WO2000055384A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur beschichtung eines trägerkörpers mit einem hartmagnetischen se-fe-b-material mittels plasmaspritzens - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur beschichtung eines trägerkörpers mit einem hartmagnetischen se-fe-b-material mittels plasmaspritzens Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000055384A1 WO2000055384A1 PCT/DE2000/000781 DE0000781W WO0055384A1 WO 2000055384 A1 WO2000055384 A1 WO 2000055384A1 DE 0000781 W DE0000781 W DE 0000781W WO 0055384 A1 WO0055384 A1 WO 0055384A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- temperature
- support body
- hard magnetic
- layer
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 40
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108091081062 Repeated sequence (DNA) Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005280 amorphization Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002294 plasma sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010290 vacuum plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F10/00—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
- H01F10/08—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers
- H01F10/10—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition
- H01F10/12—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition being metals or alloys
- H01F10/126—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition being metals or alloys containing rare earth metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/14—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for coating a support body with a layer of hard magnetic material of the SE-FE-B material system, the SE component containing at least one rare earth metal and the FE component containing at least one ferromagnetic element.
- the coating process comprises a plasma sputtering process in which a melted powder is sprayed onto the carrier body from a pre-material of the hard magnetic material to be formed.
- a plurality of coating phases are provided for each area of the carrier body to be coated, with heating of the surface of the layer to be coated in each case, and in each case an intermediate, coating-free phase.
- the invention further relates to a corresponding
- SE rare earth metal
- FE ferromagnetic transition metal
- H c high coercive force
- BH high energy density
- an isotropic Nd-Fe-B magnet material can be obtained on a support body made of copper (Cu) heated to 600 ° C., after the deposition process heat treatment for 0.5 hours at 750 ° C. With this heat treatment, the coercive field strength, the remanence and the energy product can be increased considerably.
- a coercive field strength H c for anisotropic material of 12 sprayed onto a support body made of Cu kept at 600 ° C. called kA / cm.
- the above-mentioned DE-A document shows a coating process comprising a plasma spraying process, in which a melted powder made from a starting material of a hard magnetic material to be formed is sprayed onto a base body, such as a rotor body of an electrical machine.
- a base body such as a rotor body of an electrical machine.
- Each area of the base body to be coated should be exposed to several coating phases, between which the respectively applied material and the underlying material can cool down.
- the cooling rate is obviously so high that the material is amorphous after the coating process.
- the basic body must therefore be heated to high temperatures of, for example, 800 to 900 ° C in order to recrystallize the material.
- the object of the present invention is to further improve the known method and the device for carrying it out, so that layers with a high coercive force and a comparatively large layer thickness can be obtained. Elaborate recrystallization annealing should be avoided.
- the support body is raised to a temperature level which ensures re-installation of a hard magnetic phase of the hard magnetic material, at least in a zone facing its surface to be coated, at least towards the end of the coating process.
- further phases may optionally be present in the hard magnetic material.
- the measures according to the invention are based on the knowledge that, during the coating process with a fluctuating temperature level, a very uniform layer structure with a low porosity and good adhesive property can be obtained on the support body, which is particularly the case with larger layer thicknesses. Comparatively higher hard magnetic properties are shown if the layer structure is raised to a temperature level which is sufficiently high for recrystallization by appropriate heating of the carrier body during the coating process. This temperature level should be reached by or at the end of the coating process at the latest, but can also be reached much sooner. At the same time, residual layer stresses are kept relatively low. Here it is taken into account that a continuous coating process does not result in thicker layers
- a plasma spray jet advantageously advantageously and repeatedly detects different regions of the carrier body.
- the plasma spray jet is preferably guided such that a coating of another area of the carrier body is carried out with respect to one area during a coating-free phase following a coating phase.
- the coating process according to the invention can also be subdivided into a plurality of coating sections which are interrupted by at least one cooling section. It has proven to be particularly advantageous here if temperature control is carried out on the support body in such a way that at least the first coating section from room temperature to a first maximum temperature, the cooling section from the first maximum temperature to an intermediate temperature and the second coating section from this intermediate temperature up to a second maximum temperature.
- the first and the second maximum temperature can be at the same temperature level.
- the sections immediately adjacent to each other lead to temperature compensation over the entire surface and therefore to a particularly uniform layer structure.
