous ones in the manner of what occurs in conventional weaving, as shown in FIG. 12 .
  • the loom is again provided with the gripping and insertion member 18 which is intended to take over the free end after cutting of the segment 15 nb of thread 15 n occupying the recovery margin 10 ". for insertion into the shed 16.
  • a member may be constituted by a gripper adapted at the end of a lance 61 may be introduced into the crowd, for example from the establishment border 10 '.
  • the lance is driven by an alternating rectilinear stroke which is sufficient to insert the segment of cut thread 15 nb into the crowd 16 over the entire width of the tablecloth hatched.
  • the lance 61 can also be replaced by two opposite half-lances provided, each end, complementary gripping means and animated rectilinear movements inversely synchronized.
  • the member 61 in the form of an actuator with rectilinear reciprocating movement, provided with lateral gripping means and which, in a waiting position, is immobilized parallel to the segment of yarn to be cut at law up edge 10 ".
  • a gripper would then be mounted on a vertical pivot located near the wire cutting section, so that after care, it may be rotated to bring the gripper 18 which it has in the axis of the shed, inside which the segment of thread 15 nb cut, and taken in its entirety, would then be inserted, as illustrated in FIG.
  • member 61 is arranged to take care of the end of the segment nb sectioned by the cutting member 17 which is located near the inlet section 31 of the means 13 .
  • the loom is additionally provided with an inflection finger 70 which, in one embodiment, is constituted by a vertical cylindrical rod, implanted substantially in line with the recovery margin 10 " and at a distance from the cutting member 17.
  • an inflection finger 70 which, in one embodiment, is constituted by a vertical cylindrical rod, implanted substantially in line with the recovery margin 10 " and at a distance from the cutting member 17.
  • Such a finger is retractable, so that it can be controlled in elevation after crosswise movement of the wire 15 n brought to the right of the edge 10 "
  • a functional sequence can then be established in the following manner.
  • the gripping member such as the gripper 18, grips the wire 15 n occupying the recovery edge 10 ", then the cutting member 17 is actuated to cut said wire and leave a first segment of wire 15 na which is retained at the exit of the means 11 and the entrance of the means 13 to subsequently constitute a wire 2 .
  • the member 18 can then be controlled in displacement stroke inside the shed 16 in a direction perpendicular to the direction x-x ', so that the segment of wire 15 nb cut is driven and caused to bypass the inflection point 70 to be arranged and properly aligned within the crowd 16 .
  • the wire used and unwound from the reel 14 is of the flat type, being for example constituted by a multi-filament combination of carbon fibers which may for example be of the 3K, 6K, 12K type, even 24K, 48K, 80K.
  • the point of inflection 70 can then advantageously be realized as illustrated in FIG. 13 being constituted by a finger 71 associated with a bar 72 delimiting with the finger a passage window of restricted width.
  • the finger 71 extends above the web son hatched 15 n, so that the last wire occupying the take-up edge 10 ", is engaged between the pin 71 and the strip 72.
  • the provision of inflection point 70 is made such that the finger 71 extends obliquely with respect to the x-x 'direction, being oriented at 45 ° to be directed towards the crowd 16.
  • the point of inflection 70 could also include instead of the bar 72 a pad or a clamping jaw relative to the end portion 15 ' nb .
  • the loom may comprise a device for inserting at least one straight reinforcing wire, such as the wire bearing the reference 6 in FIGS. 1 and 6 .
  • a device designated as a whole by the reference 80 in FIGS. 15 and 16, comprises a wire guide bar 81 carrying at least one eyelet 82 in which is engaged the wire 6 which is unwound from a superimposed coil not shown.
  • the wire guide bar 81 is placed in abutment against the combs 50 between the latter and the alignment of the inputs 30 and 31 of the loading and transfer means 11 and 13 .
  • each wire 6 is inserted into the shed 16 to be trapped in a crossing zone between a wire 2 and a wire 3 constituting the width of the fabric at an angle 1.
  • Figs. 15 and 16 show a possibility of insertion of several right reinforcing son 6 that should, in such a case, be able to imprison so that they are established parallel to the direction of formation of the width, defined by the y-y ' axis .
  • the insertion device then comprises, for each reinforcing thread 6, a retractable needle 83 which ensures, in its lowering position, as illustrated in FIG. 15, the maintenance of the portion of the reinforcing thread 6 trapped in line with the last thread 3 inserted and away from the eyelets 82 .
