EP1161570B1 - Verfahren zur beschichtung eines trägerkörpers mit einem hartmagnetischen se-fe-b-material mittels plasmaspritzens - Google Patents
Verfahren zur beschichtung eines trägerkörpers mit einem hartmagnetischen se-fe-b-material mittels plasmaspritzens Download PDFInfo
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- EP1161570B1 EP1161570B1 EP00920387A EP00920387A EP1161570B1 EP 1161570 B1 EP1161570 B1 EP 1161570B1 EP 00920387 A EP00920387 A EP 00920387A EP 00920387 A EP00920387 A EP 00920387A EP 1161570 B1 EP1161570 B1 EP 1161570B1
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- Prior art keywords
- coating
- temperature
- support body
- layer
- stage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F10/00—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
- H01F10/08—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers
- H01F10/10—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition
- H01F10/12—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition being metals or alloys
- H01F10/126—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition being metals or alloys containing rare earth metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/14—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for coating a carrier body with a layer of hard magnetic Material of the SE-FE-B material system, with the SE component at least one rare earth metal and at least the FE component contain a ferromagnetic element.
- the coating process comprises a plasma spraying process, in which a melted powder from a primary material of the hard magnetic material to be trained on the Carrier body is sprayed.
- a plasma spraying process in which a melted powder from a primary material of the hard magnetic material to be trained on the Carrier body is sprayed.
- During the coating process are used for each area of the Carrier body several coating phases with heating the surface of the layer to be coated and each an intermediate, coating-free phase is provided.
- the method and the associated device are based on the DE 195 31 861 A1. Similar processes are known, for example, from US Pat. No. 4,297,388, US Pat. No. 4,897,283, and the Journal of Material Science, 15 July 1992, 27 (14), pages 3
- magnetic materials based on material systems which contain a rare earth metal (SE) and a ferromagnetic transition metal (FE) and are characterized by a high coercive field strength H c and a high energy density (B ⁇ H) max .
- SE rare earth metal
- FE ferromagnetic transition metal
- B ⁇ H max high energy density
- an isotropic Nd-Fe-B magnetic material can be obtained on a support body made of copper (Cu) heated to 600 ° C, heat treatment being provided at 750 ° C for 0.5 hours after the deposition process. This heat treatment can significantly increase the coercive force, the remanence and the energy product.
- the cited publication also mentions a coercive field strength H c for anisotropic material of 12 kA / cm sprayed onto a support body made of Cu held at 600 ° C.
- the aforementioned DE-A document is a a coating process comprising a plasma spraying process remove, in the case of a base body such as a melted body of an electrical machine Powder from a primary material of a trainee hard magnetic material is sprayed on.
- a base body such as a melted body of an electrical machine Powder from a primary material of a trainee hard magnetic material is sprayed on.
- An area of the base body should have several coating phases are suspended between which each is applied material and the underlying material can cool down. The rate of cooling is obvious so high that after the coating process the material is amorphous is.
- the base body must therefore be at high temperatures from, for example, 800 to 900 ° C, so that Recrystallize material.
- the object of the present invention is the known method further to improve so that layers with high coercive force and can be obtained with a relatively large layer thickness.
- the aim is to avoid expensive recrystallization annealing his.
- This object is achieved according to the invention solved in that the carrier body at least in one at least its zone facing the surface to be coated towards the end of the coating process Recrystallization of a hard magnetic phase of the hard magnetic Material ensuring temperature level raised becomes. In addition to the hard magnetic phase, if necessary other phases are present in the hard magnetic material his.
- the measures according to the invention are based on the knowledge that that fluctuates during the coating process Temperature level a very uniform layer structure with a low porosity and good adhesive properties on the carrier body can be obtained, especially with larger layer thicknesses comparatively higher hard magnetic properties shows when the layer structure is on for recrystallization sufficiently high temperature level through appropriate Heating the carrier body during the coating process is lifted. This temperature level should at the latest be reached towards or at the end of the coating process, can also be achieved much sooner. simultaneously layer residual stresses are relatively low held. This takes into account the fact that with a continuous coating process no thicker Layers with the required consistently good magnetic Let properties be preserved as there are problems with there is local overheating on the carrier body.