- Such a layer structure is to be ensured in particular if the first maximum temperature and / or the second maximum temperature are selected from a temperature range between 400 ° C. and 900 ° C., in particular between 500 ° C. and 800 ° C.
- the at least one intermediate temperature is advantageously chosen to be at least 20 ° C., preferably at least 50 ° C. lower than the maximum temperature of the preceding coating phase.
- the first coating section advantageously takes between 2 and 15 minutes, preferably between 3 and 10 minutes.
- a coating section are provided line section a plurality of cycles in each case one cut and Abkuhlungsab-.
- a region of the carrier body to be coated during a coating phase has a corresponding number of times of a plasma spray jet moved relative to it
- Overflow is swept over.
- a partial layer with a thickness between 1 and 20 ⁇ m, in particular between 3 and 15 ⁇ m, is preferably applied with each overflow. In at least 50 such overflows, the layer can then be deposited on the carrier body with the desired total thickness. With each overflow, only a partial area of the area of the carrier body that is detected during an overflow is thus detected. This leads to a further equalization of the temperature on the support body or to a corresponding reduction in local overheating and also to one
- the support body can optionally also be subjected to a heat treatment, the heat treatment being carried out in particular at at least one temperature level which is between 550 ° and 800 ° C., preferably between 600 ° and 750 ° C.
- a heat treatment can be used to improve the magnetic properties of the deposited, at least largely crystalline, material of the layer.
- the support body is advantageously simple to hold indirectly at the desired temperature level by means of a holder which is to be placed and is to be placed at a predetermined temperature level.
- the temperature level of the support body can be easily adjusted if the holder can be cooled.
- the hot ambient temperature of the plasma spraying process on the carrier body can thus be reduced to the desired extent.
- the plasma spray device can be designed to be pivotable. In this way, even complicated geometries of support bodies and large areas can be coated effortlessly.
- the method and the device are particularly suitable for forming layers which contain at least the components Nd, Fe and B of the SE-FE-B material, in particular at least for the most part the hard magnetic Nd ⁇ Fe ⁇ B phase.
- Corresponding layers are advantageously deposited on a support body made of Cu or a copper material, in particular of a Cu alloy, or of an alloyed or unalloyed steel. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing using exemplary embodiments.
- the Figure 1 schematically show a cross section through the essential parts of a suitable Be Schweizerungsvor ⁇ chtung whose figure 2 m a diagram showing the temperature history wah ⁇ end of a plasma spray process at the beginning of the inventive coating method, the 3 m a diagram showing the hysteresis curve of a erfmdungsgebound layer derived thereof 4 shows a diagram of the further temperature profile in the method according to the invention and FIGS. 5 to 7 the successive spread of the crystalline zone of a layer during a coating process according to the invention.
- a substrate or support body 3 is to be coated with a layer 4 made of a special hard magnetic material with a volume V of a coating chamber (not shown) known per se that can be evacuated to a residual pressure p.
- the device 2 has a known spray device 5 for plasma spraying.
- This device comprises a housing 6, in which a cathode 7 and a nozzle 8 serving as an anode are provided.
- a powder inlet 9 for a plasma gas 10 and channels 11 for a coolant, for example water.
- the support body 3 is attached to a holder 12, which is preferably coolable. It therefore has, for example, cooling channels 13 for guiding a (further) cooling agent, such as water.
- the holder is also advantageously located in a large-area thermal connection with the support body, so that its temperature level can be influenced by the holder.
- the carrier body consists of a metallic, adapted to the temperature conditions of the plasma spraying process see or ceramic material.
- Metallic support materials preferably Cu or a Cu-containing material such as a Cu alloy or alloyed or unalloyed steels such as CrNi steel, are particularly suitable for reasons of heat conduction.
- a high voltage is applied between the cathode 7 and the nozzle 8 designed as an anode via an electrical generator 14, so that an arc is ignited.
- the supply of the plasma gas 10 creates a plasma flame 15 at the opening of the nozzle 8, through which a conical spray jet 16 of the powder supplied laterally via the powder inlet 9 is formed.
- a large-area spray layer 4 can thus be formed on the substrate 3.
- SE rare earth material
- FE ferromagnetic element
- the alloy to be formed of the layer to be produced advantageously has the following composition: SE x FE y B z , where the following should apply to the individual proportions: 6 ⁇ x ⁇ 11, 83 ⁇ y ⁇ 87 and 4 ⁇ z ⁇ 6 (in each case m atom% with x + y + z «100 including unavoidable impurities).