  • the needles 83 are retracted, as illustrated in FIG. 17, so as to allow full insertion of the last 15 nb segment of inserted wire.
  • the needles 83 are moved in a reverse movement to come to hold each wire 6 in the waiting position, as shown in FIG. 18.
  • each pivoting needle 83 is offset from the eyelet 82 corresponding thereto by an elementary wire width 15 n .
  • Figs. 16 and 18 show an example of weaving of the web 1 in a satin weave.
  • Figs. 19 and 20 illustrate an example of weaving according to the invention with the adoption of a twill weave 2/1, with position of the eyelets 82 during the insertion of the segment of thread 15 nb (FIG 19) and during the striking of said segment (Fig. 20).
  • the invention finds a preferred application in tissue production so-called ⁇ 45 ° techniques and reserved for the production of shaped parts from a matrix of synthetic material in which said fabric is embedded as an armature of reinforcement.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Weaving Apparatuses, Weavers' Tools, And Shuttles (AREA)
  • Looms (AREA)

Claims (41)

  1. Diagonalstoff, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er die Form einer Bahn mit endlicher Länge (L) und endlicher Breite (I) hat, die aus zwei verwebten Fäden (2, 3) besteht, die nach jeweils schrägen Richtungen (D und d) zur Länge (L) angebracht sind und von welchen keiner ein Knüpfen aufweist, auch bei einer unendlichen Länge (L) der Bahn.
  2. Stoff nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er mindestens einen Verstärkungsfaden (6) umfasst, der zwischen den verwebten Fäden eingeschlossen ist und sich parallel zu Länge (L) erstreckt.
  3. Stoff nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens einer der Ränder (Ia, Ib) der Bahn (1) von den Enden der verwebten und abgeschnittenen Fäden gebildet wird.
  4. Stoff nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass einer der Ränder der Bahn aus Schleifen (4) gebildet ist, die zwei aufeinander folgende Fäden (2) verbinden.
  5. Stoff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens einer der Ränder der Bahn gebördelt ist.
  6. Stoff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die verwebten Fäden nach einer der folgenden Armuren verwebt sind: Satin, Taft, Gratköper.
  7. Stoff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die verwebten Fäden jeweils benachbarte Richtungen zu + und - 45° zu der Länge L belegen.
  8. Stoff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die verwebten Fäden einsträngig sind.
  9. Stoff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die verwebten Fäden mehrsträngig sind.
  10. Stoff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die verwebten Fäden flach und ungedrillt sind.
  11. Stoff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er in Form einer Bahn (1) mit unendlicher Länge (L) und endlicher Breite (I) bestehend aus verwebten Fäden mit endlicher Länge hergestellt ist.
  12. Herstellungsverfahren eines Diagonalstoffs, der die Form einer Bahn (1) mit endlicher Breite und unendlicher Länge hat, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es aus Folgendem besteht:
    Schären einen Vlieses aus Fäden (15) mit Richtung (x-x'), die untereinander parallel sind, indem man sie durch ein erstes (11) und ein zweites Transfermittel (12) übernehmen lässt, die parallele Richtungen (y-y') untereinander einnehmen, die mit der Richtung (x-x') einen Winkel (α) bilden,
    allmähliches Herstellen des Vlieses, indem man nacheinander Fäden im rechten Winkel zu einem Rand (10'), Anbringungsrand des Vlieses genannt, anordnet,
    Verstellen der Fäden um einen Schritt in die schräge Querrichtung durch das erste und das zweite Transfermittel vom so genannten Anbringungsrand zu einem gegenüber liegenden Rand (10"), der Übernahmerand genannt wird,
    zusätzliches Übernehmenlassen des Fadens (15n), der den Übernahmerand (10") belegt, durch ein drittes Transfermittel (13), das in einer Entfernung und parallel zum ersten Transfermittel liegt, um auf den im Wesentlichen mittleren Teil des Fadens einzuwirken,
    Öffnen des Vlieses in zwei Halbvliese, um ein Fach (16) in der Nähe des ersten und des dritten Transfermittels abzugrenzen,
    Abschneiden des angebrachten und im rechten Winkel zum Übernahmerand gebrachten Fadens (15n) in seinem im Wesentlichen mittleren Teil,
    an Ort und Stelle Belassen des Teils (15na) des Fadens (15n), der vom Eingang des dritten Transfermittels und vom Ausgang des ersten Transfermittels gehalten wird, um einen Faden (2) der künftigen Bahn zu bilden.