- a plasma spray jet is preferred managed so that during a coating phase subsequent coating-free phase with respect one area a coating of another area the carrier body is made. You can see this expediently moving the plasma spray jet and / or the carrier body.
- the coating process according to the invention can also be carried out in several Coating sections are divided by at least a cooling section are interrupted. in this connection has proven to be particularly advantageous when temperature control is carried out on the carrier body in such a way that at least the first coating section of room temperature up to a first maximum temperature, the cooling section from the first maximum temperature to one Intermediate temperature and the second coating section of this intermediate temperature up to a second maximum temperature be provided.
- the first and the second maximum temperature can be at the same temperature level.
- the immediately adjacent sections lead to temperature compensation over the entire surface and therefore also for a particularly even layer structure.
- Such a layer structure is to be ensured in particular if if the first maximum temperature and / or the second maximum temperature from a temperature range between 400 ° C and 900 ° C, in particular between 500 ° C and 800 ° C selected will be.
- the at least one intermediate temperature is also advantageous by at least 20 ° C, preferably by at least 50 ° C lower than the maximum temperature of the previous one Coating phase selected.
- the first coating section advantageously takes one Period between 2 and 15 minutes, preferably between 3 and 10 minutes.
- layers are particularly proportionate large thickness of, for example, over 0.5 mm, preferably over 1 mm.
- a Area to be coated during a coating phase of the carrier body by a plasma spray jet moved relative thereto several times in a corresponding number of Overflows. It is preferably with everyone Overflow a partial layer with a thickness between 1 and 20 microns, especially between 3 and 15 microns applied. In at least The layer on the Deposited support body with the desired total thickness become. With each overflow, only a partial area of the area of the carrier body detected during an overflow detected. This leads to a further equalization of the Temperature on the support body or a corresponding reduction from local overheating and also to one Improve the straight with regard to relatively thick Layers of important good adhesion of the deposited material with low porosity.
- the support body can optionally still undergo heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment in particular at at least one temperature level between 550 ° and 800 ° C, is preferably between 600 ° and 750 ° C.
- the heat treatment in particular at at least one temperature level between 550 ° and 800 ° C, is preferably between 600 ° and 750 ° C.
- a suitable one for carrying out the method according to the invention coater can a known one Plasma spray gun, in whose plasma flame the primary material is to introduce means for holding the support body with respect one aimed at him, exiting the sprayer Spray jet and means for temperature adjustment on the support body. With such measures are to achieve the advantages of the claimed process control.
- the carrier body is advantageously simple by means of it receiving, to be placed at a predetermined temperature level Bracket indirectly at the desired temperature level to keep.
- the temperature level of the carrier body leaves adjust itself easily when the holder is coolable is. This is the hot ambient temperature of the plasma spraying process on the carrier body to the desired extent.
- means for relative can be particularly advantageous Movement of the carrier body with respect to the plasma spraying device be provided.
- the plasma spray device be designed to be pivotable. In this way complicated geometries of carrier bodies can also be created and coat large areas effortlessly.
- the method is particularly suitable for the formation of layers which contain at least the components Nd, Fe and B of the SE-FE-B material, in particular at least largely the hard magnetic Nd 2 Fe 14 B phase.
- Corresponding layers are advantageously deposited on a carrier body made of Cu or a material containing Cu, in particular of a Cu alloy, or of an alloyed or unalloyed steel.
- the device is a substrate or carrier body 3 with a Layer 4 made of a special hard magnetic material in a volume V one which can be evacuated to a residual pressure p not shown, known coating chamber coat.
- the device 2 has a known one Spray device 5 for plasma spraying.