- FE Fe
- the alloy of the layer to be formed then has the composition SE X (FE, ZM) y B z .
- V, Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Mn, Cr, Mo and W m in particular come into question as ZM elements.
- the value ranges for the components x, y and z remain the same.
- a deposition and formation of a layer from a material of the material system Nd-Fe-B which contains the hard magnetic Nd 2 Fe ⁇ B phase at least to a large extent (ie to more than 50% by volume) is assumed below as an exemplary embodiment.
- Coating a carrier body 3 according to the invention by means of a plasma spraying process in an evacuable volume V offers considerable advantages over other coating methods.
- the low porosity also contributes to the fact that there are good hard magnetic properties within Layer 4 can adjust.
- desired layer thicknesses of in particular over 0.5 mm, preferably of at least 1 mm, for example between 0.2 and 2 mm can be specifically formed by varying the spraying time.
- the process reduces impurities such as nitrogen and oxygen to a minimum. In this way, both high remanence values and high coercive field strengths of the end product of the layer are to be ensured. Due to the high particle speeds that can be achieved with vacuum plasma spraying and generally lie between 400 to 600 m / s, there is also a high adhesive tensile strength between the material of the carrier body 3 and the material of the layer 4.
- a preferred embodiment of the coating device 2 provides for this that the carrier body 3 can be moved relative to the plasma spraying device 5.
- the plasma spraying device is designed to be pivotable both in the horizontal and in the vertical direction.
- support bodies with complicated geometries and / or large areas can be easily provided with layers made of the hard magnetic material.
- an area of the carrier body to be coated during a coating phase is swept one or preferably several times (m so-called overflow) by the plasma spray jet moved relative to it. With each of these overflows, one becomes lamellar
- Partial layer applied with a thickness which is generally between 3 and 20 microns, preferably between 5 and 15 microns.
- a certain temperature profile on the support body 3 is to be maintained during the plasma spraying process, the process control advantageously being chosen in this way is that the support body is guided 3 m in the horizontal direction with simultaneous pivoting of the plasma spray device 5 and thus a large-area coating is made possible.
- the carrier body is heated by the ambient temperature of the plasma spraying process prevailing in the coating chamber and in particular by the incident plasma spray jet 16.
- the specific temperature on the support body can be indirectly established by cooling the holder 12 thermally connected to the support body.
- several coating phases are provided while the carrier body 3 is being heated and an intermediate phase without coating the carrier body, so-called coating breaks, is provided.
- the support body 3 heats up, in spite of any initial cooling, at least in a zone near the surface from room temperature to a first maximum temperature, this maximum temperature advantageously being between 400 ° C. and 900 ° C, especially between
- a zone of the carrier body near the surface is understood to mean a partial region of the carrier body adjacent to the surface to be coated (3a, see FIG. 6) with a predetermined minimum depth projecting into the carrier body. This minimum depth is generally in the millimeter range, for example 1 mm.
- the first coating section generally lasts between 2 and 15 minutes, for example between 3 and 10 minutes.
- the support body cools due to the cooling of its holder 12 and because of the lack of exposure to the plasma spray jet 16 m, depending on the pause duration, to an intermediate temperature which is at least 20 ° C., preferably at least 50 ° C., lower than the maximum temperature mentioned.
- the intermediate temperature can be in a temperature range between 100 ° C and 500 ° C, such as 170 ° C.
- This cooling section can then be followed by a next coating section that is several minutes long, during which the support body 3 is heated again up to a second maximum temperature, which corresponds, for example, to the first maximum temperature.
- This cycle of cooling section and coating / heating section is advantageously followed by at least one further corresponding cycle.
- At the end of the entire coating process which generally comprises at least 50 overflows of the plasma spray jet within the first coating section and the at least one cycle, there is then a lamellar, at least largely crystalline structure of layer 4, the magnetic properties of which, however, cannot yet be optimal.
- the support body 3 coated in this way can therefore subsequently be subjected to heat treatment or annealing at a predetermined temperature level in a manner known per se in order to optimize the desired magnetic properties.
- the at least one annealing temperature is generally between 550 ° and 800 ° C, preferably between 600 ° and 750 ° C. A period of at least half an hour is normally provided for the duration of the heat treatment.