    Entnahme des Segments des Fadens (15nb), das sich zwischen dem dritten und dem zweiten Transfermittel befindet, und dessen Einfügen in das Fach nach einer Richtung (z-z') im rechten Winkel zur Richtung (x-x') vom Übernahmerand zum Anbringungsrand, um einen Faden (3) der künftigen Bahn zu bilden,
    ebenso nacheinander mit jedem Faden vorgehen, der in den rechten Winkel zum Übernahmerand gebracht wird, und gleichzeitig ergänzendes Anordnen eines neuen Fadens im rechten Winkel zum Anbringungsrand und allmähliches Herstellen eines Gewebes aus Fadensegmenten, die vom ersten und dritten Transfermittel übernommen werden, und welches nach der schrägen Richtung (y-y') zur Richtung (x-x') fortschreitet.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man jedes Segment Faden (15nb), das nacheinander in das Fach eingefügt wird, anschlägt.
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man jeden Faden (15n) des Vlieses anbringt, indem man von einer Abwickelspule (14) eine elementare Länge Faden entnimmt, die ausgewählt wird, um gleichzeitig vom ersten und vom zweiten Transfermittel übernommen zu werden.
  15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man jeden Faden des Vlieses ausgehend vom Faden (15) anbringt, der kontinuierlich von der Abwickelspule durch einen Zickzack-Schusswagen abgewickelt wird, der mit Stiften oder Rückhaltenadeln zusammenwirkt, die vom ersten und vom zweiten Transfermittel präsentiert werden, und dadurch, dass man den Faden (15), der zum rechten Winkel des Übernahmerands (10") am Ausgang des zweiten Transfermittels und vor das dritte Transfermittel gebracht wurde, abschneidet.
  16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man jeden Faden (15n) des Vlieses während seiner ganzen Transferphase in Querrichtung vom Anbringungsrand (10') bis zum Übernahmerand (10") durch ein Kammsystem (50) übernehmen lässt, das die Funktionen der Seitenführung der Fäden, des Öffnens und Schließens der halben Vliese je nach ausgewählter Armur und des Anschlagens jedes Segments eingefügten Fadens in das Fach (16) gewährleistet.
  17. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man das zweite Transfermittel (12) auf einem beweglichen Träger zum Ausgleichen der durch das Öffnen des Fachs wahrnehmbaren Verringerung der Länge der Fäden anordnet.
  18. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man zwischen den Fäden des Vlieses und den Segmenten eingefügter Fäden mindestens einen geraden Verstärkungsfaden (6) einschließt, der sich parallel zu der Länge (L) der Bahn erstreckt.
  19. Verfahren nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet:
    dass man den Verstärkungsfaden (6) durch eine Fadenführungsöse (82), die im Wesentlichen im rechten Winkel zur Öffnung des Fachs angeordnet ist, zwischen dem System der Kämme (50) und der Einfügerichtung jedes Fadensegments, einführt.
    und dadurch, dass der Verstärkungsfaden (6) vorübergehend von einer abnehmbaren Ausrichtnadel (83) in Position zwischen jedem Einfügen eines Fadensegments im Wesentlichen im rechten Winkel zum bereits eingefügten letzten Segment zurückgehalten wird.
  20. Verfahren nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ausrichtnadel (83) seitlich zur Fadenführungsöse (82) um ein Maß gleich der Breite des Fadens (15n) versetzt ist.
  21. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es darin besteht, nach dem Abschneiden des zum rechten Winkel zu dem Übernahmerand gebrachten Fadens, wenn die Fäden, die das Vlies bilden, flach sind, einen Umkehr- und Biegemechanismus ohne Torsion (70) anzuwenden.
  22. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es darin besteht, mindestens einen der Ränder der Bahn, der vom ersten und dritten Übernahme- und Transfermittel übernommen wird, zu bördeln.