- This device includes a Housing 6, in which a cathode 7 and one serving as an anode Nozzle 8 are present. They are also feeders for one Powder inlet 9, for a plasma gas 10 and channels 11 for a coolant, for example water.
- the carrier body 3 is fastened to a holder 12 which is preferably coolable. It therefore points e.g. cooling channels 13 for guiding a (further) coolant such as e.g. water on.
- the bracket is also advantageously in a large-area thermal connection with the support body, so that its temperature level can be influenced by the bracket is.
- the carrier body consists of one of the temperature conditions adapted to the plasma spraying process or ceramic material.
- Metallic carrier materials preferably Cu or a Cu-containing material such as e.g. a Cu alloy or alloyed or unalloyed steels such as e.g. CrNi steel are especially for reasons of heat conduction particularly suitable.
- An electrical generator 14 is used between the cathode 7 and the nozzle 8 designed as an anode a high voltage applied so that an arc is ignited.
- a plasma flame 15 arises the opening of the nozzle 8 through which a conical spray jet 16 of the powder fed laterally via the powder inlet 9 is formed. It can thus be on the substrate 3 form large-area spray layer 4.
- This powder can be a powder mixture of the individual components of the material to be formed or an alloy powder which does not yet have the desired magnetic properties. Since the basic type SE-FE-B mentioned only needs to form the basis for the material to be formed, this means that the three components mentioned are also partially, ie less than 50 atomic%, replaced by corresponding other components in a manner known per se can.
- Nd-Fe-B in particular, as the main representative of the SE-FE-B system, it is possible to partially remove the Nd component by at least one other element from the group of rare earth metals, whose atomic number in the periodic table of elements is between 57 and 66 ( included) to replace.
- Co and / or Ni can also be selected for part of the ferromagnetic metal Fe as the FE component.
- a small proportion of the B component (to a maximum of 3 atomic% within the total composition of the starting powder mixture) can advantageously also be replaced in a known manner by other elements, for example by Si. However, these substituents can also serve to replace the Fe component accordingly.
- the alloy of the layer to be formed then has the composition SE x (FE, ZM) y B z .
- V, Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Mn, Cr, Mo and W are particularly suitable as ZM elements.
- the value ranges for the proportions x, y and z remain the same.
- a deposition and formation of a layer from a material of the material system Nd-Fe-B which contains the hard magnetic Nd 2 Fe 14 B phase at least to a large extent (ie to more than 50% by volume) is assumed below as an exemplary embodiment.
- the coating of a carrier body 3 according to the invention by means of a plasma spraying process in an evacuable volume V offers considerable advantages over other coating processes Benefits.
- This has a very even layer structure a low porosity especially due to the high kinetic Energy of the individual spray particles in the spray jet 16 in a row.
- the low porosity also contributes to this at that have good hard magnetic properties within Layer 4 can adjust.
- both high remanence values are to also ensure high coercive field strengths of the end product of the layer. Due to the high particle speeds that can be achieved with a vacuum plasma spraying and in generally lie between 400 to 600 m / s, this also results a high adhesive tensile strength between the material of the Carrier body 3 and the material of layer 4.
- a preferred one Embodiment of the coating device 2 provides for this before that the carrier body 3 relative to the plasma spray device 5 is to be moved.
- the plasma spraying device in both the horizontal and vertical directions pivoted.
- Carrier bodies can thus be used complicated geometries and / or large area with ease Provide layers of the hard magnetic material.
- the process management advantageously so is that the carrier body 3 in the horizontal direction simultaneous pivoting of the plasma spray device 5 performed and thus enables a large-area coating becomes.
- the carrier body through the in the coating chamber prevailing ambient temperature of the plasma spraying process and especially by the striking Plasma spray jet 16 heated.
- the specific temperature on Carrier body can be indirectly by cooling the adjust holder 12 thermally connected to the carrier body.
- coating breaks are provided.