- the support body 3 can be if necessary, they are subjected to a magnetization treatment after the coating process in order to impress a preferred direction of magnetization in the hard magnetic material.
- the following table shows the influence of subsequent heat treatments of several samples at different temperatures on the coercive field strength H c .
- the samples each had layers of Nd-Fe-B deposited according to the invention with a stochiometry corresponding to the hard magnetic phase.
- the support bodies consisted of Cu or a chrome-nickel (CrNi) steel. The thickness of the deposited layers was also varied.
- the heat treatments were carried out for one hour in a high vacuum.
- the intermediate temperature at the end of the single cooling section between two heating sections was approximately 170 ° C.
- T m maximum temperature (s) during the plasma spraying process
- T t tempering temperature of the subsequent heat treatment
- aq plasma spraying process without subsequent heat treatment
- D thickness of the deposited layer.
- layer thicknesses D of at least 0.5 mm are particularly advantageous. It should also be noted that the second Cu sample, for which the maximum temperature of 760 ° C was chosen, is the highest
- the diagram of FIG. 2 shows the specific heating and cooling cycle of this second Cu sample during the coating process.
- the time t (m mm) and ordmate direction the temperature T on the support body (m ° C.) are plotted in the abscissa direction.
- a first coating section I was immediately followed by a cooling section II to an intermediate temperature of 170 °.
- This cooling section was immediately followed by a new coating section III.
- the coating process was complete after 9 minutes with a layer thickness of 0.5 mm.
- the reinforced points on the curve shown represent temperature measuring points.
- FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the hysteresis curve of the correspondingly produced material (sample No. 9) after the optimized heat treatment following the plasma spraying process.
- the abscissa direction is the magnetic field strength H (m kOe) and the m abscissa direction is the magnetic polarization J (m T).
- H magnetic field strength
- m T magnetic polarization J
- FIGS. 2 and 3 it was assumed that the individual coating and cooling sections had approximately the same length of time. Take intervals m of the order of 1.5 to 5 minutes.
- the method according to the invention is not limited to such a procedure. You can for example also have a very gradual increase in temperature provide the first coating section through a pronouncedswei ⁇ se extended period of, for example, between 5 and 12 minutes while, the then join generally several cycles of Abkuhl- and coating sections of much shorter duration. The individual phases of such a cycle can last between 0.3 minutes and 3 minutes.
- the hard magnetic material is deposited from the SE-FE-B material system by means of a special plasma spotting process in several coating phases.
- a corresponding structure of a layer of this material on a particularly cooled support body 3 is indicated in the sectional views in FIGS. 5 to 7.
- a desired thickness d of layer 4 of more than 0.5 mm, preferably of at least 1 mm, for example of several millimeters (cf. FIG. 7), is determined by a large number of coating phases hereinafter referred to as overflows or scans of the plasma jet reached.
- the delivery speed of the powder e layer growth ⁇ d see FIG.
- each overflow in the micrometer range, in particular between 1 and 20 ⁇ m, preferably between 3 and 15 ⁇ m, for example of approximately 5 ⁇ m .
- three such amorphous partial layers, each with an overflow are designated by l a .
- the initially amorphous partial layers 1 a (cf. FIG. 5) are crystallized out from the surface 3 a of the substrate or support body 3 because of the heating of the support body which is associated with the progressing coating process.
- These crystallized partial layers are denoted by l k and form a layer zone z facing the surface 3a (cf. FIG. 6).
- This crystallized zone z thus grows as the coating process proceeds from the surface 3a and extends at the end of the coating process practically through the entire layer 4 of thickness d (cf. FIG. 7).
- This heat treatment integrated in the process control can advantageously at least largely eliminate the subsequent heat treatment required for re-installation.