  23. Webstuhl zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung eines Diagonalstoffs, der die Form einer Bahn (1) mit endlicher Breite (I) und unendlicher Länge (L) hat, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er Folgendes umfasst:
    einen Schärabschnitt (21) eines Vlieses von Fäden (15n), die nacheinander parallel zueinander ausgehend von einem Anbringungsrand (10') des Vlieses angebracht werden,
    einen ersten (11) und einen zweiten (12) schrägen Übernahme- und Quertransfermittel der Fäden in Richtung eines Übernahmerands des Vlieses genannten Rands (10"), wobei die Mittel parallel untereinander nach einer schrägen Richtung (α) zur Richtung (x-x') der Fäden angebracht sind und wobei diese schräge Richtung die Richtung und die Produktionsrichtung (y-y') der Bahn definiert,
    ein drittes Mittel (13), das beabstandet und parallel zum zweiten Mittel angebracht und in die gleiche Richtung angetrieben ist wie die beiden ersten, sodass der im Wesentlichen mittlere Teil des Fadens (15n) des Vlieses, das den Übernahmerand belegt, übernommen wird,
    einen Abschnitt (45) zum Öffnen/Schließen des Vlieses in zwei Halbvliese, um ein Fach (16) vor dem ersten und dritten Übernahmemittel gemäß der Herstellungsrichtung der Bahn abzugrenzen
    Mittel (17-18), um einerseits den Faden (15n) des Vlieses, das den Übernahmerand belegt, vor dem dritten Übernahmemittel abzuschneiden, andererseits zwischen dem ersten und dem dritten Übernahmemittel einen Teil (15na) Faden zu belassen, der dazu bestimmt ist, einen Faden (2) der Bahn zu bilden, und ferner das Segment Faden (15nb), das zwischen dem Schnitt und dem zweiten Übernahmemittel liegt, aufzunehmen und in das offene Fach einzufügen,
    und Mittel (50) zum Anschlagen jedes Segments Faden (15nb), das eingefügt ist und um es vom ersten und dritten Mittel übernehmen zu lassen, die das Führen der so hergestellten Diagonalstoffbahn gewährleisten.
  24. Diagonalwebstuhl nach Anspruch 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schärabschnitt verbunden mit dem Anbringungsrand (10') eine Vorrichtung (40) zum aufeinander folgenden Anbringen eines Fadens (15n) umfasst, der zwischen dem Eingangsende des ersten und dem Eingangsende des zweiten Übernahme- und Transfermittels gespannt ist.
  25. Diagonalwebstuhl nach Anspruch 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung zum Anbringen (40) aus einem Greifmittel (41) besteht, das eine elementare Länge Faden von einer Spule (14) abwickelt, sie zwischen dem Eingangsabschnitt des ersten und dem Eingangsabschnitt des zweiten Übernahmemittels anbringen kann und dadurch, dass die Vorrichtung mit einem Organ verbunden ist, das diese elementare Länge abschneiden kann.
  26. Diagonalwebstuhl nach Anspruch 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung zum Anbringen (40) aus einem Zickzack-Schusswagen besteht, der einen Faden von einer Spule abwickelt und ihn um Stifte oder Nadeln legt, die vom ersten und zweiten Übernahme- und Transfermittel präsentiert werden, und dadurch, dass es dann ein zusätzliches Schneidorgan (17a) umfasst, das sich am Ausgang des zweiten Transfermittels (12) befindet.
  27. Diagonalwebstuhl nach Anspruch 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Übernahme- und Transfermittel aus Endlosbändern bestehen, die in synchronen Verschiebungen bewegt werden.
  28. Diagonalwebstuhl nach Anspruch 23 oder 27, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Übernahme- und Transfermittel mit Systemen zum vorübergehenden Anhängen der Fäden versehen sind.
  29. Diagonalwebstuhl nach einem der Ansprüche 23, 27 oder 28, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Übernahme- und Transfermittel eine Richtung von 45° zu der der Fäden des Vlieses einnehmen.
  30. Diagonalwebstuhl nach einem der Ansprüche 23 und 27 bis 29, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste und/oder das zweite Übernahmemittel mit Mitteln (33) zum Bördeln mindestens eines der Ränder der Bahn verbunden sind.
  31. Diagonalwebstuhl nach Anspruch 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Öffnungs-Schließ-Abschnitt ein System von Kämmen (50) umfasst, die einzeln die Fäden (15n) des Vlieses übernehmen und ihre Seitenführung, ihren schrittweisen Transfer und ihr relatives Beabstanden gewährleisten, das in Abhängigkeit von der ausgewählten Armur ausgewählt wird, um das Einfügefach und das Anschlagen des Segments eingefügten Fadens abzugrenzen.