- the carrier body heats up phases or coating pauses 3 at least despite a possible initial cooling in a near-surface zone from room temperature to one first maximum temperature, this maximum temperature advantageously between 400 ° C and 900 ° C, especially between 500 ° C and 800 ° C. For example, a maximum temperature of about 760 ° C.
- a near-surface Zone of the carrier body becomes a to be coated Surface (3a, see Fig. 6) adjacent portion of the Carrier body with a predetermined, in the carrier body protruding minimum depth understood. This minimum depth is generally in the millimeter range, for example 1 mm.
- the first coating stage generally lasts between 2 and 15 minutes, for example between 3 and 10 Minutes.
- the carrier body After the carrier body has been on for a few minutes this maximum temperature was heated using the plasma spray 16 the area of the carrier body to be coated by swiveling the plasma spraying device accordingly 5 sweeps, a special cooling section connect without coating.
- the carrier body cools because of the cooling of it Bracket 12 and because of the lack of exposure to the Plasma spray jet 16 as a function of the pause duration one lower by at least 20 ° C, preferably at least 50 ° C as the above-mentioned maximum temperature intermediate temperature from.
- the intermediate temperature in one Temperature range between 100 ° C and 500 ° C such as at 170 ° C lie.
- This cooling section can then have several Connect the next coating section for minutes, during which the carrier body 3 to a second Maximum temperature, for example the first maximum temperature corresponds, is heated again.
- this cycle includes the cooling section and the coating / heating section at least one more corresponding cycle. At the end of the entire coating process, that within the first coating section and the at least one cycle generally at least 50 Overflows of the plasma spray jet, there is then a lamella-like, at least largely crystalline structure of the Layer 4 before, but their magnetic properties still cannot be optimal.
- the carrier body 3 coated in this way can therefore subsequently in a conventional manner a heat treatment or Annealing at at least one predetermined temperature level subjected to the desired magnetic Optimize properties.
- the at least one annealing temperature is generally between 550 ° and 800 ° C, preferably between 600 ° and 750 ° C. Thereby, for the duration of the heat treatment usually a period of at least half an hour.
- the carrier body 3 can optionally magnetization treatment after the coating process undergo so in the hard magnetic To impress a preferred direction of magnetization.
- the following table shows the influence of subsequent heat treatments of several samples at different temperatures on the coercive force H c .
- the samples each had layers of Nd-Fe-B deposited according to the invention with a stoichiometry corresponding to the hard magnetic phase.
- the carrier bodies consisted of Cu or a chromium-nickel (CrMi) steel. The thickness of the deposited layers was also varied.
- the heat treatments were carried out for one hour in a high vacuum.
- the intermediate temperature at the end of the single cooling section between two heating sections was approximately 170 ° C.
- layer thicknesses D of at least 0.5 mm are particularly advantageous. It should also be noted that the second Cu sample, for whose maximum temperatures 760 ° C was chosen, has the highest coercive force values H c when annealed at approximately 700 ° C.
- FIG. 3 shows in a diagram the hysteresis curve of the correspondingly produced material (sample No. 9) after the optimized heat treatment following the plasma spraying process.
- the diagram shows the magnetic field strength H (in kOe) in the abscissa direction and the magnetic polarization J (in T) in the ordinate direction.
- the individual coating and cooling sections take approximately equal time intervals in the order of magnitude between 1.5 and 5 minutes.
- the method according to the invention is not limited to such a procedure. For example, a very gradual rise in temperature during the first coating section over a comparatively longer period of time, for example between 5 and 12 minutes, can be provided, which is then generally followed by several cycles of cooling and coating sections of substantially shorter duration. The individual phases of such a cycle can last between 0.3 minutes and 3 minutes.
- FIG. 4 A corresponding exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention can be seen from the diagram shown as FIG. 4 in a representation corresponding to FIG.
- the diagram shows the profile of the carrier body temperature T as a function of the time t after optimization of the carrier body guidance.
- a repeated sequence (cycle) of a cooling section and a coating section followed, the temperature drop during the cooling section being around 20 ° C.