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Thin Magnetic Films (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00920387A EP1161570B1 (de) | 1999-03-16 | 2000-03-13 | Verfahren zur beschichtung eines trägerkörpers mit einem hartmagnetischen se-fe-b-material mittels plasmaspritzens |
DE50003103T DE50003103D1 (de) | 1999-03-16 | 2000-03-13 | Verfahren zur beschichtung eines trägerkörpers mit einem hartmagnetischen se-fe-b-material mittels plasmaspritzens |
JP2000605800A JP2002539331A (ja) | 1999-03-16 | 2000-03-13 | 支持体に硬磁性se−fe−b材を被着する方法と装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19911609.1 | 1999-03-16 | ||
DE19911609 | 1999-03-16 | ||
DE10002346.0 | 2000-01-20 | ||
DE10002346A DE10002346A1 (de) | 1999-03-16 | 2000-01-20 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beschichtung eines Trägerkörpers mit einem hartmagnetischen SE-FE-B-Material mittels Plasmaspritzens |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000055384A1 true WO2000055384A1 (de) | 2000-09-21 |
Family
ID=26003944
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2000/000781 WO2000055384A1 (de) | 1999-03-16 | 2000-03-13 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur beschichtung eines trägerkörpers mit einem hartmagnetischen se-fe-b-material mittels plasmaspritzens |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1161570B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2002539331A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000055384A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101830865A (zh) * | 2010-03-19 | 2010-09-15 | 华东交通大学 | 一种含羟基的噻二唑衍生物及其制备方法和应用 |
CN107254656A (zh) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-10-17 | 桂林电子科技大学 | 钕铁硼永磁材料表面等离子喷涂陶瓷层及其制备方法 |
CN109468576A (zh) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-15 | 安徽大地熊新材料股份有限公司 | 一种烧结钕铁硼磁体表面高耐蚀涂层及其制备方法 |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2757074C (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2018-04-10 | Sulzer Metco Ag | Method for coating a substrate and substrate with a coating |
DE102009032222A1 (de) | 2009-07-08 | 2010-04-15 | Daimler Ag | Elektrische Maschine sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen einer elektrischen Maschine |
KR102396336B1 (ko) * | 2020-04-10 | 2022-05-11 | (주)티티에스 | 냉각장치를 포함하는 지그 및 이를 포함하는 슬러리 플라즈마 스프레이 장치 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4297388A (en) * | 1978-11-06 | 1981-10-27 | The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. | Process of making permanent magnets |
US4897283A (en) * | 1985-12-20 | 1990-01-30 | The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. | Process of producing aligned permanent magnets |
JPH04214849A (ja) * | 1990-12-14 | 1992-08-05 | Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd | トルクセンサ用磁歪膜の形成方法 |
DE19531861A1 (de) * | 1995-08-30 | 1997-03-06 | Danfoss As | Verfahren zum Herstellen von magnetischen Polen auf einem Grundkörper und Rotor einer elektrischen Maschine |
-
2000
- 2000-03-13 WO PCT/DE2000/000781 patent/WO2000055384A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2000-03-13 EP EP00920387A patent/EP1161570B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-13 JP JP2000605800A patent/JP2002539331A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4297388A (en) * | 1978-11-06 | 1981-10-27 | The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. | Process of making permanent magnets |
US4897283A (en) * | 1985-12-20 | 1990-01-30 | The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. | Process of producing aligned permanent magnets |
JPH04214849A (ja) * | 1990-12-14 | 1992-08-05 | Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd | トルクセンサ用磁歪膜の形成方法 |
DE19531861A1 (de) * | 1995-08-30 | 1997-03-06 | Danfoss As | Verfahren zum Herstellen von magnetischen Polen auf einem Grundkörper und Rotor einer elektrischen Maschine |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 016, no. 556 (C - 1007) 26 November 1992 (1992-11-26) * |
WYSLOCKI J J: "Magnetic properties, microstructures and domain structures of arc-plasma sprayed Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet", JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE, 15 JULY 1992, UK, vol. 27, no. 14, pages 3777 - 3781, XP000916986, ISSN: 0022-2461 * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101830865A (zh) * | 2010-03-19 | 2010-09-15 | 华东交通大学 | 一种含羟基的噻二唑衍生物及其制备方法和应用 |
CN101830865B (zh) * | 2010-03-19 | 2012-05-02 | 华东交通大学 | 一种含羟基的噻二唑衍生物及其制备方法和应用 |
CN107254656A (zh) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-10-17 | 桂林电子科技大学 | 钕铁硼永磁材料表面等离子喷涂陶瓷层及其制备方法 |
CN109468576A (zh) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-15 | 安徽大地熊新材料股份有限公司 | 一种烧结钕铁硼磁体表面高耐蚀涂层及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1161570B1 (de) | 2003-07-30 |
JP2002539331A (ja) | 2002-11-19 |
EP1161570A1 (de) | 2001-12-12 |
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