  32. Diagonalwebstuhl nach Anspruch 31, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das System von Kämmen (50) für jeden Faden des Vlieses ein elastisch verformbares Messer (52) umfasst, das mit einem Stößel (56) mit selektiver Steuerung verbunden ist und einen Bügel (51) zum seitlichen Führen des Fadens, seitlichen Transfer dieses Letzteren und Anschlagen des Segments eingefügten Fadens bildet.
  33. Diagonalwebstuhl nach Anspruch 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zum Schneiden des Fadens (15n), die den Übernahmerand (10") belegen, und zu dessen Einfügen in das Fach (16) ein Organ (17) zum Schneiden des Fadens, ein Organ (18) zum Aufnehmen des Segments Faden (15nb) zwischen dem Schnitt und dem zweiten Übernahmemittel (12) und ein Organ (61) zum Einfügen des Segments in das Fach vom Übernahmerand in Richtung zum Anbringungsrand (10') umfassen.
  34. Diagonalwebstuhl nach Anspruch 33, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Einfügeorgan eine Lanze ist.
  35. Diagonalwebstuhl nach Anspruch 33, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Greiforgan eine Lanze ist, die schwenkend montiert ist und das Segment abgeschnittenen Faden parallel zu seiner Länge aufnehmen, diesem in der gleichen Ebene eine Verschiebung von 90° verleihen kann, um es in Gegenüberstellung mit dem offenen Fach zu bringen und sein Einfügen in das Fach zu gewährleisten.
  36. Diagonalwebstuhl nach einem der Ansprüche 33 bis 35, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zum Schneiden und Einfügen des Fadensegments mit einem Umkehrfinger (70) verbunden sind, der eine Orientierungsfunktion gewährleistet.
  37. Diagonalwebstuhl nach Anspruch 36, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Umkehrfinger (70) eine Zylinderstange (71) verbunden mit einer Leiste (72) umfasst, mit der er eine Durchgangsöffnung des Fadens (15n) abgrenzt, die den Übernahmerand (10") belegt, wobei die Stange zur Richtung des Fadens um 45° orientiert ist.
  38. Diagonalwebstuhl nach Anspruch 37, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stange auf ihrer Achse orientierbar montiert ist.
  39. Diagonalwebstuhl nach Anspruch 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er eine Vorrichtung zum Einfügen mindestens eines geraden Verstärkungsfadens (6) umfasst, der parallel zu der Länge der Bahn angebracht und zwischen den Fäden des Vlieses und den Segmenten eingefügter Fäden eingeschlossen ist.
  40. Diagonalwebstuhl nach Anspruch 39, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einfügevorrichtung eine Fadenführungsöse (82) umfasst, die im Wesentlichen im rechten Winkel zum Öffnungs-Schließ-Abschnitt des Vlieses angeordnet ist.
  41. Diagonalwebstuhl nach Anspruch 39 oder 40, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einfügevorrichtung eine abnehmbare Ausrichtnadel (83), die im Wesentlichen im rechten Winkel zum letzten Segment eingefügten Fadens und um eine Fadenbreite zur Öse versetzt angeordnet ist, umfasst.
EP00911023A 1999-03-22 2000-03-22 Schräges gewebe, verfahren und webmaschine zur kontinuierlichen herstellung eines solchen gewebes Expired - Lifetime EP1163385B1 (de)

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FR9903696 1999-03-22
FR9903696A FR2791365B1 (fr) 1999-03-22 1999-03-22 Tissu en biais, procede de fabrication et metier a tisser pour la fabrication en continu d'un tel tissu
PCT/FR2000/000710 WO2000056965A1 (fr) 1999-03-22 2000-03-22 Tissu en biais, procede de fabrication et metier a tisser pour la fabrication en continu d'un tel tissu

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DE60010676D1 (de) 2004-06-17
CA2366296C (fr) 2008-10-28
FR2791365B1 (fr) 2001-06-22
ATE266753T1 (de) 2004-05-15
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JP4567205B2 (ja) 2010-10-20
US6494235B1 (en) 2002-12-17

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