- Each of the 5 cycles here lasted a total of about 1 minute.
- the approximately 1 mm thick layer on a CrNi steel carrier body showed a maximum coercive field strength H c of 13.5 kA / cm after tempering in a high vacuum at 720 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the hard magnetic material is separated from the SE-FE-B material system by means of a special plasma spraying process in several coating phases.
- a corresponding build-up of a layer of this material on a particularly cooled carrier body 3 is indicated in the sectional views in FIGS. 5 to 7.
- a desired thickness d of the layer 4 of more than 0.5 mm, preferably of at least 1 mm, for example of several millimeters (cf. FIG. 7), is achieved by a large number of coating phases hereinafter referred to as overflows or scans of the plasma jet.
- overflows or scans of the plasma jet a layer increase ⁇ d (see FIG.
- the recrystallization temperature of the hard magnetic phase of the material system which is between approximately 500 and 550 ° C, the entire layer is then successively crystallized.
- This crystallization process can be seen from FIGS. 5 to 7.
- the initially amorphous partial layers 1 a (cf. FIG. 5) are crystallized out from the surface 3 a of the substrate or carrier body 3 because of the heating of the carrier body that goes along with the progressing coating process.
- These crystallized partial layers are denoted by l k and form a layer zone z facing the surface 3a (cf. FIG. 6).
- This crystallized zone z thus grows as the coating process proceeds from the surface 3a and extends at the end of the coating process practically through the entire layer 4 of thickness d (cf. FIG. 7).
- This heat treatment integrated into the process control can advantageously at least largely dispense with the subsequent heat treatment required for recrystallization.
Description
- deren Figur 1
- einen Querschnitt durch die wesentlichen Teile einer geeigneten Beschichtungsvorrichtung,
- deren Figur 2
- in einem Diagramm dem Temperaturverlauf während eines Plasmaspritzprozesses am Anfang des erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungsverfahrens,
- deren Figur 3
- in einem Diagramm die Hysteresiskurve einer erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Schicht,
- deren Figur 4
- in einem Diagramm den weiteren Temperaturverlauf
bei dem Verfahren nach der Erfindung
und - deren Figuren 5 bis 7
- die sukzessive Ausbreitung der kristallinen Zone einer Schicht während eines erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungsvorganges.
wobei für die einzelnen Anteile gelten soll: 6 ≤ x ≤ 11,
83 ≤ y < 87 und 4 ≤ z < 6 (jeweils in Atom-%; mit
x + y + z ≈ 100 unter Einschluß unvermeidbarer Verunreinigungen). Diese Anteilsgrenzen gelten insbesondere für den Fall FE = Fe. Bei Substitutionen des Fe partiell durch Ni oder Co können sich auch davon abweichende Grenzen ergeben.
- Tm =
- Maximaltemperatur(en) während des Plasmaspritzprozesses,
- Hc =
- Koezitivfeldstärke,
- Tt =
- Tempertemperatur der nachträglichen Wärmebehandlung,
- a.q. =
- Plasmaspritzprozeß ohne nachträgliche Wärmebehandlung,
- D =
- Dicke der abgeschiedenen Schicht.
Claims (22)
- Verfahren zur Beschichtung eines Trägerkörpers mit einer Schicht aus hartmagnetischem Material des Stoffsystems SE-FE-B, wobei die SE-Komponente zumindest ein Seltenes Erdmetall und die FE-Komponente zumindest ein ferromagnetisches Element enthalten, bei welchem Verfahren der Beschichtungsvorgang einen Plasmaspritzprozeß umfasst, bei dem ein aufgeschmolzenes Pulver aus einem Vormaterial des auszubildenden hartmagnetischen Materials auf den Trägerkörper aufgespritzt wird, wobei während des Beschichtungsvorganges für jeden zu beschichtenden Bereich des Trägerkörpers (3) mehrere Beschichtungsphasen unter Aufheizung der jeweils zu beschichtenden Oberfläche und jeweils eine dazwischenliegende beschichtungsfreie Phase vorgesehen werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Trägerkörper (3) wenigstens in einer seiner zu beschichtenden Oberfläche (3a) zugewandten Zone zumindest gegen Ende des Beschichtungsvorganges auf ein eine Rekristallisierung einer hartmagnetischen Phase des hartmagnetischen Materials gewährleistendes Temperaturniveau gehoben wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Trägerkörper (3) zumindest in seiner oberflächennahen Zone auf ein Temperaturniveau angehoben wird, das höchstens 100°C über der Rekristallisationstemperatur der hartmagnetischen Phase liegt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass von einem Plasmaspritzstrahl (16) nacheinander und wiederholt verschiedene Bereiche des Trägerkörpers (3) erfaßt werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, gekennzeichnet durch ein Bewegen des Plasmaspritzstrahls (16) und/oder des Trägerkörpers (3).
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein zu beschichtender Bereich des Trägerkörpers (3) von einem relativ dazu bewegten Plasmaspritzstrahl (16) mehrfach in einer entsprechenden Anzahl von Überläufen als den Beschichtungsphasen überstrichen wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mit jedem Überlauf eine Teilschicht mit einer Dicke (Δd) zwischen 1 und 20 µm, vorzugsweise zwischen 3 und 15 µm aufgebracht wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schicht (4) auf den Trägerkörper (3) mit einer Gesamtdicke (d) in mindestens 50 Überläufen lamellenartig aufgebracht wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Beschichtungsvorgang in mehrere Beschichtungsabschnitte (I; III) unterteilt wird, die von mindestens einem Abkühlungsabschnitt (II) unterbrochen werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest der erste Beschichtungsabschnitt (I) von Raumtemperatur bis zu einer ersten Maximaltemperatur, der Abkühlungsabschnitt (II) von der ersten Maximaltemperatur bis zu einer Zwischentemperatur und der zweite Beschichtungsabschnitt (III) von der Zwischentemperatur bis zu einer zweiten Maximaltemperatur vorgesehen werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Maximaltemperatur und/oder die zweite Maximaltemperatur in einem Temperaturbereich zwischen 400°C und 900°C, insbesondere zwischen 500°C und 800°C liegen/liegt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens eine Zwischentemperatur um wenigstens 20°C, vorzugsweise um wenigstens 50°C tiefer liegend gewählt wird als die Maximaltemperatur der vorangehenden Beschichtungsphase.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Beschichtungsabschnitt (I) einen Zeitraum zwischen 2 und 15 Minuten, vorzugsweise zwischen 3 und 10 Minuten einnimmt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Anschluß an den ersten Beschichtungsabschnitt (I) mehrere Zyklen aus jeweils einem Abkühlungsabschnitt (II) und einem Beschichtungsabschnitt (III) vorgesehen werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Beschichtungsabschnitt (I) eine Zeitdauer zwischen 5 und 12 Minuten einnimmt und der Abkühlungsabschnitt (II) und Beschichtungsabschnitt (III) jedes Zyklus jeweils eine Zeitdauer zwischen 0,3 und 3 Minuten einnehmen.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Trägerkörper (3) nach dem Beschichtungsvorgang einer Wärmebehandlung unterzogen wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wärmebehandlung auf mindestens einem Temperaturniveau vorgenommen wird, das zwischen 550° und 800°C, vorzugsweise zwischen 600° und 750°C liegt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 15 oder 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Wärmebehandlung von mindestens einer halben Stunde Dauer vorgesehen wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Trägerkörper (3) nach dem Beschichtungsvorgang einer Magnetisierungsbehandlung unterzogen wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Trägerkörper (3) aus Cu oder einem Cu-haltigen Material, insbesondere einer Cu-Legierung, oder aus einem legierten oder unlegierten Stahl vorgesehen wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Schicht (4) ausgebildet wird, die zumindest die Komponenten Nd, Fe und B des SE-FE-B-Materials enthält.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Schicht (4) ausgebildet wird, die zumindest großenteils die hartmagnetische Nd2Fe14B-Phase enthält.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Schicht (4) mit einer Dicke von über 0,5 mm, vorzugsweise von mindestens 1 mm abgeschieden wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19911609 | 1999-03-16 | ||
DE19911609 | 1999-03-16 | ||
DE10002346 | 2000-01-20 | ||
DE10002346A DE10002346A1 (de) | 1999-03-16 | 2000-01-20 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beschichtung eines Trägerkörpers mit einem hartmagnetischen SE-FE-B-Material mittels Plasmaspritzens |
PCT/DE2000/000781 WO2000055384A1 (de) | 1999-03-16 | 2000-03-13 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur beschichtung eines trägerkörpers mit einem hartmagnetischen se-fe-b-material mittels plasmaspritzens |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1161570A1 EP1161570A1 (de) | 2001-12-12 |
EP1161570B1 true EP1161570B1 (de) | 2003-07-30 |
Family
ID=26003944
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00920387A Expired - Lifetime EP1161570B1 (de) | 1999-03-16 | 2000-03-13 | Verfahren zur beschichtung eines trägerkörpers mit einem hartmagnetischen se-fe-b-material mittels plasmaspritzens |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1161570B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2002539331A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000055384A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009032222A1 (de) | 2009-07-08 | 2010-04-15 | Daimler Ag | Elektrische Maschine sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen einer elektrischen Maschine |
CN102439193A (zh) * | 2009-05-08 | 2012-05-02 | 苏舍美特科公司 | 用于衬底覆层的方法以及具有覆层的衬底 |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101830865B (zh) * | 2010-03-19 | 2012-05-02 | 华东交通大学 | 一种含羟基的噻二唑衍生物及其制备方法和应用 |
CN107254656B (zh) * | 2017-08-17 | 2023-06-13 | 桂林电子科技大学 | 钕铁硼永磁材料表面等离子喷涂陶瓷层及其制备方法 |
CN109468576B (zh) * | 2018-12-29 | 2021-01-22 | 安徽大地熊新材料股份有限公司 | 一种烧结钕铁硼磁体表面高耐蚀涂层及其制备方法 |
KR102396336B1 (ko) * | 2020-04-10 | 2022-05-11 | (주)티티에스 | 냉각장치를 포함하는 지그 및 이를 포함하는 슬러리 플라즈마 스프레이 장치 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4297388A (en) * | 1978-11-06 | 1981-10-27 | The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. | Process of making permanent magnets |
US4897283A (en) * | 1985-12-20 | 1990-01-30 | The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. | Process of producing aligned permanent magnets |
JPH04214849A (ja) * | 1990-12-14 | 1992-08-05 | Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd | トルクセンサ用磁歪膜の形成方法 |
AU6733196A (en) * | 1995-08-30 | 1997-03-19 | Danfoss A/S | Method of producing magnetic poles on a base member, and rotor of an electrical machine |
-
2000
- 2000-03-13 EP EP00920387A patent/EP1161570B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-13 JP JP2000605800A patent/JP2002539331A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-03-13 WO PCT/DE2000/000781 patent/WO2000055384A1/de active IP Right Grant
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102439193A (zh) * | 2009-05-08 | 2012-05-02 | 苏舍美特科公司 | 用于衬底覆层的方法以及具有覆层的衬底 |
CN102439193B (zh) * | 2009-05-08 | 2013-11-06 | 苏舍美特科公司 | 用于衬底覆层的方法以及具有覆层的衬底 |
DE102009032222A1 (de) | 2009-07-08 | 2010-04-15 | Daimler Ag | Elektrische Maschine sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen einer elektrischen Maschine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2002539331A (ja) | 2002-11-19 |
WO2000055384A1 (de) | 2000-09-21 |
EP1161570A1 (de) | 2001-12-12 |
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